(eBook PDF) Business Statistics A First Course,

6th Edition download

https://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-6th-edition/

Download full version ebook from https://ebooksecure.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebooksecure.com
to discover even more!

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics A First Course First

Canadian Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-first-canadian-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics A First Course 7th

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-7th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: A First Course 8th

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-8th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics A First Course 3rd

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-3rd-edition/
Business Statistics: A First Course 7th Edition (eBook
PDF)

http://ebooksecure.com/product/business-statistics-a-first-
course-7th-edition-ebook-pdf/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: A First Course, Global

Edition 8th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-global-edition-8th-edition/

(Original PDF) Business Statistics A First Course,

Second 2nd Canadian Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/original-pdf-business-statistics-
a-first-course-second-2nd-canadian-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: A First Course 3rd

Edition by Norean D. Sharpe

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-
first-course-3rd-edition-by-norean-d-sharpe/

(eBook PDF) First Course in Statistics A 11th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-first-course-in-
statistics-a-11th-edition/
Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Art Director: Steve Frim
Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Interior Designers: Dina Curro/Suzanne Behnke
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Chuck Synovec Cover Designer and Art: LCI Design
Editorial Project Manager: Mary Kate Murray Associate Media Project Manager, Editorial:
Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury Sarah Peterson
Director of Marketing: Maggie Moylan Media Project Manager, Production: John Cassar
Executive Marketing Manager: Anne Fahlgren Composition/Full-Service Project Management:
Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale PreMediaGlobal
Production Project Manager: Jane Bonnell Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville
Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix
Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Color/Hagerstown
Creative Director: Blair Brown Text Font: TimesNewRomanPS
Senior Art Director/Supervisor: Janet Slowik Technical Editor: David Stephan

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook
appear on the appropriate page within text.

Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained
in the documents and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and
related graphics are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby
disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of
merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement.
In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential
damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information
available from the services.

The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make
improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen
shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified.

Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other
countries. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.

Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall.
All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright,
and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson
Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you
may fax your request to 201-236-3290.

Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations
have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Levine, David M.
Business statistics : a first course / David M. Levine, Timothy C. Krehbiel, Mark L. Berenson.—6th ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-13-280726-5
1. Commercial statistics. 2. Industrial management—Statistical methods. I. Krehbiel, Timothy C.
II. Berenson, Mark L. III. Title.
HF1017.B382 2013
519.5—dc23 2011045734

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 10: 0-13-280726-2

ISBN 13: 978-0-13-280726-5
 To our wives,
Marilyn L., Patti K., and Rhoda B.

and to our children,

Sharyn, Ed, Rudy, Rhonda, Kathy, and Lori
About the Authors

Photo courtesy of Rudy Krehbiel

The textbook authors meet to discuss statistics at a Mets

baseball game. Shown left to right: David Levine, Mark
Berenson, and Tim Krehbiel.

David M. Levine is Professor Emeritus of Statistics and Computer Infor-

mation Systems at Baruch College (City University of New York). He received B.B.A. and
M.B.A. degrees in Statistics from City College of New York and a Ph.D. from New York
University in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research. He is nationally recognized
as a leading innovator in statistics education and is the co-author of 14 books, including
such best-selling statistics textbooks as Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel,
Basic Business Statistics: Concepts and Applications, Business Statistics: A First Course,
and Applied Statistics for Engineers and Scientists Using Microsoft Excel and Minitab.
He also is the co-author of Even You Can Learn Statistics: A Guide for Everyone Who Has
Ever Been Afraid of Statistics, currently in its 2nd edition, Six Sigma for Green Belts and
Champions and Design for Six Sigma for Green Belts and Champions, and the author of
Statistics for Six Sigma Green Belts, all published by FT Press, a Pearson imprint, and
Quality Management, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. He is also the author of Video
Review of Statistics and Video Review of Probability, both published by Video Aided
Instruction, and the statistics module of the MBA primer published by Cengage Learning.
He has published articles in various journals, including Psychometrika, The American
Statistician, Communications in Statistics, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative
Education, Multivariate Behavioral Research, Journal of Systems Management, Quality
Progress, and The American Anthropologist, and given numerous talks at the Decision
Sciences Institute (DSI), American Statistical Association (ASA), and Making Statistics
More Effective in Schools and Business (MSMESB) conferences. Levine has also received
several awards for outstanding teaching and curriculum development from Baruch College.

Timothy C. Krehbiel is Professor of Management and Senior Associate

Dean of the Farmer School of Business at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He teaches
undergraduate and graduate courses in business statistics. In 1996, he received the presti-
gious Instructional Innovation Award from the Decision Sciences Institute. He has also
vi
 ABOUT THE AUTHORS vii

received the Farmer School of Business Effective Educator Award and has twice been
named MBA professor of the year.
Krehbiel’s research interests span many areas of business and applied statistics. His work
has appeared in numerous journals, including Quality Management Journal, Ecological
Economics, International Journal of Production Research, Journal of Purchasing and
Supply Management, Journal of Applied Business Research, Journal of Marketing
Management, Communications in Statistics, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative
Education, Journal of Education for Business, Marketing Education Review, Journal of
Accounting Education, and Teaching Statistics. He is a co-author of three statistics text-
books published by Prentice Hall: Business Statistics: A First Course, Basic Business
Statistics, and Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel. Krehbiel is also a co-author
of the book Sustainability Perspectives in Business and Resources.
Krehbiel graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in history from McPherson College and
earned an M.S. and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wyoming.

Mark L. Berenson is Professor of Management and Information Systems at

Montclair State University (Montclair, New Jersey) and also Professor Emeritus of
Statistics and Computer Information Systems at Bernard M. Baruch College (City
University of New York). He currently teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in sta-
tistics and in operations management in the School of Business and an undergraduate
course in international justice and human rights that he co-developed in the College of
Humanities and Social Sciences.
Berenson received a B.A. in economic statistics and an M.B.A. in business statistics from
City College of New York and a Ph.D. in business from the City University of New York.
Berenson’s research has been published in Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative
Education, Review of Business Research, The American Statistician, Communications in
Statistics, Psychometrika, Educational and Psychological Measurement, Journal of
Management Sciences and Applied Cybernetics, Research Quarterly, Stats Magazine, The
New York Statistician, Journal of Health Administration Education, Journal of Behavioral
Medicine, and Journal of Surgical Oncology. His invited articles have appeared in The
Encyclopedia of Measurement & Statistics and Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. He is
co-author of 11 statistics texts published by Prentice Hall, including Statistics for
Managers Using Microsoft Excel, Basic Business Statistics: Concepts and Applications,
and Business Statistics: A First Course.
Over the years, Berenson has received several awards for teaching and for innovative con-
tributions to statistics education. In 2005, he was the first recipient of The Catherine A.
Becker Service for Educational Excellence Award at Montclair State University.
This page intentionally left blank
Brief Contents
Preface xix
1 Introduction 2
2 Organizing and Visualizing Data 24
3 Numerical Descriptive Measures 92
4 Basic Probability 140
5 Discrete Probability Distributions 176
6 The Normal Distribution 200
7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions 226
8 Confidence Interval Estimation 256
9 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Tests 294
10 Two-Sample Tests and One-Way ANOVA 334
11 Chi-Square Tests 402
12 Simple Linear Regression 430
13 Multiple Regression 486
Online Chapter: 14 Statistical Applications in Quality Management
Appendices A–G 523
Self-Test Solutions and Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Problems 567
Index 589

ix
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Preface xix ORGANIZING DATA 27
2.2 Organizing Categorical Data 28
The Summary Table 28
The Contingency Table 28

1 Introduction 2 2.3 Organizing Numerical Data 31

Stacked and Unstacked Data 31
USING STATISTICS @ GT & M Holdings 3 The Ordered Array 32
The Frequency Distribution 33
1.1 Reading, Writing, and Statistics? 4
The Relative Frequency Distribution and the Percentage
1.2 Statistics: Fundamental for Business 4 Distribution 35
How Statistics Has Become So Important 5 The Cumulative Distribution 36
Reconsidering the GT&M Holdings Scenario-I 5
VISUALIZING DATA 39
1.3 Data and Variables 6
2.4 Visualizing Categorical Data 39
Types of Variables 6
The Bar Chart 40
1.4 Basic Vocabulary of Statistics 7 The Pie Chart 41
1.5 Statistical Applications for Desktop Computing 9 The Pareto Chart 42
1.6 How to Use This Book 10 The Side-by-Side Bar Chart 44
Checklist for Getting Started 10 2.5 Visualizing Numerical Data 47
USING STATISTICS @ GT&M Holdings Revisited 12 The Stem-and-Leaf Display 47
SUMMARY 12 The Histogram 48
KEY TERMS 12
The Percentage Polygon 49
The Cumulative Percentage Polygon (Ogive) 51
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 12
END-OF-CHAPTER CASES 14
2.6 Visualizing Two Numerical Variables 54
The Scatter Plot 54
LEARNING WITH THE DIGITAL CASES 14
The Time-Series Plot 56
REFERENCES 15
2.7 Organizing Multidimensional Data 58
CHAPTER 1 EXCEL GUIDE 16
Multidimensional Contingency Tables 58
EG1.1 Getting Started with Excel 16 Adding Numerical Variables 59
EG1.2 Entering Data and Variable Type 17
EG1.3 Opening and Saving Workbooks 17 2.8 Misuses and Common Errors in Visualizing Data 61
EG1.4 Creating and Copying Worksheets 18 USING STATISTICS @ Choice Is Yours, Part I Revisited 64
EG1.5 Printing Worksheets 18 SUMMARY 65
EG1.6 Worksheet Entries and References 19 KEY EQUATIONS 65
EG1.7 Absolute and Relative Cell References 20 KEY TERMS 66
EG1.8 Entering Formulas into Worksheets 20 CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 66
EG1.9 Using Appendices D and F 20 MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 72
CHAPTER 1 MINITAB GUIDE 21 DIGITAL CASE 73
MG1.1 Getting Started With Minitab 21 REFERENCES 73
MG1.2 Entering Data and Variable Type 21
CHAPTER 2 EXCEL GUIDE 74
MG1.3 Opening and Saving Worksheets
and Projects 22
EG2.2 Organizing Categorical Data 74
MG1.4 Creating and Copying Worksheets 23 EG2.3 Organizing Numerical Data 76
MG1.5 Printing Parts of a Project 23 EG2.4 Visualizing Categorical Data 78
MG1.6 Worksheet Entries and References 23 EG2.5 Visualizing Numerical Data 80
EG2.6 Visualizing Two Numerical Variables 82
MG1.7 Using Appendices D and F 23
EG2.7 Organizing Multidimensional Data 83
CHAPTER 2 MINITAB GUIDE 85
2 Organizing and MG2.2 Organizing Categorical Data 85
MG2.3 Organizing Numerical Data 85
Visualizing Data 24 MG2.4 Visualizing Categorical Data 86
MG2.5 Visualizing Numerical Data 87
USING STATISTICS @ Choice Is Yours, Part I 25 MG2.6 Visualizing Two Numerical Variables 90
2.1 Data Collection 26 MG2.7 Organizing Multidimensional Data 91
xi
xii CONTENTS

3 Numerical Descriptive 4 Basic Probability 140

Measures 92 USING STATISTICS @ M&R Electronics World 141
4.1 Basic Probability Concepts 142
USING STATISTICS @ Choice Is Yours, Part II 93
Events and Sample Spaces 143
3.1 Central Tendency 94
Contingency Tables and Venn Diagrams 144
The Mean 94
Simple Probability 145
The Median 96
Joint Probability 146
The Mode 97
Marginal Probability 146
3.2 Variation and Shape 98 General Addition Rule 147
The Range 98
The Variance and the Standard Deviation 99
4.2 Conditional Probability 151
The Coefficient of Variation 103 Computing Conditional Probabilities 151
Z Scores 104 Decision Trees 152
Shape 105 Independence 154
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS: Exploring Descriptive Multiplication Rules 155
Statistics 107 Marginal Probability Using the General Multiplication
Rule 156
3.3 Exploring Numerical Data 109
Quartiles 109 4.3 Bayes’ Theorem 159
The Interquartile Range 111 THINK ABOUT THIS: Divine Providence and Spam 162
The Five-Number Summary 111 4.4 Counting Rules 163
The Boxplot 113 Counting Rule 1 163
3.4 Numerical Descriptive Measures for a Population 116 Counting Rule 2 164
The Population Mean 117 Counting Rule 3 164
The Population Variance and Standard Deviation 117 Counting Rule 4 165
The Empirical Rule 118 Counting Rule 5 165
The Chebyshev Rule 119 4.5 Ethical Issues and Probability 167
3.5 The Covariance and the Coefficient of USING STATISTICS @ M&R Electronics World Revisited 168
Correlation 121 SUMMARY 168
The Covariance 121
KEY EQUATIONS 168
The Coefficient of Correlation 123
KEY TERMS 169
3.6 Descriptive Statistics: Pitfalls and Ethical
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 169
Issues 127
DIGITAL CASE 171
USING STATISTICS @ Choice Is Yours, Part II Revisited 127
REFERENCES 172
SUMMARY 128
CHAPTER 4 EXCEL GUIDE 173
KEY EQUATIONS 128
EG4.1 Basic Probability Concepts 173
KEY TERMS 129
EG4.2 Conditional Probability 173
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 129 EG4.3 Bayes’ Theorem 173
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 134 EG4.4 Counting Rules 174
DIGITAL CASE 134 CHAPTER 4 MINITAB GUIDE 174
REFERENCES 134 MG4.1 Basic Probability Concepts 174
CHAPTER 3 EXCEL GUIDE 135 MG4.2 Conditional Probability 174
EG3.1 Central Tendency 135 MG4.3 Bayes’ Theorem 174
EG3.2 Variation and Shape 135 MG4.4 Counting Rules 174
EG3.3 Exploring Numerical Data 136
EG3.4 Numerical Descriptive Measures for a
Population 136
EG3.5 The Covariance and the Coefficient of
Correlation 137
5 Discrete Probability
CHAPTER 3 MINITAB GUIDE 137 Distributions 176
MG3.1 Central Tendency 137
MG3.2 Variation and Shape 137 USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home Improvement 177
MG3.3 Exploring Numerical Data 138 5.1 The Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random
MG3.4 Numerical Descriptive Measures for a Variable 178
Population 138 Expected Value of a Discrete Random Variable 178
MG3.5 The Covariance and the Coefficient of Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random
Correlation 138 Variable 179
 CONTENTS xiii

5.2 Binomial Distribution 182

5.3 Poisson Distribution 189 7 Sampling and Sampling
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home Improvement Distributions 226
Revisited 193
SUMMARY 193 USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals 227
KEY EQUATIONS 193 7.1 Types of Sampling Methods 228
KEY TERMS 194 Simple Random Samples 229
Systematic Samples 231
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 194
Stratified Samples 231
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 196 Cluster Samples 232
REFERENCES 196 7.2 Evaluating Survey Worthiness 233
CHAPTER 5 EXCEL GUIDE 197 Survey Error 233
EG5.1 The Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Ethical Issues 234
Variable 197 THINK ABOUT THIS: New Media Surveys/Old Sampling
EG5.2 Binomial Distribution 197 Problem 234
EG5.3 Poisson Distribution 197 7.3 Sampling Distributions 236
CHAPTER 5 MINITAB GUIDE 198 7.4 Sampling Distribution of the Mean 236
MG5.1 The Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random The Unbiased Property of the Sample Mean 236
Variable 198 Standard Error of the Mean 238
MG5.2 Binomial Distribution 199 Sampling from Normally Distributed Populations 239
MG5.3 Poisson Distribution 199 Sampling from Non-Normally Distributed Populations—
The Central Limit Theorem 242
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS: Exploring Sampling Distributions 243
7.5 Sampling Distribution of the Proportion 245
6 The Normal Distribution 200 USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals Revisited 248
SUMMARY 248
USING STATISTICS @ OurCampus! 201
KEY EQUATIONS 248
6.1 Continuous Probability Distributions 202
KEY TERMS 249
6.2 The Normal Distribution 202 CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 249
Computing Normal Probabilities 204
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 251
THINK ABOUT THIS: What Is Normal? 212
DIGITAL CASE 251
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS: Exploring the Normal
Distribution 213 REFERENCES 252

6.3 Evaluating Normality 214 CHAPTER 7 EXCEL GUIDE 253

Comparing Data Characteristics to Theoretical EG7.1 Types of Sampling Methods 253
Properties 215 EG7.2 Evaluating Survey Worthiness 253
Constructing the Normal Probability EG7.3 Sampling Distributions 253
Plot 216 EG7.4 Sampling Distribution of the Mean 253
USING STATISTICS @ OurCampus! Revisited 219 EG7.5 Sampling Distribution of the Proportion 254
SUMMARY 219 CHAPTER 7 MINITAB GUIDE 254
KEY EQUATIONS 219 MG7.1 Types of Sampling Methods 254
KEY TERMS 220
MG7.2 Evaluating Survey Worthiness 255
MG7.3 Sampling Distributions 255
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 220
MG7.4 Sampling Distribution of the Mean 255
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 222
DIGITAL CASE 222
REFERENCES 222 8 Confidence Interval
CHAPTER 6 EXCEL GUIDE 223
EG6.1 Continuous Probability
Estimation 256
Distributions 223 USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home Improvement 257
EG6.2 The Normal Distribution 223
8.1 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean
EG6.3 Evaluating Normality 223 (s Known) 258
CHAPTER 6 MINITAB GUIDE 224 Can You Ever Know the Population Standard
MG6.1 Continuous Probability Deviation? 263
Distributions 224
8.2 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
MG6.2 The Normal Distribution 224 Mean (s Unknown) 264
MG6.3 Evaluating Normality 224 Student’s t Distribution 264
xiv CONTENTS

Properties of the t Distribution 265 9.5 Potential Hypothesis-Testing Pitfalls and Ethical Issues 323
The Concept of Degrees of Freedom 266 Statistical Significance Versus Practical Significance 323
The Confidence Interval Statement 266 Reporting of Findings 323
8.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Proportion 272 Ethical Issues 324
8.4 Determining Sample Size 275 USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals, Part II Revisited 324
Sample Size Determination for the Mean 275 SUMMARY 325
Sample Size Determination for the Proportion 277 KEY EQUATIONS 325
8.5 Confidence Interval Estimation and Ethical Issues 281 KEY TERMS 325
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home Improvement CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 325
Revisited 282 MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 328
SUMMARY 282 DIGITAL CASE 328
KEY EQUATIONS 283
REFERENCES 328
KEY TERMS 283
CHAPTER 9 EXCEL GUIDE 329
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 283 EG9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis-Testing Methodology 329
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 287 EG9.2 t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (s Unknown) 329
DIGITAL CASE 288 EG9.3 One-Tail Tests 330
REFERENCES 288 EG9.4 Z Test of Hypothesis for the Proportion 331
CHAPTER 8 EXCEL GUIDE 289 CHAPTER 9 MINITAB GUIDE 332
EG8.1 Confidence Interval Estimate for the MG9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis-Testing Methodology 332
Mean (s Known) 289 MG9.2 t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (s Unknown) 332
EG8.2 Confidence Interval Estimate for the MG9.3 One-Tail Tests 332
Mean (s Unknown) 289
MG9.4 Z Test of Hypothesis for the Proportion 333
EG8.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Proportion 290
EG8.4 Determining Sample Size 290
CHAPTER 8 MINITAB GUIDE 291
MG8.1 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
10 Two-Sample Tests and
Mean (s Known) 291 One-Way ANOVA 334
MG8.2 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Mean (s Unknown) 292 USING STATISTICS @ BLK Beverages 335
MG8.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Proportion 292 10.1 Comparing the Means of Two Independent
MG8.4 Determining Sample Size 293 Populations 336
Pooled-Variance t Test for the Difference Between Two
Means 336
9 Fundamentals of Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference Between
Two Means 341
Hypothesis Testing: t Test for the Difference Between Two Means Assuming
Unequal Variances 342
One-Sample Tests 294 THINK ABOUT THIS: “This Call May Be Monitored ... ” 342

USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals, Part II 295

10.2 Comparing the Means of Two Related Populations 345
Paired t Test 346
9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis-Testing Methodology 296
Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean Difference 352
The Null and Alternative Hypotheses 296
The Critical Value of the Test Statistic 297
10.3 Comparing the Proportions of Two Independent
Populations 354
Regions of Rejection and Nonrejection 298
Z Test for the Difference Between Two Proportions 354
Risks in Decision Making Using Hypothesis Testing 298
Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference Between
Hypothesis Testing Using the Critical Value Approach 301 Two Proportions 358
Hypothesis Testing Using the p-Value Approach 303
10.4 F Test for the Ratio of Two Variances 361
A Connection Between Confidence Interval Estimation and
Hypothesis Testing 306 10.5 One-Way Analysis of Variance 366
Can You Ever Know the Population Standard Deviation? 306 One-Way ANOVA F Test for Differences Among More
Than Two Means 366
9.2 t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (s Unknown) 308
Multiple Comparisons: The Tukey-Kramer Procedure 372
The Critical Value Approach 308
ANOVA Assumptions 374
The p-Value Approach 310
Levene Test for Homogeneity of Variance 375
Checking the Normality Assumption 310
9.3 One-Tail Tests 314 USING STATISTICS @ BLK Beverages Revisited 380
The Critical Value Approach 315 SUMMARY 380
The p-Value Approach 316 KEY EQUATIONS 381
9.4 Z Test of Hypothesis for the Proportion 319 KEY TERMS 382
The Critical Value Approach 320 CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 383
The p-Value Approach 321 MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 387
 CONTENTS xv
DIGITAL CASE 388 The Least-Squares Method 435
REFERENCES 389 Predictions in Regression Analysis:
CHAPTER 10 EXCEL GUIDE 390 Interpolation Versus Extrapolation 437
EG10.1 Comparing the Means of Two Independent Computing the Y Intercept, b0 and the Slope, b1 438
Populations 390 VISUAL EXPLORATIONS: Exploring Simple Linear Regression
EG10.2 Comparing the Means of Two Related Coefficients 440
Populations 392 12.3 Measures of Variation 443
EG10.3 Comparing the Proportions of Two Independent Computing the Sum of Squares 443
Populations 393 The Coefficient of Determination 444
EG10.4 F Test for the Ratio of Two Variances 394 Standard Error of the Estimate 446
EG10.5 One-Way Analysis of Variance 395 12.4 Assumptions 448
CHAPTER 10 MINITAB GUIDE 398 12.5 Residual Analysis 449
MG10.1 Comparing the Means of Two Independent Evaluating the Assumptions 449
Populations 398
12.6 Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
MG10.2 Comparing the Means of Two Related Statistic 453
Populations 398
Residual Plots to Detect Autocorrelation 453
MG10.3 Comparing the Proportions of Two Independent
Populations 399 The Durbin-Watson Statistic 454
MG10.4 F Test for the Ratio of Two Variances 399 12.7 Inferences About the Slope and Correlation
MG10.5 One-Way Analysis of Variance 400 Coefficient 457
t Test for the Slope 458
F Test for the Slope 459
11 Chi-Square Tests 402 Confidence Interval Estimate for
the Slope 460
USING STATISTICS @ T.C. Resort Properties 403 t Test for the Correlation Coefficient 461
11.1 Chi-Square Test for the Difference Between Two 12.8 Estimation of Mean Values and Prediction of Individual
Proportions 404 Values 464
The Confidence Interval Estimate 465
11.2 Chi-Square Test for Differences Among More Than Two
Proportions 411 The Prediction Interval 466
11.3 Chi-Square Test of Independence 415 12.9 Pitfalls in Regression 468
THINK ABOUT THIS: By Any Other Name 471
USING STATISTICS @ T.C. Resort Properties Revisited 421
USING STATISTICS @ Sunflowers Apparel
SUMMARY 421
Revisited 471
KEY EQUATIONS 422
SUMMARY 472
KEY TERMS 422
KEY EQUATIONS 473
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 423
KEY TERMS 474
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 425
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 474
DIGITAL CASE 426
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
REFERENCES 426 SERVICES 479
CHAPTER 11 EXCEL GUIDE 427 DIGITAL CASE 479
EG11.1 Chi-Square Test for the Difference Between REFERENCES 480
Two Proportions 427
CHAPTER 12 EXCEL GUIDE 481
EG11.2 Chi-Square Test for Differences Among More EG12.1 Types of Regression Models 481
Than Two Proportions 427
EG12.2 Determining the Simple Linear Regression
EG11.3 Chi-Square Test of Independence 428 Equation 481
CHAPTER 11 MINITAB GUIDE 429 EG12.3 Measures of Variation 482
MG11.1 Chi-Square Test for the Difference Between Two EG12.4 Assumptions 482
Proportions 429 EG12.5 Residual Analysis 482
MG11.2 Chi-Square Test for Differences Among More EG12.6 Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
Than Two Proportions 429 Statistic 482
MG11.3 Chi-Square Test of Independence 429 EG12.7 Inferences About the Slope and Correlation
Coefficient 483
EG12.8 Estimation of Mean Values and Prediction
12 Simple Linear of Individual Values 483
CHAPTER 12 MINITAB GUIDE 484
Regression 430 MG12.1 Types of Regression Models 484
MG12.2 Determining the Simple Linear Regression
USING STATISTICS @ Sunflowers Apparel 431 Equation 484
12.1 Types of Regression Models 432 MG12.3 Measures of Variation 484
12.2 Determining the Simple Linear Regression MG12.4 Assumptions 484
Equation 434 MG12.5 Residual Analysis 484
xvi CONTENTS

MG12.6 Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson

Statistic 485 Online Chapter:
MG12.7 Inferences About the Slope and Correlation
Coefficient 485
14 Statistical Applications
MG12.8 Estimation of Mean Values and Prediction
of Individual Values 485
in Quality Management
USING STATISTICS @ Beachcomber Hotel
14.1 The Theory of Control Charts
13 Multiple Regression 486 14.2 Control Chart for the Proportion: The p Chart
14.3 The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process
USING STATISTICS @ OmniFoods 487 Variability
13.1 Developing a Multiple Regression Model 488 14.4 Control Charts for the Range and the Mean
Visualizing Multiple Regression Data 488 The R Chart
Interpreting the Regression Coefficients 488 The X Chart
Predicting the Dependent Variable Y 491 14.5 Total Quality Management
13.2 r2, Adjusted r2, and the Overall F Test 494 14.6 Six Sigma
Coefficient of Multiple Determination 494 The DMAIC Model
Adjusted r2 495
Roles in a Six Sigma Organization
Test for the Significance of the Overall Multiple
Regression Model 495 USING STATISTICS @ Beachcomber Hotel Revisited
13.3 Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression SUMMARY
Model 498 KEY EQUATIONS
13.4 Inferences Concerning the Population Regression KEY TERMS
Coefficients 500 CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS
Tests of Hypothesis 500 THE HARNSWELL SEWING MACHINE COMPANY CASE
Confidence Interval Estimation 501 MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES
13.5 Using Dummy Variables and Interaction Terms in REFERENCES
Regression Models 503 CHAPTER 14 EXCEL GUIDE
Dummy variables 503 EG14.1 The Theory of Control Charts
Interactions 505 EG14.2 Control Chart for the Proportion: The p Chart
USING STATISTICS @ OmniFoods Revisited 510 EG14.3 The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding
SUMMARY 510 Process Variability
KEY EQUATIONS 512 EG14.4 Control Charts for the Range and the Mean
KEY TERMS 512 CHAPTER 14 MINITAB GUIDE

CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 512

MG14.1 The Theory of Control Charts
MG14.2 Control Chart for the Proportion: The p Chart
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 516 MG14.3 The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding
Process Variability
DIGITAL CASE 516
MG14.4 Control Charts for the Range and the Mean
REFERENCES 516
CHAPTER 13 EXCEL GUIDE 517 Appendices 523
EG13.1 Developing a Multiple Regression A. Basic Math Concepts and Symbols 524
Model 517
EG13.2 r2, Adjusted r2, and the Overall F Test 518 A.1 Rules for Arithmetic Operations 524
EG13.3 Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression A.2 Rules for Algebra: Exponents and Square Roots 524
Model 518 A.3 Rules for Logarithms 525
EG13.4 Inferences Concerning the Population Regression A.4 Summation Notation 526
Coefficients 519
EG13.5 Using Dummy Variables and Interaction Terms A.5 Statistical Symbols 529
in Regression Models 519 A.6 Greek Alphabet 529
CHAPTER 13 MINITAB GUIDE 520 B. Basic Computing Skills 530
MG13.1 Developing a Multiple Regression B.1 Objects in a Window 530
Model 520
MG13.2 r2, Adjusted r2, and the Overall F Test 521 B.2 Basic Mouse Operations 531
MG13.3 Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression B.3 Dialog Box Interactions 531
Model 521 B.4 Unique Features 533
MG13.4 Inferences Concerning the Population Regression C. Online Resources 534
Coefficients 521
MG13.5 Using Dummy Variables and Interaction Terms C.1 About The Online Resources for This Book 534
in Regression Models 521 C.2 Accessing the Online Resources 534
 CONTENTS xvii

C.3 Accessing the MyStatLab Course Online 534 E.8 Control Chart Factors 558
C.4 Details of Downloadable Files 535 E.9 The Standardized Normal Distribution 559
D. Software Configuration Details 540 F. Additional Excel Procedures 560
D.1 Checking for and Applying Updates 540 F.1 Enhancing Workbook Presentation 560
D.2 Concise Instructions for Installing PHStat2 540 F.2 Useful Keyboard Shortcuts 561
D.3 Configuring Excel for PHStat2 Usage 541 F.3 Verifying Formulas and Worksheets 562
D.4 Using the Visual Explorations Add-in F.4 Chart Formatting 562
Workbook 543 F.5 Creating Histograms for Discrete Probability
D.5 Checking for the Presence of the Analysis Distributions 563
ToolPak 543 F.6 Pasting with Paste Special 563
E. Tables 544 G. PHStat2, Excel, and Minitab FAQs 565
E.1 Table of Random Numbers 545 G.1 PHStat2 FAQs 565
E.2 The Cumulative Standardized Normal G.2 Excel FAQs 565
Distribution 547
G.3 FAQs for Minitab 566
E.3 Critical Values of t 548
E.4 Critical Values of x2 550
E.5 Critical values of F 551 Self-Test Solutions and Answers to Selected
E.6 Critical Values of the Studentized Range, Q 555 Even-Numbered Problems 567
E.7 Critical Values dL and dU of the Durbin-Watson
Statistic, D 557 Index 589
This page intentionally left blank
Preface
Educational Philosophy
Seeking ways to continuously improve the teaching of business statistics is the core value that
guides our works. We actively participate in Decision Sciences Institute (DSI), American Statistical
Association (ASA), and Making Statistics More Effective in Schools and Business (MSMESB)
conferences. We use the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction (GAISE) reports as well as our
reflections on teaching business statistics to a diverse student body at several large universities.
These experiences have helped us identify the following key principles:

1. Show students the relevance of statistics Students need a frame of reference when learning
statistics, especially when statistics is not their major. That frame of reference for business
students should be the functional areas of business, such as accounting, finance, information
systems, management, and marketing. Each statistics topic needs to be presented in an
applied context related to at least one of these functional areas. The focus in teaching each
topic should be on its application in business, the interpretation of results, the evaluation of
the assumptions, and the discussion of what should be done if the assumptions are violated.
2. Familiarize students with the statistical applications used in the business world
Integrating these programs into all aspects of an introductory statistics course allows the
course to focus on interpretation of results instead of computations. Introductory business sta-
tistics courses should recognize that programs with statistical functions are commonly found
on a business decision maker’s desktop computer, therefore making the interpretation of
results more important than the tedious hand calculations required to produce them.
3. Provide clear instructions to students for using statistical applications Books should
explain clearly how to use programs such as Excel and Minitab with the study of statistics,
without having those instructions dominate the book or distract from the learning of statisti-
cal concepts.
4. Give students ample practice in understanding how to apply statistics to business Both
classroom examples and homework exercises should involve actual or realistic data as much as
possible. Students should work with data sets, both small and large, and be encouraged to look
beyond the statistical analysis of data to the interpretation of results in a managerial context.

New to This Edition: Enhanced Statistical Coverage

This 6th edition of Business Statistics: A First Course builds on previous editions with these new
and enhanced features:
• The use of the DCOVA (Define, Collect, Organize, Visualize, and Analyze) framework as an
integrated approach for applying statistics to help solve business problems.
• Many new applied examples and exercises, with data from The Wall Street Journal, USA
Today, and other sources.
• “Managing Ashland MultiComm Services,” a new integrated case that appears at the ends of
chapters throughout the book (replacing the Springville Herald case).
• “Digital Cases,” interactive PDF files that create a new series of cases that appear at the
ends of chapters throughout the book (replacing the Web Cases).
• An expanded discussion of using Excel and Minitab to summarize and explore multidimen-
sional data.
• Revised and updated “Think About This” essays (formerly entitled “From the Author’s
Desktop”) that provide greater insight into what has just been learned and raise important
issues about the application of statistical knowledge.
• Additional in-chapter Excel and Minitab results.

xix
xx PREFACE

New to This Edition: Expanded Excel and Minitab Guides

In this 6th edition of Business Statistics: A First Course, the instructions for using Excel and
Minitab have been revised, reorganized, and enhanced in new end-of-chapter guides and back-of-the
book appendices. These sections support students by:
• Providing a readiness checklist and orientation that guide students through the process of get-
ting ready to use Excel or Minitab (see Chapter 1 and the Chapter 1 Excel and Minitab Guides).
• Incorporating Excel Guide workbooks that serve as models and templates for using Excel for
statistical problem solving. These free and reusable workbooks, annotated examples of
which appear throughout the chapters of this book, can be used by students in their other
courses or in their jobs.
• Allowing students to use Excel with or without PHStat2 and with or without the Analysis
ToolPak (an Excel component that is not available in Mac Excel 2008).
• Expanding the scope of Minitab Guide instructions.
• Reviewing common operations, such as opening, saving, and printing results (see Chapter 1
Excel and Minitab Guides).
• Explaining the different types of files available online that support this book and how to
download those files (Appendix C).
• Providing a separate appendix that discusses software configuration issues, including how to
check for Excel and Minitab updates and how to configure Excel for use with PHStat2 or the
Analysis ToolPak (Appendix D).
• An appendix that discusses formatting and other intermediate-level Excel operations
(Appendix F).
• Answering frequently asked questions about Excel, PHStat2, the Pearson statistical add-in
for Microsoft Windows–based Excel versions, and Minitab (the new Appendix G).
• In Appendix Section C.4, offering a complete list of all downloadable files for this book. (See
“Student Resources” on page xxii for more details about the files and programs that can be
downloaded.)

Chapter-by-Chapter Changes in the 6th Edition

The 6th edition features Excel and Minitab Guides at the end of each chapter that replace the software
appendices of the previous edition. Organized by in-chapter subsections for easy cross-reference,
these new guides contain an expanded discussion of how to apply Excel and Minitab to the statistical
methods discussed in a chapter. The Excel Guides present instructions for using Excel without
employing an add-in (In-Depth Excel); instructions for using PHStat2, the add-in that allows students
to focus on the results that Excel creates; and, when appropriate, instructions for using the Analysis
ToolPak, the Microsoft Office add-in that is included in most versions of Excel. The Minitab Guides
have been greatly expanded to better match the scope of the material covered by the Excel Guides.
The 6th edition also contains a number of other global changes. End-of-chapter Digital Cases that
use interactive PDF documents update and replace the Web Cases. A new integrated case, “Managing
Ashland MultiComm Services,” replaces the “Managing the Springville Herald” case in Chapters 2, 3,
5, 6, 7, and 9 through 13. End-of-chapter summaries and roadmaps have been enhanced in selected
chapters. And Appendices B through D and F and G have been revised and reorganized to provide
enhanced help for students seeking answers to questions about using the software and online resources
for this book. Highlights of the changes to the individual chapters are as follows:
Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 and 1.2 have been rewritten to focus on the increasing role of statistics in
business. The 5th edition’s Section 1.5 has been moved to Chapter 2. Section 1.4 has been rewrit-
ten and retitled “How to Use This Book” and now includes the “Checklist for Getting Started”
(with Excel or Minitab). There are new undergraduate and graduate surveys.
Chapter 2 This chapter has been completely reorganized. Section 1.5 of the previous edition, “Data
Collection,” has been moved to this chapter. This chapter opens by introducing the DCOVA approach
(for Define, Collect, Organize, Visualize, and Analyze) for solving business problems. The material
on tables and charts has been reorganized so that the sections on organizing data into tables is pre-
sented first, in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, followed by sections on visualizing data in graphs in Sections
2.4–2.7. There is a new section on organizing multidimensional data (Section 2.7) and new Excel and
 PREFACE xxi

Minitab Guide sections that discuss multidimensional data. There are also new examples throughout
the chapter, and the chapter uses a new data set that contains a sample of 184 bond mutual funds.
Chapter 3 The section “Numerical Measures for a Population” has been moved after the section on
quartiles and boxplots. For many examples, this chapter uses the new bond mutual funds data set
that is introduced in Chapter 1.
Chapter 4 The chapter example has been updated. There are new problems throughout the chapter.
The “Think About This” essay about Bayes’ theorem has been condensed and updated. Counting
rules have been added. In combinations and permutations, x is used instead of X to be consistent
with binomial notation in Chapter 5.
Chapter 5 This chapter has revised notation for the binomial and Poisson distributions. It uses
lower-case x and includes the parameter after an | sign in the equation. To reduce the size of
the book, the tables of the binomial and Poisson distributions (Tables E.6 and E.7) have been
placed online. There are new problems throughout the chapter.
Chapter 6 This chapter has an updated Using Statistics scenario. The “Think About This” essay on
the importance of the normal distribution has been revised.
Chapter 7 A new “Think About This” essay replaces and expands on the pros and cons of web-
based surveys, using a famous historical example.
Chapter 8 This chapter includes problems on sigma known in Section 8.1.
Chapter 9 This chapter includes problems on sigma known in Section 9.1.
Chapter 10 This chapter has a new example on the paired t-test on textbook prices.
Chapter 11 This chapter has new problems throughout the chapter.
Chapter 12 The chapter now includes the section “Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
Statistic.” The “Think About This” essay has been revised. There are new problems throughout
the chapter.
Chapter 13 This chapter has various new problems.
Chapter 14 This chapter has been edited for conciseness without any loss of concepts or clarity. This
chapter has been published as an online topic that is available for download from this book’s down-
load page. (To download this chapter, see the instructions in Appendix Section C.2 on page 534.)

Hallmark Features
We have continued many of the traditions of past editions and have highlighted some of these
features below.
Using Statistics Business Scenarios—Each chapter begins with a Using Statistics example that
shows how statistics is used in the functional areas of business—accounting, finance, informa-
tion systems, management, and marketing. Each scenario is used throughout the chapter to pro-
vide an applied context for the concepts. The chapter concludes with a Using Statistics Revisited
section that reinforces the statistical methods and applications discussed in each chapter.
Emphasis on Data Analysis and Interpretation of Software Results—We believe that
the use of computer software is an integral part of learning statistics. Our focus empha-
sizes analyzing data by interpreting results while reducing emphasis on doing compu-
tations. For example, in the coverage of tables and charts in Chapter 2, the focus is on
the interpretation of various charts and on when to use each chart. In our coverage of
hypothesis testing in Chapters 9 through 11, and regression and multiple regression in
Chapters 12 and 13, extensive computer results have been included so that the p-value
approach can be emphasized.
Pedagogical Aids—An active writing style is used, with boxed numbered equations, set-off
examples to provide reinforcement for learning concepts, problems divided into “Learning
the Basics” and “Applying the Concepts,” key equations, and key terms.
Answers—Many answers to the even-numbered exercises are included at the end of the book.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 ELPYVÄ. Kuu näkee liljan ja haastaa silloin liljalle.

POROMÄKI. Tapahtuuko se talvella?

ELPYVÄ. Oletteko nähnyt liljoja kuutamossa talvella.

POROMÄKI. Minä aattelin että jos lilja olisi ollut ansarissa ja kuu
olisi puhunut lasin läpi.

JOSEFIINA. Älä puhu niin paljon Iisakki, se ei ole hyvä sinun

rinnallesi.

ELPYVÄ. Lilja ja kuu. (Lausuu). Oi lilja, miksi valkee noin, sa oot

kuin koite aamun koin.

THERESE. Eikö aamun koi ole punertava?

ELPYVÄ. Jaa, kyllä se ei ole, ja kun liljasta on puhe, niin tämä väri
sopii aamun koille paremmin.

POROMÄKI. Niin; ja kyllähän koit toisinaan on melkein valkoisia.

ELPYVÄ.

Siis: Kuu. Se on kuu, joka puhuu.

Oi lilja, miksi valkee noin

Sa oot kuin koite aamun koin.

Lilja. Siks…

Kuu. Oi sano miks?

POROMÄKI. Lilja ei tiedä.

ELPYVÄ.

Kuu. Et lilja tiedä itsekään.

Lilja. Niin tiedä itse ehkenkään.

ADELAIDE. Ah, niin herttaista!

POROMÄKI. Minulla oli koulutoveri, jonka nimi oli Lilja, ja se ei

liioin koskaan tiennyt mitään.

ELPYVÄ. Minä jatkan.

Kuu. Siks kalpee olet liljani, kun kaipaat ystävää, Kun saat sen,
punat poskilles ne nousee, kalpeus häviää.

ADELAIDE. Ah, niin kaunista. Kaipaat ystävää. (Katsoo Kannelta).

ELPYVÄ. Tämä on nyt kuin alkusoitto.

POROMÄKI. Eli uvertyyri.

ELPYVÄ. Nyt seuraa Liljan valitus.

Ah kun katson noita tuolla surusta ma tahdon kuolla, eivät

ole yksin he, eivät ole yksin he.

POROMÄKI (kuorsaa).

ELPYVÄ.

Ah, kun aattelen ma mua sydän tahtoo pakahtua. Olen

yksin ma, olen yksin ma.
 POROMÄKI. Olen yksin ma, olet yksin sa. Tarara…

ADELAIDE. Sangen hyvin osattu.

ELPYVÄ. Lilja valittaa edelleen:

Ah onneton oon tääll…

(Tapailee) vähän epäselvästi kirjoitettu innostuksen hehkussa…

POROMÄKI. Kuin lintu puitten pääll. (Kuorsauksia seuraavan

aikana).

ELPYVÄ.

Ah onneton oon tääll,

ja yksin, yksinään.
Mutt luoja kaikki voi.
Ehk' onnen mullekin soi.

ADELAIDE. Ah onnen. (Katsahtaa Kanteleeseen. Elpyvä taas lukee

suurimmaksi osaksi Adelaidelle).

ELPYVÄ. Nyt seuraa liljan riemu; se on löytänyt ystävän.

Liljan riemu.

Nyt on minulla riemumieli kun jo sain ma ystävän. Kaunis

sointu sill' on kieli, pitkä solakka on hän.

POROMÄKI. Se kielikö?

ADELAIDE. Ssssss!
 ELPYVÄ (Adelaidelle lukien),

Hän on pehmyt pituudessaan, hän on niinkuin pitääkin.

ADELAIDE. Niin kaunista!

ELPYVÄ.

Iloitkaa nyt taivahalla kaikki raittiit tähtöset, enkelitkin

taivahassa.

POROMÄKI. Aamen.

ADELAIDE (taputtaa käsiään).

KANNEL. Joko se loppui nyt?

ELPYVÄ. Minä olen tavotellut omituista yöllistä noktyrnitunnelmaa.

JOSEFIINA. Mitä sinä Iisakki siitä pidit.

POROMÄKI (kuorsaa).

ADELAIDE. Minun mielestäni siinä oli niin vienon surunvoittoisa,

yöllisen kuiskaava tuoksu.

ELPYVÄ. Ehkä minä luen sen uudelleen?

POROMÄKI (kuorsaa).

KANNEL. Minä pelkään että se menettäisi tuoksuaan. (Helenius ja

Therese ovat puhelleet keskenään koko ajan).

THEBESE. Se on mahdotonta!
 HELENIUS. Saatte nähdä. Tulkaa jonkun ajan kuluttua äkkiä
sisään.

THERESE. Se ei ole totta. Mutta minä koetan. Minä en usko, mutta

jos se on totta, niin silloin herra Helenius, minä olen teille hyvin,
hyvin kiitollinen. (Menee).

HELENIUS. Minä kiitän.

XIII kohtaus.

ADELAIDE. Te pidätte siis runosta, herra Kannel.

KANNEL. Minä olen aivan suunniltani.

HELENIUS (saatuaan viittauksia Adelaidelta). Rouva Poromäki ja

sinä Eljas, tulkaapa hiukan tänne; minä olen ostanut pienen
huonekalun ja minä pyytäisin teidän arvosteluanne.

JOSEFIINA. No niitä osioita minä ymmärrän paremmin kuin

runoja.

ELPYVÄ. Jääkö neiti Adelaide tänne herra Kanteleen kanssa!

HELENIUS. Tule pois nyt vaan. (Vetää hänet mukaansa).

XIV kohtaus.

(Poromäki ja Skål kuorsaavat).

ADELAIDE (kävelee ja istahtaa sohvalle). Tulkaa tänne hiukan,

herra
Kannel, minulla olisi teille jotain erityistä sanottavaa.

KANNEL. Jos se on salaisuus, niin… (Osoittaa alkooviin).

ADELAIDE. Ei se tee mitään. Hän ei kuule. Istukaa tähän minun

viereeni, aivan kodikkaasti, kas noin, ja rohkeasti. (Siirtyy
lähemmäksi).

KANNEL (siirtyen pois). Mitä teillä on minulle sanottavaa, neiti

Stör?

ADELAIDE (keikaillen ja siirtyen lähemmäksi). Te olette ollut niin

alakuloinen näinä viime aikoina.

KANNEL. No tokko niinkään sentään. Ja eihän sitä aina jaksa olla

hyvällä tuulella.

ADELAIDE. Teitä vaivaa alakuloisuus.

KANNEL. Ketä se ei toisinaan vaivaisi.

ADELAIDE (siirtyen lähemmäksi). Niin mutta teitä vaivaa jokin

ajatus, jonkinmoinen tyytymättömyys, jonkinmoinen, semmoinen
jokin… (Lähenee).

KANNEL (siirtyy ihmeissään poispäin).

ADELAIDE. Niin niin, minä tarkoitan jonkinmoinen niin sanoakseni

onnen puuttuvaisuus.

KANNEL. Onnen puuttuvaisuus?!

ADELAIDE. Niin juuri, onnen puuttuvaisuus. Ah, älkää kieltäkö.

Ettehän!
 KANNEL. En millään muotoa?

ADELAIDE. Te tahdotte saavuttaa onnen, ah, te halaisitte onnea,

mutta te ette rohkene ojentaa kättänne. (Lähenee, Kannel pakenee).
Te pakenette.

KANNEL (siirtyen sohvalta tuolille). Niinhän minä teen, mutta

tuota…

ADELAIDE. Ah, te ette ymmärrä. Ja kuitenkin te ymmärrätte.

(Poromäki ilmestyy ja katselee ihmeissään). Te tiedätte että onni on
teidän läheisyydessänne, mutta te ette uskalla sitä omistaa, (Skål
ilmestyy) te pelkäätte, että se suuttuisi. (Lähenee). Älkää peljätkö,
onni ei suutu.

KANNEL. Ei suutu?

ADELAIDE. Ah, ei, ei.

KANNEL (ei tiedä mitä ajatella).

ADELAIDE. Se on lähellä, ah, hyvin lähellä.

KANNEL. En minä ainakaan näe…

ADELAIDE. Ettekö näe, ah, ettekö —

KANNEL. E-en minä todellakaan näe muuta kuin teidät.

ADELAIDE. Ah, te näette minut!

KANNEL. Te istutte siinä, siinä niin…

ADELAIDE (ollen viehkeä). Niin, minä istun, niin…

 KANNEL. Tekö olette onni?

ADELAIDE (nousee ja levittää kätensä). Ah, Knut!

KANNEL. Mi-mitä…

ADELAIDE. Älä enää teeskentele, äläkä pelkää. Ota minut!

KANNEL. Ä-älkää nyt hiidessä, neiti Stör! (Pakenee).

ADELAIDE. Sinä olet ollut sankarillinen, mutta sinä olet saava

palkinnon. (Syleilee ja suutelee).

KANNEL. Herra jumala!

ADELAIDE. Niin, herra jumala. (Suutelee). Niin ihanaa. Ah Knut,

kuinka sinä olet…

XV kohtaus.

Therese, Helenius, Elpyvä ja Josefina tulevat. Poromäki

pääsee hetken kuluttua pujahtamaan pois.

THERESE. Adelaide!

ADELAIDE. Rakas Therese, onnittele meitä.

THEBESE. Knut, mitä tämä merkitsee?!

KANNEL (alkaa laskea leikkiä), En minä tiedä. (Sytyttää sikaarin).

ADELAIDE. Suo anteeksi, rakas Therese…

THERESE. Se ei ole totta, se ei ole, eihän Knut.

 KANNEL. Ei tietysti.

ADELAIDE. Onhan se totta, Knut, onhan.

KANNEL. On on…

THERESE. Ethän sinä voi pitää hänestä Knut, hänellä on selkäydin

kipeä.

ADELAIDE. Ja sinulla on vatsakatarri.

KANNEL. Ei se tee mitään. Minulla on nyt jo molemmat. (Äkkiä

kuuluu riitaa ulkoa).

POROMÄEN ÄÄNI. Ä-älkää hemmetissä…

PESUMUIJAN ÄÄNI. Jaa jaa, en minä hellitä, se on minun

esliinani… (Työntää Poromäen sisään; Poromäki kaatuu vatsalleen
kompastuen hameisiinsa).

JOSEFIINA. Iisakki! Herra jesta!

PESUMUIJA. Vai Iisakki? — Mutta tietääkö frouva, ne on minun

vaatteeni, minä olen ne jättänyt vintille, sen näki Amantakin aivan
selvän selkeesti ja tuo on ne sieltä varastanut, jaa'ah, minä en sitä
asiaa valehtele…

JOSEFIINA. Kuinka sinä olet noin puettu? (Vaatteet hyvin ahtaat).

POROMÄKI. Jaa minäkö?

JOSEFIINA. Vastaa minulle!!

 POROMÄKI. Odota hiukan niin kyllähän minä… Se on nääs sillä
tavalla, että… tuota, että… tohtori on määrännyt minulle… tuota…
hyvin väljät vaatteet… ja…

JOSEFIINA. Väljät vaatteet?

POROMÄKI, Niin, katsos se on erittäin terveellistä… Minä olenkin

jo paljon terveempi.

JOSEFIINA. Iisakki, sinä valehtelet!

POROMÄKI. Joka sana on totta.

PESUMUIJA (Josefiinalle) Se valehtelee. Minun ukkoni on ihan

samanlainen… (Skål yskii uudinten takana. Josefina syöksyy sinne ja
tuo hänet päivän valoon).

JOSEFIINA. Skål!

SKÅL. Maljamme!

JOSEFIINA. Mi-mi-mitä?

SKÅL. Jaa mitä? (Näyttää itseään). Minä olen maannut Iisakki

Poromäen vuoteessa.

JOSEFIINA. Mi-minä en…

SKÅL. On sanottu, että jos terve ihminen makaa sairaan ihmisen

vuoteessa, niin sairas parantuu.

POROMÄKI. Niin, niin minullekin on sanottu!

 SKÅL. Ja nyt Iisakki Poromäki on aivan terve, eikä enää tarvitse
lääkkeitä.

POROMÄKI. No niin on. (Lepyttäen). So, Fiinaseni… (Paussi).

JOSEFIINA. Joko nyt olet saanut tarpeeksesi?

POROMÄKI. Olen kultaseni. Kiitoksia vaan! Mutta sovitaan nyt

pois.

JOSEFIINA (alkaen leppyä). Jos vielä vähä kalanmaksaöljyä…

POROMÄKI (taputtelee). No Fiinaseni, nyt on kaikki ollutta ja

mennyttä — Mutta mitäs nää oikein häärää? (Kannel, Therese,
Adelaide, Helenius ja Elpyvä ovat aivan yhdessä nipussa).

KANNEL (lyö otsaansa). Hyvät daamit. Kuulkaa minua. Minä olen

onnettomin ihminen maan päällä. Minulla ei ole muuta jäljellä kuin
hauta.

ADELAIDE. Hauta!

KANNEL. Haudan syvä rauha.

KAIKKI. ???…

KANNEL. Minä rakastan teitä, neiti Frasén.

THERESE. Suo anteeksi, Adelaide. (Syleilee).

KANNEL. Minä rakastan myös teitä, neiti Stör.

ADELAIDE. Ah Knut… Suo anteeksi rakas Therese!

 KANNEL. Niin, minä rakastan teitä molempia.

ADELAIDE. Mutta sinä rakastat toista meistä enemmän. (Therese

on kääntänyt selkänsä ja puhuu Heleniuksen kanssa).

KANNEL. En, aivan yhtäpaljon, aivan hivuskarvalleen yhtä paljon.

POROMÄKI. Jaa'ah. Se on kova paikka.

THERESE (ottaa Heleniuksen kainaloonsa ja marssii äkäisenä

pois).

ADELAIDE (ottaa Elpyvän). Onnitelkaa meitä.

POROMÄKI. Vastaan ottakaa minun siunaukseni.

SKÅL. Amen.

(Adelaide ja Elpyvä menevät).

KANNEL. No nyt on kaikki hyvin. (Poromäki on hyvin miettiväisen

näköinen). Mitä sinä nyt niin tuumit?

POROMÄKI. Minä tässä vaan tuumin, että mihinkähän me ensi

kesänä lähdetään.

(Esirippu).
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VIRKISTYSMATKA:
3-NÄYTÖKSINEN PILA ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying
copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of
Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything
for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund
from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law
in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated
with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this
agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached
full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the
terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears,
or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning
of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or
expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or
a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original
“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must
include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in
paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
 about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for

the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3,
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim
all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK
OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL
NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF
YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving
it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or
entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide
a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation,

the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation,
anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with
the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or
any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many
small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to
maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
Welcome to Our Bookstore - The Ultimate Destination for Book Lovers
Are you passionate about testbank and eager to explore new worlds of
knowledge? At our website, we offer a vast collection of books that
cater to every interest and age group. From classic literature to
specialized publications, self-help books, and children’s stories, we
have it all! Each book is a gateway to new adventures, helping you
expand your knowledge and nourish your soul
Experience Convenient and Enjoyable Book Shopping Our website is more
than just an online bookstore—it’s a bridge connecting readers to the
timeless values of culture and wisdom. With a sleek and user-friendly
interface and a smart search system, you can find your favorite books
quickly and easily. Enjoy special promotions, fast home delivery, and
a seamless shopping experience that saves you time and enhances your
love for reading.
Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and
personal growth!

ebooksecure.com