Moss & Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and
Adolescents 10th Edition
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MOSS & ADAMS’
HEART DISEASE
IN INFANTS, CHILDREN,
AND ADOLESCENTS
INCLUDING THE FETUS AND YOUNG
ADULT
VOLUME I-II • TENTH EDITION
Robert E. Shaddy, MD
Pasadena Guild Chair
Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs
Pediatrician-in-Chief
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Professor and Chair, Department of
Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine of the University
of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Daniel J. Penny, MD, PhD, MHA
Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Chief of Cardiology
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
Timothy F. Feltes, MD
Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Frank Cetta, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology and
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Seema Mital, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Cardiology
Hospital for Sick Children/University of
Toronto
Heart and Stroke Foundation of
Canada/Robert M Freedom Chair in
Cardiovascular Science
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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To Jamee, Aaron, Tyler, and Eula. Thank you.
—Robert E. Shaddy
For my mother, Catherine Penny, who gave
so much
so that I could live my dreams.
—Daniel J. Penny
To most of you out there; except for my
college freshman advisor who told me I
would never get into med school. Well who
looks stupid now?
—Timothy F. Feltes
Carsyn Rae and Siena James you guys are
the best of 2020 and the lights for a bright
future !!
—Frank Cetta
To my parents, Ratan and Urmila Mital,
whose unfailing support launched and guided
my career.
—Seema Mital
CONTRIBUTORS
Michael J. Ackerman, MD, PhD
Windland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research Professor and
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Medicine; Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; and
Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Iki Adachi, MD
Associate Professor
Congenital Heart Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery
Director, Mechanical Circulatory Support
Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Mohammed Alaklabi, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Cardiac surgery
Division of Surgery
Stollery Children’s Hospital/University of Alberta Hospital
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Hugh D. Allen, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Staff Cardiologist
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
Carolyn A. Altman, MD
Professor/Associate Chief, Pediatric Cardiology
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Jason H. Anderson, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Dean B. Andropoulos, MD, MHCM
Professor, Anesthesiology
Anesthesiologist-in-Chief
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
Shafkat Anwar, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital
University of California, San Francisco
Aimee K. Armstrong, MD, MSc
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Director, Cardiac Catheterization & Interventional Therapies
The Heart Center
Nationwide Children’s Hospital/The Ohio State University College of
Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
Michael Artman, MD
Professor Emeritus
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Kansas City, MO
Jordan D. Awerbach, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor, Phoenix Children’s Hospital
University of Arizona
Associate Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program
Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology
Phoenix, Arizona
Nancy A. Ayres, MD
Director of Non-Invasive Imaging
Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
H. Scott Baldwin, MD
Professor and Chief
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
Thomas Bartman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
Co-Director, Clinical Fellowship in Quality and Safety Leadership
Nationwide Children’s Hospital/The Ohio State University College of
Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
Stuart Berger, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University
Division Head, Pediatric Cardiology
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Ami B. Bhatt, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Brian A. Boe, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Cardiology
The Heart Center
Nationwide Children’s Hospital/The Ohio State University School of
Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
Lorenzo D. Botto, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Medical Genetics
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, Utah
Jeroen Breckpot, MD, PhD
Clinical Geneticist
Department for Human Genetics
University Hospitals Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Richard J. Brilli, MD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
The Ohio State University College of Medicine
John F. Wolfe Endowed Chair in Medical Leadership and Pediatric Quality
and Safety
Chief Medical Officer
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Columbus, Ohio
Ronald A. Bronicki, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Sections of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Cardiac Critical Care
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
Julie A. Brothers, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Cardiology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/Perelman School of Medicine at the
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
David W. Brown, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Cardiology
Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Danielle S. Burstein, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Cardiology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/Perelman School of Medicine at the
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Allison K. Cabalka, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Consultant, Pediatric Cardiology
Division of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Bryan C. Cannon, MD
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Vice-Chair of Education, Department of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Charles E. Canter, MD
Lois B. Tuttle and Jeanne B. Hauck Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
St. Louis Children’s Hospital/Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Jonathan R. Carapetis, MBBS, PhD
Professor
University of Western Australia
Director
Telethon Kids Institute
Consultant
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children
Perth, Western Australia
Amy Cassedy, PhD
Research Associate
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Frank Cetta, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular
Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Anthony C. Chang, MD, MBA, MPH
Chief Intelligence and Innovation Officer (CIIO) and Medical Director of
the Heart Failure Program
Children’s Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California
Paul A. Checchia, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Section of Critical Care Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital and the Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Meryl S. Cohen, MD, MSEd
Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Cardiology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/Perelman School of Medicine at the
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Katherine E. Cutitta, PhD
Assistant Professor, Psychologist
Department of Pediatrics
Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
David A. Danford, MD
Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, Nebraska
Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair/Pediatrician-in-Chief
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of
Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
J. Terrance Davis, MD
Professor Emeritus of Clinical Surgery
Department of Surgery
Assistant to the Chief Medical Officer
Nationwide Children’s Hospital/The Ohio State University College of
Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
Joseph A. Dearani, MD
Professor of Surgery
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Cardiology
Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Marietta M. DeGuzman, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Section of Rheumatology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Susan W. Denfield, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
David Driscoll, MD