Cooling+Tower+Calculations
Cooling+Tower+Calculations
INTRODUCTION
Water, which has been heated by an industrial process or in an air-conditioning condenser, is pumped to the
cooling tower through pipes. The water sprays through nozzles onto banks of material called "fill," which slows
the flow of water through the cooling tower, and exposes as much water surface area as possible for maximum
air-water contact. As the water flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled
through the tower by the electric motor-driven fan.
CALCULATION
APPROACH = Cold water temperature – wet bulb temperature
= 35oC -25oC
=10oC
RANGE= Hot water temperature- cold water temperature
=42oC-35oC
=7oC
COOLING TOWER EFFICIENCY= Range/ (range+ approach)*100
=7oC/ (7oC+10oC)*100
=41.17%
TABLE 2 Key Technical Specifications
Sr. No. Parameter Units CT
1
1 Type of cooling tower Induced Draft
counter flow type
2 Water flow L/Hr 3800
3 Pumping Power W 40
4 Pumping Head m 1.52
5 Fan Power W 65
Tower materials
Originally, cooling towers were constructed primarily with wood, including the frame, casing,
louvers, fill and cold-water basin. Sometimes the cold-water basin was made of concrete. Today,
2
manufacturers use a variety of materials to construct cooling towers. Materials are chosen to
enhance corrosion resistance, reduce maintenance, and promote reliability and long service life.
Galvanized steel, various grades of stainless steel, glass fiber, and concrete are widely used in
tower construction, as well as aluminum and plastics for some components.
Frame and casing. Wooden towers are still available, but many components are made of different
materials, such as the casing around the wooden framework of glass fiber, the inlet air louvers of
glass fiber, the fill of plastic and the cold-water basin of steel. Many towers (casings and basins)
are constructed of galvanized steel or, where a corrosive atmosphere is a problem, the tower and/or
the basis are made of stainless steel. Larger towers sometimes are made of concrete. Glass fiber is
also widely used for cooling tower casings and basins, because they extend the life of the cooling
tower and provide protection against harmful chemicals.
3
Figure 3 cooling tower casing
Fill. Plastics are widely used for fill, including PVC, polypropylene, and other polymers. When
water conditions require the use of splash fill, treated wood splash fill is still used in wooden
towers, but plastic splash fill is also widely used. Because of greater heat transfer efficiency, film
fill is chosen for applications where the circulating water is generally free of debris that could block
the fill passageways.
Figure 4 Fills
Nozzles. Plastics are also widely used for nozzles. Many nozzles are made of PVC, ABS,
polypropylene, and glass-filled nylon.
Figure 5 Nozzle
Fans. Aluminum, glass fiber and hot-dipped galvanized steel are commonly used fan materials.
Centrifugal fans are often fabricated from galvanized steel. Propeller fans are made from galvanized
steel, aluminum, or molded glass fiber reinforced plastic.
4
Figure 6 cooling fan
5
Figure 10. Induced draft cross flow cooling tower
This section describes how the performance of cooling powers can be assessed. The
performance of cooling towers is evaluated to assess present levels of approach and range against
their design values, identify areas of energy wastage and to suggest improvements.
During the performance evaluation, portable monitoring instruments are used to measure the
following parameters:
These measured parameters and then used to determine the cooling tower performance in
several ways. (Note: CT = cooling tower; CW = cooling water). These are:
a) Range (see Figure 7). This is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet
temperature. A high CT Range means that the cooling tower has been able to reduce the
water temperature effectively, and is thus performing well. The formula is:
b) Approach (see Figure 7). This is the difference between the cooling tower outlet cold water
temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature. The lower the approach the better the cooling
tower performance. Although, both range and approach should be monitored, the ' Approach' is
a better indicator of cooling tower performance.
6
CT Approach (°C) = [CW outlet temp (°C) - Wet bulb temp (°C)]
c) Effectiveness. This is the ratio between the range and the ideal range (in percentage), i.e.
difference between cooling water inlet temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature, or in
other words it is = Range / (Range + Approach). The higher this ratio, the higher the cooling
tower effectiveness.
CT Effectiveness (%) = 100 x (CW temp - CW out temp) / (CW in temp - WB temp)
d) Cooling capacity. This is the heat rejected in kCal/hr or TR, given as product of mass flow rate
of water, specific heat and temperature difference.
e) Evaporation loss. This is the water quantity evaporated for cooling duty. Theoretically
the evaporation quantity works out to 1.8 m3 for every 1,000,000 kCal heat rejected. The
following formula can be used (Perry):
f) Cycles of concentration (C.O.C). This is the ratio of dissolved solids in circulating water to the
dissolved solids in makeup water.
g) Blow down losses depend upon cycles of concentration and the evaporation losses and is given
by formula:
h) Liquid/Gas (L/G) ratio. The L/G ratio of a cooling tower is the ratio between the water and
the air mass flow rates. Cooling towers have certain design values, but seasonal variations
require adjustment and tuning of water and air flow rates to get the best cooling tower
effectiveness. Adjustments can be made by water box loading changes or blade angle
adjustments. Thermodynamic rules also dictate that the heat removed from the water must be
equal to the heat absorbed by the surrounding air. Therefore the following formulae can be used:
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4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES
This section includes main areas for improving energy efficiency of cooling towers. The main areas
for energy conservation include:
■ Selecting the right cooling tower (because the structural aspects of the cooling tower cannot
7
be changed after it is installed)
■
■ Fills
■ Pumps and water distribution system
■ Fans and motors
Once a cooling tower is in place it is very difficult to significantly improve its energy
performance. A number of factors are of influence on the cooling tower's performance and should
be considered when choosing a cooling tower: capacity, range, approach, heat load, wet bulb
temperature, and the relationship between these factors. This is described below.
4.1.1 Capacity
Heat dissipation (in kCal/hour) and circulated flow rate (m 3/hr) are an indication of the capacity
of cooling towers. However, these design parameters are not sufficient to understand the cooling
tower performance. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3 /hr through a 13.9 °C
range might be larger than a cooling tower to cool 4540 m3/hr through 19.5 °C range. Therefore
other design parameters are also needed.
4.1.2 Range
Range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. The range at the
exchanger is determined entirely by the heat load and the water circulation rate through the
exchanger and going to the cooling water. The range is a function of the heat load and the flow
circulated through the system:
Cooling towers are usually specified to cool a certain flow rate from one temperature to another
temperature at a certain wet bulb temperature. For example, the cooling tower might be specified
to cool 4540 m3/hr from 48.9°C to 32.2°C at 26.7°C wet bulb temperature.
4.1.3 Approach
As a general rule, the closer the approach to the wet bulb, the more expensive the cooling tower
due to increased size. Usually a 2.8°C approach to the design wet bulb is the coldest water
temperature that cooling tower manufacturers will guarantee. When the size of the tower has to
be chosen, then the approach is most important, closely followed by the flow rate, and the range
and wet bulb would be of lesser importance.
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engines) high operating temperatures are desirable. The size and cost of the cooling tower is
increases with increasing heat load. Purchasing undersized equipment (if the calculated heat load is
too low) and oversized equipment (if the calculated heat load is too high) is something to be aware
of Process heat loads may vary considerably depending upon the process involved and are
therefore difficult to determine accurately. On the other hand, air conditioning and
refrigeration heat loads can be determined with greater accuracy.
Theoretically, a cooling tower will cool water to the entering wet bulb temperature. In practice,
however, water is cooled to a temperature higher than the wet bulb temperature because heat needs
to be rejected from the cooling tower.
■ A pre-selection of towers based on the design wet bulb temperature must consider
conditions at the tower site. The design wet bulb temperature also should not be
exceeded for more than 5 percent of the time. In general, the design temperature selected is
close to the average maximum wet bulb temperature in summer.
■ Confirm whether the wet bulb temperature is specified as ambient (the temperature in the
cooling tower area) or inlet (the temperature of the air entering the tower, which is often
affected by discharge vapors recycled into the tower). As the impact of recirculation
cannot be known in advance, the ambient wet bulb temperature is preferred.
■ Confirm with the supplier if the cooling tower i s able to deal with the effects of
increased wet bulb temperatures.
In a cooling tower, hot water is distributed above fill media and is cooled down through
evaporation as it flows down the tower and gets in contact with air. The fill media impacts energy
consumption in two ways:
■ Electricity is used for pumping above the fill and for fans that create the air draft. An
efficiently designed fill media with appropriate water distribution, drift eliminator, fan,
gearbox and motor with therefore lead to lower electricity consumption.
■ Heat exchange between air and water is influenced by surface area of heat exchange,
duration of heat exchange (interaction) and turbulence in water effecting thoroughness of
intermixing. The fill media determines all of these and therefore in fluences the h eat
exchange. The greater the heat exchange, the more effective the cooling tower becomes. There
are three types of fills:
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Splash fills media. Splash fill media generates the required heat exchange area by
splashing water over the fill media into smaller water droplets. The surface area of the water
droplets is the surface area for heat exchange with the air.
Film fills media. In a film fill, water forms a thin film on either side of fill sheets. The
surface area of the fill sheets is the area for heat exchange with the surrounding air. Film fill
can result in significant electricity savings due to fewer air and pumping head
requirements.
Low-clog film fills. Low-clog film fills with higher flute sizes were recently developed to
handle high turbid waters. Low clog film fills are considered as the best choice for sea water
in terms of power savings and performance compared to conventional splash type fills.
Pumps
Areas for energy efficiency improvements are discussed in details in the Pumps and Pumping
Systems chapter.
But thanks to technological developments and the production of PVC, manufacturers have
improved drift eliminator designs. As a result drift losses can now be as low as 0.003 -
0.001%.
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4.4 Cooling tower fans
The purpose of a cooling tower fan is to move a specified quantity of air through the system. The
fan has to overcome the system resistance, which is defined as the pressure loss, to move the air.
The fan output or work done by the fan is the product of air flow and the pressure loss. The fan
output and kW input determines the fan efficiency. The fan efficiency in turn is greatly dependent
on the profile of the blade. Blades include:
■ Metallic blades, which are manufactured by extrusion or casting processes and therefore it is
difficult to produce ideal aerodynamic profiles
■ Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) blades are normally hand molded which makes it easier to
produce an optimum aerodynamic profile tailored to specific duty conditions. Because FRP
fans are light, they need a low starting torque requiring a lower HP motor, the lives of the gear
box, motor and bearing is increased, and maintenance is easier. 85-92% efficiency can be
achieved with blades with an aerodynamic profile, optimum twist, taper and a high
coefficient of lift to coefficient of drop ratio. However, this efficiency is drastically affected
by factors such as tip clearance, obstacles to airflow and inlet shape, etc.
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5. OPTION CHECKLIST
This section lists the most important options to improve energy efficiency of cooling towers.
■ Correct excessive and/or uneven fan blade tip clearance and poor fan balance
■ In old counter-flow cooling towers, replace old spray type nozzles with new square spray
nozzles that do not clog
■ Replace splash bars with self-extinguishing PVC cellular film fill
■ Install nozzles that spray in a more uniform water pattern
■ Clean plugged cooling tower distribution nozzles regularly
■ Balance flow to cooling tower hot water basins
■ Cover hot water basins to minimize algae growth that contributes to fouling
■ Optimize the blow down flow rate, taking into account the cycles of concentration (COC) limit.
■ Replace slat type drift eliminators with low-pressure drop, self-extinguishing PVC cellular
units.
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■ Keep the cooling water temperature to a minimum level by (a) segregating high heat loads
like furnaces, air compressors, DG sets and (b) isolating cooling towers from sensitive
applications like A/C plants, condensers of captive power plant etc. Note: A1°Ccooling water
temperature increase may increase the A/C compressor electricity cons umption by 2.7%. A
1°C drop in cooling water temperature can give a heat rate saving of 5 k Cal/kWh in a
thermal power plant.
■ Monitor approach, effectiveness and cooling capacity to continuously optimize the cooling
tower performance, but consider seasonal variations and side variations.
■ Monitor liquid to gas ratio and cooling water flow rates and amend these depending on the
design values and seasonal variations. For example: increase water loads during summer
and times when approach is high and increase air flow during monsoon times and when approach
is low.
■ Consider COC improvement measures for water savings
■ Consider energy efficient fiber reinforced plastic blade adoption for fan energy savings
■ Control cooling tower fans based on exit water temperatures especially in small units
■ Check cooling water pumps regularly to maximize their efficiency.
8. Conclusion:
First we concerned the meaning of cooling tower and knew each one how to use it, how it is installed,
and from which materials it is prepared.
Then identified the main two types of cooling tower and recognized the series of work of each one and its
uses.
Then the evaluation of the cooling tower work and how to increase the energy efficiency opportunities
have been discussed.
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COOLING TOWERS
COOLING TOWERS
for LIFE
About EVAPCO
EVAPCO for LIFE
EVAPCO is more than a name. We are the global in-
novator in heat transfer solutions for the commercial
HVAC, industrial refrigeration, power, and industrial
process markets. We pledge to make everyday life
easier, more comfortable, more reliable, and more
sustainable for people everywhere.
OUR COMMITMENT
We never stop innovating. We set out to find
groundbreaking solutions that transform the way the
world works for the better. It’s why we have more
than 50 active U.S. Patents and nearly 200 foreign
counterparts. We also guarantee performance by
putting every solution through rigorous research and
testing to ensure maximum efficiency and reliability.
PROTECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT
Innovation and environmental sustainability go hand-
in-hand at EVAPCO. Our industrial heat transfer
equipment not only conserves natural resources
and helps reduce noise pollution, but also features
recycled steel content in construction. Our stainless
steel units are constructed of panels that contain
up to 75% of recycled content and our galvanized
units contain over 80%. From sound reduction to
water conservation to chemical elimination, we are
developing new technologies that deliver ultimate
operating advantages to our clients while protecting
the planet for every generation to come.
2
THROUGH
THE YEARS
†
*
With customer satisfaction as our number one priority, we strive to provide you with the
best solution for every project.
AT
equipment to meet the needs of your application, all while
maintaining the latest industry standards.
ATLAS
The AT Atlas is a modular, induced draft,
Shorten lead
counterflow cooling tower. It is specifically
designed to match the capacity and efficiency
time by up
of a field-erected cooling tower with a factory- to 60%†
assembled approach. The Atlas features the same
high efficiency EVAPAK® fill as the reliable AT,
Benefit large tonnage KNOW
as well as our pressurized, corrosion-free PVC
applications > 4,000 tons
YOUR
water distribution system and maintenance-free Maximize available space
EvapJet™ nozzles. All Atlas units come standard by arriving in pre-assembled modules to
with our Water and Sight Tight (WST) air inlet reduce the need for assembly area onsite
louvers, plus an industrial gear drive with external Reduce installation costs†
motor mount.
*When †
When compared to field-erected cooling towers
compared Experience a cooling capacity increase of up to 60% per cell
to other factory-
assembled single cell
towers.
and fan power reduction up to 40%.*
AT
Reduce operating weight
and lifting guidelines
the stepped basin design provides lower operating
weight; reducing weight of heaviest section with
option to lift in 3 pieces
AXS
allows for easier mainte- Facilitate interior maintenance
nance of the cold water with large plenum
basin.
Replace existing crossflow
installations
4
FEATURES AND
APPLICATIONS
Gain opportunity for LEED points
additional deductions and credits possible
from federal and state governments
SUN
the added energy efficiency of permanently affixed solar
panels! The SUN tower is capable of Net-Zero annual
energy consumption with a custom SUN control panel.
Take advantage of the leading eco-friendly
technology in the industry.
LPT
Accommodate height
restricted applications
The LPT is a forced draft, counterflow
Satisfy sound requirements cooling tower, designed for indoor and ducted
multiple sound attenuation options are available
applications. Positioning the
Adapt to ducted and/or high centrifugal fan on the end of the
external static pressure applications basin and casing
sections allows for the
Provide freeze protection lowest profile design
with fill completely encased in steel,
there’s a lower chance of ice formation
of all our open towers,
making the LPT ideal for
TARGET
height restricted applica-
tions. The LPT features a
first stage sound
attenuating casing
around the fan section.
APPLICATIONS/
ADVANTAGES
5
THE AT ATLAS SERIES
Hot Saturated Discharge Air
Principle of Operation
This cutaway graphic of the AT Atlas illustrates the basic functionality Drift M
of our modular, induced draft, counterflow cooling tower. Hot water Eliminators
from the heat source is pumped to the water distribution system at Hot
Water
the top of the tower. The water is distributed over the wet deck fill In
EVAPAK® Fill
• Specially designed to induce a highly turbulent mix of air and water for
superior heat transfer
• Special drainage tips allow high water loadings without excessive pressure drops
• Bottom-supported cross-fluted sheets are bonded together to enhance
its structural integrity
• Usable as a working platform for internal access to the fan and drive system
6
OR AND DR
OT I
Exclusive 5 Year
VE
Motor and Drive
W Y
Warranty
ARRANT
Mechanical Equipment
• Only select suppliers specializing in cooling
tower products chosen to provide associated
fans, gearboxes, drive shafts, etc.
• Must meet strict quality control requirements
• Produces airflow necessary for peak thermal
performance
Access
• Removable louvers offer 360 degree basin
access for easy inspection and maintenance
*
Certified Thermal
Performance
Principle of Operation
Drift
Like the Atlas, the AT shares the functionality of an induced Eliminators Hot
Water
draft, counterflow cooling tower. Hot water from the heat In
source is pumped to the water distribution system at the
top of the tower. The water is distributed over the wet deck
fill by means of our EvapJet™ nozzles. Simultaneously, air is
drawn in through the air inlet louvers at the base of the tower
on all four sides and travels upward through the wet deck Cool Dry
Entering
fill opposite the water flow. The cooled water drains to the Air
VE
Motor and Drive
Warranty
W Y
ARRANT
EVAPAK® Fill
• Specially designed to induce a highly turbulent mix
of air and water for superior heat transfer
• Special drainage tips allow high water loadings
without excessive pressure drops
• Bottom-supported cross-fluted sheets are bonded
together to enhance its structural integrity
• Usable as a working platform for internal access to
the fan and drive system
**
Louver Access Door
• Hinged access panel with quick-release mechanism
• Allows easy access to perform routine maintenance and inspection of the
makeup assembly, strainer screen, and basin
• Standard on models with louvers 5 feet and taller
Certified Thermal Performance
**Mark owned by the Cooling Technology Institute
9
THE AXS SERIES
Principle of Operation
The induced draft, crossflow AXS collects warm water from the heat source in the water distribution
system at the top of the tower. The water is distributed over the wet deck fill through large orifice
nozzles. Simultaneously, air is drawn in through the air inlet louvers at the ends of the tower and
travels horizontally through the wet deck fill across the water flow. The cooled water drains to the
basin at the bottom of the tower and is returned to the heat source.
Hot Hot
Water Water
In In
Cooled
Water
Out
*
*
10
OR AND DR
OT I
Exclusive 5 Year
VE
Motor and Drive
Warranty
W Y
ARRANT
Bottom-Supported Fill
• Non-sagging
• Minimum 3” above basin floor
• Easy to clean under
• Allows room for optional sump
sweeper piping
11
THE LSTE SERIES
Hot Saturated Discharge Air
Drift
Eliminators
Hot
Water
Principle of Operation In
The forced draft, counterflow LSTE distributes water over the wet deck fill while simultaneously
forcing air through the air inlet at the base of the tower. This tower is especially suited to indoor
or ducted layouts due to its ability to handle external static pressure. This classic design is also
ideal for exact replacement projects. Cool
Dry
Entering
Cooled Air
Water
Out
EVAPAK® Fill
• Specially designed to induce a highly
turbulent mix of air and water for superior
heat transfer
• Special drainage tips allow high water
loadings without excessive pressure drops
• Bottom-supported cross-fluted sheets are
bonded together to enhance its structural
integrity
VE
W Y
ARRANT
Principle of Operation
Drift
Hot Eliminators
Water The forced draft, counterflow LPT follows the same principle of
In
operation as the LSTE, but with slight reconfiguration to better
Cool suit low profile applications.
Dry
Entering
Air
Cooled
Water
Out
Fan Housing
• Standard on all LPT series selections
• Drive system is completely enclosed in a protective housing
• First stage sound attenuation, providing sound reduction
VE
Titan-Pak fill media comes in a cross-fluted design and is constructed entirely of stainless steel, making it noncombustible.
Wide-Pak cross-fluted fill is often used in dirty water applications. It has a lower surface area than EVAPAK® fill; therefore, towers need
to be sized appropriately to account for the change in available capacity.
VERTICLEAN® vertical-fluted fill is often used in dirty water applications and can handle oil or greases in the system up to 5 ppm.
VERTICLEAN® fill has a lower surface area than the Wide-Pak fill; therefore, towers need to be sized appropriately to account for the
change in available capacity.
14
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
EVAPCO is committed to using only the highest quality, industrial grade materials in all our cooling towers ensuring
absolute reliability and longevity.
15
DRIVE SYSTEMS
Power-Band Drive System Design
EVAPCO Cooling Towers feature the highly efficient Power-Band drive system. The Power-Band drive system consistently
performs with trouble-free operation in the most severe conditions. The reliability of the drive system is backed by a Five
(5) Year complete drive system warranty.
Power-Band Belt
The Power-Band belt is a solid-backed multi-groove belt
designed for cooling tower service. The drive belt is sized
for 150 percent of the motor nameplate horsepower and
constructed of neoprene with polyester chords. Band belts
are field-proven with over 30 years of operation.
Power-Band Belt
Fan Shaft Bearings
For ultimate reliability, EVAPCO cooling towers come
equipped with heavy-duty, pillow block bearings. These fan
shaft bearings feature extended lubrication lines to grease
fittings located on the exterior of the unit for easy mainte-
nance. Additionally, they offer a minimum 100,000 hrs. L10
life.
Fan Motors
All EVAPCO cooling towers utilize fan motors designed
specifically for evaporative cooling applications, with space
heaters as standard. Premium efficient fan motors, which
are compatible with variable frequency drive (VFD)
systems, come standard on all cooling tower models.
TEAO Fan Motor
Alternative fan motor options are available as follows:
• Two speed single winding
• Two speed two winding
• Mill and chemical duty
• Explosion proof
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LOW SOUND SOLUTIONS
Super Low Sound Fan (Optional) Forced-Draft Sound Attenuation (Optional)
When you’re tasked with achieving the lowest sound EVAPCO’s forced-draft towers feature a centrifugal fan
levels possible, there’s only one choice: the EVAPCO design that operates at lower sound levels, making the units
Super Low Sound Fan. It’s the quietest, most noise-efficient ideal for installations where noise is a concern. The unit’s
fan in the industry. Made of heavy-duty reinforced polyester, design can be customized with a variety of intake stages and
the ultra-wide chord blades have a forward swept design and discharge attenuation packages to greatly reduce sound
rounded edges to minimize the sound caused by flow separa- levels even further for extremely noise sensitive applications.
tion and vortex shedding. The end result is a sound pressure
level 9 to 15 dB(A) lower than standard fans, depending on
the specific unit selection and measurement location, with no
impact on thermal capacity.
Water Silencer – Reduces Water Noise Offset Sound Attenuation Walls (Optional)
up to 7 dB(A) (Optional) Add EVAPCO’s CTI-certified offset sound attenuation walls
Located in the cold water basin, EVAPCO’s water silencer to your super low sound fan and water silencer options for
reduces the high frequency noise associated with falling water the ultimate sound control. Constructed of G-235 galva-
and is capable of lowering overall sound levels 4 to 7 dB(A) when nized steel and lined inside with acoustical padding, the
measured at 5 feet from the side or end of the unit. When water walls will typically reduce the 50-foot free-field sound level
is circulated with fans off, the results are even greater: as much as by an additional 3 dB(A). Stainless steel construction also
9 to 12 dB(A) lower at the same measured distance (depending available. Requires external support by others.
on water loading and louver height). Constructed of lightweight
PVC sections, the silencer can be easily removed for access to the AT Fan Discharge Attenuation (Optional)
basin area. It will have no impact on thermal performance and is
Up to 10 dB(A) Reduction
CTI certified. Note: Not available on 4-foot-wide models.
This options allows for further sound reduction of the unit.
The attenuator can be used with the standard AT fan or in
combination with the Low Sound or Super Low Sound Fan
option. The discharge attenuator is a factory-assembled
straight-sided discharge hood designed to reduce overall
discharge sound levels at full fan speed by 5 dB(A) to 10
dB(A), depending on specific unit selection and measure-
ment location with a minimal impact to thermal perfor-
mance. It is constructed of G-235 galvanized steel as
standard (options available for Type 304 stainless steel) and
includes insulated walls and a low pressure drop baffling
system that is acoustically lined with high density fiberglass.
The discharge attenuator is self-supported by the unit and
is shipped loose for field mounting. A heavy gauge, hot-dip
galvanized steel fan guard covers the discharge attenuator
to prevent debris from entering the attenuator.
17
WATER TREATMENT SOLUTIONS
Smart Shield®
Solid Chemical Water Treatment System
EVAPCO’s product innovation continues with the introduction of Smart
Shield® factory assembled solid chemistry water treatment for open
cooling systems. Smart Shield® is available in two unique skid-mounted
systems: Controlled Release and Monitored Release, to protect a broad
range of evaporative cooling water applications. In addition, these new
Smart Shield® systems incorporate a modular design to simplify installation
and minimize the floor space required in the mechanical room for the
water treatment of your evaporative cooling equipment.
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Engineered to Improve Water Efficiency
EVAPCO Water Saver™ utilizes capacitive deionization
technology to reduce dissolved ion concentration, thus
lowering the makeup water conductivity prior to use in an
evaporative cooling system. Makeup water entering the
Water Saver™ passes through individual cylinders which
contain oppositely charged supercapacitors. Dissolved
ions (except silica) are removed from the water as they are
absorbed onto the charged capacitors. A typical 50% ion
reduction allows the operating cycles of concentration to
be safely doubled without an increase in scale or corro-
sion potential.
US 7,175,783
US 9,193,612
Learn more about the Water Saver at evapco.com.
US 9,633,798
US 10,202,294
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WORLDWIDE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
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Research and
D
Development Center
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