ACA Ethical Standards Casebook 7th Edition
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Copyright © 2015 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States
Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
written permission of the publisher.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
American Counseling Association
5999 Stevenson Avenue • Alexandria, VA 22304
Associate Publisher Carolyn C. Baker
Production Manager Bonny E. Gaston
Copy Editor Kay Mikel
Editorial Assistant Catherine A. Brumley
Cover and text design by Bonny E. Gaston.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Herlihy, Barbara, author, editor.
ACA ethical standards casebook/Barbara Herlihy, Gerald Corey.—Seventh edition.
p. ; cm.
American Counseling Association ethical standards casebook
ACA ethical standards casebook / Barbara Herlihy, Gerald Corey [editors].
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-55620-321-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Corey, Gerald, author, editor. II. American Counseling Association, issuing
body. III. American Counseling Association. ACA ethical standards casebook.
Preceded by (work): IV. Title. V. Title: American Counseling Association ethical
standards casebook.
[DNLM: 1. American Counseling Association. 2. Counseling—standards—
United States—Practice Guideline. 3. Ethics, Professional—United States—Practice
Guideline. WM 55]
BF637.C6
174’.91583—dc23 2014008225
To our student readers—the next generation of
counseling professionals who will guide us
through uncharted waters.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ix
About the Authors xi
About the Contributors xiii
Making the Best Use of the Casebook xvii
Part I Introduction 1
Evolution of the ACA Ethical Standards
and the Casebook 4
Perry C. Francis
Foundations of Codes of Ethics 12
Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey
Developing a Personal Ethical Stance 15
The Ethical Decision-Making Process 15
A Review of Ethical Decision-Making Models 16
Melissa D. Deroche, Emeline Eckart, Earniesha Lott,
Candace N. Park, and Latrina Raddler
Elements of Ethical Decision Making 20
Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey
Enforcement of the ACA Code of Ethics 23
An Inventory of Your Attitudes and
Beliefs About Ethical Issues 25
Part II ACA Code of Ethics With Illustrative Vignettes 33
Section A
The Counseling Relationship 37
•v•
Table of Contents
Section B
Confidentiality and Privacy 55
Section C
Professional Responsibility 66
Section D
Relationships With Other Professionals 78
Section E
Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation 82
Section F
Supervision, Training, and Teaching 93
Section G
Research and Publication 114
Section H
Distance Counseling, Technology,
and Social Media 125
Section I
Resolving Ethical Issues 133
Part III Issues and Case Studies 139
Chapter 1
Client Rights and Informed Consent 143
Gerald Corey and Barbara Herlihy
Case Study 1: Keep Kendra’s Secret, or Not? 147
Kelly L. Wester
Case Study 2: A Minor (?) Client 150
J. Scott Young
Chapter 2
Social Justice and Counseling Across Cultures 155
Courtland C. Lee
Case Study 3: She’s Done This Before 162
William B. McKibben and Jodi L. Bartley
Case Study 4: Working With an
Immigrant Family 164
Laura M. Gonzalez
Chapter 3
Confidentiality 169
Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey
Case Study 5: The Slap—How to
Best Help Hope 176
Chris C. Lauer
• vi •
Table of Contents
Case Study 6: A Supervisee Feels Betrayed 179
Adria Shipp
Chapter 4
Competence 183
Gerald Corey and Barbara Herlihy
Case Study 7: I Feel Exhausted 187
Isabel A. Thompson
Case Study 8: Couples Counseling
Gone Wrong 189
Jennifer M. Johnson
Chapter 5
Managing Value Conflicts 193
Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey
Case Study 9: I’m Stuck 198
Anneliese A. Singh
Case Study 10: A Parental Dilemma:
Hastening the Death of a Child 202
Karen Swanson Taheri
Chapter 6
Counseling Minor Clients 205
Mark Salo
Case Study 11: A Legal Guardian Presses
for Confidential Information 207
Amanda Crawford
Case Study 12: A Pregnant Teenager:
A School Counselor’s Quandary 211
Danielle Shareef
Chapter 7
Managing Boundaries 215
Gerald Corey and Barbara Herlihy
Case Study 13: Disputing Unhealthy Beliefs
or Imposing Values? 223
Craig S. Cashwell and Tammy H. Cashwell
Case Study 14: If You Will Excuse Me 226
Matthew L. Lyons
Chapter 8
Working With Clients Who May Harm Themselves 231
James L. Werth Jr. and Jennifer Stroup
Case Study 15: Suicide or a Well-Reasoned
End-of-Life Decision? 237
James L. Werth Jr. and Jennifer Stroup
• vii •
Table of Contents
Case Study 16: A Suicidal Teenager 240
Robert E. Wubbolding
Chapter 9
Technology, Social Media, and
Online Counseling 245
Martin Jencius
Case Study 17: Making Social Media Decisions
for an Agency 254
Martin Jencius
Case Study 18: A Client’s Friend Request 256
Martin Jencius
Chapter 10
Supervision and Counselor Education 259
Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey
Case Study 19: Poor Supervision or
Impaired Student? 264
Edward Neukrug and Gina B. Polychronopoulos
Case Study 20: An Imposition of Values? 268
Alwin E. Wagener
Chapter 11
Research and Publication 273
Richard E. Watts
Case Study 21: Expert Review of a
Research Study 275
Richard E. Watts
Case Study 22: A Question of Authorship 277
Richard E. Watts
Chapter 12
The Intersection of Ethics and Law 281
Burt Bertram and Anne Marie “Nancy” Wheeler
Case Study 23: A Student Commits Suicide 283
Burt Bertram and Anne Marie “Nancy” Wheeler
Case Study 24: Good Intentions Go Awry 286
Burt Bertram and Anne Marie “Nancy” Wheeler
Highlights of Ethical Practice 289
References 293
Index 303
• viii •
Acknowledgments
This seventh edition of the Casebook is truly the product of the collabora-
tive efforts of many people over time.
Many individuals contributed to the development of the 2014 ACA Code
of Ethics. The ACA Ethics Revision Taskforce, chaired by Perry C. Francis,
worked from 2011 through 2013 to develop proposed revisions to the 2005
Code of Ethics. Many ACA members also gave helpful input during the
comment period for the draft of the Code. Although we cannot thank them
all by name, this is their book too.
We thank the following doctoral students at the University of New
Orleans who contributed many of the illustrative vignettes that appear
in Part II: Drew David, Melissa D. Deroche, Emeline Eckart, Angela E.
James, Earniesha Lott, Panagiotis Markopoulos, Candace N. Park, Latrina
Raddler, and Karen Swanson Taheri. They updated numerous vignettes
for standards that appeared in the 2005 Code of Ethics and created new
vignettes for standards that appeared for the first time in the 2014 Code,
particularly in Section H.
We appreciate the prerevision review of the prior edition of this book
with helpful feedback that we considered in the revision of this 7th edi-
tion. These people were Jane Rheineck, Dale-Elizabeth Pehrsson, and
Mee-Gaik Lim.
It has been a joy to work with the capable and conscientious publications
staff at ACA. Carolyn Baker’s prompt and careful attention throughout
the production process is greatly appreciated, as always. We thank Kay
Mikel for her skillful editing of this edition.
• ix •
About the Authors
Barbara Herlihy, PhD, LPC, LPC-S, is University Research Pro-
fessor in the Counselor Education graduate program at the University
of New Orleans. She has served on the ACA Ethics Committee as chair
(1987–89) and as a member (1986–87, 1993–94) and as a member of the
taskforces to revise the 1995 and 2005 ACA codes of ethics.
Dr. Herlihy is the coauthor of several books on ethical issues in coun-
seling: Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Counseling (2014) with
Ted Remley; the ACA Ethical Standards Casebook, 5th and 6th editions
(1996, 2006), Dual Relationships in Counseling (1992), and Boundary Is-
sues in Counseling: Multiple Roles and Relationships, 2nd and 3rd editions
(2006, 2015), all with Gerald Corey; and the ACA Ethical Standards Case-
book, 4th edition (1990) with Larry Golden. She is also the author or
coauthor of more than 65 journal articles and book chapters on ethics,
social justice and multicultural counseling, feminist therapy, and other
topics. She is the recipient of the Southern Association for Counselor
Education and Supervision Courtland Lee Social Justice Award and the
Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Distinguished
Mentor Award. She is a frequent presenter of seminars and workshops
on ethics across the United States and internationally, most recently in
Malta, Venezuela, and Mexico.
Gerald Corey, EdD, ABPP, NCC, is a Professor Emeritus of Human
Services and Counseling at California State University at Fullerton. He
is a Diplomate in Counseling Psychology, American Board of Profes-
sional Psychology; a licensed counseling psychologist; and a Fellow of
the American Counseling Association, the Association for Specialists
• xi •
About the Authors
in Group Work (ASGW), and the American Psychological Association,
in both Division 17 and Division 49. He is the recipient (with Mari-
anne Schneider Corey) of both the Lifetime Achievement Award from
the American Mental Health Counselors Association in 2011 and the
ASGW’s Eminent Career Award in 2001.
Dr. Corey has authored or coauthored 15 textbooks in counseling that
are currently in print, has made five educational DVD programs on
various aspects of counseling, and has written numerous journal ar-
ticles and book chapters. Some of his coauthored books include Issues
and Ethics in the Helping Professions (2015) with Marianne Schneider Co-
rey, Cindy Corey, and Patrick Callanan; Becoming a Helper (2016) and I
Never Knew I Had a Choice (2014), both with Marianne Schneider Corey;
and Groups: Process and Practice (2014) with Marianne Schneider Corey
and Cindy Corey. Some of his other books include Theory and Practice
of Counseling and Psychotherapy (2013) and Theory and Practice of Group
Counseling (2016). In the past 40 years the Coreys have conducted group
counseling training workshops for mental health professionals at many
universities in the United States as well as in Canada, Mexico, China,
Hong Kong, Korea, Germany, Belgium, Scotland, England, and Ireland.
• xii •
About the
Contributors
Jodi L. Bartley, MA, MEd, is a doctoral student in the Department of
Counseling and Educational Development at the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro.
Burt Bertram, PhD, is in private practice in Orlando, Florida, and is an ad-
junct faculty member in the Graduate Studies in Counseling Program
at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida.
Craig S. Cashwell, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Counseling
and Educational Development at the University of North Carolina at
Greensboro.
Tammy H. Cashwell, PhD, is Visiting Assistant Professor at Wake Forest
University.
Amanda Crawford, MS, is a middle school counselor who works in Aca-
dia, Montana.
Melissa D. Deroche, MEd, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Educa-
tion Program at the University of New Orleans.
Emeline Eckart, MS, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Education
Program at the University of New Orleans.
Perry C. Francis, EdD, is Professor and Counseling Clinic Coordinator at
Eastern Michigan University.
Laura M. Gonzalez, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of
Counseling and Educational Development at the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro.
Martin Jencius, PhD, is Associate Professor of Counseling at Kent State
University.
Jennifer M. Johnson, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Counselor Educa-
tion Program at the University of New Orleans.
• xiii •
About the Contributors
Chris C. Lauer, MS, is a graduate student in the master’s degree program
in counseling at the University of New Orleans.
Courtland C. Lee, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Counselling at
the University of Malta.
Earniesha Lott, MEd, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Education
Program at the University of New Orleans.
Matthew L. Lyons, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Counselor Educa-
tion Program at the University of New Orleans.
William B. McKibben, MS, is a doctoral student in the Department of
Counseling and Educational Development at the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro.
Edward Neukrug, EdD, is Professor of Counseling and Human Services
at Old Dominion University.
Candace N. Park, MA, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Education
Program at the University of New Orleans.
Gina B. Polychronopoulos, MS, MSEd, is a doctoral student in counselor
education and supervision at Old Dominion University.
Latrina Raddler, MEd, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Education
Program at the University of New Orleans.
Mark Salo, MEd, is a counselor at Sacajewea Middle School in Bozeman,
Montana.
Danielle Shareef, MEd (deceased), was a doctoral candidate in the Coun-
selor Education Program at the University of New Orleans.
Adria Shipp, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Counsel-
ing and Educational Development at the University of North Carolina
at Greensboro.
Anneliese A. Singh, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of
Counseling and Human Development Services at the University of
Georgia.
Jennifer Stroup, MS, is a doctoral student in counseling psychology at
Radford University.
Karen Swanson Taheri, MA, is a doctoral student in the Counselor Edu-
cation Program at the University of New Orleans.
Isabel A. Thompson, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Mental Health
Counseling Program at the Center for Psychological Studies at Nova
Southeastern University.
Alwin E. Wagener, MS, is a doctoral student in the Department of Coun-
seling and Educational Development at the University of North Caro-
lina at Greensboro.
Richard E. Watts, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor and Direc-
tor of the Doctoral Program in Counselor Education at Sam Houston
State University.
James L. Werth Jr., PhD, is Behavioral Health and Wellness Services Di-
rector for Stone Mountain Health Services headquartered in Penning-
ton Gap, Virginia.
• xiv •
About the Contributors
Kelly L. Wester, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Coun-
seling and Educational Development at the University of North Caro-
lina at Greensboro.
Anne Marie “Nancy” Wheeler, JD, is an attorney who operates the Risk
Management Service for the American Counseling Association; she
also is an affiliate faculty member with the Pastoral Counseling Gradu-
ate Program at Loyola University Maryland.
Robert E. Wubbolding, EdD, is Professor Emeritus of Counseling at Xavi-
er University, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Director of the Center for Reality
Therapy; he was Director of Training, William Glasser Institute, 1988
to 2011.
J. Scott Young, PhD, is Professor of Counselor Education in the Depart-
ment of Counseling and Educational Development at the University of
North Carolina at Greensboro.
• xv •
