Robotics in Genitourinary Surgery

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Preface

It has been a privilege for us to write the preface for this book, Robotics in
Genitourinary Surgery. The da Vinci robot is a staggeringly sophisticated tool,
although it has been around for only a decade and has witnessed a logarithmic
increase in numbers of robot-assisted surgeries since its inception. This is particularly
true in the USA, with other parts of the world closely following.
Patients have accepted the technology at breathless pace. Urological surgeons have
been slower to do so. This is human nature, and it is always difficult to learn and
apply new technologies. Already the field of urological oncology has been turned
on its head, and the signature oncological procedure, the radical prostatectomy is
overwhelmingly performed with robotic assistance. Several years ago, The New York
Times published an article looking at how new technology has disseminated across
the USA within the years after its introduction. At an acceptance rate of over 60%
at 5 years, robotic radical prostatectomy exceeded the penetration of electricity, cell
telephones, or the personal computer!
Yet there are controversies about the robot-assisted technique. Nay sayers, who
share the common quality of never having seriously tried doing robotic surgery, com-
plain that there is no real benefit from robotic surgery and that it is slick marketing
that has resulted in the acceptance of the robot. They say that the learning curve
is steep, that surgeons are attempting robotics without proper training, and that the
robotic manufacturer is responsible for most of this. There is some truth to all of this.
As among the pioneers of these procedures, we have heard it all, at symposia, in the
hallways, in editorials, and in rejections of early (and some not-so-early) manuscripts.
These are the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. As newer generations of sur-
geons have embraced robotics, these protestations are becoming less vociferous, and
robotic surgery will find its appropriate place. The technology is wonderful, in the
proper hands the da Vinci robot is an incredibly sophisticated tool, and the learning
issues will be resolved as robotic surgery becomes mainstream training in residencies.
This textbook aims to provide comprehensive, state-of-art information about the
various topics dedicated to robotic urologic procedures. Our intention on the one
hand has been to make our urologic colleagues at large aware of the eclectic vari-
eties of urologic surgeries that are being done with robotic assistance and at the same
time provide details of robotic setup, instrumentation, and surgical nuances of dif-
ferent procedures. The contributors to the book are truly pioneers and experts in the
field of robotic surgery across the world. They could have written just about any
topic in robotics, but they helped us in writing this book. This book contains nine
sections (History; Basics and Development of Program; Training and Research; the

v
vi Preface

Prostate; Adrenal, Kidney and Ureter; Bladder; Pediatric Urology; Female Urology
and Infertility; Patient’s Perspective and Future) with 60 chapters tailored to address
the history, technique, research, and experience in the field of robotic urologic
surgery. We thank the pioneers and innovative urological surgeons who have devel-
oped and nurtured robotic urologic surgery from its infancy to maturity to serve our
patients and community.
When the history of robotics is written, the authors of the chapters will stand out
among the great surgeons in urology.
The editors are eternally grateful to all the individual contributors of this book in
helping to lay the foundations of robotic surgery. Every one is a hero in their own
right. We hope that Intuitive Surgical, the manufacturer of the robot, recognizes this
and, more importantly, makes the technology more affordable and the training more
structured.

NC, USA Ashok K. Hemal

MI, USA Mani Menon
Contents

Part I History, Basics, and Development of Program . . . . . . . . . 1

1 The History of Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Michael E. Moran
2 Robotic Instrumentation and Operating Room Setup . . . . . . . . . 25
Ty T. Higuchi and Matthew T. Gettman
3 Port Placement in Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chad R. Ritch and Ketan K. Badani
4 Achieving Efficiency in the Operating Room: Step by Step . . . . . . 51
Randy Fagin
5 Laparoscopy vs. Robotics: Ergonomics – Does It Matter? . . . . . . 63
Jens Rassweiler, Ali Serdar Gözen, Thomas Frede, and Dogu Teber
6 Anesthetic Considerations for Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . 79
Michael A. Olympio
7 The Development of a Robotic Urology Program in the UK . . . . . 97
Harveer S. Dev, Nimish C. Shah, and David E. Neal
8 Robotic Urologic Surgery: How to Make an Effective
Robotic Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Arthur Caire, Michael N. Ferrandino, and David M. Albala
9 Witnessing the Transition of Open to Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . 119
John B. Malcolm, Michael D. Fabrizio, and Paul F. Schellhammer
10 Patient-Side Surgeons: The Unsung Heroes of Robotic Surgery . . . 131
Phillip Mucksavage and Daniel D. Eun

Part II Training and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

11 Training in Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
David S. Wang and Howard N. Winfield
12 Animal Laboratory Training: Current Status
and How Essential Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Gyung Tak Sung and Yinghao Sun

vii
viii Contents

13 Training of Operating Room Technician and Nurses

in Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Stacey Dusik-Fenton and James O. Peabody
14 Impact of Virtual Reality Simulators in Training
of Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
David A. Gilley and Chandru P. Sundaram
15 Training, Credentialing, and Hospital Privileging for Robotic
Urological Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Kevin C. Zorn and Gagan Gautam
16 Research in Urologic Oncology in an Era of Minimally
Invasive Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Ralph W. deVere White, Kirk A. Keegan, and Karim Chamie
17 Databases and Data Management for Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . 189
Charles-Henry Rochat and Usha Seshadri-Kreaden
18 The Role of Scientific Journals in Disseminating
New Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Barry B. McGuire and John M. Fitzpatrick
19 Predicting Robotic Utilization in Urologic Disease:
An Epidemiology-Based Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Jed-Sian Cheng and Gabriel P. Haas

Part III The Prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

20 Development of the Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy:
Historical Perspective and Technical Nuances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Piyush K. Agarwal, Sanjeev A. Kaul, and Mani Menon
21 Transferring Knowledge of Anatomical Dissection
from the Laboratory to the Patient: An Australian Perspective . . . 243
Ben Challacombe and Anthony J. Costello
22 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Prostate Surgeon’s
Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Cole Davis, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Peter R. Carroll
23 Cautery-Free Technique of Robot-Assisted Radical
Prostatectomy: Impact on Nerve Preservation and
Long-Term Outcome on Recovery of Sexual Function . . . . . . . . 261
David S. Finley, Anthony J. Costello, and Thomas E. Ahlering
24 Current Concepts in Cavernosal Neural Anatomy
and Imaging and Their Implications for Nerve-Sparing
Radical Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Gerald Y. Tan, Sonal Grover, Atsushi Takenaka, Prasanna
Sooriakumaran, and Ashutosh K. Tewari
25 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Large Glands
and Median Lobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Ugur Boylu and Raju Thomas
Contents ix

26 Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy:

Simulating the Gold Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Ahmed Ghazi and Jean Joseph
27 The Retrograde Extraperitoneal Approach:
Robotic Retrograde Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic
Prostatectomy (RRELP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Charles-Henry Rochat and Pierre Dubernard
28 Technical Modifications for Robotic Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . 319
Kenneth J. Palmer, Rafael E. Coelho, Sanket Chauhan,
and Vipul R. Patel
29 Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Cancer Control and
Implications of Margin Positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Mark H. Katz, Kevin C. Zorn, and Arieh L. Shalhav
30 Techniques to Improve Urinary Continence Following
Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Pierre Mendoza, Saurabh Sharma, and David I. Lee
31 Penile Rehabilitation After Robotic Radical Prostatectomy:
The Best Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Andrea Gallina, Alberto Briganti, Nazareno Suardi, Andrea
Salonia, Umberto Capitanio, and Francesco Montorsi
32 Laparoscopy or Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Pros and Cons . . . 371
Claude Abbou and Leticia Ruiz
33 Complications of Robotic Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Sameer Siddiqui, Akshay Bhandari, and Mani Menon

Part IV Adrenal, Kidney, and Ureter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

34 Robotic Urologic Surgery: Robotic-Assisted Adrenalectomy . . . . . 393
Vinod Narra, Craig G. Rogers, and Mani Menon
35 Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy
and Nephroureterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Ben R. McHone, Ronald S. Boris, and Peter A. Pinto
36 Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Brian M. Benway, Robert S. Figenshau, and Sam B. Bhayani
37 Robotic Urologic Surgery: Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy . . . 423
Manish N. Patel, Mani Menon, and Craig G. Rogers
38 Robotic Donor Nephrectomy: Technique and Outcomes –
An European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
J. Hubert and M. Ladrière
39 Robotic Donor Nephrectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Kari J. Thompson and Santiago Horgan
40 Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Iqbal Singh and Ashok Kumar Hemal
x Contents

41 Robotic Surgery for Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Rajeev Kumar and Ashok K. Hemal
42 Ureteral Reconstruction Utilizing Robotic-Assisted Techniques . . . 477
Patrick Mufarrij, Elias Hyams, and Michael Stifelman
43 Robotic or Laparoscopic Renal Surgery: Pros and Cons . . . . . . . 483
Alexander Mottrie

Part V Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

44 Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy in Male: Technique of Spaces . . 503
Matthew H. Hayn, Piyush K. Agarwal, and Khurshid A. Guru
45 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Anterior Pelvic Exenteration
for Bladder Cancer in the Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Raj S. Pruthi, Matthew E. Nielsen, and Eric M. Wallen
46 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Extended Pelvic Lymph
Node Dissection for Bladder Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
A. Karim Kader and Ashok K. Hemal
47 Robot-Assisted Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Alexander Mottrie, Jamil Rehman, Mattia N. Sangalli, Geert de
Naeyer, Peter Schatteman, Paul Carpentier, Matthew H. Hayn,
and Khurshid A. Guru
48 Robotic Urinary Diversion: Technique, Current Status,
and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Abolfazl Hosseini, Martin C. Schumacher, Martin N. Jonsson,
and N. Peter Wiklund
49 Robotic Bladder Surgery Complications: Prevention
and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Erik P. Castle, Rafael Nuñez-Nateras, Michael E. Woods,
and Paul E. Andrews

Part VI Pediatric Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

50 Robotic Surgery for Ureteral Anomalies in Children . . . . . . . . . 571
Rita Gobet and Craig A. Peters
51 Robotic Surgery of the Kidney in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Sanjeev A. Kaul and Jack S. Elder
52 Robotic Bladder Surgery in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Pasquale Casale and Yoshiyuki Kojima

Part VII Female Urology and Infertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

53 Robotic Surgery in Urogynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Mark S. Shimko and Daniel S. Elliott
54 Robotic Repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Pankaj Wadhwa and Ashok K. Hemal
Contents xi

55 Robotic Surgery in Male Infertility (Robotic-Assisted Microsurgery) 617

Georges A. de Boccard and Alexander Mottrie

Part VIII Patient’s Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

56 Treater to Target: Experiences of a Prostate Cancer Participant . . . 627
Paul F. Schellhammer
57 My Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
John M. Barry

Part IX Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

58 Telementoring and Telesurgery in Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Ben Challacombe and Prokar Dasgupta
59 Robotic Systems: Past, Present, and Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Shadie R. Badaan and Dan Stoianovici
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Contributors

Claude Abbou Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France

Piyush K. Agarwal Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,
MI, USA
Thomas E. Ahlering Department of Urology, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
David M. Albala Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Paul E. Andrews Mayo Clinic, Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Shadie R. Badaan Urology Robotics Laboratory, James Buchannan Brady
Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Ketan K. Badani Columbia University Medical Center/NY Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, NY, USA
John M. Barry Division of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University,
Portland, OR, USA
Brian M. Benway Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School
of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Akshay Bhandari Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit,
MI, USA
Sam B. Bhayani Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Georges A. de Boccard Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Center, Clinic
Generale Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland
Ralph W. deVere White UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
Ronald S. Boris Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ugur Boylu Department of Urology, Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic
Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Alberto Briganti Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele
Hospital, Milano, Italy

xiii
xiv Contributors

Arthur Caire Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke Prostate

Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Umberto Capitanio Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
Paul Carpentier Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic, Aalst,
Belgium
Peter R. Carroll Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller Family
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Pasquale Casale Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Erik P. Castle Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Ben Challacombe The Urology Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
Karim Chamie David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Sanket Chauhan Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,
Celebration, FL, USA
Jed-Sian Cheng Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, USA
Rafael E. Coelho Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,
Celebration, FL, USA
Matthew R. Cooperberg Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller Family
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Anthony J. Costello Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The Royal
Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Prokar Dasgupta The Urology Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
Cole Davis Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller Family Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Geert de Naeyer Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,
Aalst, Belgium
Harveer S. Dev Cambridge University Clinical School, St John’s College,
Cambridge, UK
Pierre Dubernard Centre Urologie Bellecour, Lyon, France
Stacey Dusik-Fenton Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System,
Detroit, MI, USA
Jack S. Elder Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Children’s Hospital
of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
Daniel S. Elliott Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Daniel D. Eun Division of Urology, Penn Urology at Pennsylvania Hospital,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Contributors xv

Michael D. Fabrizio Endourology/Laparoscopy Program, Eastern Virginia

Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
Randy Fagin The Prostate Center of Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Michael N. Ferrandino Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Robert S. Figenshau Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, MO, USA
David S. Finley UCLA Department of Urology, Clark Urology Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
John M. Fitzpatrick Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Thomas Frede Department of Urology, Helios-Kliniken, Müllheim, Germany
Andrea Gallina Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,
Milano, Italy
Prasanna Sooriakumaran ACMI Corp. Endourological Society Fellow, James
Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical
College, Institute for Prostate Cancer, Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery, New York
Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Gagan Gautam Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Matthew T. Gettman Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Ahmed Ghazi Division of Laparoscopy and Robotic Surgery, University
of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
David A. Gilley Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, IN, USA
Rita Gobet Leitende Aerztin für Kinderurologie, Universitäts-Kinderspital, Zurich,
Switzerland
Ali Serdar Gözen Department of Urology, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn, University
of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Sonal Grover Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery and Prostate Cancer Institute,
Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
Khurshid A. Guru Urologic Oncology Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo,
NY, USA
Gabriel P. Haas Astellas Global Development, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
Matthew H. Hayn Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo,
NY, USA
Ashok K. Hemal Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute
for Regenerative Medicine, Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Baptist
xvi Contributors

Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest

University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Elias Hyams Department of Urology, Langone Medical Center, New York
University, New York, NY, USA
A. Karim Kader Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center
for Cancer Genomics, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Ty T. Higuchi Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Santiago Horgan Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of California San Diego,
San Diego, CA, USA
Abolfazl Hosseini Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine
and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
J. Hubert Department of Urology, University Hospital of Nancy, CHU
Nancy – Brabois Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
Martin N. Jonsson Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine
and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Jean Joseph Section of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Mark H. Katz Urology, Boston School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Sanjeev A. Kaul Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Children’s
Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
Kirk A. Keegan Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Yoshiyuki Kojima Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Rajeev Kumar Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
M. Ladrière Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Nancy, CHU
Nancy – Brabois Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
David I. Lee Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
John B. Malcolm Eastern Virginia Medical School/Urology of Virginia, Norfolk,
VA, USA
Barry B. McGuire Department of Urology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Ben R. McHone Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Pierre Mendoza Department of Urology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Mani Menon Professor of Urology, Columbia University, New York Director,
Menon-Vattikuti Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, USA
Contributors xvii

Francesco Montorsi Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano,

Italy
Michael E. Moran Southwestern Urology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of
Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; American Urological
Association’s William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History, Linthicum,
MD, USA
Alexander Mottrie Urology Department, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst,
Belgium
Phillip Mucksavage University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia,
PA, USA
Patrick Mufarrij Department of Urology, Langone Medical Center, New York
University, New York, NY, USA
Vinod Narra Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
David E. Neal Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Rafael Nuñez-Nateras Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Michael A. Olympio Departments of Anesthesiology and Urology, Baptist
Medical Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Kenneth J. Palmer Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of
Central Florida, Florida, USA
Manish N. Patel Department of Robotic Urologic Surgery, Vattikuti Urology
Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
Vipul R. Patel Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,
Celebration, FL, USA
James O. Peabody Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry
Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
Craig A. Peters Division of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Translation,
Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National
Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Peter A. Pinto Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Raj S. Pruthi Division of Urologic Surgery, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Jens Rassweiler Urologische Klinik, SLK Klinikens, Heilbronn, Germany
Jamil Rehman Urology, SUNY-Stony Brook University/Brandon Regional
Hospital, Centereach, New York, USA
Chad R. Ritch Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical
Center – New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
Charles-Henry Rochat Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Center, Clinic
Generale Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland
xviii Contributors

Craig G. Rogers Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI,
USA
Leticia Ruiz Department of Urology, Social Security Metropolitan Hospital,
Panama, Republic of Panama
Andrea Salonia Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele,
Milano, Italy
Mattia N. Sangalli Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,
Aalst, Belgium
Peter Schatteman Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,
Aalst, Belgium
Paul F. Schellhammer Sentara Medical Group, Eastern Virginia Medical School,
Urology of Virginia, Norfolk, VA, USA
Martin C. Schumacher Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine
and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Usha Seshadri-Kreaden Department of Clinical Affairs, Intuitive Surgical,
Sunnyvale, CA, USA
Nimish C. Shah Department of Urology, Cambridge Urology, Cambridge, UK
Arieh L. Shalhav University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Saurabh Sharma Department of Urology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Mark S. Shimko Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Sameer Siddiqui Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit,
MI, USA
Iqbal Singh Department of Urology, Clinical Instructor, Urology, Wake Forest
Baptist Medical Centre, Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston-Salem,
NC, USA
Michael Stifelman Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York,
NY, USA
Dan Stoianovici Urology Robotics Laboratory, James Buchannan Brady
Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Nazareno Suardi Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
Yinghao Sun Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military
Medical University, Shanghai, China
Chandru P. Sundaram Department of Urology, Indiana University School
of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Gyung Tak Sung Department of Urology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan,
South Korea
Atsushi Takenaka Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School
of Medicine, Kobe, Japan