LAW OF EVIDENCE

SHORT NOTE
(1) Res-Gestae
(2) What is a leading question ? Under what circumstances can
it be asked in examination ?
(3) Communication without prejudice
(4) Judicial notice.
(5) What is documentary evidence ?
(6) What is “examination-in-chief ”, “cross-examination” and
“re-examination”.
(7) Difference between public and private document.
(8) In IEA, how the presumption of Legitimacy of a child is
drawn ?
(9) When facts not relevant become relevant ? Give examples.
(10) How far the previous Judgement is relevant to a second suit
or trial in the similar circumstances ?
(11) A, a client, says to B, an advocate – “I have committed
forgery and I wish you to defend me” Can B be permitted to
disclose the said fact ? Explain with proper provisions and
examples.
(12) Electronic evidence
(13) A hostile witness
(14) Opinion of third person and its relevancy.
(15) Explain 'Fact'
(16) Write note on ancient documents
(17) Write note on admission.
(18) Refreshing memory
(19) Confidential communication
(20) Proved, disproved, not proved.
(21) What do you mean by relevancy of facts ?
(22) Explain "character when relevant".
(23) Who is dumb witness ?
(24) Privilege communication
(25) Accomplice
(26) Expert opinion.
(27) Define the terms ‘Proved’, ‘Disproved’ and ‘Not Proved’.
(28) Explain presumption as to books, maps and charts.
(29) Character when relevant
(30) Impeaching credit of witness.
(31) Retracted confession.
(32) Alibi.
(33) Witness.
(34) What is the result of improper admission and rejection of
evidence ?
(35) When can the secondary evidence may be given ?
(36) Can conviction be based solely on an uncorroborated dying
declaration ?
(37) What is the evidentiary value of FIR ?
(38) ‘Evidence of an accomplice needs corroboration.’ Discuss.
(39) Discuss the evidentiary value of a child witness.
(40) Write a note on Burden of Proof and Onus of Proof.
(41) Explain the doctrine of confirmation by the subsequent
events.
(42) Oral evidence must be direct
(43) Presumption
(44) Classification of evidence
(45) Estoppel
(46) Admission and confession
(47) Fact in issue

LONG ANSWER
1. Distinguish between ‘Admission and Confession’, with the
help of judicial pronouncement.
2. How far motive, preparation and conduct previous or
subsequent, are relevant in evidence ? Substantiate your answer
by giving illustrations.
3. Define ‘Expert’. How far the opinion of the Experts are
relevant ? Support your answer with case laws.
4. ‘Hearsay evidence is no evidence’. Comment and state
exceptions, if any, to this rule.
5. Explain : (a) Dying Declaration (b) Fact and fact in issue.
6. “The improper admission or rejection of evidence shall not be
granted of itself for a new trial or reversal of any decision in any
case”. Do you agree ? Why ?
7. Explain the rule that oral evidences must, in all cases be
direct. Illustrate your answer with case laws. Is there any
exception to this rule ?
8. What is burden of Proof ? State the rules of determining on
whom the burden of proof will lie in a suit or proceeding.
9. Define Evidence and state its classifications.
10. “The improper admission or rejection of evidence shall not
be granted of itself for a new trial or reversal of any decision in
any case.” Do you agree ? Why ?
11. What is dying declaration ? Explain the circumstances in
which it is admissible in evidence.
12. What is the difference between Admission and Confession ?
13. What is meant by “hearsay” ? What is the principle on which
non-admissibility of such evidence is based ? State the
exceptions, if any to the general rule ‘Hearsay is no evidence’.
14. Write short notes on (any TWO) : (a) Refreshing Memory
(b) Onus of proof (c) Principle of estoppel.
15. What is the mode prescribed under the law of evidence for
recording the evidence of a witness ?
16. What are the privileged communications ? State the
circumstances under which the privilege can be claimed.
17. Evidence must be confined to matter in issue. State the
exceptions to this rule.
18. Write a note on Dying Declaration.
19. Discuss how various kinds of fact become relevant.
20. Discuss when opinions of third persons become relevant.
21. What is confession ? In what circumstances a confession
made by one accused can be used against a co-accused ?
22. What is meant by 'private document' and public document ?
How a public document is proved ?
23. Write a note on 'burden of proof'.
24. 'In certain circumstance, irrelevant evidence also becomes
relevant.' Explain.
25. What is secondary evidence ? When is it admissible ?
26. Discuss "oral evidence must be direct".
27. Define 'Dying Declaration'. Explain its evidentiary value by
way of decided cases.
28. Who is competent to testify ? Explain whether a lunatic is a
competent witness or not.
29. Explain the doctrine of estoppel with its different kinds.
30. What is Estoppel ? State the difference between Estoppel
and Res Judicata.
31. Explain : (a) Retracted confession (b) Best evidence rule.
32. What is secondary evidence ? Which conditions are to be
fulfilled before giving secondary evidence ?
33. Define evidence. Discuss the concept of cirumstantial
evidence.
34. Explain the relevancy of motive, preparation and previous or
subsequent conduct in any suit or proceeding.
35. Distinguish between ‘Admission’ and ‘Confession’ and state
the rules regarding their admissibility.
36. Explain the doctrine of estoppel and its different kinds.
37. Who is competent to testify ? Explain whether a dumb
witness is a competent witness or not.
38. Define ‘Dying Declaration’. State the evidentiary value of it
in some decided cases.
39. What is Burden of proof ? Discuss on whom it lies.
40. Explain : (a) Privileged Communication (b) Difference
between Primary and Secondary evidence.
41. What is primary and secondary evidence ? When is
secondary evidence admissible before court ?
42. Explain how character is relevant in civil as well as in
criminal procedings.
43. Define admission as laid down under Indian Evidence Act.
Differentiate it from Confession.
44. Explain how motive, preparation and conduct are relevant in
relation to the facts.
45. Write notes on :— (a) Doctrine of Estoppel. (b)
Admissibility of Extra Judicial confession.
46. Write a detail note on privileged. communication.
47. What is meant by burden of proof ? Explain on whom it lies
and when it is shifted.
48. Define dying declaration. State its evidenciary value and
circumstances under it is which admissible.
49 Admission is not conclusive proof of the facts admitted but if
acted upon, operates as estoppel. Discuss.
50. ‘Uncorroborated evidence of an approver can be relied upon
for conviction. Discuss combined effect of s.133 and s.114 (b) of
Indian Evidence Act.
51. Issue estoppel refers to issues of facts since proved in a
decided case. Can it be again re-opened ?
52. Is cross-examination confined to facts deposed to in,
examination-in-chief ?
53. Compare between relevant facts and facts in issue.
54. ‘Confidential communications with legal advisors can not be
disclosed.’ Discuss exceptions.
55. What is hearsay evidence ? How is it different from best
evidence ?
56. ‘Falsus in uno falsus in omnibus’ is not applicable in India.’
Give reasons.
57. Define confession. State different kinds of confession. When
is it admissible before the Court ?
58. Who is Expert ? When opinion of expert is relevant before
the court ?
59. Write notes on : (a) Hostile witness (b) Hearsay evidence.
60. Explain the relevancy of statements by persons who can not
be called as a witness.
61. Define fact. Which facts need not to be proved before the
Court ?
62. What is Burden of Proof ? On whom does it lie ? How and
when is it shifted ?
63. What is secondary evidence ? When it is admissible before
the Court ?
64. Write notes on : (a) impeaching credit of witness (b)
priviledged communication.