In the name of God, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful

Name: Mahnoor saleem

Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Sciences,

Morgah Biodiversity Park, located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, is a unique ecological and educational space
dedicated to the conservation of local flora and fauna. Established in 2003 through a collaboration between
the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Attock
Refinery Limited (ARL), and the Government of Pakistan, the park serves as a model for public-private
partnerships in environmental conservation.
Size and Location: Spanning 28 acres, the park is situated in Morgah, Rawalpindi, and is managed by
Attock Refinery Limited.
Biodiversity: The park showcases over 268 plant species, including 125 varieties of roses, and features an
aviary, butterfly farm, and aquatic life exhibits.

Educational and Community Engagement: It serves as an educational resource for local communities,
promoting awareness about biodiversity and environmental conservation.
Annual Initiatives: The Park hosts events like the Spring Plantation Drive, where thousands of saplings are
planted annually to combat deforestation.
Here are some collection which I take during study trip in this
Variety of plants are shown. Morgah Biodiversity Park in Rawalpindi is home to a variety of animals, including
peacocks, rabbits, and chickens. These animals contribute to the park's role in showcasing the diverse wildlife of
the Potohar region
Peacocks
Peacocks, known for their vibrant plumage and distinctive calls, are among the park's notable residents. Their
presence enhances the park's aesthetic value and provides visitors with an opportunity to observe these majestic
birds in a natural setting.
Rabbits

Rabbits are commonly found in the park's grassy areas, where they contribute to the local ecosystem by grazing on
vegetation. Their presence adds to the park's charm and offers visitors a chance to observe these gentle creatures in
their natural habitat.

Morgah Biodiversity Park plays a significant role in

environmental education

And conservation. It serves as a model for

public-private partnerships

In preserving local flora and fauna.

The park's initiatives,

Such as the annual Spring Plantation Drive,

Aim to combat deforestation and promote awareness about biodiversity.

🐇 Mammals
Rhesus Macaque: A species of monkey commonly found in the park's wooded areas.
Golden Jackal: A small canid that inhabits the park's periphery.

🐍 Reptiles
Leopard Gecko: A nocturnal lizard species found in the park's rocky terrains.
Bengal Monitor: A large lizard species that can be spotted near the park's water bodies.
Solar clock.Morgah Biodiversity Park in Rawalpindi features a unique solar clock that tells time using the
sun's position. This innovative timepiece aligns with the park's mission to promote environmental education
and sustainable practices. Visitors can observe how the sun's movement throughout the day casts shadows on
the clock's design, providing a natural way to tell time. This solar clock is particularly appealing to students,
nature enthusiasts, and those interested in eco-friendly technologies.
MUSEUM. Morgah, Rawalpindi, offers a unique glimpse into the rich
History of Pakistan’s oil and gas industry. As Pakistan’s oldest refinery,
Established in 1922, ARL has played a pivotal role in the nations
Energy sector, and the museum serves to preserve and showcase this legacy.
Scribed
Museum Highlights
Historical Artifacts: The museum houses original equipment from the
Early 20th century, including the initial distillation units
And drilling tools used during the refinery's inception.
These artifacts provide insight into the technological advancements of the time.
Photographic Archives: Visitors can explore a collection of photographs documenting significant milestones
in the refinery's development, offering a visual narrative of its evolution over the decades.
Educational Displays: Informative exhibits detail the processes involved in oil refining and the refinery's
contributions to Pakistan's industrial growth.

Morgah Biodiversity Park in Rawalpindi has integrated a biogas production system as part of its sustainable
environmental initiatives. This system utilizes organic waste to generate biogas, which serves as a renewable
energy source for various applications within the park.
Biogas Production at Morgah Biodiversity Park

Operational Biogas Plant The park has successfully installed and operates a biogas plant that processes
organic waste to produce clean energy. This initiative not only provides an alternative energy source but also
contributes to waste management efforts.
Community Engagement The biogas project is part of a broader strategy to promote sustainable practices
among local communities. Activities such as composting organic waste and utilizing biogas slurry for kitchen
gardening are encouraged to enhance environmental awareness and self-sufficiency.
Educational Outreach The park serves as a learning center where students and visitors can observe
renewable energy technologies in action, including biogas production, solar cooking, and composting. These
demonstrations aim to foster a deeper understanding of sustainable practices.
Environmental and Social Benefits

Renewable Energy Generation By converting organic waste into biogas, the park reduces reliance on
conventional energy sources, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
Waste Management The biogas system aids in managing organic waste efficiently, turning potential
pollutants into valuable resources.
Agricultural Enhancement The byproduct of biogas production, known as slurry, is rich in nutrients and is
used to fertilize the park's organic vegetable and fruit orchards, promoting sustainable agriculture.
Community Development The initiative provides employment opportunities and supports local livelihoods
by engaging residents in sustainable practices and environmental conservation efforts.
Morgah Biodiversity Park's biogas project exemplifies a successful integration of renewable energy solutions
within a community-focused environmental conservation framework. It serves as a model for similar
initiatives aiming to combine ecological preservation with sustainable development.
Water Irrigation System at Morgah Biodiversity Park
Drip Irrigation Network: The park utilizes a drip irrigation system, which delivers water directly to the roots of
plants, minimizing water waste and evaporation. This method is particularly effective in arid regions like the
Potohar Plateau.
Sprinkler Irrigation: In 1922
- Established: addition to drip irrigation, sprinkler systems are employed to water larger areas,
ensuring even distribution of water across lawns and gardens.
- *Headquarters*: Morgah, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Recycled Water Usage: The park emphasizes sustainability by using recycled water for irrigation purposes. This
practice conserves freshwater
- *Ownership*: resources and aligns
Majority-owned by with eco-friendly
Attock initiatives.
Oil Company (61.06%)
Expansion of Irrigation
- *Public Infrastructure:
Listing*: Listed on With support from
the Pakistan the Exchange
Stock Punjab Water Management
since 1979 Department, the
park has extended its drip irrigation network to cover an additional 7.5 acres, including orchards and an organic
vegetable- farm.
*Current
TheseCEO*: Adil
irrigation Khattak
strategies not only support the park's rich biodiversity but also serve as a model
for sustainable water management in similar ecological settings.
- *Employees*: Approximately 1,200 as of 2023 ([Attock Refinery Limited]

Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), situated in Morgah, Rawalpindi, is Pakistan's oldest oil refinery, with a legacy
dating back to 1922. As a subsidiary of the UK-domiciled Attock Oil Company, ARL has been instrumental in
the nation's energy sector, refining domestic crude oil and supplying a significant portion of fuels to northern
Pakistan.
Established: 1922
Headquarters: Morgah, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Ownership: Majority-owned by Attock Oil Company (61.06%)
Public Listing: Listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange since 1979
Current CEO: Adil Khattak
Employees: Approximately 1,200 as of 2023 ([Attock Refinery Limited]
ARL operates a state-of-the-art refinery with a nameplate capacity of 53,400 barrels per day (bpd). The facility
has undergone several upgrades to enhance efficiency and meet environmental standards.
-1981: Expansion with two distillation units of 20,000 and 5,000 bpd capacity.
1994: Initiation of the Refinery Upgradation and Expansion Plan (ARU Project) to process heavier crude oils and
produce higher-octane gasoline.
2016: Further modernization to align with global sustainability standards.
Products
ARL produces a diverse range of petroleum products
 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
 Unleaded Premium Motor Gasoline
 High-Speed Diesel (HSD)
 Jet Fuels (JP-1, JP-8)
 Kerosene Oil
 Furnace Fuel Oil (FFO)
 Paving Grade Asphalts
 Mineral Turpentine
Sustainability & Community Engagement
ARL is committed to sustainable practices and community development. Notable initiatives include:
 Water Resource Management: Installation of advanced water treatment and recycling systems to ensure
a sustainable water supply for operations and nearby communities.
 Educational Outreach: Establishment of a training and research center within the Morgah facility to
develop local talent in the energy sector.
 Environmental Conservation: Operation of the Morgah Biodiversity Park, promoting environmental
education and conservation efforts.
Kitchen waste treatment of Attock oil refinery.
Attock Oil Refinery treats kitchen waste through the following three key processes:
Biogas Generation: Organic kitchen waste is fed into
a biogas plant where it is anaerobically digested to produce clean
Biogas for cooking and heating purposes.
Composting: Solid organic residues from the
Kitchen are composted to produce nutrient-rich fertilizer for use in
The Morgah Biodiversity Park’s gardens and orchards.
Slurry Utilization: The byproduct slurry from the biogas process is used as organic manure,
Enhancing soil fertility in the park’s vegetable farming plots.
Treatment of crude material in Attock Oil Refinery, crude oil is
treated through distillation,
where it's heated and separated into components like gasoline,
diesel, and jet fuel based on boiling points. These fractions then
undergo refining processes such as cracking, reforming, and hydrotreating to improve quality and meet product
specifications.