MOZAMBIQUE

HUMANITARIAN
PROGRAMME CYCLE
2025

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS
ISSUED DECEMBER 2024

AND RESPONSE PLAN

 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People in need, targeted and Explore more at

humanitarianaction.info

severity of needs by district

Cabo
Delgado

Palma
United Republic of Tanzania
Maputo
Nangade 34K

70K
Mueda Mocimboa
da Praia
161K

110K Muidumbe
Macomia
74K

Cabo Delgado 116K

Ibo
Meluco 22K
Montepuez Ibo
Quissanga
20K
Niassa 60K
45K Ancuabe
Metuge
Cidade de
53K Pemba
83K
Mecufi 73K
31K
Chiúre
Balama 140K

Namuno

Nampula

The administrative boundaries and names shown People in need People targeted Severity of needs
and the designations used on this map do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the
160,000
100,000
People
targeted xx Number of
People targeted 1 2 3 4
United Nations 20,000
People not
COVER PHOTO targeted
ERATI DISTRICT/NAMPULA PROVINCE
7-day rations distribution to internally displaced people
Photo: WFP/VaSCO BUANAUSSE 02
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Table of contents

02 People in need, targeted and severity of needs by district

04 Executive summary
06 At a glance
08 Part 1: Humanitarian needs
15 1.2 Analysis of shocks, risks & humanitarian needs

19 Part 2: Humanitarian response

20 2.1 Humanitarian response strategy
24 2.2 Response boundary-setting, prioritization & risk-informed action
26 2.4 Strategic objectives
27 2.5 Planning assumptions, operational capacity and access, & response trends
30 2.6 Accountable, inclusive & quality programming
34 2.7 Cost of the response
34 2.8 Multipurpose cash
35 2.9 Monitoring

37 Part 3: Cluster needs and response

38 3.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
43 3.2 Education
47 3.3 Food Security and Livelihoods
51 3.4 Health
55 3.5 Nutrition
59 3.6 Protection
63 3.7 Child protection
67 3.8 Protection - Gender Based Violence (GBV)
70 3.9 Protection -Housing, Land and Property Rights (HLP)
74 3.10 Shelter and NFIs
78 3.11 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
82 3.12 Coordination and Common Services (CCS)
84 3.13 Logistics

86 Part 4: Refugee needs and response plan

87 4.1 Refugee response plan

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Executive summary

In 2024, the compound effects of armed conflict in in three people are food insecure. Violence against
Cabo Delgado province, and vulnerability to natural civilians, recruitment and use of child soldiers by
hazards countrywide drove humanitarian needs non-State armed groups (NSAGs) as well as attacks
in Mozambique. on schools and hospitals were recorded. More people
were internally displaced in the first five months of
The year 2024 was marked by a recrudesce of the 2024 than in the previous three years combined (close
conflict in coastal districts of Cabo Delgado. The to 200,000 people
operational environment became more complex
as non-State armed groups demonstrated The pace of returns in Mozambique slowed since early
increased capacity to plan and execute complex 2024. Some 610,000 people had returned to conflict-
attacks. In Chiúre district, in February, there was an affected areas since 2022, often relocating to district
unprecedented attack that displaced nearly 96,000 capitals. Returnees face significant vulnerabilities, as
people and destroyed civilian infrastructure. In May, basic services have not fully resumed, and livelihood
an attack on Macomia District Headquarters affected opportunities remain constrained by ongoing insecurity.
displaced people and the local population, including Despite these challenges, nearly all returnees plan
many returnees. The attack resulted in widespread to stay in their areas of origin, so long as no further
looting of humanitarian supplies and disruption of attacks occur. Many displaced people are motivated
humanitarian operations. In both districts, schools to return home due to limited opportunities and poor
in affected areas remained closed for a long period conditions or low level of assistance in their current
of time with Macomia district having all schools and locations. As displacement becomes prolonged,
health and nutrition centers closed for nearly four displaced individuals are considering local integration.
months. Combined with increased non-State armed Many displaced people who choose to stay, do so out
groups (NSAG) access to military-grade weapons of necessity, rather than successful integration into
and – as a new development - the use of Improvised their current communities.
Explosive Devises (IEDs), the operational environment
is becoming increasingly complex, affecting The displaced population remained vulnerable amid
humanitarian access and the ability to reach people scarcer resources. An estimated 580,000 people
in need. In July, Mozambique's defense forces, with remain displaced, predominantly women and children,
military assistance from the Rwanda Defense Forces, with the largest concentrations in Pemba, Metuge,
began military operations, including the use of aerial and Macomia. Assistance levels in these areas have
bombings, to reclaim NSAG-controlled areas. This has become inadequate due to reduced funding throughout
resulted in civilian deaths and displacements. The the year, leading to rising tensions between internally
NSAGs have split, seeking refuge in other parts of displaced people (IDPs) and host communities, and
the province expanding their geographical presence. a deepening cycle of poverty among both groups.
Overall, there has been a 400 per cent increase in For example, food distribution in 2024 took place
attacks between 2023 and 2024. every other month, providing only 39 per cent of
the required kilocalories monthly. Vulnerabilities
Attacks against civilians increased significantly. Grave deepened as evidenced by the increasing number of
violations of children's rights quadrupled in the first people experiencing emergency levels of hunger and
half of 2024, compared to the entirety of 2023; one malnutrition.

04
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

By the end of August 2024, humanitarian partners rural floods, drought, tropical cyclones and strong
reached an estimated 1.28 million people, including winds during the 2024/2025 rainy/cyclonic season
669,000 women and over 733,000 children, supporting (October-April).
internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees as
well as host communities. But assistance remained Both conflict and climate-related crises are exposing
insufficient and was not regularly provided. women and girls to enhanced risks of gender-based
violence, harmful practices and negative copying
Mozambique is one of the countries in Africa most strategies, and fragilizing their resilience. Access to
exposed to extreme climate shocks, including drought, basic services remains partial for maternal, sexual and
flooding and cyclones. In 2024, the effects of an El reproductive health, education, nutrition and protection;
Niño-induced drought caused a spike in food insecurity, safe water and adequate sanitation remain challenging,
with some 1.8 million people in IPC3+ (including impacting on menstrual hygiene and on female
510,000 in IPC4), and acute malnutrition as a result workload and safety.
of the rapid depletion of stocks, limited access to
income, and above-average food prices. According Against this backdrop, the 2025 Humanitarian Needs
to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification and Response Plan requires US$352 million to meet
(IPC) post-shock assessment crisis (IPC Phase 3) the most urgent humanitarian needs. This includes
outcomes are expected to persist through March 2025, $326 million for conflict, $17 million for readiness
particularly in the central region, at least until the next to respond to natural disasters, $7.5 million is for
harvest season in April-May. In August, a drought anticipatory action and an additional $1.9 million
appeal, running from August 2024 to July 2025, was is for public health emergency preparedness and
launched, targeting 1.4 million people in the most initial response. In 2025, Mozambique will further
affected districts to respond to the worst drought in at strengthen its engagement in Anticipatory Action
least 40 years. and make humanitarian assistance more proactive
and risk informed. Building on existing efforts
With a potential La Niña effect in November 2024- mainly focused on mitigating the impact of drought,
January 2025, the frequency and intensity of rains humanitarian partners will expand coverage to protect
and tropical cyclones is expected to increase in the more people from more hazards, including cyclones,
southwestern Indian Ocean and floods are expected, floods and cholera.
including in areas currently affected by drought. The
National Institute for Disaster Management estimates
that at least 2.2 million people will be at risk of urban/

05
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

At a glance
$325.8M
1.3M 1.1M 350K $352M CONFLICT

$26.2M*
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED PEOPLE AT RISK/ TOTAL FINANCIAL NATURAL
(CONFLICT) (CONFLICT) PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS DISASTER
(NATURAL DISASTER)

PEOPLE IN NEED, TARGETED AND SEVERITY OF FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS BY CLUSTER

NEEDS BY DISTRICT - CONFLICT
Food Security & Livelihood $158.4M
Cabo
Delgado
WASH $26.3M

United Republic of Tanzania

Palma
Shelter/NFIs $24.8M $26M
Maputo
Natural
Nangade 34K Health $20.7M disaster
response
Mueda
70K Refugee Response $18.3M
Mocimboa
da Praia
161K Nutrition $17.8M
110K Muidumbe Coordination & Common Services $17.1M
74K
Macomia
Education $14.5M
$352M
116K
Total financial
Cabo Delgado Ibo Protection-GBV $13.5M requirements
Meluco 22K
Montepuez Ibo
20K
Quissanga Protection $12.8M
Niassa 60K Child Protection $10.6M
45K Ancuabe
Metuge

83K
53K
Cidade de
Pemba
Logistic $8.1M
$326M
CCCM $7.5M Conflict response
Mecufi 73K

Chiúre
31K Protection - HLP $1.7M
Balama 140K
*Including 7.5M for Anticipatory Action (AA for cyclone, floods & drought) and $ 1.9M
Namuno for health and wash response in public health emergencies

Nampula BY GENDER People in need

People targeted

269K 292K
The administrative boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official
endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
226K 245K
Men Women
Severity of Needs People in Need People targeted
160,000 People in need- People targeted
100,000
1 2 3 4 20,000
xx
not targeted xx Number of
people targeted
357K 387K
300K 325K
PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY Boys Girls
POPULATION GROUPS - CONFLICT
BY AGE People in need
People targeted
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED
65K 744K
412K 353K 55K 625K
Elderly Children
Internally displaced Internally displaced (60+ yrs) (0-17yrs)
people people

496K
412K 371K 417K
Returnees Returnees Adult (18
-59yrs)

PEOPLE LIVING WITH DISABILITY

481K 373K 196K 132K
Non - displaced Non - displaced
People in need People targeted
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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

CONFLICT Urban and peri-urban internally displaced persons:

Ensure access to shelter, health care and education to
The response strategy has two components: stabilize their conditions.

The first line of response: Prioritises newly displaced NATURAL DISASTERS

people and the most severely affected people,
responding to urgent needs through rapid response The humanitarian strategy for climate-induced shocks
mechanisms and mobile teams, including in focuses on preparing to provide gender sensitive life-
underserved areas. saving assistance to up to 350,000 people affected by
natural disasters. Priority is given to shelters, hard-to-
The second line of response: Provides multi- reach rural areas and urban areas. The approach aims
sectoral assistance to key groups, prioritizing to protect lives, promote public health and strengthen
women and children the resilience of communities during crises.

Rural IDPs and affected populations: Providing support

for livelihoods, agricultural inputs and essential
services to reduce vulnerability, build resilience and
reduce aid dependency.

PEOPLE IN NEED, TARGETED AND FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS BY CLUSTER

CONFLCT NATURAL DISASTER

CLUSTER TARGETED IN NEED REQ.(US$) TARGETED REQ.(US$)

WASH 644K 862K $23.9M 350K $2.3M

Shelter/ NFIs 334K 775K $21.8M 104K $2.9M

Food Security 737K 763K $155.3M 50K $3.1M

& Livelihood
Protection 278K 558K $12.5M 140K $0.2M

Child Protection 338K 540K $10.3M 105K $0.2M

Protection - GBV 373K 533K $12.1M 115K $1.5M

Health 434K 461K $16.7M 35K $4.0M

CCCM 250K 447K $6.5M 38K $1.0M

Education 211K 278K $12.7M 120K $1.8M

Nutrition 268K 268K $16.7M 105K $1.2M

Protection - HLP 59K 224K $1.7M - -

Refugee 25K 25K $18.3M - -

Coordination - - $9.6M - $7.5M

& Common Services
Logistics - - $7.6M - $0.5M

*Including 7.5M for Anticipatory Action (AA for cyclone, floods

& drought) and $ 1.9M for health and wash response in public
health emergencies

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Part 1:
Humanitarian
needs

ERATI DISTRICT/NAMPULA PROVINCE

WFP staff working on the 7-day rations
distribution to internally displaced people.
Explore more at
Photo: WFP/Vasco Buanausse humanitarianaction.info

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

1.1 Crisis overview

Conflict evolution in 2024 Protection Cluster reports that in the first six months
of 2024, civilian deaths increased by 300 per cent
Seven years into the conflict in northern Mozambique, and grave violations against children quadrupled,
humanitarian needs have grown increasingly urgent compared to the entirety of 2023. Increased
as conflict continues, leading to more displacement recruitment and use of child soldiers by non-State
for some, coping capacity is eroded and access to armed groups (NSAGs) as well as attacks on schools
land is challenged. In 2024, Non-State Armed Groups were reported. The number of internally displaced
(NSAGs) stepped up attacks and shifted tactics, people (IDPs) exceeded the total from the previous
starting to engage directly with international forces, three years as a result of people leaving their homes
including the Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF), after the because of attacks or fear of attacks.
withdrawal of SADC's military mission. Simultaneously,
intensified RDF operations in NSAG-controlled areas Conflict disrupted humanitarian operations leading to
are further impacting civilians, compounding the crisis. temporary suspension of assistance and impacting
main supply routes to some of the districts with the
In the first six months of 2024 attacks by non-State highest humanitarian needs. In May, NSAG launched
armed groups (NSAGs) spiked. Attacks concentrated a complex and multi-pronged assault on Macomia
in Chiúre, Meluco, Quissanga, Mocímboa da Praia, district’s capital which largely targeted state actors
Muidumbe, Metuge, and Macomia Districts. In (National Police, Defense Forces, Civil Servants)
February 2024, NSAG attacks on several villages and state infrastructures. The attack resulted in the
in southern Cabo Delgado, including Chiúre district, destruction of critical humanitarian and development
caused 96,000 people displaced and a significant infrastructure, including health and nutrition facilities,
outflow to Nampula province. Marking the most and the extensive looting of homes, markets,
severe assault in Chiúre since 2017, NSAGs destroyed humanitarian warehouses, offices and assets. The
churches, homes, schools, warehouses and attack resulted in the displacement of some 4,300
government buildings, forcing widespread flight among people, the majority women and children. It forced
the local population. humanitarian organisations to suspend activities
with aid workers relocated from Macomia to Pemba.
Incidents trend
2022 2023 2024 Altogether some 66,000 people were deprived of
57 56 assistance, including 17,000 children left without
access to education. Security incidents and attacks
45
43 in Ancuabe, Macomia, Metuge, Mocimboa da Praia,
35 35 36 and Muidumbe impacted approximately 500,000
34 33
31
29
31
returnees living along the Cabo Delgado coast, as
27 27 27

22 some stabilization and development programs were

20 19 19
18
16
18
14
16
15
14
suspended due to safety concerns.
12 14
10 10
8 8 8
6
4 The increased NSAGs activity and the widespread use
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), presents a
complex and dangerous environment for humanitarian
The protection of civilians remained a significant
workers. The Protection Cluster reports that from
concern not only in the number of attacks and the
January to August 2024, 92 per cent of recorded
geographical area targeted but also in the way NSAGs
fatalities resulting from explosive ordnance incidents
targeted civilians and civilian infrastructure. TThe
are civilian. In the wake of NSAGs’ departure, the

09
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

discovery of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), Humanitarian trends

unexploded ordinances (UXOs) and explosive
remnants of war (ERWs) in several communities of Cabo Delgado remains the province most affected by
Macomia generated widespread anxiety among the the conflict. Some 577,500 people remain displaced
local population and aid workers. IEDs and UXOs were across the northern provinces of Cabo Delgado, Niassa,
uncovered in Government offices, schools, and an and Nampula – just 1 percent less than in January
NGO warehouse and at the main market. Mine survey 2024, according to the Displacement Tracking Matrix
and clearances were conducted by security forces, (DTM) report (round 21). Cabo Delgado hosts 94
including on access roads to Macomia. Road closures percent of the displaced people, equivalent to 541,400
and attacks along main supply routes complicated the individuals. Nampula follows with 32,614 displaced
efforts to reach people in need with the use of IEDs persons, and Niassa with 3,531 displaced people. Cabo
by NSAGs affecting the civilians and humanitarian Delgado province accounts for 576,280 returnees, who
workers alike. are primarily in Mocímboa da Praia, Palma, and Mueda
districts. An estimated 74 per cent of the IDPs live
Access constraints - October 2024 in host communities whilst 26 per cent are living in
Cabo
displacement sites.
Delgado R1260
Quionga

More people were

R1264
MOZAMBIQUE
UNITED REPUBLIC Palma
OF TANZANIA
Palma
Muidine Pundanhar internally displaced in
the first five months
R12
63 Olumbi
63
R7 R764
Nangade
Maputo
of 2024 than in
N/C
Nangade Mocimboa
the previous three
N'gapa
Da Praia
R1259

R776 Mocímboa da Praia

years combined
Negomano M'tamba
4

N3
20

81 Diaca
R1

(close to 200,000
Imbuo Mbau R765

Chitunda
Mueda Mueda
Mecula
Miteda Quiterajo
people). Half of those
Chapa R1
25
7
Muidumbe newly displaced
Macanga
Muidumbe Chai R1262

experienced
R762
N3
80

R766 Mucojo
R726
Mecula
Macomia displacement for the
Cabo Delgado Macomia

first time. Some 50

R731

Ibo
R1

R7
25

per cent of those

77
5

Meluco
R125

Quissanga
Muaguide
98

Quirimba
R6

Meluco Mahate
Nairoto
Bilibiza
newly displaced
R1
67

25
R7

Niassa Montepuez
Quissanga
originated from
Marangira
N1
Ancuabe Metuge Chiúre district, which
4
Ancuabe Pemba

was impacted by
R7 Metuge
73
Mirate Namanhumbir
Pemba
74
Marrupa Mesa
R7
R7
61

Metoro

several attacks,
Montepuez Miéze Murrébuè
Marrupa Mavala
Mapupulo

starting February
R7
68

Balama
Impiri Mazeze
Katapua Chiúre Chiúre Velho

2024 which resulted

R769
Nungo R760
R12
51
Meloco
Chiure
0
25
R1

N14 Kuékué
Namuno
R1261 Ocua
R6
90 Lúrio
in the outflow of
N'cumpe

population into
R770
Muipite R77
2
Balama R7
71
Namapa
Chipene
N1

Hucula Namogelia
R11
70

Memba Nampula province.

R698

Alua
Machoca Erati
Namuno
Nipepe Muite Mazula
R712

Nipepe Namirôa

In 2024, returns
R1
16
Papai 9
Milhana 06
R7
R7
05 Memba

have largely
Saua-Saua
R703

Nampula Nacaroa Nacaroa

Lalaua
stalled in northern
Violence type Routes Mozambique. Some
Severity of needs 2024 Main town River
October 2024 No movement for anyone
Accessible
1 2 3 4 Airstrip sea route Clashes
because of insecurity
610,000 people have
not accessible Not in use due to poor road
Violence against civilians,
Sea/river transport sea route riots, strategic developments
conditions.
Used by the private sector, and
returned to conflict-
Access Border crossing active Open bridge Improvised explosive device
Hard-to-reach areas: security situation highly volatile;
NGOs but not the UN
Unimpeded movement
affected areas. In
humanitarian operations will require detailed security Border crossing not active Closed bridge
planning and intensive negotiations

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Cabo Delgado alone, returnees decreased by four sanitation, and heightened risks of gender-based
percent, compared to January 2024. A great number violence (GBV). Women and girls are especially
of the returnees are in district capitals and continue vulnerable due to caregiving responsibilities, exposure
to experience deep vulnerabilities, as most of the key in remote areas, and structural gender inequalities.
infrastructure in areas of return is still not functioning. Data from the Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment
Virtually all returnees, despite difficult conditions in conducted in July 2024 highlighted the severe
the place of origin, plan to remain in the absence of challenges faced by women and girls in accessing
further attacks. According to IOM round 21, the priority essential services. One in four women cannot reach
needs identified by returnees are livelihoods, health, healthcare facilities due to the distance, and around
education, water and sanitation and protection. one in five deliveries take place outside healthcare
settings. Only 18 per cent of female respondents
As displacement becomes more protracted, more reported having access to reproductive health services,
displaced people intend to stay and integrate locally. while just 12 per cent benefit from recreational
For most displaced people who want to return, this activities, and a mere 8 per cent receive psychosocial
intention remains aspirational rather than actionable. support. Access to basic needs is also critically limited.
Many of those who intend to stay do so out of an Half of the women surveyed lack access to safe
inability to return home rather than having successfully drinking water, with one in four having to walk more
locally integrated in the place of displacement. than 30 minutes to collect water. Sixty-six percent
Displaced people and returnees face challenges to of women report insufficient food, and 62 per cent
local integration and reintegration. Displaced people do not have the necessary cooking items. Economic
who intend to return are partially driven to do so by insecurity is widespread, with 45 per cent of both
the lack of opportunities and unfavorable conditions men and women in Cabo Delgado struggling to find
in the place of displacement. The priority needs income-generating opportunities. Furthermore, the
of the IDPS continue to be food security, financial lack of proper hygiene and sanitation facilities is a
support and source of income, water and sanitation, major concern: 73 per cent of households do not
NFIs and shelter. have handwashing stations, and 52 per cent lack
soap. In addition, menstrual hygiene management is
The crisis in Mozambique is disproportionally affecting
inadequate, with 73 per cent of women and girls using
women and children who constitute the majority of
rags and 44 per cent relying on capulanas instead of
people displaced (approximately 80 per cent). Their
sanitary products.
vulnerability cannot be understated. IDPs in general
face numerous challenges, including disrupted social Forced displacement and violence have exacerbated
structures, loss of livelihoods, inadequate housing, existing structural GBV risks. Reported GBV risks
limited access to education, health/nutrition, and include: i) Intimate partner violence; ii) Sexual violence;

Displacement trend in Cabo Delgado, Nampula and Niassa provinces

Number of internally displaced people 1m
945k
Number of returnees 834k
731k 743k 783k 717k
696k 734k 710k
668k 687k 669k
600k 632K 611K
527k 420K 571K
425k 352K
330k
211k 235k
172k 159k 143K
50K

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21
Apr/20 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/21 Mar Apr/20 Sep Nov Feb/22 Jun Nov Apr/23 Aug Jan/24 Jul
Land preparation Planting

Rain & cyclone Rain & cyclone season

season
Green
Harvest Lean season
harvest

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Mar Apr Sep Nov Feb Jun Nov Apr Aug Jan Jul
Seasonal calendar source: FEWS NET

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

iii) Sexual exploitation and abuse; iv) Transactional sex; by returnees to as a significant push factor for their
v) Child, early, or forced marriage; vi) Psychological/ abrupt return.
emotional abuse or inflicted distress. Due to social
Funding trend by year Total funding
stigma and lack of awareness of rights and services,
(US$)
many GBV incidents go unreported. The absence
2019 415M
of strong judicial systems exacerbates impunity
for perpetrators. Additionally, inadequate living
2020 222M
conditions, such as overcrowded IDP sites, increased
vulnerabilities create an enabling environment
2021 319M
for GBV risks.

UNHCR reported an increase in gender-based violence 2022 328M

(GBV) across Cabo Delgado between January to
September 2024, particularly affecting women (88 2023 305M
per cent) and girls (10 per cent). The majority of
survivors are IDPs (62 per cent), with 32 per cent 2024 222M
from host communities. The highest rates were Outside GHO
HRP Funding
recorded in Pemba (26 per cent) and Montepuez (25
Flash Appeal Other Appeals
per cent), followed by Mueda (21 per cent), Palma Funding
(14 per cent), and Chiúre (13 per cent). In half of the
reported cases, survivors identified family members,
friends, or neighbors as perpetrators, while 38 per cent Natural disasters in 2024
involved intimate partners. Nearly all perpetrators (97
per cent) are adult men. This rise since the beginning Mozambique is one of the countries in Africa most
of the year in incidents calls for urgent, targeted exposed to extreme climate shocks, including drought,
support in IDP and host communities, focusing flooding and tropical cyclones, which are the most
on protective measures, survivor assistance, and frequent natural hazard with the greatest attributable
community awareness. economic losses. Since 2000, Mozambique has been
impacted by a major tropical cyclone every other year
Humanitarian efforts are severely strained by funding and is the second largest recipient of cyclone funding
limitations. With 40 per cent of the 2024 Humanitarian from CERF (after Philippines). Historical data from the
Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) funded, aid National Institute for Disaster Management and Risk
organizations struggled to deliver essential services Reduction (INGD) shows that the impact of cyclones
as well as an integrated package of assistance in an in Mozambique has varied, affecting between 73,000
environment where operations are costly including people (Cyclone Chalane in 2020) to 1.5 million
because security measures. Declining funding limited people (Cyclone Idai in 2019). Prior to 2019, when
the ability of humanitarian organizations to provide Tropical Cyclone Idai and Tropical Cyclone Kenneth
comprehensive assistance, leaving many with unmet made landfall within six weeks, there was no record
needs in critical areas like nutrition, education, and of two storms of such intensity striking Mozambique
protection. This forced humanitarian actors to make in the same season. Tropical Cyclone Idai remains
difficult choices, such as curtailing food rations to amongst the top two costliest climate-related events
cover a larger caseload of beneficiaries or stretching in Africa over the last 50 years (estimated cost nearly
service provision between the displaced people $2 billion). The high frequency of different climate-
and the returning people, affecting its quality and related hazards is diverting funding from much needed
increasing protection risks in view of negative copying development objectives and reversing gains made in
mechanisms. Moreover, poor conditions and lack of the last decades.
humanitarian assistance in IDP sites, was indicated

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

In 2023, Tropical Cyclone Freddy, a record-breaking Based on this, the HCT Emergency Response and
storm lasting 48 days, hit Mozambique twice, with Preparedness Plan (ERP) is being finalized with a
destructive winds, extreme rainfall, and widespread planning figure of 350,000 people and a financial
flooding affecting communities in central Mozambique. requirement of $17 million.
The storm worsened existing flooding as a result
of upstream water release and seasonal rains and Flood risk map
in Mozambique. People were displaced, there was
significant damage and disruption of essential services.
Roads were cut off, hindering social services provision
and trade. The impact on water, sanitation and hygiene
and healthcare contributed to a worsening of the
cholera outbreak that had started in September 2022

With support from the UN and partners, Mozambique

has been developing a robust early warning system
to protect its people and preserve development gains.
While Tropical Cyclone Freddy affected one more
province than Tropical Cyclone Idai (2019) and had
comparable windspeeds and precipitation, the death
toll was 57 per cent lower (905 people killed by Idai
vs. 314 killed by Freddy). Early action is based on
community action, new technologies and infrastructure,
as well as emergency preparedness and response. The
government agencies leading this work are INGD and
the National Institute of Meteorology (INAM). The UN
is harnessing resources from all 25 UN agencies active
in Mozambique, providing targeted, cross-sectoral
support to the government to further strengthen ties
between early warning and early action.

In 2024, the effects of the El Niño-induced drought

Mozambique has made progress in disaster risk
caused a spike in food insecurity. As of August 2024,
management by establishing a Disaster Management
at least 1.8 million people were in IPC3+, due to the
Fund in 2017 with an initial 0.1 per cent of the
drought and as a result of rapid depletion of stocks,
government budget, contracting contingent credit, and
limited access to income, and above-average food
advancing catastrophe insurance initiatives. This can
prices. In August 2024, a drought response plan was
potentially enhance Mozambique’s financial resilience
launched to address the impact of an El Niño-induced
against natural hazards in the long term. Funding,
drought. The appeal, running from August 2024 to
however, remains primarily ex-post—available only after
July 2025, targets 1.4 million people in the most
a disaster. Ex-ante resources are insufficient to cover
affected districts.
the initial emergency phase. Currently, the Disaster
Management Fund receives 0.7 per cent of the state
To mitigate the impact of the drought, the Government
budget. Resource mobilization challenges persist for
of Mozambique is working with partners, including UN
post-disaster response, recovery and reconstruction.
agencies and NGOs, to implement Anticipatory Actions
(AA). AA Plans were activated for the first time in nine
INGD estimates that at least 2.2 million people will
districts (five in Gaza, two in Tete, and two in Sofala).
be at risk of urban floods, drought, cyclones and
The coverage of this effort is, however, insufficient
strong winds in the 2024/2025 rainy/cyclonic seasons.

13
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

compared to the needs, with more resources urgently With a potential La Niña effect in November 2024-
needed to scale-up interventions. There were also January 2025, the frequency and intensity of heavy
significant delays in the cash transfers, an issue that rains and tropical cyclones is expected to increase in
is being reviewed by INGD and the National Institute the Indian Ocean. Floods are also expected in many
of Social Action (responsible for social protection areas, including in areas currently affected by drought.
transfers). The impact of the lean season (October
2024 to March 2025) includes the rapid depletion of Anticipatory Action
below-average food stocks for families who were able
In an effort to predict with confidence the occurrence
to harvest some of their own crops. For rural families
of some of the shocks that are considered
headed by women this leads to greater food insecurity
recurrent in Mozambique (e.g. droughts, floods,
and lower access to income to address basic needs.
cyclones, cholera, etc ) and their corresponding
Approximately 400,000 people are benefiting from food
humanitarian impact, , the Government has also
security interventions.
invested significantly in anticipatory action (AA)
As of mid-October 2024, ENSO-neutral conditions over the past few years. In 2021, a government-led
persist. The IRI ENSO prediction plume forecasts National Technical Working Group on multi-hazard
show 53 per cent chance for ENSO-neutral conditions anticipatory action (AA) was established to oversee
to continue during October-December 2024. the development, implementation, and monitoring of
Borderline La Niña conditions are forecasted during standard procedures related to Early Warning (EW)
November 2024 and February 2025. ENSO-neutral and AA. The WG is chaired by INGD and includes
conditions subsequently re-emerge as the most likely representatives from various government sectors,
scenario and remain so during the first and second humanitarian partners, NGOs, and academia. The
quarter of 2025. government is moving towards the development of a
multi-hazard anticipatory action plan, which is likely to
Wind and cyclone risk map happen in 2025.

To date, the WG developed an AA framework on

drought which was recently activated in nine
districts (five in Gaza, two in Tete, and two in Sofala).
Humanitarian partners have been supporting the
Government’s efforts on AA, regularly engaging with
the INGD-led WG to ensure coherence. For drought,
FAO, WFP, Save the Children and IFRC have been
implementing actions targeting up to 300,000 people
countrywide, with a budget of US$8.5M. Regarding
floods, IFRC has been implementing actions, targeting
up to 10,000 people and with a budget of US$550,000.
As to cyclones and cholera, in July, the acting ERC
approved a CERF-funded AA framework of $7.5 million
(cyclones for $6 million and cholera for $1.5 million).
The cyclone framework is nearly finalized, while
discussions are currently ongoing with the Ministry of
Health to discuss the cholera framework.

Humanitarian partners plan to expand the coverage

of the existing AA frameworks to protect more people

from from more hazards.

14
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

and the fact that Mozambique is a downstream country

1.2 Analysis of shocks, risks through which nine major international river systems,
& humanitarian needs draining vast areas of southeastern Africa, flow to
the ocean. On average 385,000 people are affected
by floods ranging from 280,000 to 2.5 million people
(INGD, 1977-2023).

The Humanitarian Country Team in Mozambique

Drought: Drought is a frequent phenomenon with the
agreed that conflict and natural hazards were the
potential to cause long term economic disruptions.
drivers of humanitarian needs and had to be included
Severe drought occurs every 7 to 11 years, with lower
in the scope of the analysis for the 2025 HNRP. The
intensity droughts occurring more regularly (INAM and
following trends were noted;
FEWSNET 2002). On average, 454,000 people affected
by drought ranging from 3,000 to 1.5 million people
Conflict: In 2024 conflict in northern Mozambique
(INGD, 1979-2012).
spiked, with NSAGs gaining strength and expanding
their footprint. Their operational capabilities increased
In 2025, INGD estimates that 2.2 million people will
and they began using improvised explosive devices
be at risk of cyclones, drought, urban and rural floods,
(IEDs) with greater frequency, adding a new layer of
heavy rain and strong winds.
unpredictability that significantly impacted civilians
and disrupted humanitarian efforts. The impact of the Severity of needs and People in Need
conflict was evidenced by the 400 per cent increase
in number of grave violations of children’s rights in Intersectoral Intersectoral
District Severity
the first six months of 2024 compared to all of 2023 PiN target
and the number of people displaced (approximately
Ancuabe 3 126,982 83,282
200,000). Increased violence led to an overall
depression of returns and complex displacement Chiure 3 139,888 139,888

patterns, with newly displaced people moving in Cidade De Pemba 3 84,739 73,366
pendular cycles, displacement was often for shorter
Ibo 3 28,104 22,316
periods and over shorter distances. Many people,
though affected by the conflict, chose to remain in their Macomia 4 116,018 116,018
homes. The instability, however, severely impacted their
Mecufi 3 31,225 30,799
well-being and livelihoods.
Meluco 3 24,153 20,116
With regard to natural hazards, tropical cyclones, floods
and drought were considered the main shocks.Tropical Metuge 3 117,196 53,266

cyclones: Mozambique coastline on the western border Mocimboa Da

4 161,108 161,108
of the Southwest Indian Ocean, is one of the most Praia
active basins of tropical cyclone Every year, this basin
Montepuez 2 75,522 45,265
alone produces about 10 per cent of all cyclones in the
world. Every year tropical cyclones that are formed in Mueda 3 127,956 110,614

this area reach Mozambique, while the depressions Muidumbe 3 79,597 74,305
of lesser intensity occur three to four times a year
Nangade 4 70,534 70,525
(EMU & FEWSNET, 2002). On average 473,000 people
are affected by cyclones ranging from 24,000 to 1.5 Palma 3 61,661 35,885
million people.
Quissanga 4 60,346 60,343

Floods: Mozambique’s high incidence of flooding is

explained by the low elevation of some coastal areas

15
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Timeline of events

February 2022
The number of people displaced rises to 784,319 June 2022
NSAG launch attacks in southern Cabo Delgado (Ancuabe and
September 2022 Chiure districts) displacing 83,983 people.
NSAG launches new attacks in Erati and Memba district
October 2022
in Nampula province displacing 65,000 people. Operation Volcano IV begins in lower part of Muidumbe district
Cholera case detected in Niassa.
January 2023
February 2023 Mozambique Defence Armed Forces (FADM) launched
Cyclone Freddy hits for a first time exacerbated a combined military operation with RDF and the
flooding from heavy seasonal rains. SADC mission forces in northern Macomia, southern
Muidumbe, and Chai, along the Messalo river to
March 2023 dismantle NSAG bases.
Overall physical access to underserved areas in northern
March 2023
Cabo Delgado improved; the road to Pundanhar opened
for the first time since 2020. Cyclone Freddy hits Mozambique a second time bringing rains
surpassing surpasses the average rainy season precipitation; the
July - August 2023 cholera outbreak in Mozambique categorized by WHO as a multi-
Military operation Hard Punch in Katupa Forest, region Grade 3 Public Health Emergency.
Macomia
September 2023
Some 7,000 people are displaced due to attacks or
December 2023 fear of attacks in Mocimboa da Praia, Macomia and
More than 109,000 people were displaced in 2023 Muidumbe.
as result of violence according to IOM realtime IDP
February 2024
emergency tracking tool. Attacks and fear of attacks leads to the displacement of
nearly 100,000 people, the second highest since the start of
March 2024 the conflict.
Cyclone Filipo hit the central part of the country
Peer 2 Peer review mission. Follow-up mission to reflect on
Climate Crisis Coordinator for the El Niño Response the collective humanitarian response
visits Mozambique to understand the impact of El Niño
and climate change in the country. March 2024
Joint UN High Commissioner for Refugees and UN
April 2024 Secretary-General’s Special Adviser on Solutions to Internal
CERF allocates US$6M to the response in Cabo Displacement mission. The duo called for renewed focus on
Delgado. Mozambique displacement

May 2024
June 2024 Macomia attack marks significant shift in insurgent
Increase in insurgent movements in Cabo Delgado and tactics, complicating the operational environment.
Nampula Provinces. Insurgent sightings were recorded The insurgent demonstrated an increased capacity to
in five districts in Cabo Delgado and one district in plan and execute strategic and complex attacks.
Nampula, leading to population movements.
July 2024
August 2024 Acting USG approves CERF funding ($7.5M) for multi-
HCT issued the drought flash apppeal targetting 1.4M hazard AA Framework. The framework covers storms
people out of the 1.8M people in need calling for US$222M ($6M) and cholera ($1.5M)
CERF allocates $7M to the drought response
Nov 2024
Attacks and fear of attacks in Chiure districts in Cabo
December 2024
Delgado province and Erati district in Nampula province
Cyclone CHIDO hit Cabo Delgado, Nampula and Niassa
leads to the displacement of nearly 25,000 people.
Province

16
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Humanitarian outlook & risks 2022) have indicated that they are unlikely to leave
home even if circumstances are similar to those that
Conflict led them earlier to be displaced. As such, the reliance
on displacement as a proxy to conflict will be tested
The attack of Macomia in May 2024 marked a turning and humanitarians will need a better understanding of
point on how humanitarians plans for access to the who is impacted by conflict.
conflict affected population, as they are now more
likely to be targeted alongside state officials and The new operational context requires humanitarian
assets. The use of IEDs by NSAGs poses a growing partners' preparation to deliver in an evolving high-
threat to humanitarian staff’s ability to move by road risk context. As NSAGs expand and mature their
in the central districts of Cabo Delgado. That requires capability and footprint, several factors will contribute
strengthened risk management and security protocols to challenging humanitarian access to conflict affected
and capacity to operate in a context of complex population, among those: the increase military
humanitarian emergency. presence and operations will likely spark increasing
civilian’s displacement and humanitarian needs, with
The conflict and security indicators point to a people having to deal with the consequences of
greater likelihood of NSAGs’ continued attacks and conflict, multiple and pendular displacements, lack of
increased use of IEDs coupled with a degree of jobs, and limited service provision. This will impact
unpredictability over the next six months, further humanitarian access and space, with insecurity
impacting humanitarian access. In this environment, hindering emergency response calling for more
the NSAGs are likely to assert their rule in areas CMCoord dialogue and engagements for safe and
without security forces as part of their strategy to secure relief aid through humanitarian notification
expand territorial control and influence. Security is movements and deconfliction.
expected to remain volatile, which will severely impact
the protection of civilians and humanitarian access in Natural hazards
some areas. NSAGs are likely to continue conducting
attacks in the central areas of Cabo Delgado with the As of mid-October 2024, Mozambique remains in an
purpose of disrupting movement of military assets ENSO-neutral phase, with neither El Niño nor La Niña
and commercial goods between Nampula and Cabo conditions dominating. However, there is a strong
Delgado (N1) along the main axis in between north and likelihood—over 70 per cent—that La Niña conditions
south Cabo Delgado (N380). will develop during November and December 2024.
This shift is expected to bring significant climatic
Humanitarians are expecting lesser displacement impacts, including an increase in the frequency and
in the months to come. Some ‘returnees’ who were intensity of rains and tropical cyclones, with flooding
in some instances forced to return due to dwindling anticipated in areas currently affected by drought.
humanitarian aid (for example half food rations since

Number of people affected by cyclones 2017 - 2024

1.6M

1.1M

736K
551K 469K 454K
290K 186K
73K 24K 50K
Dineo Idai Kenneth Chalane Eloise Gombe Ana Dumako Freddy Fillipo Chido
2017 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

17
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Rainfall patterns suggest a high probability of normal

to above-normal precipitation across southern and
central Mozambique, particularly in Gaza, Inhambane,
Manica, Sofala, and Tete provinces. The first half of the
rainy season (October to December) carries a limited
risk of flooding, but the risk increases significantly
during the second half (January to March). Areas most
vulnerable to floods include the river basins Maputo,
Umbeluzi, Incomáti, Mutamba, Inhanombe, Save,
Savane, and Licungo.

The food security outlook indicates severe challenges.

Between October 2024 and March 2025, 1.8 million
The probability of above-normal tropical cyclone people are estimated to be in IPC Phase 3 or higher,
activity in the Indian Ocean is estimated at 70 per cent, with 510,000 in IPC Phase 4, according to the IPC post-
with an early onset of the cyclone season potentially shock figures.
leading to impact before the end of 2024. While the
IPC map (Oct 2024 - Mar 2025)
Mozambican Channel is expected to experience
slightly below-normal cyclone formation, the projected UNITED REPUBLIC
cyclone trajectories, oriented predominantly towards OF TANZANIA

the west or southwest, could affect inhabited regions ZAMBIA

in Mozambique. Cabo Delgado
Niassa

MALAWI

Nampula

Tete

Zambezia

Manica

Sofala

ZIMBABWE

Inhambane Legend
Gaza Province boundary
District boundary

SOUTH IPC Phases

AFRICA Phase 4 (emergency)
Maputo Phase 3 (crisis)
Phase 2 (stressed)
Maputo City
No data
Data source- SETSAN
ESWATINI
The administrative boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

18
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Part 2:
Humanitarian
response

MOCIMBOA DA PRAIA DISTRICT/ CABO

DELGADO PROVINCE
Women partake in socioeconomic activities at the
Mocimboa Sede.
Photo: UNFPA Mozambique/2024/Mbuto Machili

19
 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

access to services, and sustainable livelihoods to

2.1 Humanitarian response ensure stable re-establishment.
strategy This strategy aims to deliver a coordinated, adaptable,
and people-centered response, addressing urgent
needs while fostering long-term stability and self-
US$352M sufficiency for displaced and affected populations.

Required to support 1.1M people The Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM) remains a
key tool of the humanitarian response. The Rapid
With regard to conflict, the humanitarian response Response Mechanism (RRM) is a key humanitarian
strategy has two main components. The first line of tool providing emergency aid to populations affected
response prioritizes new IDPs and the most severely by conflict, epidemics, natural disasters, or return
conflict-affected individuals, aiming to meet urgent movements. Comprising Solidarités International,
needs through rapid response mechanisms and Action Contre la Faim, FDC, NRC, and IMPACT
deploying mobile teams to areas with limited access to Initiatives, the RRM coordinates first-line responses
essential services. with standardized methods.From January to October
2024, RRM partners addressed 23 alerts in 9 districts
The second line of response focuses on providing
of Cabo Delgado, assisting 22,038 households with
sustained, multi-sectoral assistance to various affected
an average response time of 22 days. Key districts
groups. Key populations include:
included Metuge (6,133 households), Mueda (4,284),
and Macomia (4,056). Alerts were primarily due to
• Rural IDPs and Affected People: Support will
conflict (19), epidemics (3), and one natural disaster.
be provided through livelihood aid, agricultural
interventions, and essential services to prevent MOZAMBIQUE- Cabo Delgado
Rapid response mechanism interventions: Jan-Oct 2024 Production date : 22 Nov. 2024
further vulnerability, foster resilience, and reduce
aid dependency.
TANZANIA

Naschitenge, 1*
Namatil , 1*
Nangade Sede , 1*
Palma

Reached households by month

²
Nangade Mocimboa Da Praia
N'gapa

Mocimboa da Praia 6,920 Total: 22,038

Æ Micomela, 1*
• IDPs in Sites and Urban/Peri-Urban Settings:
* Muadi, 1* Mangoma, 1* *
Number of households
Æ
* M'tamba Æ
Ntotwe, 1* Æ
 Josina Machel, 3* 4,398
4,041
Æ Lyanda, 1*
 Oasse, 2*
Ensuring access to adequate food security, shelter, Nandimba, 2* Imbuo Diaca 2,598

1,499
Eduardo Mondlane, 2* Mpeme, 1* Mbau 724 780 768
Chitunda

health/nutrition services, and educational support

310

September

October
February
January

March

April

May

June

July
Æ Ntchinga, 1*
 Quiterajo

is essential to stabilize these populations.

Mueda
Lutete, 2* 
Æ Matambalale, 2*

Æ Æ Muambula, 1*

Chapa
Chai
Reached households per sector
Muidumbe
Macomia Æ
* 11,661

Localization and Humanitarian-Development Mucojo

10,059
Nanjaba, 1* Æ
 9,497
Collaboration are central to supporting protracted Montepuez
Namigure, 1*
Æ
 592
Macomia Sede, 5*
IDPs. Partnerships with development actors will
Number of reached households per sector
may be duplicated as many interventions
Ibo
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

GSZIVIHQYPXMTPIWIGXSVW

C A B O D E L G A D O Ibo
Quissanga Quirimba

bridge immediate humanitarian needs with long-term

Muaguide

Meluco
Meluco
1 de Maio, 1*
Æ
 Mahate
23 Intervened alerts**
Bilibiza Æ Indique, 1*

infrastructure and economic projects, benefiting both Quissanga
Æ Namange, 1*

Æ Quilite, 1*
 Type of alert
Conflict 83%

IDPs and host communities. Local organizations Epidemic 13%

Natural Disaster 4%

will lead response efforts and build sustainable, Ancuabe Metuge

Metuge
Milamba, 1* Æ Cujupane, 1*
* Number of interventions** by sector

community-based service systems.

Sede, 1*
Namanhumbir
Mesa
Æ
* Natove, 1*

Metoro
Cidade De Pemba Æ
* 16
Murrébuè
13
Æ Ntocota, 1*

Æ
 5

Pathways to durable solutions will support IDPs in The Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM) in Mozambique is a
collaborative initiative of four non-profit Chiure organizations Mecufi Sede, *1
Mecúfi Æ
 2

designed to quickly and effectively addressChiúre

humanitarian
their preferred paths, whether integration, return,
Chiúre Velho
Katapua
0 5 10 15 20

Mazeze
Namuno
needs of affected communities following a shock.
0 20 50 Km
Meloco

or resettlement. This includes facilitating IDP site Cabo Delgado

Intervention type per site
Æ
Main town Data sources: Intervention areas and NGO
coverage- SI, ACF, FCD, NRC 31/10/2024.
Funded by

Æ
 Cash SNFI
Road Admin boundaries: OCHA 2024; Roads
OpenStreetMap contributors, Oct. 2024

transitions in urban and peri-urban areas by offering

District Coordinate System:GCS WGS 1984. File:
Æ
 Food
Æ
* WASH
REACH_Moz_Map_A4_RRMinterventions_Jan_Oct_2024
MOZAMBIQUE Province
Contact: [email protected]
Rapid Response Mechanism base Bordering country
Note: Data, designations and boundaries contained on this

support that encourages local integration. For those Solidarités

ACF
FDC

NRC
*Number of Interventions
**Some interventions were
conducted in multiple sites
map are not warranted to be error-free and do not imply
acceptance by REACH partners, associates or donors
mentioned on this map.

returning or resettling, priority will be given to safety,

20
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Rapid Needs Assessments (RNA) identified urgent community urges donors to provide robust, flexible
priorities such as Food Security, Shelter/NFI, and funding to address immediate humanitarian needs.
WASH. Interventions included rehabilitating water In 2025, humanitarian partners are committed to
points, building latrines, distributing survival kits, cash- continue enhancing alignment between humanitarian
based assistance, and emergency food distribution. In assistance and longer-term recovery and development
2025, RRM partners will maintain first-line aid across initiatives, in close coordination with the Government’s
Cabo Delgado, focusing on key districts like Quissanga, efforts in northern Mozambique, specifically through
Metuge, and Macomia. the Programa de Resiliência e Desenvolvimento
Integrado do Norte de Moçambique and the Plano de
The Joint Response Programme (JRP) managed by Reconstruçáo de Cabo Delgado. The humanitarian
IOM, UNICEF an WFP, is an essential mechanims to community also calls on national authorities and
ensure that multisectoral assistance inckuding, food, stakeholders to continue fostering an environment that
hygiene and household items are provided to people enables the delivery of vital, life-saving assistance and
displaced by conflict in Cabo Delgado. The mechanism ensures unimpeded access to those most vulnerable.
is an integral part of the first line response provided
by humanitarian partners to provide sustenance in the Strategic focus of the humanitarian
wake of violence response strategy

With regard to climate-induced shocks, the In 2025, the most vulnerable groups in Mozambique—
humanitarian strategy is to provide life-saving including displaced, non-displaced, and returnee
assistance in case of a disaster, while building populations, with women and children comprising 75
resilience and readiness by ensuring timely, per cent of those at risk—will continue to face severe
coordinated, and effective response for vulnerable humanitarian needs. These needs arise from multiple
populations. The strategy prioritizes minimum challenges: conflict shocks in Cabo Delgado province
preparedness actions, including pre-positioning in the north, climatic shocks such as floods, droughts,
essential supplies and scaling up anticipatory cyclones, and strong winds in the south and central
actions for hazards like drought, cyclones, and regions, as well as disease outbreaks like cholera
disease outbreaks. Key activities focus on managing across the country. Addressing these challenges
accommodation centers, deploying shelter support, requires a strategic, evidence-based humanitarian
providing emergency food and WASH (Water, response that is tailored to the specific context of
Sanitation, and Hygiene) assistance, and enhancing each district and prioritizes the needs of women, men,
hygiene and protection messaging. The approach boys, and girls.
also emphasizes agricultural support, specialized
GBV case management, mental health, addressing The 2025 Humanitarian Response and Needs Plan
students and teachers psychosocial well-being and (HRNP) outlines a total financial requirement of $352
establishing learning spaces and providing minimum million for conflict-related needs, $17 million for natural
learning supplies to maintain education continuity. disasters, and $7.5 million for anticipatory action. The
With a target of up to 350,000 out of a total caseload plan prioritizes lifesaving and life-sustaining activities,
of 2.2 million people at risk, with a prioritized response targeting 1.3 million people affected by conflict in 15
for accommodation centers, hard-to-reach and rural districts of Cabo Delgado, with minimum preparedness
areas as well as urban zones, the strategy aims to measures for a caseload of up to 350,000
safeguard lives, promote public health, and strengthen people affected by natural disasters. This plan is
community resilience amid crises. complemented by the separate Mozambique Drought
Appeal (Annex 1), covering August 2024 to July 2025.
As humanitarian needs in Mozambique remain severe, Additionally, the government-led Contingency Plan/
driven by conflict-related displacement and extreme Emergency Response Plan (ERP), annexed as Annex
vulnerability to natural disasters, the humanitarian 2, will be activated to respond to potential worsening

21
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

humanitarian conditions. A Flash Appeal may also be Strengthening the gender response to
issued in the event of a natural disaster. improve programming

Rigorous intersectoral data analysis, district-level In line with the updated IASC Policy on Gender
context reviews, and stringent prioritization underpin Equality and the Empowerment of Women and Girls in
the HNRP 2025. Since 2023, funding for Mozambique’s Humanitarian Action, the clusters and humanitarian
HRNP has declined significantly, with the 2024 HRNP partners, with the support of gender expertise, will
funded at 39.7 per cent, compared to 75 per cent in ensure that the planning, implementation, monitoring
2022. In response, humanitarian partners, under the and evaluation of the humanitarian response
leadership of the ICCG and strategic guidance from addresses the specific gendered impacts of the
the HCT, conducted a tight prioritisation exercise, crisis, recognizing that women and girls have been
aiming at prioritizing the bare minimum needs for the disproportionately affected by crisis. This includes:
conflict affected population. The logistics working
group budget was halved, the Education Cluster budget • Strengthening sex, age and disability
reduced by more than 40 per cent while the WASH disaggregated data (SADDD) collection and
Cluster, Child Protection AOR, and CCCM Cluster exploitation, ensuring a targeted, adapted, inclusive
budgets were reduced by one-third. Other clusters, response to the needs of difference population
including Protection (general), FSL, and Coordination groups, and enhancing quality monitoring of the
and Common Services, saw reductions of 10 per cent impact of crises impacts and response activities.
or less, against an already poorly funded scenario
(barely covering 50 per cent of the needs). Notably, • Fostering quality engagement of women and girls
85 per cent of the financial requirement focuses on in consultations, planning and implementation
lifesaving activities aligned with Strategic Objective phases of the humanitarian actions, ensuring
1. Moving forward, the HCT will advocate for flexible that the voices of women in all their diversity
financing mechanisms to adapt to Mozambique's are consistently centered, heard, and amplified
changing operational context and ensure resources are in the humanitarian response through
directed to the most vulnerable populations. comprehensive needs assessments and gender-
responsive reporting.
Strengthening people’s access to aid amid rising
risks. In response to escalating challenges—including • Promoting meaningful and active participation of
increased attacks, targeting of humanitarian Women-Led and Women’s Rights Organizations in
organizations, expanded use of improvised explosive the Humanitarian Programming Cycle, facilitating
devices (IEDs), the first recorded kidnappings of their involvement in preparation and response
humanitarian workers since 2017, and widespread processes, their participation in humanitarian
looting of assets—the Humanitarian Access Working fora and their collaboration with clusters and
Group (HAWG) and Civil-Military Advisory Group partners, to ensure more inclusive and localized
(CMAG) will intensify efforts in 2025 to enable gender programming.
people’s timely access to aid. Key priorities include
The centrality of protection
expanding community acceptance strategies,
enhancing risk management for local community- As per the IASC Protection Policy, 2016, IASC
based organizations (CBOs), adopting “stay-to-deliver” Principals’ Statement on the Centrality of Protection,
approaches, fostering stronger relations with military 2013, the Mozambique HCT endorsed its Protection
actors, improving conflict analysis and sensitivity, and Strategy in June 2023 with the following overall goals:
boosting stakeholder engagement to ensure lifesaving
assistance reaches all those in need, no matter • To mobilise a comprehensive, system-wide
where they are. and multisector effort to prevent or respond

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 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

to the most serious protection risks facing • Protection needs of people impacted by a natural
affected populations disaster, especially those with specific needs, and
dedicated responses are prioritized by the HCT,
• To prevent and stop recurrences of violations; including through support of relevant authorities to
mainstream protection, address and mitigate these
• To redirect the humanitarian response as and when
protection risks.
the protection situation evolves.
The evolution of the situation in 2024 has confirmed
• To enable HCT to focus attention and to take
the relevance of these objectives and triggered focus
action on protection priorities that possibly go
around new protection risks including those linked to
beyond the scope of the HRP, and the protection
the on-going attacks against civilians and displacement
cluster strategy.
as well as the intensified used of improvised explosive
devises by NSAGs which has increased fatalities
• To leverage the expertise, mandates and capacities
against civilians including children.
of different actors in a humanitarian response;

While the implementation of the HCT Protection

• To facilitate humanitarian dialogue, negotiation
strategy remains a collective HCT responsibility, its
and protection advocacy as well as the HCT’s
members plan intervention to address the priority
engagement with a broader range of stakeholders
protection risks not only through advocacy, bilateral,
in taking up their responsibilities in addressing key
multilateral meetings but also through inclusion of
protection risks.
specific activities in the projects that are implemented
Due to the nature and scope of the protection risks in directly or by partners. Specific consideration will
Mozambique, the strategy focuses on the following be made to issues related to protection of civilians,
specific objectives: prevention of displacement, establishment of
mechanisms and development of a strategy to respond
• Promote a protection-centred and right-based to the reintegration needs of individuals liberated
inclusive response to the conflict and natural from NSAGs, prevention of child recruitment and their
disasters of vulnerable affected populations, association with armed actors.
including during displacement, return, relocation,
and local integration of displaced persons in urban To reinforce and monitor the implementation, as well
settings and resettlement sites. as to ensure its update as required by the evolution of
the situation, the HCT members agreed to establish an
• Uphold children’s rights in conflict and Implementation Support Group (ISG), to be constituted
natural disasters. from the HCT member agencies and going to closely
follow up the implementation of the strategy.
• Protect and reintegrate GBV survivors, including
Conflict-Related Sexual violence.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

and complementary frameworks to ensure that aid

2.2 Response boundary- is relevant and coordinated with broader efforts. The
setting, prioritization & response strategy prioritizes interventions based on
geographical severity and population needs, focusing
risk-informed action on districts classified as Severity 4 and Severity 3.
Severity 4 districts, facing the highest risks, will receive
immediate and intensive attention, followed by a
phased response in Severity 3 districts.
To define the scope of its analysis, the Humanitarian
Country Team (HCT) utilized violence and In line with CERF guidance, activities will center on
displacement as key indicators of conflict. In 2024, the life-saving interventions, though some life-sustaining
majority of displacement was concentrated in Cabo activities were included, particularly in districts with
Delgado, with a brief spillover of internally displaced IPC 3+ population, to prevent a further deterioration of
persons (IDPs) into Nampula. The provinces of Niassa the humanitarian situation. The targeted population
and Nampula were not classified as conflict-affected includes internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees,
areas and were not included in the needs analysis, and non-displaced individuals within affected areas.
which focused exclusively on Cabo Delgado.
Regarding conflict-related needs, the HCT agreed to
Within Cabo Delgado, the displacement analysis analyze the requirements of specific population groups,
revealed that 15 of 17 districts had populations where including IDPs, returnees, affected individuals (e.g.,
more than 10 per cent were comprised of IDPs and host communities and those who remained in place),
returnees. Consequently, and as a result of the schock and refugees.
analysis, the districts of Balama and Namuno, were not
included in the needs analysis. In addressing natural hazards, the HCT will focus
on populations impacted by such events. Using
The boundary settings for the response planning projections from the National Institute for Disaster
process incorporated a critical "reality check" to Management (INGD), the Mozambique Humanitarian
evaluate the capacity of humanitarian actors to deliver Country Team planned to prepare for a potential
effectively, drawing on insights from past delivery caseload of 350,000 individuals likely to be affected
performance within the country. Data analysis from by disasters. This preparation includes prepositioning
the 2024 HNRP (the 5Ws) implementation was used a common humanitarian pipeline and implementing
to quantify the number of people reached by various anticipatory action measures for cyclones, floods and
clusters at the district level, while district-specific cholera outbreaks.
joint analyses conducted by clusters provided
contextual knowledge to complement the overarching Risk-informed planning
assessment. Contextual knowledge was critical in
The main drivers of risk and anticipated shocks, which
accounting for changes in the operating environment,
could affect the humanitarian needs in Mozambique in
including security risks and logistical challenges,
2025 include: conflict, cyclones, floods, strong winds,
which had influenced delivery throughout the year.
disease outbreak and drought.
The scope of the response was determined through
the Joint Inter-Sectoral Needs Analysis (JIAF), which Conflict risks
identified geographic areas with the highest needs.
Additionally, population group analyses revealed Since 2022, the Mozambican Defence and Security
distinct vulnerabilities across groups, leading to Forces (DFS), supported by the Rwanda Defence
the conclusion that no group could be deprioritized Forces (RDF) under a bilateral agreement and
in the response planning. For this reason, the HCT the Southern African Development Community
decided to align the humanitarian response with (SADC) military mission (SAMIM), had successfully
local priorities established by affected communities regained control of areas previously held by NSAGs.

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Stabilization projects, the provision of basic social Humanitarian-development collaboration

services by development partners and private sector
companies, and efforts to restore livelihoods through To foster humanitarian-development collaboration
the government reconstruction plans and other clusters were advised to review humanitarian
development initiatives had created conditions for needs against the availability of basic services
returns, this combined with insufficient assistance particularly in areas of Cabo Delgado where there
in displacement areas. On July 15, 2024, SADC has been significant investment by development
officially withdrew its military mission, SAMIM, partners and IFIs.
from Mozambique.
This approach allowed for a clearer understanding
In July 2024, the RDF and Mozambican Government of the gaps between urgent humanitarian needs and
Forces launched a military offensive, including aerial existing service provisions, enabling more targeted
bombardments, targeting the main NSAG bases along support. By evaluating the level of access to essential
the coastal areas of Macomia and Mocímboa da services such as healthcare, water, sanitation, and
Praia districts. While these operations successfully education, development and humanitarian actors could
dislodged the NSAGs from their strongholds, they prioritize interventions, aiming to strengthen resilience
had unintended consequences. The NSAGs have and address underlying vulnerabilities more effectively.
splintered into smaller, more mobile units, creating an This integrated analysis fostered a more cohesive
unpredictable operating environment. These groups are response, bridging emergency relief efforts with longer-
now reoccupying former bases in Nangade and Palma term development objectives.
districts and expanding into new areas, leading to fresh
displacements and heightened humanitarian needs in The humanitarian needs analysis was built on a series
regions that were previously stable. of humanitarian assessments including the IOM-DTM
Mobility Tracking Assessment Round 21 conducted
The NSAGs have escalated their use of improvised in June 2024 and the Multi Sector Needs Analysis
explosive devices (IEDs), posing severe risks to conducted in July 2024. The information was used
civilians and humanitarian workers. Alarmingly, they to assess the severity of needs, complemented by
are also recruiting more children, including girls, an analysis of development interventions – including
into combat operations, potentially fostering a new solutions investments - and district profiles. The
generation of fighters that can sustain their activities. analysis also referred to the Integrated Food Security
Additionally, increased community engagement and Phase Classification (IPC) 2024 data, and intention
acceptance of NSAGs among local populations surveys by UNHCR. Additional assessment included
complicates the situation further. This creates the UNDP-led Infrastructure Damage Assessment
significant operational challenges for humanitarian in Cabo Delgado (November 2022), the Health
partners, including risks in planning road-based Resources and Services Availability Monitoring
aid delivery, difficulties in accurately targeting and System (HeRAMS 2024) and the FAO-led Land
distinguishing beneficiaries, and rising humanitarian Availability, Accessibility & Use for Internally Displaced
needs amid growing insecurity. People (IDPs), Returnees and Host Communities in
Northern Mozambique (2023). The database of the
Natural disaster risks Government of Mozambique on development activities
implemented within the framework of the programme
Every year the National Institute for Disaster for the reconstruction of Cabo Delgado as well as
Management identifies the number of people at the northern resilience and integrated development
risk of natural disasters during the development of programme (PREDIN) were considered. Moreover,
the Government contingency plan. In 2025, INGD multi-stakeholders consultations with development
estimates that 2.2 million people will be at risk of partners were held throughout the 2025 HNRP process.
cyclones, drought, urban and rural floods, heavy rain
and strong winds.

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Strategic objective 1 (life-saving)

2.4 Strategic objectives
Save lives and alleviate suffering through safe,
equitable, inclusive, gender-responsive, conflict-
sensitive, and principled inter-sectoral assistance to the
The 2025 Mozambique Humanitarian Response Plan most vulnerable groups, including internally displaced
aims to ensure an inclusive and dignified humanitarian people, non-displaced persons, and host communities,
response to the people most vulnerable. Humanitarian and returnees with protection lens.
partners have jointly agreed on three strategic
objectives that will guide the humanitarian response to Strategic objective 2 (life-sustaining)
support IDPs in sites, IDPs in urban areas, IDPs in rural
areas, returnees and host communities in 2024. Enhance inclusive, timely and adapted access to
essential services, including assistance that will
The humanitarian response will have to adapt to strengthen the livelihoods and resilience of people
the specific needs and context. The provision of impacted by or at risk of crises.
humanitarian assistance will be tailored to the
different challenges that IDPs, returnees and affected
host communities face, taking into account patterns
Strategic objective 3 (protection)
and type of displacement (protracted vs. recent
Address the protection risks and protection
displacement and in-district vs out-of-district, in-site
needs of affected people - women and girls, men,
vs out-of-site displacement) the level of basic social
and boys - with the aim of safeguarding their
services available in areas of displacements and return
dignity while strengthening the overall protection
areas and the protection environment. Displaced
of civilians and the protection environment in
persons returning to areas of origin may continue
Mozambique through collective and multi-sectoral
experiencing short-term acute humanitarian needs.
action in line with commitments to gender equality
Humanitarian actors will advocate principled returns,
principles, the centrality of protection, prevention
integration and resettlement including the sustainability
of sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights
of these durable solutions options.
considerations.

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and adaptive access strategies. The latter includes

2.5 Planning assumptions, flights to maintain safe, flexible access, regular risk
operational capacity and assessment and humanitarian notification system with
national and international Security and Defense Forces.
access, & response trends
Administrative and visa challenges: Short-term
humanitarian visas (limited to three months with
six-month extensions) and complex NGO registration
Overview processes are likely to continue impacting on the
timely deployment of humanitarian personnel. Delays
The response plan is based on a scenario that sees from government processes and requirements for
significant humanitarian needs across Cabo Delgado. permits may cause temporary gaps in aid delivery.
This is the result of the convergence of violence These challenges may affect personnel continuity and
against civilians, displacement, limited service require close coordination with government authorities
provision in return areas and food insecurity. The total to streamline visa and registration processes.
number of people affected by conflict is expected to
remain approximately one million – including IDPs and Community acceptance and perception of neutrality:
returnees. Pendular movements are likely to continue Mixed communities and NSAG “winning hearts
in 2025 with a slowdown in returns. Efforts to integrate and minds” campaigns in Cabo Delgado, including
displaced people will continue in 2025. Ibo, Macomia, Nangade, Quissanga, have altered
community dynamics, requiring focused community
The security environment is likely to continue to engagement and do-no-harm principles to maintain
be volatile, and as such humanitarian partners may humanitarian neutrality and acceptance. Local
continue to face localized access constraints across partnerships, real-time information sharing and
Cabo Delgado. Access constraints include insecurity, continued dialogue with religious and community
restrictions on movements, or bureaucratic and leaders will be essential to sustain access
administrative impediments. To maintain flexibility
and operational responsiveness, humanitarians will Improving information sharing: Limited sharing
invest in context monitoring, risk management and information from humanitarian organizations, as seen
engagement strategies, in particular with local actors in the 2024 Access survey, affects the accuracy of
and military forces on the ground through strengthened access assessments. Ensuring comprehensive and
Civil Military Coordination in close collaboration with systematic reporting and collaboration on access
the Civil Military Advisory Group (CMAG) and greater monitoring (AMRF) update will help identify needs and
localization efforts will be supported. patterns and trends contributing to improved planning
and advocacy.
More specifically the following issues will
continue to persist: Seasonal and infrastructure limitations: Seasonal
rains and cyclones will likely disrupt overland access,
Security and conflict dynamics: Continued NSAGs, especially in remote and coastal areas, limiting
,counterinsurgency activity, the use of IEDs and ground transport during certain periods. Flexible
potential post-election volatility are expected to affect transport, pre-positioning supplies, updated mapping
access in key districts, including Chiure, Macomia, of accessible routes will be essential for maintaining
Nangade, Meluco, Muidumbe, Mocimboa da Praia and assistance continuity in affected districts.
Quissanga. This will require support with planning and
preparation to humanitarian partners by developing Normal to below normal rainfall projected for the
security risk management protocols, specialized northern part of the country could impact the
training on humanitarian response in hostile production of the main agricultural campaign, further
environments, reliance on alternative transport/routes impacting the food insecurity of the region.

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 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Operational capacity Access, constraints and challenges

In 2024, some 71 humanitarian organisations in In Cabo Delgado, certain districts like Macomia, Chiure,
Mozambique, including 34 international NGOs, 17 Mocimboa da Praia, and Quissanga faced significant
national NGOs, 7 UN Agencies, and 13 Government access barriers due to NSAG activity, armed clashes,
delivered humanitarian assistance within the and military operations. These challenges were
framework of the 2024 HRNP. While not being part of compounded by increased aerial operations, which
the 2024 HRNP, OCHA has completed mapping of 20 not only restrict access but also elevate protection
new local Community Based Organizations (CBOs) risks for both civilians and humanitarian staff. Yet,
in Macomia, Quissanga, Nangade, and Mocimboa adjacent districts such as Muidumbe and Meluco
da Praia districts, aimed at strengthening the local remain mostly accessible, providing viable entry
capacity of the first line of responders ahead of the points to reach displaced populations. Effective
2025 HRNP. Capacity assessments for the local CBOs coordination and planning will be essential in utilizing
were ongoing at the time of publication of the HNRP. these routes to ensure timely and safe assistance to
vulnerable communities.
In 2024, there were two main operational humanitarian
hubs in Mozambique. The first hub is in Maputo, the Additionally, recurrent visa renewals and prolonged
national capital, and covers the country. The second NGO registration processes hinder personnel
hub is in Pemba, the capital of Cabo Delgado province, continuity, creating further obstacles in effective aid
and covering response in northern Mozambique delivery. To address this, advocacy efforts will focus
focusing on Cabo Delgado. To complement NGO on fostering government collaboration on provincial
presence outside Pemba, the UN established area and national levels and streamlining these processes
hubs in Mueda and Mocimboa da Praia districts to minimize delays and support uninterrupted
covering catchment area of 257,000 people targeted humanitarian assistance.
and 169,000 people respectively. In 2024, the UN also
cleared and approved UN accommodation in four new The presence of IEDs, particularly in and along
districts (Ancuabe, Metuge, Mueda, and Mocimboa da roads in the coastal areas, significantly impacts
Praia) to increase UN presence outside Pemba and access. Awareness raising in IED/UXOs is important
facilitate area-based responses closer to the affected and requires continued investments The use of
populations in the 2025 HRNP. armored vehicles, and improved information-sharing
on safety measures to protect staff and facilitate
With full funding, Mozambique’s humanitarian safer operations in these zones. Together, these
response can effectively have a strong mix of local strategies will help ensure a more effective and
and international NGOs, strategically located in resilient humanitarian response in the face of
districts and equipped to reach remote areas. Local ongoing challenges.
partnerships enhance flexibility and community
acceptance, critical in high-risk zones. Investments Response trends
in mobile teams, flexible transport, armored vehicles,
By the end of September 2024, an estimated 1.39
and ongoing staff training will ensure safe, efficient
million people were reached with some form of
operations amid security challenges. Collaborating
humanitarian assistance and protection services,
with local organizations to strengthen their capacity in
including 666,993 men; 722,575 women; and 792,054
security risk management and contingency planning
children. People reached included internally displaced
will further enhance effectiveness. By integrating
people (IDPs), returnees, and host communities. A
local knowledge and resources, the response can be
more granular analysis of the assistance provided
tailored to specific community needs, leading to more
reveals that while in Cabo Delgado the assistance
sustainable humanitarian outcomes.
provided was multisectoral in Niassa assistance
was provided by two clusters (Education and FSL).

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

In Nampula, multisectoral assistance was provided risk analysis principles, ensuring that aid aligns
in Erati district in response to the IDP outflow from with safety and protection priorities. Enhanced data
Cabo Delgado. collection and information-sharing mechanisms with
contextualized and flexible reporting practices will be
In Cabo Delgado, between January and September essential in 2025 to improve access monitoring and
2024, FSL partners reached 962,608 unique response planning. Operational plans will also prioritize
beneficiaries across 14 districts of Cabo Delgado, decentralized CivMil coordination in districts with
yet they have covered only 13.02 per cent of the high civilian protection needs, such as Ibo, to mitigate
food needs of the targeted people. In terms of access barriers and maintain a continuous presence in
livelihoods, during the last main agricultural season critical areas.
(2023-2024), FSL partners only reached 357,000
people with agricultural inputs. Some 445,000 women Coordination
and children were reached with nutrition services;
345,000 people were reached with clean and safe In 2024, district coordination structures were
water; 180,000 people received shelter and NFIs operational in 14 out of 17 districts of Cabo Delgado
assistance; and 143,000 people were reached with in promotion of area-based coordination. District
non-formal learning opportunities and supported to coordination groups (co-chaired by OCHA and SPDI
access formal education services in Cabo Delgado, acting as the government agency focal point) were
Niassa and Nampula. operational in 10 districts while service provider
mechanism groups (co-chaired by OCHA, CCCM and
As a result of funding constraints, food rations were SPDI) were operational in four other districts. Both
halved and distributed every other month impacting structures collected important voices, priorities,
quality response and the calorific value of the and feedback from the affected communities and
people. The number of host communities assisted local district authorities on the ground and feeding
went beyond the initial target. The overreach can be into the provincial level subnational/Area ICCG. For
attributed to the fact that during the planning phase the some sectors like education, partners and local
number of people in host communities was calculated authorities also engaged through sectorial district
to match the number of IDPs, on a one-to-one basis. level coordination mechanisms. At the Cabo Delgado
However, as the crisis continued, it became clear that provincial level, the subnational/Area ICCG is based in
many more people— including those who had not fled Pemba and composed clusters supported by various
but remained in their homes —were in urgent need and working groups including the HAWG, CMAG, Gender,
the humanitarian response was expanded to support PSEA Network, and CE/AAP. The Subnational/Area
all those affected by the crisis. ICCG feeds into the Subnational/Area HCT in Pemba.
For the rest of the provinces, each province has an
Access suspensions in districts like Macomia and HCT focal point, who is the most senior UN staff in
Quissanga due to attacks have highlighted the need the province or a senior humanitarian. These focal
for adaptive, mobile response teams, humanitarian points represent the HCT at the provincial level and
notification system and enhanced security measures. support and facilitate coordination with provincial
Effective engagement with communities and government through the national cluster, including
stakeholders proved essential for maintaining coordination with INGD and among humanitarian
acceptance in these volatile areas, reinforcing the actors to complement emergency response efforts.
importance of flexibility in high-constraint areas. The provincial HCT feeds into the National ICCG and to
Limited access constraint incident reporting from the National HCT in Maputo.
partners, however, posed challenges for accurately
assessing operational feasibility and adapting to real- In 2025, the coordination structure will be adapted
time access barriers. to ensure it remains fit-of-purpose, and in line with
recommendations from the February 2024 Peer-to-Peer
In 2025, the response will emphasize flexible mission to Mozambique.
mechanisms grounded in do-no-harm and protection

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Humanitarian coordination architecture for Cabo Delgado in 2024

Civil-Military Advisory Area Humanitarian Country Team (AHCT) National Gender Adviser
Group Chair & Secretariat: OCHA
Members: FAO, IOM, OCHA, OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, Inter-Agency PSEA
UNICEF, UNOPS, UN-Habitat, UN-WOMEN, WFP, WHO, INGOs Representa- Coordinator
Humanitarian Access tives (rotational), NNGOs (CCM, Fundação Wiwanana, PROMURA)
Working Group
Observers: ICRC (and during climate emergencies, IFRC), MSF, Protection
Cluster

Working Group
Cabo Delgado Area Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (AICCG) Community Engagement/
Accountability to Affected
Niassa Focal Point (tbc) Chair: OCHA
population (AAP)
Members: Cluster Coordinators & Co-coordinators: Camp Coordination
Humanitarina Gender
and Camp management; Protection (including Child Protection and GBV
PSEA Network
AoRs; Education; Food Security and Livelihoods; Health; Nutrition; Shelter
Nampula Focal Point
(WFP) and NFIs; WASH; Mental Health & Psycosocial Support (MHPSS) Working
Group.

Clusters

Food Security & CCCM Health Nutrition WASH Education Protection Shelter/NFIs
Livelihoods Chair: IOM Chair: WHO Chair: UNICEF Chair: UNICEF Chair: UNICEF Chair: UNHCR Chair: IOM
Chair: WFP Chair: SCI GBV AoR: UNFPA
Chair: FAO CP AoR: UNICEF
HLP AoR: UNHCR/NRC
Working Groups

Agriculture Working Cholera Taskforce Disability and inclusion

Group MHPSS Working Group Working Group

communications with affected populations, including

2.6 Accountable, inclusive & women, children, boys, and girls. Improving protection
remains a cornerstone of the humanitarian response.
quality programming
Accountability to affected people & people-
centred response

The humanitarian response is grounded in a rights-

Humanitarian partners in Mozambique are committed
based approach, prioritizing the effective delivery
to the principles of quality and inclusive programming.
of aid to the affected communities while ensuring
This includes a response anchored in the centrality of
accountability and respect for their rights and dignity.
protection and do-no harm approaches, as well as a
To improve accountability to affected people (AAP),
response that is owned and delivered in partnership
humanitarian partners are committed to coordine AAP
with communities and informed by two-way
initiatives, fostering a people-centered response that

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

continuously adapts to the evolving needs of affected channels to provide a real-time, coordinated picture
communities. of community needs.

In 2024, the CE/AAP Working Group has been 2. Collective Key Messaging: Supporting platforms
focused on understanding the CE/AAP landscape and for clear and consistent communication with
identifying gaps; building interagency AAP capacity; affected communities about the response and
and strengthening existing community feedback their feedback.
mechanisms (CFMs), referral pathways and two-way
communication channels to further create spaces for 3. AAP Capacity Sharing: Strengthening the ability of
affected communities to meaningfully participate in humanitarian partners to respond to community
the decision-making processes. These mechanisms concerns through training and resource-sharing.
are designed to not only allow communities to provide
4. Advocacy for Inclusive, Gender-Responsive
feedback but also to ensure that the feedback is acted
Aid: Ensuring aid is equitable, accessible, and
upon in a transparent and responsive manner.
tailored to vulnerable groups, while adhering to
One of the challenges faced has been “closing the humanitarian principles.
feedback loop”, with communities unaware of the
The CE/AAP Working Group remains committed to
actions (or lack thereof) taken based on their feedback.
ensuring that the voices of affected populations are
Often, affected populations are uncertain whether
not only heard but also acted upon in a meaningful
their concerns have led to any improvements in the
way. By promoting coordination, transparency, and
response. A key issue arises when action needed to
participation, the group will continue to improve the
address feedback falls outside the immediate remit
accountability of humanitarian interventions. The
of the agency receiving the input, or when it requires
goal is for communities to be active stakeholders in
collective action across multiple organizations.
shaping the response, building a more accountable and
This can create frustration and a perceived gap in
effective humanitarian system in 2025 and beyond.
accountability.

Protection from sexual

In 2025, efforts to strengthen collective accountability
exploitation and abuse
will be expanded through enhanced coordination of
AAP mechanisms with a broad range of stakeholders
Protection Against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
in the response, including local authorities, community-
(PSEA) is a top priority for humanitarian partners and
based organizations, community groups, and the
authorities in crisis-affected locations in Mozambique.
affected populations themselves. Humanitarian
PSEA Networks are in place at national and Cabo
partners will work together to implement community-
Delgado levels, to support prevention and response
centered approaches, integrating community
to sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). They are
perspectives at every stage of the response—from
co-chaired by WFP and Plan International at the
design and implementation to ongoing adjustments.
national level and by IOM and Save the Children in
This will promote local ownership of the response
Cabo Delgado. Networks are composed of agency/
and foster active, sustained participation from the
organizational focal points under the overall leadership
community, which in turn will help build trust and
of the Humanitarian Coordinator. A full time Inter-
resilience for long-term recovery.
Agency PSEA Coordinator is in place, to ensure
technical assistance and capacity building in support
Key components of this collective accountability
of the humanitarian community, through the PSEA
effort include:
Networks. The humanitarian response in Mozambique
1. Collective Trends Analysis: Aggregating and has been implementing PSEA efforts, aligning with
analyzing community feedback from multiple CFM best practices from IASC and the Office of the Special

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Coordinator for Improving the UN Response to Sexual reporting line for SEA with operators regularly trained
Exploitation and Abuse (UN-OSCSEA). on PSEA with capacity and commitments to securely
refer SEA cases to PSEA focal points within 24 hours
Mozambique has in place a 2-year PSEA action plan of receiving a case. The hotline furthermore confirms
that takes into account SEA risks identified through the referral to the reporting actor and verifies that
inter-agency SEA risk assessments (2021 and 2023), contact has been made with the survivor. Noting
analysis of case trends, inter-agency community that community preferences are for face-to-face
engagement and AAP assessments (2024), and communication and phone ownership is low, functional
most recently the Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment community-based feedback mechanisms with teams
(2024). Regular gender assessments also contribute that are trained on PSEA, are thus key to capture SEA
to this effort. cases early on, enabling a timely and effective follow
up. This is being ensured through close engagement of
Collectively, these assessments demonstrate that SEA
the PSEA network with the CE/ AAP working group.
risks are heightened by structural inequalities and
uneven power dynamics in households, combined with In 2025 PSEA priorities will include:
gender and social norms which include normalization
of gender-based violence and survival sex for women • Continued and enhanced training to ensure
and girls in times of crisis. These risks are further all humanitarian actor’s understanding of the
exacerbated in the context of increasingly reduced PSEA principles and associated responsibilities,
funding and thus, limited capacity of humanitarian including mandatory reporting and follow up and
actors to meet the critical needs of the affected investigations procedures.
population. Furthermore, the critical role played by
local leaders as information providers and mobilisers • Enhanced efforts around HR and security
regarding access to humanitarian aid of affected induction processes including induction
populations, presents both opportunities and risks. training, understanding of codes of conduct
Local leaders are trusted by the communities as and collaboration between organisations for
information providers and communities approach accountable recruitment processes.
leaders first in cases of concerns. They can play a key
• Ongoing cooperation of the PSEA Networks with all
role in PSEA efforts, while the significant power they
clusters to mainstream and protect communities
have for targeting and beneficiary registrations also
against sexual exploitation and abuse, with
presents notable risks in light of prevalent negative
targeted engagement with the Protection Cluster,
gender norms.
Child Protection and GBV Areas of Responsibility.
Communities seem to understand that SEA This is aimed at ensuring that survivors, including
is forbidden but they are not confident that children, are provided with an appropriate and
assistance is free. This calls for strengthened holistic response in line with the UN Victim
community engagement efforts on this matter. Assistance Protocol.
Limited understanding and awareness of rights
• Work closely with the Gender Working Group for
of communities and to the obligation to report by
Humanitarian Action to ensure that interagency
humanitarian actors through the existing reporting
gender equality programming is in place to
channels, highlights the urgent need for enhanced
prevent sexual exploitation and abuse and bring
continuous capacity-building efforts on mandatory
transformational change.
reporting, as well as, building trust and capacity in
follow up procedures and investigations.
• Enable strengthened local investigations capacity
working with international investigations bodies,
The Linha Verde 1458, which is, the inter-agency
focusing on local organisations.
toll-free emergency response hotline is the central

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 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

• Establish effective ways to leverage local leaders as a key problem. Enabling services and facilities, such
as agents for change including through active as those related to hygiene and sanitations, especially
dissemination of INGDs code of conduct for for women with disabilities, have also been deemed
humanitarian actors coupled. inaccessible.

• Active collaboration with relevant government In addition, existing data on disability is limited
entities, namely INGDs Social and Environmental due to inadequate information collection methods
Safeguarding Division and with the Attorney and questionnaires. The existing limitation has
General’s Office’s criminal division and reference affected negatively the planning and delivery of
groups, to enable alignment and capacity- humanitarian services. Recent initiatives have
development on effective referral and processing confirmed the underestimation of disability prevalence
of SEA reports against local actors, noting that in humanitarian settings in Mozambique, providing
some aspects of SEA are considered crimes in the estimates that go beyond 30 per cent. Mental health
Mozambican Penal Code. impairments and age are significant contributors to
disability prevalence, yet there have been enough
• Continue significant efforts to prevent sexual efforts to address the same. There are inadequate
exploitation and abuse including by incorporating policies, guidance, regulations, and standards for
awareness-raising sessions during rapid disability support services in different areas. There
assessment and response missions, regularly is significant inequality in access to mainstream
training affected communities on PSEA, and services between persons with disabilities and those
delivering information on beneficiaries’ rights without. Equally, disaster risk reduction response to
and reporting channels for complaints during emergencies continues to have gaps in the provision
distributions. of adequate protection for persons with disabilities
in humanitarian crisis and emergencies. To address
Disability inclusion these issues, a United Nations Partnerships on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities study identified
Mozambique has shown a strong commitment to
several priorities for UN support to advance disability
promoting and protecting the rights of persons with
inclusion in Mozambique. These include supporting
disabilities, as evidenced by passing the first Disability
a comprehensive and inclusive legal and policy
Act in 2024, following its ratification of the UN
reform process for disability inclusion, strengthening
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
coordination and oversight in the implementation of
(CRPD) in 2012 and its ratification of the Protocol
disability commitments, addressing gaps in disability
to the African Charter on Human and People Rights
inclusive budgeting, supporting the development
on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa
of national capacity for the collection of disability
(ADP) in 2022.
disaggregated data, and supporting persons with
However, the country still faces challenges in disabilities and their representative organizations
translating the rights of persons with disabilities in advocacy and awareness raising. The study also
commitments into concrete policies, systems, emphasized the need for the UN to develop its capacity
programs, and services. Persons with disabilities face to mainstream disability inclusion in planning and
barriers to participation and inclusion at all levels, programming. Response to the needs of persons
including family, community, and state. Persons with disabilities requires collective support. Therefore,
with disabilities affected by humanitarian crisis in when revised, this issue needs to be covered in a
Mozambique have reported specific barriers related to comprehensive manner through the HCT Protection
the access to services, including lack of information, Strategy. There is also a need for data collection
fear of injury and long distances. The lack of or on persons with disabilities in a centralized and
limited disability inclusion awareness and skill among harmonized manner that could allow proper analysis
humanitarian professionals has also been pointed out and programing.

33
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

To address these issues, a United Nations Partnerships

on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities study 2.8 Multipurpose cash
identified several priorities for UN support to advance
disability inclusion in Mozambique. These include
supporting a comprehensive and inclusive legal
and policy reform process for disability inclusion, Over the past years, the Government of Mozambique
strengthening coordination and oversight in the (GoM) has taken important steps to put in place and
implementation of disability commitments, addressing strengthen the national social protection system (SPS),
gaps in disability inclusive budgeting, supporting the in alignment with international best practices. This
development of national capacity for the collection of despite the many different actors and preferences,
disability disaggregated data, and supporting persons programs, policies, instruments, institutions, financing,
with disabilities and their representative organizations and often difficult trade-offs that this entailed. In terms
in advocacy and awareness raising. The study also of CVA for humanitarian purposes, Mozambique’s
emphasized the need for the UN to develop its experience with Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA)
capacity to mainstream disability inclusion in planning during past emergencies demonstrates its flexibility,
and programming. efficiency, and ability to empower affected people while
strengthening local markets and systems. Vouchers
were used for the first time in the country in 2016-
2017, in response to El Niño-induced drought, where
2.7 Cost of the response it supported rapid recovery by allowing households to
purchase necessary goods and services.

In Mozambique, the Ministry of Gender, Children and

Costing methodology Social Action (Ministério do Género, Criança e Acção
Social - MGCAS) is the government institution that
Mozambique’s HNRP is a hybrid plan which includes directs and coordinates the execution of government
project-based and activity-based submissions by policies in the areas of Direct Social Action and
clusters. Project owners include UN organizations, Productive Social Action. Within MGCAS, the National
national and international non-governmental Direction for Social Assistance (DNAS) is responsible
organizations (NGOs). Each cluster produces a cost- for the definition of policies for social action, as well as
per-beneficiary estimate, which combines the costs coordination and supervision of social action activities.
associated with in-kind supplies, cash provision In turn, the National Institute of Social Action (Instituto
(where appropriate), and expenses associated with the de Accão Social - INAS), an institution subordinated
physical delivery of assistance (logistics, staff, security to MGCAS, is responsible for the execution of direct
and other overheads). and productive social action programmes (including
cash disbursements) in coordination with other
Projects in each cluster were vetted by cluster governmental and non-governmental organizations
coordinators and further peer-reviewed by OCHA to . The National Institute for Management and Disaster
ensure adherence to overall strategic objectives. A Risk Disaster (Instituto Nacional de Gestão e Redução
number of clusters have seen their cost per person do Risco de Desastres – INGD) provides in-kind
increase due primarily to inflationary pressures on assistance in response to humanitarian crises and it
commodities. The average cost per beneficiary ranges has not been involved in cash programming or cash
between U$39 and $81. disbursement.

34
 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Donors and humanitarian partners are currently an accurate and adaptive understanding of the
working towards scaling up the wider CVA, given other situation across different timescales and regions.
positive experiences at the country and regional level.
In fact, CVA has the potential to improve humanitarian Situational monitoring
response through:
Key indicators—such as population displacement,
• Rapid and Timely Assistance: Cash can level of food insecurity, malnutrition rates prevalence,
allow for the flexible and rapid distribution of resource availability, security incidents, and public
humanitarian assistance. health metrics will be regularly tracked to collect and
analyze information about conditions in a specific area
• Flexible Assistance: The flexibility that CVA or context, especially during crises or rapidly changing
can offer (by allowing people to prioritize their environments. By maintaining a continuous flow of
needs) can support a more impactful and data from various sources, situational monitoring
relevant response. enables humanitarian organizations responders to
adjust their strategies quickly, prioritize resources, and
• Market and Economic Impact: By using CVA during implement timely interventions.
a response, it can stimulate market economies and
support market recovery post disaster. Risk monitoring

Cost Efficiency: Global studies show that cash can be Risk monitoring helps identify emerging risks
more efficient for humanitarian response. Evidence early, adapt their plans, and implement preventive
from global studies highlight that 18 per cent more measures. This proactive approach is essential for
people could be reached at no extra cost through the minimizing harm, protecting resources, and ensuring
delivery of cash instead of in-kind food. the preparedness and resilience of communities
and projects facing uncertain environments. Risk
Moreover, CVA enables affected communities to make monitoring is of paramount importance during the
decisions that best address their immediate needs, rainy/ cyclonic season in Mozambique. Through
respecting their preferences and dignity. systematic engagement with INGD, INAM and
National Water Directorate the humanitarian team will
analyze trends to understand their likelihood, timing,

2.9 Monitoring and potential impact. With regard to conflict, risk

monitoring will be conducted through the Humanitarian
Access Working Group.

Response monitoring
Monitoring of humanitarian needs will be undertaken
throughout the year to assess risks and changes The Humanitarian Country Team will oversee progress
in context and any implications for response of the implementation of the HRP through the regular
operations and strategy. Various types of monitoring review of the Humanitarian Monitoring Framework.
will be conducted using multiple sources to ensure
comprehensive data collection and timely response. The Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and the
Real-time monitoring will capture immediate changes Information Management Working Group will monitor
through on-the-ground reports from field staff and inter-sectoral outcome indicators and operational
community feedback; periodic assessments will be programme and physical presence data, and track
conducted to provide a broader overview of trends progress against output indicators. Response
and evolving needs, drawing from local authorities, achievement data will be reported at district level and
NGOs, and community leaders. By employing diverse disaggregated by population group (refugees, internally
monitoring methods, the response team can maintain displaced people, returnees and non-displaced), and
sex and age.

35
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Cluster response monitoring will be undertaken capturing the progress towards the HNRP objectives
through sectoral monitoring. Each cluster has defined and associated funding status, as reported in the
its objectives, linked to the overarching strategic Financial Tracking Service.
objectives, disaggregated people targeted to district
level, as well as demographically, with a focus on the Cluster indicators have been classified as directly
most vulnerable groups as identified by each cluster. or indirectly supporting people to allow for a more
All clusters will report progress against selected nuanced tracking of reach. Direct indicators refer to
indicators through the 5Ws mapping tool (Who does activities such as which in-kind assistance, supplies,
What, Where, For Whom and When) on a monthly cash or services are provided to households or
basis. The clusters will also encourage their partners individuals. Indirect indicators refer to those activities
to monitor the implementation of funded projects that have an impact at the community level or for
regularly in the field to make sure that good quality which detailed tracking of the number of recipients of
services are delivered, related issues regarding SEA, assistance is not possible. For example, provision of
disability and inclusion as well as AAP are considered clean water or hygiene kits will be considered a direct
and implemented followed. The United Nations indicator, while hygiene promotion through different
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs mediums will be considered an indirect indicator. Total
(OCHA) will publish a monthly inter-sectoral response reach, reach by direct and reach by indirect indicators
dashboard and organizations operational presence will be provided for all cluster

Humanitarian programme cycle timeline

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN

Humanitarian Needs Overview

Humanitarian Response Plan

Monitoring Plan

Humanitarian Dashboard

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Part 3:
Cluster needs and
response

MACOMIA DISTRICT/ CABO DELGADO PROVINCE

A woman carries a sack of food received by the World Food
Programme to internally displaced people
Photo: WFP/Alfredo Zuniga

37
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

need of Camp Coordination and Camp Management

3.1 Camp Coordination (CCCM) services in 2025. This includes 164K IDPs

and Camp Management in protracted displacement who are unable to return

home due to ongoing conflict in some potential areas
(CCCM) of return and those whose housing, land and property
have either been destroyed or occupied. There is no
significant decrease from the 600K people who needed
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED assistance in 2024.

The Multi-sectoral Needs Assessment results and the

447K 250K CCCM 5ws show a significant need for strengthened
CCCM structures across Cabo Delgado displacement
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) sites. The IOM DTM Multi-sector Local Assessment
round 14 data also indicate a worrying limitation of
services and assistance, particularly in areas outside
6 7 $7.5M sites where close to 76 per cent of displaced people
Conflict $6.5M sought refuge. Displaced people in rural and urban
Natural Disaster 1M
areas living out of displacement sites lack access
to information about the available services. The
existence of settlements without any coordination and
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in
management structures has led to either sporadic or
need and targeted by district
a complete lack of service provision for vulnerable
Cabo
Delgado
people in informal settlements. Based on site level
Palma
site profiles produced monthly by CCCM Cluster
United Republic of Tanzania
Maputo
Nangade
partners, 60 per cent of the overall displaced people
28K reported being exposed to increased protection, public
Mueda
health and gender-based violence risks. A weak
2K
Mocimboa
da Praia coping mechanism among IDPs women and girls
51K Muidumbe
12K
makes the situation difficult and cause frustration and
21K hopelessness.
Macomia Ibo
Cabo Delgado
5K 6K
Ibo
The sporadic conflicts in Macomia, Ibo and Quissanga
Niassa
Montepuez Meluco 3K further entrenched protracted displacement and
Quissanga
the associated burden on the displaced population,
47K Cidade de
45K Metuge Pemba returnees and conflict affected communities
Ancuabe
Mecufi particularly due to uncertainty over the continuation
Chiúre of humanitarian services, security and safety in the
Balama 32K
areas of displacement. This uncertainty and the
Nampula
Namuno
incessant armed incursions coupled with intense
Number of people Severity of needs
conflict between the displaced and host community
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5 over scarce resources and unbalanced provision of
50K People in need
People targeted humanitarian assistance may lead to most displaced
2k xx K People targeted
people currently in displacements to prematurely
Summary of needs depart to find shelter and livelihood opportunities in
other locations but essentially remain displaced.
An estimated 446K displaced persons including
returnees and people affected by displacement are in

38
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

CCCM used specific indicators targeting women, safe and secure access to critical services available
persons with disabilities and children, IDPs; within IDP sites. The need to strengthen partnerships
women, boys, girls and who are unable to return and capacity building with organizations working
home due to insecurity, Houses, Land and property with people with disabilities to better identify their
destroyed in places of origin will continue to require needs and ensure data is disaggregated and that
humanitarian assistance. humanitarian interventions are tailored to specific
needs of vulnerable individuals remains the CCCM
Poor living conditions, below-standard services, and aspirations in 2025.
exhausted financial resources, contribute to increasing
psychosocial stress, affecting physical and mental Response strategy
wellbeing of mostly women and persons with disability.
Cluster objective 1: Ensure equal access and needs
According to the CCCM Cluster service monitoring based assistance to improve the quality of integrated
dashboard, October 2024, overall minimum service services for populations affected by displacement
standards have not improved since the initial through Coordination and monitoring. Aligns with SO1
emergency phase, and this has contributed to
secondary displacement. Displaced women and girls The CCCM operation will be guided by four objectives:
living in urban areas, are most at risk to Gender Based (1) Coordination and monitoring that aims to facilitate
Violence (GBV). A breakdown of traditional protection effective coordination among various humanitarian
mechanisms coupled with changing roles within the actors working in displacement site settings. This
family and the increased exposure to groups with aligns with the SO1 that calls for a coordinated
differential power to commit violence have made these approach to ensure services are provided without
groups more vulnerable. duplication to ensure effectiveness of humanitarian
intervention to save life
Affected people
Cluster objective 2: Respond to vulnerable population
On average, women, girls, and persons with disabilities by addressing protection gaps and strengthen the
are constrained in when and how basic services predictability and effectiveness of multi sectorial
can be accessed. The unplanned nature of IDP sites interventions through robust community engagement
in Mozambique, presents immense barriers for and participation. Aligns with SO1&2
women, girls and persons with disabilities to access
essential services within the site. Consequently, care Cluster objective 2 aligns with SO1, 2 and 3 ensures
and maintenance measures and site infrastructure that Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) are consulted
upgrade must focus on persons with disabilities and engaged throughout the implementation of
needs. The CCCM approach will focus on enhancing humanitarian programming and that displaced people

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

232K 214K 255K 170K 22K 67K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
178K 125K 144K female
0 100 200

male
300 400 500 0

children
100 200

adult elderly
300 400 500 0 20 40 60 80 100

130K 120K 143K 95K 13k 30K

PEOPLE
178K 36K 36K female
0 50 100 150

male
200 250 0

children
50 100

adult elderly
150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

39
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

have access to information about the available transferring site governance responsibilities to foster
services. Prioritizing the well-being and security of self-governance; and strengthening the capabilities
those affected with special emphasis on persons with of local government and community leaders through
disabilities and that measures are in place to prevent targeted capacity enhancement initiatives. This
and respond to any forms of sexual Exploitation and objective aligns with SO2&3
Abuse thereby placing the centrality of protection (SO3)
at the core of the cluster operations CCCM will continue to scale up community
consultations with an emphasis on ensuring that
Cluster objective 3: Strengthen inclusive community services are fully accessible by persons with
participation to ensure local ownership, self- disabilities and minority group members of different
governance and self-reliance. Aligns with SO2 sex and ages. CCCM interventions will include
ensuring that affected populations have equitable
Cluster Objective 3 Encourages robust community access to humanitarian services, generating inclusive
participation in resilient-oriented services to support community governance structures that include
progressive and sustainable community driven meaningful involvement of persons with disabilities,
initiatives to improve the quality of life and eventually elderly persons, women and girls, and individuals
phase-out humanitarian assistance. This objective of minority ethnic backgrounds, and maintaining
aligns with the SO2 that seeks to empower displaced accessible two-way communication for all Internally
individuals to actively contribute to decision-making Displaced Persons.
processes, leading to self-management initiatives
that align with their unique needs and aspirations. The CCCM Cluster response strategy and priorities
Ultimately, these efforts aim to pave the way for aligns with its strategy whose approaches are phased
durable solutions, by facilitating the transition from into what is commonly referred to as the ABC strategy.
displacement site-like response to sustainable The prioritized locations have been aligned to this
outcomes that support the resilience and recovery of ABC approach whereby sites in Ancuabe and Metuges
displaced communities that fall under Adjusting Approaches will be handed
over to the local authority for self-governance within
Cluster objective 4: Strengthen Community the first quarter of 2025. Similarly, sites in Chiure and
Cohesion by facilitating the transition of IDP sites Mueda were prioritized under Building Bridges whereby,
into neighborhoods through capacity building and they will be handed over to the local authority by end of
initiation of women and youth led livelihood projects. 2025. Whereas sites and areas in Macomia, Quissanga,
Aligns with SO2&3 Muidumbe, Nangade and Mucimboa da Priar will
receive comprehensive CCCM approaches with the
Finally, cluster objective 4, places emphasis on
aim of pursuing a safe and secure environment where
facilitating community cohesion through conflict
displaced persons are not only recipients of assistance
sensitive approach in which CCCM activities will
but active partners in shaping their own futures.
aim at building bridges between the displaced
Through coordination and monitoring of humanitarian
and the non-displaced community by assuming a
service provision this vision aspires to make solution
comprehensive and vulnerability-based targeting.
a whole-of-cluster priority thereby ensuring the cluster
This objective is anchored on Area Based Approach
fit for purpose and accountable for solution by creating
(ABA) that prioritizes Women and youth led livelihood
linkages between development actors, Civil Society
projects and promotes sustainable outcomes
Organizations to foster solution beyond humanitarian
enhancing coordination efforts at area levels to
aid to function in tandem with development.
facilitate seamless information sharing among
stakeholders, enabling timely decision-making and In the previous year, CCCM focused its response
improved service delivery. Through this objective, modality exclusively on displacement sites. This
CCCM aims at empowering displaced people by focus inadvertently attempted to neglect a significant

40
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

portion of displaced individuals who, for various community in 12 months of the response in 2025. First,
reasons, sought shelter and protection outside starting with 70,040 IDPs resident in Ancuabe and
displacement sites. This approach left out vulnerable Metuge that have been prioritized to transition within
individuals who chose alternative forms of shelter in the first quarter of 2025.
urban areas and integrated into host communities
and yet, these individuals faced unique challenges, Response modalities
that include limited access to resources, and a lack of
In 2025 the CCCM Cluster will continue to coordinate
essential services.
and ensure that displaced people have equitable
In 2025 through this strategy, the cluster recognizes access to basic services, assistance, and protection
that displacement is a complex and multifaceted including support towards self-reliance, enabling them
issue, and a one-size-fits-all approach may not mitigate dependence on humanitarian assistance.
adequately address the diverse needs of the affected With the progressive change in dynamics, the Cluster
population, therefore, the Cluster will utilized Area- envisages the expansion of its activities further into
Based Approach (ABA) targeting whole community return areas, where the focus will be based on a three
that involves investment in host community areas and phased (ABC) approach .
developing a deep understanding of both displaced,
returnee and host community needs and aspirations, Cost & prioritization of the response
turning the area into viable community as an aspect of In 2025, the CCCM cluster will embark onto a response
displacement solution. modality that will see close to 67 sites turned into
viable communities. The operation will involve
The CCCM by nature is a cross-cutting sector that
rehabilitation of some infrastructure. This serves
places protection at its core response modality. By
as significant cost drivers within CCCM operations.
intertwining protection principles within its care and
The process involves careful and responsible
maintenance strategies, CCCM ensures that the
dismantling and rehabilitation of infrastructure, waste
safety, dignity, and well-being of displaced populations
disposal, and environmental rehabilitation. Costs are
take precedence. This approach involves not only
incurred in managing the logistical complexities of
the establishment of physically secure environments
decommissioning, facilitating integration of displaced
but also actively integrates measures to prevent
persons into host communities. The financial burden
and respond to protection risks faced by women
includes capacity building, and the restoration
boys and girls, especially persons with disabilities.
of sites to their pre-displacement conditions.
By recognizing the unique vulnerabilities of this
Moreover, community engagement, consultation, and
population category, CCCM aims to create holistic
coordination with various stakeholders contribute to
responses that address the unique vulnerabilities of
the expenses associated with an organized and ethical
displaced communities, fostering an environment that
site integration. Balancing the humanitarian imperative
upholds human dignity, and ensures the overall safety
with cost-efficiency will require collaboration, and
of those in need.
resource allocation to execute CCCM site integration
and rehabilitation effectively.
People targeted
The Camp Coordination and Camp Management Community engagement & accountability to
(CCCM) Cluster identified 446k people in need of affected people
CCCM Assistance in 2025. This is 154K people less in
The CCCM response will enhance participation of
absolute numbers from 600k people in need in 2024.
women, men, boys and girls in the management of the
The CCCM Cluster will target 250K people across all
site by forming and supporting women committees,
the districts in Cabo-del-Gado. About 123,784 IDPs
this will foster accountability to the affected people,
resident in IDP sites in Ancuabe, Chiure, Metuge and
and facilitate information management, a lifeline of
Mueda have been targeted to integrate within the host

41
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

humanitarian operation relies on the credible and protection risks and targets the specific needs of the
accurate information about the affected population. displaced while meeting international standards. This
Therefore, the CCCM community engagement and impact will be measured by developing harmonized
information gathering will play a critical role in survey tools to assess the satisfaction level of the
ensuring that other service providers receive timely affected population towards CCCM services and
and credible information of the displaced population community leadership structures. This survey will
to contribute to the evident based response. The be conducted thrice per year and information will be
community participation structures are often fed back to the community and service providers for
instrumental in empowering the affected people increased accountability and programme adjustments.
to organize and mobilize their communities, create The Cluster will review the level of satisfaction of the
tangible contributions to the delivery of assistance and cluster partners on the performance of the Cluster
help the affected population make informed decisions based on its six core roles and responsibilities by
for themselves and their families. conducting the survey twice in a year. To ensure that
the CCCM activities will appropriately address the
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse needs of the displaced people, the Cluster will monitor
the progress against key CCCM output indicators and
CCCM partners will actively engage in PSEA prevention
adapt operational planning and response as needed.
and response by first establishing comprehensive
The Cluster team will conduct monitoring visits in
training programs and capacity-building initiatives to
the districts with active CCCM operations to provide
familiarize staff with PSEA policies and guidelines.
technical oversight and assess the quality of the CCCM
These efforts will be complemented by ongoing
activities. Following the visits, the Cluster will provide
awareness campaigns, assessment of main SEA
guidance to the relevant CCCM partner about the
risks associated with CCCM interventions and
implementation of the Camp Management activities.
implementation of mitigation measures identified,
to foster a zero-tolerance culture for abuse and Accountability to affected population shall be
exploitation within the displacement settings. Partners monitored through collection of monthly CFM
will collaborate in disseminating a clear Code of by cluster partners. A situation report shall be
Conduct and IEC PSEA materials and will appoint published monthly.
PSEA focal points to enhance PSEA mainstreaming
into CCCM interventions and activities and ensure Contingency plans for each site and area of operation
ethical behavior is reinforced consistently. Awareness shall be produced with close consultation and
raising on reporting mechanisms and the right to engagement with local authority and site/area
free assistance will be integral to CCCM partners' management committees. Similarly, sites that shall be
commitment to accountability, transparency, and handed over to the local authority for self-management,
the ongoing improvement of PSEA prevention and detail hand over reports with clear terms of reference
response mechanisms. and a memorandum of understanding signed between
CCCM partner and the local authority shall be
Response monitoring published and placed in the public domain.

The CCCM Cluster in Mozambique strives to ensure Number of people reached by CCCM services.
that the provision of humanitarian assistance to Information collected for this indicator will be captured
IDPs living in camps and camp-like settings is well through the monthly 5Ws submitted by cluster partners.
coordinated and delivered in ways that reduce

42
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

levels, the low quality of available services due to

3.2 Education prolonged disruptions, attacks on education, partner
presence and capacity, and alignment with other
sectors like Child Protection. The northern districts
of Macomia, Quissanga, Mocimboa Da Praia, and Ibo,
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED where education services have been severely disrupted
and thousands of children lack access to safe learning

278K 211K opportunities, are designated as first-priority areas.

Second-priority districts include Palma, Chiúre,

PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) Nangade, and Mueda, which also face significant
educational challenges but to a slightly lesser extent.

16 17 $14.5M Third-priority areas include Ancuabe, Muidumbe,

Mecufi, Meluco, Metuge, and Cidade de Pemba, where
Conflict $12.7M
vulnerabilities persist but are less critical compared to
Natural Disaster $1.8M
first- and second-priority districts.

The strategy focuses on enabling the return of students

Cluster severity of needs, number of people in and teachers to safe and secure educational spaces,
need and targeted by district integrating child protection measures, psychosocial
Cabo support, and targeted inclusion for children with
Delgado

disabilities, who represent 6 per cent of the children

United Republic of Tanzania Palma targeted. By addressing the distinct needs of each
17K
Maputo
Nangade priority level, the response ensures that the most
16K
48K
vulnerable populations receive appropriate and timely
Mueda
support, contributing to a safe, inclusive, and equitable
Mocimboa
26K
da Praia education system.
Muidumbe
13K
27K For the conflict response, key interventions include
Cabo Delgado
Macomia Ibo
addressing key learning gaps and ensuring access
5K
5K
Ibo to formal and non-formal education basic learning
Meluco 11K
Niassa Montepuez
Quissanga materials, for displaced children and implementing
17K
Cidade de
programs that are tailored to meet different age groups'
18K 17K Pemba
Metuge
25K needs: Accelerated Education (Accelerated Learning,
Ancuabe
Mecufi Catch-up and Remedial) focus on children aged 6-12
4K
Balama
19K
Chiúre
for reintegration into government led formal education,
Namuno
Nampula while Alternative Education (Life skills, basic literacy
and numeracy) target adolescents aged 13-17, who
Number of people
162K
Severity of needs have been out of school for long periods or have never
1 2 3 4 5
100K
50K People in need
been enrolled in formal education face greater risks
2k
People targeted
xx K People targeted
of not returning to/ entering the school system. The
set up of Temporary Learning Spaces, the provision
of Learning supplies, hygiene kits, and menstrual
Response strategy
hygiene materials will be distributed to support school
The Education Cluster’s 2025 response strategy in enrollment and attendance, particularly for adolescent
Mozambique focuses on addressing critical education girls, and prevent school dropout. School feeding
needs in emergencies in conflict-affected areas of programmes encourage attendance and provide
Cabo Delgado. Prioritisation is informed by severity

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

essential nutrients to support cognitive development who face additional barriers to accessing education.
and learning in emergencies. The needs analysis indicates that these groups are
particularly impacted by school closures, displacement,
To enhance the quality of education, approximately and limited educational infrastructure, necessitating
3,500 teachers and education staff will be trained in targeted interventions to restore and support
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), educational access.
Teachers in Crisis Contexts (TiCC) framework, Inclusive
Education, and strategies to prevent Violence Against The targeted group is disaggregated by gender,
Children (VAC), including gender-based violence (GBV). age, and disability, ensuring that programming
This training ensures teachers are equipped to provide addresses the unique needs of each group. Specific
inclusive, supportive environments that address both strategies will support young children in re-entering
boys' and girls' overall needs, including psychosocial school, adolescent girls at risk of early marriage, and
well-being. Gender-responsive and inclusive education children with disabilities through the provision of
activities, including life skills and basic literacy and assistive devices and inclusive learning programs.
numeracy, will further support adolescents who may This prioritization aligns with the findings from the
not re-enter formal schooling. Humanitarian Needs Overview 2025, which identified
these populations as particularly vulnerable within the
Education Cluster members will be also implementing education sector.
preparedness activities across natural disasters prone
areas across the country aiming to build sectoral Response modalities
coordination systems capacity and expertise, liaison
with other sectors for integrated approach and The Education Cluster will work in close collaboration
pre-positioning of supplies with member organisations and education authorities
at national, provincial, and district levels, will implement
People targeted a mix of service delivery modalities to address the
diverse needs of displaced and out-of-school children.
In 2025, the Education Cluster targets approximately The response prioritises Accelerated and Alternative
211,000 children and adolescents affected by conflict, Education programmes to provide flexible learning
with specific focus on school-age children in conflict- options and help children reintegrate into education
affected districts. In addition, Education Cluster pathways and the distribution of teaching and learning
members will be targeting around 120,400 to benefict materials, ensuring that both teachers and students
from preparedness related activities across the country. are equipped for effective learning.

The plan prioritises girls, who are more vulnerable to Teacher training on critical topics—such as Teachers
school dropout, as well as children with disabilities, in Crisis Contexts (TiCC), Mental Health and

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

136K 142K 258K 3K 17K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
85K 84K 108K female
0 50 100 150

male
200 250 300 0

children
50 100

adult
150 200 250 300 0 20 40 60 80 100

103K 108K 208K 3K 13K

PEOPLE
55K 83K 73K female
0 50 100 150

male
200 250 0

children
50 100

adult
150 200 250 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

44
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), gender-based mental health support, and case management,
violence (GBV), and inclusive education—will further reproductive health. These collaborative efforts aim
enhance the quality of education and foster a safe, to ensure continuity of education while addressing the
supportive environment where both girls and boys broader well-being and protection needs of vulnerable
can thrive. To address hygiene and gender-specific children and adolescents in Mozambique’s conflict-
barriers, menstrual hygiene management supplies affected districts.
will be distributed, encouraging school attendance
among adolescent girls. Assistive devices will be Community engagement & accountability to
provided to children with disabilities, ensuring their affected people
full participation in educational activities. Additionally,
The Education Cluster prioritises community
school feeding programmes will be implemented to
engagement and accountability to ensure that diverse
improve children’s nutrition, enhance concentration,
population groups, including women, girls, children
and encourage regular attendance.
with disabilities, and vulnerable individuals, are
Temporary Learning Spaces (TLS) will be supplied informed of their rights to educational assistance.
as needed to support these primary interventions, Efforts are made to provide access to safe, trusted,
ensuring continuity of education in areas where formal and existing reporting mechanisms adapted to
schools are unavailable or unsafe. The response is the needs of all groups. These mechanisms allow
designed to adapt to fluid conditions and security beneficiaries to express concerns and provide
challenges, ensuring that educational interventions feedback on services. Also, cluster members will work
remain effective, inclusive, and responsive to the needs to ensure that inclusive feedback mechanisms are
of the most vulnerable children. in place within school communities, and to enable
parents, students, and caregivers to actively participate
Cost and prioritisation of the response in decision-making processes.

The funding requirement for the Education Cluster’s Gender-sensitive approaches will ensure that the
2025 for preparedness activities is $1.8 million and voices of girls and women are amplified, addressing
$12.7 million for the conflict response. Particularly barriers they may face in accessing education and
for the conflict response prioritisation is informed by reporting concerns. By fostering a participatory
severity levels, low quality of available services due to approach that respects the needs of all community
ongoing disruptions, and heightened risks from attacks members, the Education Cluster ensures that
on education. Funding allocation follows a matrix that education interventions are safe, inclusive, and
prioritises life-saving and sustaining activities, directing responsive to the unique challenges faced by different
resources to areas with severe needs, as identified groups in Mozambique’s conflict-affected regions.
through partner project submissions and geographic
analysis. The response prioritises both internally Accountability to affected populations is further
displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees, while also reinforced through community engagement,
including host communities, as all displaced children particularly with women and girls, in the design and
and adolescents are to be included in host community delivery of interventions. Monitoring systems are in
schools and under the “do no harm” principle. place to protect beneficiaries from exploitation and
abuse, while also tailoring education programmes to
Collaborative efforts across education partners and meet the intersectional needs of school-aged children,
intersectoral coordination will be leveraged, ensuring including gender- and age-specific vulnerabilities.
a holistic response to the needs of affected children. These efforts aim to prevent prolonged disruptions
Particularly, coordination with Child Protection, to learning pathways and foster continuity within the
WASH, Nutrition, and Health clusters enhances the education system in Mozambique.
impact of educational interventions by integrating
complementary services such as safe sanitation,

45
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse (PSEA) tracking of education interventions and identifying
gaps or overlaps.
PSEA measures are integral to the education response,
with mandatory training for all staff and partners on Regular Education Cluster meetings will take place
PSEA principles and reporting procedures, ensuring at both sub-national and national levels that will
compliance with inter-agency reporting and referral facilitate the sharing of information on updates, risks,
pathways. Community-based complaints mechanisms needs, planning and response activities directly
will be established within educational facilities, from implementing partners, Provincial Education
providing children and parents with a safe, confidential Directorate and district level education authorities.
way to report issues. Monitoring systems will ensure District-level coordination meetings will also
accountability and responsiveness to PSEA incidents, be ongoing.
with a focus on protecting children and supporting
survivors. The Education Cluster will continue to Field visits will be undertaken to validate data, observe
support partner organisations in ongoing PSEA programme implementation, and engage directly with
trainings and strengthening of protocols and policies, beneficiaries to ensure accountability and inclusivity.
where needed. Needs assessments will be conducted to refine
understanding of evolving requirements and guide the
Response monitoring prioritisation of activities.

The Education Cluster will conduct regular monitoring Community feedback mechanisms will be in place to
of activities and outcomes, collecting sex, age, and ensure services meet the dynamic needs of children
disability-disaggregated data on standardised and families and are designed to be trusted and
indicators, including the number of children accessing accessible to vulnerable groups. Monitoring data,
learning opportunities benefiting from school feeding combined with findings from field visits, 5W reporting,
support and receiving psychosocial support. Data and needs assessments, will be shared with inter-
collection on this will be supported by 5W reporting sectoral partners to align efforts, enhance coordination,
to capture detailed information on who is doing what, and adjust interventions as necessary based on
where, when, and for whom, ensuring comprehensive community input and real-time analysis.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

livelihood assistance to the most food-insecure

3.3 Food Security and populations in Cabo Delgado, aiming to reduce
Livelihoods aid dependency, support recovery and strengthen
the resilience of local food systems. Concurrently,
humanitarian food assistance (HFA) will be
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED prioritized for the most vulnerable groups, based on
comprehensive vulnerability assessments. Where

763K 737K feasible and as funding allows, HFA will be decreased

after the main harvest and increased during the
lean season to assist people when they are at their
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
most vulnerable.

17 19 $158.4M In response to the increased needs caused by conflict

and displacement, the 2025 strategy will emphasize
Conflict $155.3M
reaching those in protracted displacement, returnees,
Natural Disaster $3.1M
and vulnerable host communities (non-displaced).
Livelihood interventions will prioritize access to
agricultural interventions, covering agriculture,
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in livestock and fisheries, but also income generating
need and targeted by district activities and vocational training, aiming at the
Cabo
Delgado restoration of disrupted livelihoods to foster recovery
and stability.
United Republic of Tanzania Palma
21K
To enhance sustainability, FSLC partners will adopt
Maputo
Nangade
33K
a community-based approach that addresses both
Mueda
56K immediate food security needs and the long-term
Mocimboa
74K da Praia resilience of food systems.
Muidumbe
44K
90K Cross-cutting issues are integral to this strategy.
Cabo Delgado Macomia
8K
Ibo
Gender-sensitive approaches will ensure that support
10K
Ibo reaches vulnerable women including female-headed
Montepuez Meluco 34K
Niassa
Quissanga households and rural women, who often face greater
43K
45K Cidade de
vulnerability.
58K Pemba
Metuge
Ancuabe 73K
Mecufi Protection will also be central, with additional
27K
122K Chiúre consideration for people with disabilities, people
Balama

Nampula living with HIV and elderly individuals. Integrating

Namuno
HIV in the cluster response, by addressing food
Number of people
162K
Severity of needs insecurity among people living with HIV and hence
100K
50K
1 2 3 4 5
People in need
improving treatment adherence and viral load
2k
People targeted
xx K People targeted
suppression, is crucial to fight the epidemic, which
continues to be the number one cause of death for
Response strategy people aged 15-49 in Mozambique (INS, 2020). The
cluster will also promote environmentally sustainable
The FSLC’s response strategy will focus on increasing
practices, especially in agriculture, to prevent resource
livelihood support while maintaining food assistance,
depletion and encourage climate resilience within the
particularly in IPC 4 districts (emergency level). FSLC
targeted communities.
partners are committed to significantly expanding

47
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People targeted displaced groups and host communities; however,

in areas with prolonged displacement, livelihood
Vulnerable groups, including women, girls, children, support for host communities will be essential to help
people with disabilities, widows, female-headed them expand their resource base and to maintain
households, the elderly, and individuals living with social cohesion. Likewise, people in relocation sites
HIV, are most severely impacted by food insecurity will benefit from livelihood interventions to rebuild
and encounter significant barriers to accessing household economies.
critical information in displacement settings. The FSL
Cluster will prioritize these populations in its response, Returnees: Returnees face complex obstacles,
ensuring that adaptations are made to facilitate their including disrupted livelihoods, broken social networks,
active and meaningful participation. and limited public services and infrastructure. Timely
support for this group is critical, with the FSL Cluster
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): The FSL Cluster focusing on basic food aid and livelihood recovery
classifies all newly displaced individuals as acutely to support both immediate needs and medium-term
food insecure, requiring urgent life-saving food aid. For stability. This targeted assistance aims to reduce
IDPs in protracted displacement, either in relocation vulnerabilities and facilitate sustainable reintegration in
sites or integrated into host communities, FSLC their home districts.
partners will assess vulnerability levels, acknowledging
that many individuals have adapted to their current The FSL Cluster also considers the national averages
environments to varying degrees, given the prolonged across population groups (men, women, children, etc.),
nature of their displacement. Displacement often recognizing that food insecurity is likely to impact
results in the loss of critical assets, including land, these demographics in line with the national IPC
capital, and social networks, which heightens food post-shock estimates used to calculate district-level
insecurity in temporary resettlements. Most displaced needs in the HNO.
individuals lose access to essential livelihood assets
and opportunities, compounding their vulnerability. For conflict: The target was established during the
HRP workshop with FSLC partners, who submitted
Host Communities (non-displaced): Food-insecure their proposed interventions and targets. A sector-
host communities also face heightened challenges wide discussion followed to agree on a sectoral
as their limited resources continue to be strained by target designed to address estimated needs based
the prolonged presence of displaced populations. on partners' capacities. In districts where the People
The influx of IDPs intensifies pressure on natural Targeted (PT) surpasses the People in Need (PiN) for
resources, public services, and local institutions. the livelihood component, partners will explore ways to
Immediate food assistance will support both newly complement each other's activities.

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

397K 366K 435K 290K 38K 114K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
229K 168K 366K female
0 100 200 300 400

male
500 600 700 800 0

children
100 200 300

adult elderly
400 500 600 700 800 0 20 40 60 80 100

383K 354K 420K 380K 37k 88K

PEOPLE
229K 168K 340K female
0 100 200 300 400

male
500 600 700 800

children
0 200 400

adult elderly
600 800 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

48
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Response modalities This amount reflects the minimum cost of the FSC
response, determined based on needs outlined in the
Rapid Response Rations: This food assistance Humanitarian Needs Overview and coordinated with
modality will focus on newly displaced individuals, FSC partners involved in the response. The planning
those on the move, and populations in hard-to-reach process was collaboratively organized during an online
areas, providing 100 per cent of daily nutritional workshop held on October 11th.
requirements for 15 days.
Response priorities
Regular General Food Distribution (GFD): Food-
insecure populations will receive food assistance The Cluster’s needs analysis highlights severe acute
through in-kind food distributions, commodity vouchers, food insecurity in northern Mozambique, primarily
or value vouchers, depending on the local context and driven by conflict and displacement. Despite over four
market assessment outcomes ensuring that gender years of humanitarian efforts addressing the conflict’s
discrimination and social norms do not prevent women effects, a significant portion of the Cabo Delgado
from accessing food assistance. These distributions population remains acutely food insecure. This
will meet 78 per cent of daily caloric needs. The current situation demands a focused response to save lives,
transfer amount for cash-based transfers (CBT) is restore and protect livelihoods, and reduce the need
approximately 4,300 MZN, subject to adjustment for harmful coping mechanisms. Such a response
based on beneficiaries' changing livelihood access and contributes to both protection and resilience, ultimately
findings from ongoing market assessments. decreasing reliance on humanitarian aid.

Emergency Agricultural Aid and Food Assistance for The Cluster will prioritize its response using a dual
Assets (FFA)/Cash for Work (CFW): food insecure approach: (a) by geographical area and (b) by
population will receive emergency livelihood support, household vulnerability. Geographical targeting will
aiming to restore and strengthen productive assets prioritize IPC 4 district (Macomia and Quissanga),
while meeting immediate food needs at 78 per cent followed by Moçimboa da Praia and Nangade, as they
of daily kilocalories. To foster social cohesion and were highlighted as Severity 4 districts during the
contribute to peacebuilding, these initiatives will JIAF 2.0 analysis. On a third level, Cluster partners will
encourage collaboration between IDPs and host prioritize IPC 3 districts, looking into identifying the
communities to achieve shared objectives and most food insecure population (IPC 4). District-level
equitably distribute enhanced resources. The support needs are informed by the IPC post-shock findings
includes both in-kind and cash-based assistance, from SETSAN. Household targeting will be based on
supplemented by relevant training. Planned activities specific vulnerability criteria.
encompass providing inputs for agriculture, livestock,
and fisheries; protecting productive assets; supporting Community engagement & accountability to
household food production and income generation; affected people
post-harvest practices; infrastructure rehabilitation;
Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) will
and community training to sustain these assets.
be embedded throughout the response, ensuring
communities receive timely, accessible information,
Cost & prioritization of the Rresponse
and that consultation and feedback mechanisms
The total cost of FSC overall responses is US$: are prioritized. FSLC partners will engage assisted
155,316,816 for conflict response, implemented by 17 households in selecting food security interventions and
partners, covering both humanitarian food assistance preferred assistance modalities, with considerations
and livelihood support. This will be project-based for security, food preferences, and market access.
methodology. Community input will be actively sought through

49
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

consultations with community committees, focus groups, participation in the selection process. Additionally, the
and feedback from established community feedback Cluster emphasizes the need for member organizations to
mechanisms (CFMs). Minority and vulnerable groups, provide SEA training for field staff, reinforcing mandatory
including IDPs and host communities, will be specifically reporting and victim centred approach to SEA reports
engaged in focus group discussions to ensure their utilizing referral pathways established and shared by
perspectives are considered. the protection cluster. FSLC partners are committed
to promptly addressing SEA cases in partnership with
Well-established CFMs, including NGO-staffed helpdesks government counterparts when needed, ensuring swift
and suggestion boxes at distribution sites, will remain action within 24 hours to prioritize survivor safety and well-
available. Additionally, Linha Verde 1458, a toll-free inter- being, with close coordination between FSC focal points
agency hotline managed by WFP, will provide up-to-date and investigations teams.
assistance information as well as referring complaints to
implementing organizations via referral pathways agreed As co-chair of the PSEA network, WFP collaborates closely
with the FSLC for action and closure of the feedback with FSLC members, encouraging each to designate
loop. FSLC partners will ensure designated protection PSEA focal points and actively participate in regional
and AAP focal points are in place, maintaining effective and national network meetings. WFP provides technical
communication, ensuring and monitoring case follow-up, support and capacity building in line with IASC guidance
and ensuring timely closure of the feedback loop. and PSEA network standards, ensuring victim-centered
approaches and coordinated responses with SGBV and
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse child protection services as appropriate.

The FSLC partners uphold a strict zero-tolerance policy for Response monitoring
sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), which is reinforced
through codes of conduct, comprehensive training (both The FSLC will depend on Cluster Lead Agencies
online and in-person) and multiple reporting mechanisms, and partners to monitor food security responses in
including Linha Verde 1458, which is the central Mozambique using key output indicators. These indicators
reporting mechanism for SEA in Mozambique. Key SEA will be reported by all operational partners and compiled
prevention measures include thorough context analysis, monthly in the 5Ws matrix to maintain a current overview
risk assessment, and targeted community engagement of food security and livelihood activities. The main
on beneficiary rights at all stages of food security and indicators to be tracked are summarized below:
livelihood interventions. The Cluster prioritizes transparent
and needs-based targeting, ensuring community

50
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Country Team (HCT) level, but maintaining certain

3.4 Health capacity and flexibility to respond to changing needs in
different locations following the conflict dynamics.

The goal is to provide free and effective preventive and

PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED curative emergency health services to crisis-affected
populations. The intervention will use an integrated

461K 434K primary health care package, emphasizing high-impact

activities such as vaccination, timely treatment and or
referral of common causes of morbidity and mortality,
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) rapid detection and response to epidemics, antenatal
care, and skilled birth attendance.

7 10 $20.7M Health services will be tailored to meet the diverse

Conflict $16.7M
needs of specific groups, including women, children,
Natural Disaster $4M
adolescents, people with disabilities, GBV survivors,
and people living with HIV (PLHIV) and tuberculosis
(TB). Working closely with the Nutrition and WASH
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in cluster and in collaboration with the inter-cluster
need and targeted by district Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
Cabo
Delgado Technical Working Group (TWG) and protection cluster
to address cross-sector specific needs, as expanding
Palma
United Republic of Tanzania
access to mental health and psychosocial support
Maputo
Nangade 6K
services for the most vulnerable, providing adequate
39K
160K
clinical and protection care to survivors of sexual
Mueda
Mocimboa
violence, ensuring a holistic and integrated response
da Praia
5K Muidumbe
6K To support frontline partners, the Health Cluster will
114K enhance an emergency health supply pipeline, ensuring
Ibo
Cabo Delgado
2K
Macomia
13K that essential kits are readily available, prepositioning
Ibo
Meluco
43K
supplies when and where it’s needed.
Niassa Montepuez
Quissanga
2K
Cidade de In 2025, the Health Cluster aims to reach 460,850
8K 12K Pemba

Ancuabe
Metuge
13K people, including 226,512 men and 234,338 women.
Mecufi
The targeted population is disaggregated by sex, age,
3K
Chiúre
Balama 11K and specific needs:
Namuno Nampula
Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Care: 49,623
Number of people Severity of needs women of reproductive age will receive SRH services,
162K
100K
50K
1 2 3 4 5
addressing vulnerabilities such as sexual violence and
People in need
People targeted limited access to health services.Children Under 18
2k xx K People targeted

Years Old: 232,633 children will be targeted due to their

Response strategy vulnerability to conflict-related issues like abduction,
sexual violence, displacement, and interruptions in
Compared to last year where a broader response was
education and health programs. Essential services
planned, In 2025 the Health Cluster plans to focus
will aim to reduce excess mortality and morbidity
the intervention on the 15 conflict-affected districts
among children.
of Cabo Delgado, as agreed upon at the Humanitarian

51
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People Living with Disabilities: 65,072 individuals with Response modalities

disabilities will be targeted, with adapted responses to
increase their access to essential health services. The Health Cluster, through its partners, will deliver
lifesaving and life-sustaining essential health services
Humanitarian Needs Analysis: The prioritization of to targeted groups, addressing the main causes of
these groups is informed by the Humanitarian Needs morbidity and providing sexual and reproductive health
Overview, which highlights the severe impact of (SRH) care. This aligns with the three core objectives
conflict on these populations. Women of reproductive of the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and will be
age, children, and people with disabilities are identified implemented in collaboration with SPS/DPS, SMDAS,
as the most in need of immediate health interventions and other health partners. Services will be provided
due to their heightened vulnerability and critical gaps in through both fixed health facilities and mobile clinics/
health service access. health brigades, targeting vulnerable groups such
as the elderly, child-headed and female-headed
Emergency Health Assistance: Priorities include households, people with disabilities, and other at-risk
managing common illnesses, treating injuries, populations. Direct technical and financial support
delivering Minimum Initial Service Packages (MISP) to the health teams of the Ministry of Health will be
for SRH, and vaccinating children aged 6-59 months. a prioritized modality. Needs of specific groups will
Continuity of care will be ensured for individuals with be considered, providing safe spaces for woman and
mental health issues, chronic infectious disease (TB children and access to people living with disabilities.
and HIV) and non-communicable diseases.
Coordination meetings will be used to monitor
Support to Existing Health Systems: The Health response activities and address gaps, particularly in
Cluster will support existing health systems in the high-returnee areas. Community health promotion
most affected districts, enhancing their capacity to efforts will include health education sessions and
deliver emergency health services. This approach the involvement of multipurpose community activists
aligns with humanitarian principles of neutrality providing community case management services.
and proportionality, respecting medical ethics and These activists will play a key role in epidemic control
ensuring that the most vulnerable populations receive through targeted health promotion activities.
necessary care.
Health partners, using both static and mobile teams,
By focusing on these key groups and informed by will support districts in implementing preventive and
a thorough needs analysis, the Health Cluster aims reactive mass vaccination programs for disease
to address critical health needs and improve health outbreaks such as cholera and measles. Essential
outcomes for the targeted populations in 2025.

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

240K 221K 263K 175K 23K 69K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
126K 197K 137K female
0 100 200

male
300 400 500 0

children
100 200

adult elderly
300 400 500 0 20 40 60 80 100

221K 213K 253K 160K 21k 52K

PEOPLE
119K 193K 122K female
0 50 100 150

male
200 250 0

children
50 100

adult elderly
150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

52
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

supplies will be prepositioned, and anticipatory actions Community leaders, as well as key representatives of
will be taken to mitigate the impacts of climatic shocks. women, adolescents, and the elderly, will participate
in needs assessments through direct observation, key
Cost & prioritization of the response informant interviews, and focus group discussions,
considering sex, age, and abilities. These insights will
The Health Cluster needs $16.6 million USD to deliver
guide project design and implementation. Community
essential health services to 433,813 people over one
members will participate in local projects and facility
year through partner projects. About 70 per cent of
management committees, while healthcare workers
the funds will support the health workforce, ensuring
will be recruited locally and from among the targeted
service availability via mobile and fixed health services.
populations. Service delivery points will regularly
Around 15 per cent will go towards procuring, shipping,
monitor concerns through complaint boxes, patient
and distributing emergency health kits. The remaining
exit interviews, and a unified feedback mechanism.
15 per cent will fund community awareness and
Information will be disseminated in local languages
specialized services, including emergency referrals,
through community leaders, FM radio stations, and
support for PLHIV-led organizations, specialized care
information, education, and communication materials
for PLWD and the elderly, and integrated SRH and
MHPSS services. 3 per cent is needed for coordination
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse
between partners and to have the capacity of
rapid assessments. In targeted communities, sector partners will establish
mechanisms to prevent, report, and manage sexual
Projects are prioritized based on population needs, exploitation and abuse (PSEA). Health projects
alignment with Health Cluster objectives, and delivery will outline key PSEA measures, including referral
capacity. Throughout the year, priority will be given to strategies and support for potential survivors. WHO’s
life-saving activities, including preventive and curative PSEA focal person will lead sensitization efforts for
services for children under five, pregnant women, and Health Cluster partners to raise awareness. Ensuring
lactating mothers, as well as trauma care. Integrated gender balance in personnel allocation will be a priority
sexual and reproductive health services, control of to safeguard women and girls accessing services.
diseases like malaria, HIV, and TB, and response to
outbreaks will also be prioritized. Emphasis will be Key PSEA messages will be translated into local
on including gender-responsive mental health and languages and distributed as educational materials
psychosocial support and addressing the needs of to the target population. Clear reporting channels will
people with disabilities. Non-communicable disease be set up within partner organizations and linked to
control and elective surgeries through referral services existing interagency clinical mentorship programs
will be deprioritized. (CBCMs). All Health Cluster partners will designate
trained, active PSEA focal points to provide operational
Community engagement & accountability to support and participate in PSEA Networks.
affected people
To ensure accountability, sector partners will engage
CE/AAP is a foundational element in Health Cluster in regular follow-ups on PSEA-related issues. This
partners' efforts to ensure accountability, effectiveness, includes monitoring the effectiveness of PSEA
and community participation. The Health Cluster measures, providing continuous training, and
will collaborate with the CE/AAP Working Group maintaining transparent communication with the
to standardize tools and harmonize partners' CE/ community. Feedback mechanisms will be established
AAP activities across projects. PSEA protocols and to ensure community members can report concerns
awareness sessions should exist within all partners safely and confidentially. By integrating these
and openly shared with the community. Compressible strategies, sector partners aim to create a safe and
feedback to the supported individuals and the supportive environment for all community members.
communities should be available and encouraged.

53
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Response monitoring monitoring and DHIS-2 indicators will track health

interventions, including maternal and child health
The Health Cluster will engage in Inter-Cluster services and routine immunization for children.
Coordination Group multisectoral needs assessments.
Health partners will conduct comprehensive health Access and support to improving the Electronic
needs assessments with community representatives Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
from key groups to evaluate how health response (e-IDSR, SIS-MA in Portuguese) system will allow
activities address community and individual needs and monitoring of disease outbreaks, while HeRAMS
integrate with regular healthcare services added to will assess health facility functionality and service
partners direct observation on the ground will provide availability. Post-campaign evaluations will also track
necessary information, which will guide both ongoing measles vaccination coverage for children aged 6
and new health interventions. months to 15 years.

Community feedback, along with data from DTM By regularly collecting and analyzing this data, the
multisectoral location assessments, will further inform sector will ensure effective joint inter-sectoral
the response. Health services will have feedback and response monitoring and adapt interventions based on
complaints mechanisms through complaint boxes community feedback to meet evolving needs.
and patient exit interviews. Health Cluster indicators
will guide response monitoring. The HRP performance

54
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

children under five (CU5), adolescent girls and

3.5 Nutrition women of reproductive age, particularly pregnant
and lactating women (PLW), and people living with
disabilities, HIV/AIDS and TB. Key strategies aim to
reduce mortality and morbidity, prevent an increase
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED of acute malnutrition, treat micronutrient deficiencies
in CU5 and PLW, promote optimal breastfeeding and

268K 268K complementary feeding practices, through Infant

and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) programmes and
men engagement in nutritional care key messages
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
and considering the nutritious food locally available
and the climate change context of Mozambique that
10 12 $17.8M has been impacted by drought due to El Nino and
contemplating La Nina for 2025.1-4 Implementing
Conflict $16.7M
Natural Disaster $1.2M partners are working to support the government in
health facilities and integrated mobile brigades to
access hard-to-reach areas, considering reports of
37 per cent of the health/ nutrition facilities in Cabo
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in
Delgado were still inoperative5. Cluster partners will
need and targeted by district
ensure linkages of the integrated nutrition package
Cabo
Delgado
with social protection actors to ensure cash grant
Palma
activities for families with children under 24 months
United Republic of Tanzania
Maputo
Nangade
17K understand and engage in positive nutrition practices.
16K In hard-to-reach areas, simplified approaches will be
48K
utilized providing increased quantities of therapeutic
Mueda
Mocimboa
da Praia
or supplementary foods to increase uptake and reduce
26K
Muidumbe dropouts of lifesaving nutrition services. The entire
13K
27K
country is also prone to natural disasters like cyclones,
Cabo Delgado
Macomia Ibo floods and drought, etc. that can deteriorate quickly
5K
5K
Ibo the health and nutrition status of the most vulnerable.
Meluco 11K
Niassa Montepuez
Quissanga
The nutrition cluster, also contemplates activities to
17K
protect the nutrition status of children under 5 and
17K Cidade de
18K
Metuge
Pemba
25K PLWs. For that, there will be a range of preventive
Ancuabe
Mecufi
measures including anticipatory actions under the
4K
Balama
19K
Chiúre leadership of Government entities such as INGD,
Nampula
MISAU (MoH) and SETSAN.
Namuno

Number of people Severity of needs People targeted

162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5
50K People in need
People targeted
The Nutrition Cluster will target 268,484 people
2k xx K People targeted
in need of nutrition services. A severity analysis
was completed to allow for the identification and
Response strategy
prioritization of the most vulnerable populations,
The Nutrition Cluster will focus on life-saving and focusing on an integrated response in nutrition, health,
life-sustaining support for the treatment of acute WASH, food security, and protection. The Cluster also
malnutrition expanding safe access to, and coverage considered the operational presence and capacity of
of, high-impact nutrition interventions targeting partners. Given the high nutritional vulnerability of

55
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

CU5 and the critical food security needs of displaced Children under 24 months will be prioritized for
people and returnees increased by the drought due support through a network of community health
to El Nino, the Cluster will target 100 per cent of the workers (CHWs) who will extend the reach of static
people in need, of whom 65,5 per cent are IDPs and health/ nutrition facilities with integrated mobile
returnees, 206,099 (76,8 per cent) girls and boys brigades, provide nutrition screenings, management
under 5 years of age, 23,2 per cent are pregnant and or treatment of AM and case management of
breastfeeding women and girls, and 10 per cent are common childhood diseases. The CHWs will work
children with disabilities. There has been an increase with female and male caregivers on key preventative
in the number in PLW targeted compared to last year practices that improve IYCF and simple non-medical
since the SMART surveys and IPC analysis of 2023 services that promote healthy babies including growth
and 2024 report critical levels of food intake in children monitoring, provide supplies for the treatment of
aged 6-23 months and women of childbearing age, AM without complications, deworming and vitamin
and these are major contributing factors to acute A supplementation, and the provision of additional
malnutrition.6 The minimum diversity of the diet and micronutrient powders. The Cluster, via the CHWs,
the minimum acceptable diet are below 10 percent, will promote optimal breastfeeding practices, men
which indicates that children under 6 to 23 months engagement in nutrition and integral care of their
have not had at least three meals a day and at least children, provide cooking demonstrations and cash
five food groups in their diet. The Nutrition Cluster transfer programs that are linked with education in
prioritizes intersectoral support for children under nutrition and cooking schools with locally available
five, PLWs, people living with HIV/AIDS, and those nutritious food, demonstrate hygiene practices, and
with disabilities, as these groups are more vulnerable promote complementary feeding.
to malnutrition and thus face higher morbidity and
mortality. According to the SMART 2023 and 2024 Secondly, the Cluster will support the capacity of
report, malnutrition impacts boys and girls equally, the government to strengthen and improve routine
while PLW and girls show a higher percentage of low program data at national and sub-national levels
weight and low dietary diversity, negatively affecting and the national information systems to improve
their babies' growth and development.6-7 monitoring and allow the comparison of trends, as
well as ensure availability of high-quality data. This
Response modalities includes ensuring surveillance of key nutrition
indicators for timely identification of increased needs.
First, the Nutrition Cluster will undertake a multi- Capacity building also includes the strengthening
pronged approach to address nutrition-related issues, of supply systems and the Nutrition Rehabilitation
particularly the identification and treatment of acute Programme (PRN) at hospitals, health centers and
malnutrition in CU5 and PLW. communities to increase the coverage of integrated

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

167K 102K 206K 62K 13K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
84K 92K 93K female
0 50 100 150

male
200 250 300 0

children
50 100

adult
150 200 250 300 0 20 40 60 80 100

167K 102K 206K 62K 13K

PEOPLE
84K 92K 93K 0

female
50 100 150

male
200 250 300 0

children
50 100

adult
150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

56
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

quality care to children with wasting, through health- feeding practices, and in mainstreaming protection in
care professionals trained in AM treatment and the the humanitarian response, including consultations
expansion of community treatment programme. with women, girls and those with disabilities to
determine their risk perceptions related to nutrition
Lastly, nutrition assessments will guide an evidence- activities. The Nutrition Cluster will oversee that
based response. SMART surveys are planned for 2025 services and facilities are inclusive, accessible, and
followed by IPC analysis workshop. adaptable to meet the specific needs of the targeted
groups. Additionally, beneficiary communities will have
Cost & prioritization of the response access to safe, efficient, and confidential complaint
and feedback mechanisms to improve programming,
The Nutrition Cluster requires US$16,6 millions
understand community perceptions, promote
to deliver and strengthen timely delivery of life-
beneficiary empowerment, and assist in the early
saving assistance through 16 partners to support
detection of misconduct, including sexual exploitation
complementarity of the Government’s strategy for
and abuse, food diversion and fraud. Community
Cabo Delgado and provinces at most risk of natural
leaders, health committee representative, and
disasters. Key project costs include procurement
CHWs will play an active role in decision-making and
and delivery of life-saving specialized nutrition
developing solutions for identified problems. All staff
commodities and essential medicines to treat acute
and health committee members will receive protection
malnutrition; human resources to ensure expansion of
and PSEA training, as they play a key role in identifying
interventions, training, SMART survey and operational
issues related to exclusion and discrimination and be
costs to allow a robust humanitarian presence. A
proactive in ensuring the voice of marginalized groups
district-level severity scale was developed based on
is represented. During nutrition assessments and
malnutrition prevalence, access to health/nutrition
surveillance, efforts will be made to collect and analyze
facilities, availability of nutritious and diverse local
protection-related concerns, including GBV and SEA,
food, WASH services, and protection risks. Costings
with data collected disaggregated by sex, age, and
were based on cluster targets and planned activities
disability.
in targeted locations, as well as standard costs for
international procurement, and updated logistics costs
of supplies and medicines.
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse
The Nutrition Cluster will ensure partners to prioritize
A hybrid costing approach was used to determine
the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA)
financial needs for 2025. Cluster partners submitted
in their activities through community sensitization, and
projects with unit-based costing, focusing on lifesaving
the training of government, partners, and suppliers, on
criteria, targeting vulnerable groups of the cluster.
the prevention and identification of such cases and
Prioritization of key interventions and project proposals
the referral pathways, strengthening of friendly and
was based on programme criticality, geographic
accessible reporting mechanisms and coordination
targeting and humanitarian needs following IPC Acute
with the wider humanitarian structure and the
Malnutrition and existing vulnerability assessments.
Government of Mozambique, taking into account
Humanitarian presence in hard-to-reach areas and
sector-specific risks highlighted in the most recent
operational capacity was taken into consideration
Mozambique SEA Risk Register8 and make efforts to
while prioritizing cluster projects.
mitigate against negative coping strategies/protection
risks such as early marriage and transactional sex
Community engagement & accountability to
for food. The Nutrition Cluster will ensure that PSEA
affected people
mechanisms are present, updated and functioning
The Nutrition Cluster partners will have community effectively to have risk mitigation measures,
delivery platforms to engage in identifying malnutrition empowerment messages to the communities and
cases, sensitizing them on optimal hygiene and infant timely and proper support network for survivors. The

57
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Cluster will continue to strengthen coordination with will be conducted on a quarterly basis, with cluster lead
the PSEA network and will identify dedicated focal organizations—UNICEF and the Ministry of Health—and
points and raise awareness, while responding to all utilizing the integrated digital checklist to provide
concerns and complaints following existing principles prompt feedback. Key issues identified will be reported
and procedures as recommended by the interagency and addressed at the cluster coordination meetings.
PSEA network. Mid- and end-year review sessions with all cluster
members will be organized to assess progress against
Response monitoring planned targets, discuss key bottlenecks and defining
main corrective actions to mitigate and address key
The Nutrition Cluster will continue to enhance the joint
issues. Feedback mechanisms of community-based
workplan to coordinate the humanitarian response
platforms will be enforced by the district-level health
in 2025. District-level disaggregated monitoring and
teams. Accessibility and follow-up issues will be
analysis of progress against identified needs will be
discussed on monthly basis in the subnational cluster
updated monthly and presented at cluster coordination
coordination meetings.
meetings. Gender- and age-disaggregated indicators
will be monitored using the 5W. Joint monitoring visits

58
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

survivors of abuse by different actors, especially

3.6 Protection adult male, those without civil documentation and
who have experienced discrimination based on
ethnicity, religion or language; provision of support in
obtaining civil documentation where high percentage
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED of people without documentation reported and
where the delivery capacity is limited; supports case

558K 278K management of persons with specific protection

needs (PWSN), focusing on persons with disabilities
(PwDs), older persons, victims of explosive devices,
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
survivors of torture, arbitrary arrest and detention;
provision of MHPSS to adults, victims of explosive
28 29 $12.8M devices, and PWSN such as PwDs, elderly, survivors
of torture, arbitrary arrest and detention in the areas
Conflict $12.6M
Natural Disaster $0.2M suffered frequently from the attacks, receiving newly
displaced persons; provision of referral support to
protection and information services; community based
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in protection support and empowerment of existing
need and targeted by district protection structures, awareness raising on protection
Cabo risks, CwC, social cohesion, Explosive Ordnance Risk
Delgado

Education (EORE) in the areas where IEDs presence

United Republic of Tanzania
Palma
reported, hosting large number of IDPs, including
Nangade 5K
Maputo
newly displaced, areas with reported social tension
37K
20K
on religion or ethnic ground; and capacity-building,
Mueda training and advocacy on protection of civilians, gender
Mocimboa
da Praia
mainstreaming in protection and guiding principles on
11K Muidumbe
9K internal displacement for local authorities and other
29K stakeholders in conflict-affected districts.
Ibo
Cabo Delgado Macomia
4K 2K

Meluco
Ibo
Separately, the Protection Cluster plans specific
Montepuez 17K
Niassa
Quissanga
activities for areas that are affected by drought
3K
Cidade de and natural disasters, including deployment of
39K Pemba
50K
Ancuabe
Metuge 25K EPUs, provision of MHPSS, dissemination of
Mecufi inclusive early warning messages, capacity-building,
Chiúre 7K
Balama 21K protection assessments and support to identified
Namuno Nampula vulnerable families.

Number of people Severity of needs During the interventions, PWSN, including PwDs
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5 and gender equality considerations will be at the
50K People in need
People targeted focus of protection and assistance programs. The
2k xx K People targeted
cluster will continue strengthening the centrality of
Response strategy protection, implementation of the HCT Protection
Strategy, the work of strategy Implementation Support
In its response, the Protection Cluster in close Group, protection mainstreaming and protection risks
coordination and collaboration with partners analysis workshops of other clusters, localization and
and AoRs in the targeted districts is considering going to increase its advocacy efforts on protection of
protection monitoring of the situation of IDPs civilians issues.
and returnees; provision of legal services to the

59
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People targeted result from various social factors such as gender, age,
race, ethnicity, disability, socio economic status.
The cluster systematically advises involvement of
affected populations of all ages and genders in the The MSNA, Protection Monitoring findings, Protection
design of its interventions as part of its accountability Analysis Update, the findings of the Protection Risk
to affected populations. This is to ensure that IDPs, Analysis Workshop as well as protection assessment
returnees and vulnerable host community members missions conducted to the deep filed informed
can equally enjoy their rights, have access to protection, prioritization of people targeted and the main areas of
services, and assistance on an equal footing, and can intervention.
participate fully in decisions that affect them and their
family members and communities. Therefore, the Response modalities
Protection Cluster is going to target individuals that
are affected by the crisis and not covered through The partners will deliver their activities through a) static
CP, GBV and HLP AoRs activities. As per the standard programs by establishing facilities in community hubs,
breakdown of population by OCHA, 48 per cent of health centers, featuring gender-sensitive designs,
people targeted are men, 52 per cent women, 57 per providing safe, private spaces for women and girls;
cent children, 38 per cent adults, 5 per cent older b) Deploying mobile units to reach remote or conflict-
people and 16 per cent PwDs. affected areas where static facilities are inaccessible,
possessing essential services, such as medical care,
Particular attention will be made to protection risks psychosocial support, and legal assistance, with staff
and needs of PWSN, including PwDs.The Protection trained to meet the specific needs of women and girls;
Cluster adopts the approach to disability enshrined c) where possible, implement cash-based interventions
in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with to empower people targeted, especially women, by
Disabilities (CPRD) (PwDs to include those who have letting them prioritize their needs. This approach
long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory supports local markets and promotes economic
impairments, which, in interaction with various recovery. Financial literacy training will be included to
barriers, hinder their participation in society on an enhance women's economic autonomy. Other Cash
equal basis with others). This highlights that persons based activities are related with case management
with disabilities are persons first – women, men, costs (access to services - such as physical
girls, and boys – and that disability does not reside movements costs - and specific items needed for the
in an individual, but is contextual, and is the result of person/family support).
interaction between societal and individual factors. An
intersectionality approach will be applied to protection The cluster believes that cash/voucher assistance
interventions to address specific vulnerabilities that (CVA) could improve decision making processes
ownership by the affected population. In doing so, the

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

290K 268K 318K 212K 28K 101K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
218K 152K 188K 0

female
100 200 300

male
400 500 600 0

children
100 200

adult elderly
300 400 500 600 0 20 40 60 80 100

143K 134K 158K 106K 14k 76K

PEOPLE
158K 87K 33K 0

female
50 100 150

male
200 250 300 0

children
50 100

adult elderly
150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

60
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

cluster partners first assess the functionality of local ensuring comprehensive, non-duplicative responses
markets, and where they are not functioning, in-kind across districts.
support will be provided. Furthermore, protection
Concerns such as security risks, especially for women Community engagement & accountability to
and girls, are critical. Mobile units adapt to security afected people
dynamics, while static centers are in secure areas
The Protection Cluster and its partners are committed
with GBV prevention measures. Mobile responses are
to Community Engagement and Accountability to
essential for reaching dispersed or mobile populations,
Affected People (AAP) by integrating Protection from
while static centers serve as stable points for settled
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) principles
communities. Involving local communities, particularly
across all activities. All staff, implementing partners,
women, in program planning and implementation
and contractors will continue to be trained on PSEA
ensures culturally appropriate and gender-responsive
commitments, ensuring they understand and comply
interventions. The response modality of the cluster
with these standards. In parallel, communities are
also involves active advocacy at the national, provincial
actively sensitized about PSEA, and accessible
and district level on protection of civilians, particularly
mechanisms, including Linha Verde are in place
on IEDs, implementation of the guiding principles on
for reporting SEA concerns, with follow-up ensured
internal displacement and provisions of the Kampala
through inter-agency reporting and referral pathways.
IDP Convention.

The Protection Cluster prioritizes meaningful

Cost & prioritization of the response engagement with crisis-affected individuals, taking
The overall cost of the Protection Cluster response into account specific needs with a gender, age, and
for HRP 2025 is USD 12.54 million, covering disability lens. Throughout all intervention phases,
the implementation of 29 projects that address including planning, implementation, monitoring and
key protection needs across prioritized areas. evaluation, the cluster promotes inclusive participation,
Approximately 30 partners, including UN agencies, ensuring that feedback, complaints, and information-
international NGOs (INGOs), and national NGOs, sharing mechanisms are accessible and responsive to
including women led and women's rights organizations the needs of all groups.
(NNGOs), are contributing to this effort, ensuring
This approach is comprehensive, covering
a coordinated approach to meet protection needs
communities affected by conflict, drought, and
comprehensively.
high-risk areas for cyclones and floods. By tailoring
The Protection Cluster prioritized activities for funding interventions to the unique vulnerabilities and needs
using a tiered matrix (0-25 per cent; 26-50 per cent; of each group, the Protection Cluster strives to ensure
51-75 per cent; 76-100 per cent), based on both field that all affected populations are not only heard but
data and risk analysis. Insights from the August PAU also supported effectively throughout the humanitarian
workshop and the on-ground experience of partners response. This commitment to accountability
helped to identify priority districts with heightened strengthens trust and reinforces protection outcomes
protection risks. Key activities were then discussed in diverse and challenging contexts.
and agreed upon in cluster meetings, ensuring that the
highest-need areas received the most resources. Each Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse
partner defined their specific role in assigned districts
The Protection Cluster ensures that all partners, staff
and activities, minimizing duplication and optimizing
members, and contractors clearly understand Sexual
resource use to target the most vulnerable populations.
Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) definition and principles
and the UN’s Zero Tolerance Policy. Sexual exploitation
This prioritized and structured approach maximizes
involves any abuse of a position of vulnerability,
the impact of available resources, directing funds
differential power, or trust for sexual purposes,
toward the most critical protection activities and

61
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

including profiting monetarily, socially, or politically. psychosocial support (MHPSS), referrals, community-
Sexual abuse constitutes any actual or threatened based protection, capacity strengthening, and
physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether through advocacy are systematically collected via 5Ws
force, coercion, or unequal conditions, including online reporting. This data, disaggregated by gender, age and
exploitation. disability is analyzed and shared across sectors for
coordinated response monitoring.
To uphold these standards, the Protection Cluster
commits to training all personnel on SEA awareness To uphold quality standards, the Protection Cluster
and compliance with the Zero Tolerance Policy. will monitor the implementation of funded projects in
Additionally, targeted communities are informed the field, ensuring that targeted IDPs, returnees, and
about this policy and provided with safe, accessible host communities receive effective and appropriate
feedback channels, including humanitarian hotlines, services. Monthly cluster meetings provide partners
to confidentially report SEA concerns. The Protection with opportunities to report on activity progress,
Cluster ensures that all complaints are managed with identify gaps, address challenges, and prevent
accountability and follow-up through established inter- duplication. Insights from these reports will feed
agency mechanisms. into the 5Ws data analysis for comprehensive
intersectoral monitoring.
Moreover, the cluster supports the integration of
protection mainstreaming across other clusters, Engagement with communities is prioritized through
developing protection mainstreaming checklists, and focus group discussions, participatory assessments,
conducting protection risk analyses to ensure all individual meetings, and community consultations.
activities adhere to SEA prevention principles. This Community feedback on planned and ongoing
approach strengthens accountability and reinforces the activities is gathered via complaint boxes, feedback
commitment to safe, ethical humanitarian responses. desks, and regular interactions. The Protection
Cluster also participates in Linha Verde Hotline
Response monitoring meetings, integrating community feedback into
response adaptations to address concerns promptly
The Protection Cluster’s response monitoring strategy
and improve service delivery. This community-centric
includes regular data collection, analysis, and
approach strengthens accountability and ensures
intersectoral sharing to ensure accountability and
that interventions remain inclusive and responsive to
effectiveness. Key indicators related to protection
evolving needs
monitoring, legal assistance, civil documentation
support, case management, mental health and

62
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

minimum standards. The CP AoR actively promotes

3.7 Child protection age-adapted, disability inclusive, and gender-
responsive programming to appropriately match
children’s developmental stages, accommodate the
needs of all children and reduce barriers to services,
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED and work towards gender equality, combatting
harmful social norms and associated risks. Support

540K 338K will be shaped on the needs of different population

groups and their specific vulnerabilities. Additionally,
collaborating with other sectors to center children’s
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
protection via child protection mainstreaming and
integration is a core strategy component.
15 16 $10.7M To achieve deeper, more meaningful impact, the
Conflict $10.4M
CP AoR will concentrate on fewer districts with the
Natural Disaster $0.3M
most severe needs as assessed by CPAoR members.
Adolescent girls and boys, identified as particularly
vulnerable groups, require immediate life-saving and
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in life-sustaining services. Our strategy focuses on
need and targeted by district tailored interventions that address their specific needs,
Cabo
Delgado
gender-responisve and integrated approach, including
for girl survivors of sexual violence and boys who are
United Republic of Tanzania Palma

Maputo Nangade 25K mainly used in fighting roles. Collaborating closely with
health and Gender-Based Violence (GBV) actors, we
31K
90K
will enhance access to essential services for these
Mueda
Mocimboa vulnerable populations.
da Praia
44K Muidumbe

19K Multisectoral reintegration services for children

51K
Ibo
associated with armed forces and armed groups
Cabo Delgado Macomia
6K
7K (CAAFAG) will be provided, alongside initiatives to
Ibo

Montepuez
Meluco promote social behavior change among families,
Niassa 18K
Quissanga enhancing protective factors for children. Given that
9K
17K
Cidade de
Pemba child marriage often emerges as a coping mechanism
Metuge
Ancuabe in crisis situations, addressing this issue through
Mecufi
Chiúre family engagement along with collaborations across
Balama 22K
GBV, Education, and health will be a core priority.
Namuno
Nampula

Strengthening partnerships with district authorities,

Number of people Severity of needs
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5
sectoral clusters, and community leaders is vital to
50K People in need bolstering local protection mechanisms, ensuring
People targeted
2k xx K People targeted nterventions are effective and sustainable. By fostering
local ownership, we aim to create immediate support
Response strategy
pathways for at-risk children and their families.
The 2025 Child Protection Area of Responsibility (CP Ultimately, the CP AoR aims to improve access to
AoR) strategy prioritizes delivering critical, specialized critical services and foster a safer environment for
child protection services through a comprehensive at-risk children and their families in Cabo Delgado.
socio-ecological approach in line with child protection

63
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People targeted recruitment by armed groups, and risks posed by

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) for children
In response to a 200 per cent increase in grave working in rural areas.
violations against children compared to the previous
year andwith trends in abduction linked to recruitment Response modalities
and use of children, the Child Protection Area of
Responsibility (CP AoR) recognizes the urgent need CP AoR partners design interventions based on
to address the specific needs of affected children, identified needs, community perceptions and
comprising approximately 48 per cent boys and 52 participation, risk assessments, and minimum
per cent girls. Tailored interventions will focus on standards To foster a more holistic, sustained
these groups, particularly vulnerable adolescents. protective environment for children, the CP AoR will 1)
Our strategy will support primary age school children provide coordinated, specialized CP case management,
while also serving adolescents aged 11-18 years, who including focused mental health and psychosocial
represent 70 per cent of our targeted child population. support (MHPSS), family tracing and reunification,
alternative care for individual children in vulnerable
Our targeted approach prioritizes the following groups: situations, and information management; 2) facilitate
out of a total of 337,506 children, 91,127 are aged group MHPSS activities including safe spaces with a
0-10 years (30 per cent), and 212,629 are adolescents focus on adolescent programming, including peer to
aged 11-18 years (70 per cent). Additionally, we will peer networks; 3) strengthen community-level child
engage caregivers, who account for 10 per cent of protection through support for community groups
our targeted population, including 27,000 adults addressing harmful social norms, identifying risks and
aged 18-59 and 6,750 elderly individuals aged 60 and raising awareness, facilitating referrals, and developing
above. The strategy also includes specific provisions risk mitigation plans; 4) to ensure the prevention and
for persons with disabilities, ensuring that 10 per cent response to child marriage and harmful practices that
of our targeted population consists of children and are particularly affecting girls rights and well-being
individuals with disabilities. and ensure birth registration services are accessible
in collaborating with local authorities and community
In collaboration with the education sector and health leaders to enhance the legal identity; and 5) expand
actors, we aim to create integrated support systems availability of localized, culturally-relevant services
for adolescents and their families, acknowledging through interagency coordination and capacity
the distinct needs of both boys and girls in a conflict strengthening and intersectoral collaboration to
context. Our comprehensive approach will address reduce the vulnerability and access to the fundamental
barriers these populations face in accessing essential rights of the children, especially affected by disasters.
services, including threats of abduction, child marriage, Coordinated capacity strengthening through training

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

276K 255K 478K 43K 11K 53K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
161K 222K 157K female
0 100 200 300

male
400 500 600 0

children
100 200

adult elderly
300 400 500 0 20 40 60 80 100

175K 162K 304K 27K 7k 34K

PEOPLE
93K 150K 95K 0

female
50 100 150 200

male
250 300 350 0

children
50 100 150

adult elderly
200 250 300 350 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

64
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

and coaching local, national, and international child Key activities needing substantial funding include
protection staff and volunteers, community networks, family reunification for unaccompanied and separated
other relevant sectors, specifically education and children (UASC), prevention and response to child
health, will focus on CP prevention and response marriage, and reintegration services for Children
strategies per the CPMS and CP mainstreaming and Associated with Armed Groups and Armed Forces
integration. Efforts to recruit, train, and support (CAAFAG). Funding needs are calculated based on the
sufficient number of women staff and volunteers number of people targeted and expected caseloads
alongside male staff is key to promoting accessible, per activity. By evaluating input costs and dividing by
trusted services. Joint training and streamlined the target population, the CP AoR ensures realistic
referral pathways with GBV actors aims to remove estimates. In partnership with the Strategic Advisory
barriers to accessing services, promote improved Group (SAG), cost estimates consider child protection
services, and use resources more efficiently and minimum standards.
prevent duplication. Collaborative linkages with
other sectors will also ensure a holistic approach to Community engagement & accountability to
supporting Children Associated with Armed Forces and affected people
Armed Groups (CAAFAG), including access to informal
The CP AoR and its partners are dedicated to
education, improved health services, justice, and
Community Engagement and Accountability to
essential documentation. The CP AoR will prioritize
Affected People (AAP) by supporting the establishment
reaching the most vulnerable out-of-school children
of safe, confidential and gender-responsive channels
through increased emphasis on community-based
where girls, boys and their parents can express
structures and outreach activities and engage working
complaints and receive feedbacks. CP AoR embeds
children on farms and in rural areas, ensuring activities
Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA)
are scheduled at suitable times for both boys and girls.
principles across all activities. All staff, implementing
A mobile approach will be utilized to access remote
partners, and contractors receive training on PSEA
and high-risk locations, offering a minimum package of
commitments to ensure a thorough understanding
services that includes monitoring child protection risks,
of these standards. Concurrently, communities are
MHPSS, and family tracing and reunification.
sensitized about PSEA, and accessible mechanisms
are established for reporting SEA concerns, with
Cost & prioritization of the response
follow-up actions coordinated through inter-agency
The Child Protection AoR developed a strategic reporting and referral pathways.
approach with the Protection Cluster and member
organizations to ensure effective resource allocation, The CP AoR prioritizes meaningful engagement with
avoid duplication, and enhance support for local crisis-affected individuals, recognizing intersectional
actors. This involved preparing detailed costings and vulnerabilities and specific needs depending on sex,
identifying priority life-saving activities. To address age, and ability. Inclusive participation is promoted
urgent child protection needs, the CP AoR requires USD throughout all phases of intervention—planning,
10.4 million to provide services to 330,000 children implementation, and evaluation—ensuring that
and caregivers. This funding is vital for immediate feedback, complaints, reporting, and information-
interventions that save lives and establish sustainable, sharing mechanisms are accessible and responsive to
long-term solutions. Project assessments were based the needs of diverse groups, including children. While
on geographic location, potential impact on children, prioritizing assistance to the most vulnerable group
and alignment with life-saving and life-sustaining affected by conflict, drought, and high-risk areas prone
activities. Selected projects prioritize the most to cyclones and floods. By tailoring interventions to
vulnerable districts and uphold children's rights. meet the unique vulnerabilities and needs of each
group, the CP AoR aims to ensure that all affected

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

populations are not only listened to but also supported and effectiveness. Key indicators related to Mental
effectively throughout the humanitarian response. Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), case
This strong commitment to accountability builds trust management, Family Tracing and Reunification (FTR)
and enhances protection outcomes in complex and for Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC),
challenging environments. reintegration services for Children Associated with
Armed Forces and Armed Groups (CAAFAG), child
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse marriage prevention, and access to birth registration
are collected through 5Ws reporting. Child-friendly
The CP AoR ensures all partners, staff members, and
participatory monitoring tools will be employed to
contractors are well-informed about child safeguarding,
capture feedback from affected children, ehnacning
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) and the UN’s
strengthened intersectoral data sharing for coordinated
Zero Tolerance Policy. To uphold protective standards,
response efforts.
the CP AoR is committed to providing training for all
personnel on child safeguarding, SEA awareness and To uphold high-quality standards, the CP AoR will
adherence to the Zero Tolerance Policy. Communities oversee project implementation, ensuring that services
targeted by interventions are also informed about effectively reach internally displaced persons (IDPs),
this policy and given safe, accessible feedback returnees, and host communities. Monthly AoR
mechanisms, such as humanitarian hotlines, to report meetings provide a platform for partners to report on
SEA concerns confidentially. progress, identify gaps, and address challenges, with
findings informing the 5Ws data analysis.
The CP AoR guarantees that all complaints are handled
with transparency and follow-up through established Gender equitable community engagement will focus on
inter-agency procedures. In addition, the CP AoR focus group discussions, participatory assessments,
promotes child protection mainstreaming across and consultations with women, men, girls and boys
other sectors, developing practical checklists and to gather feedback using child-friendly methods.
conducting thorough protection risk assessments to Additionally, the CP AoR will promote the use of
ensure that all activities align with child safeguarding hotlines like Linha Fala Criança, enabling children to
and SEA prevention principles. This comprehensive report issues and seek assistance confidentially. The
approach enhances accountability and reinforces a CP AoR will also conduct lessons learned workshops
commitment to safe, ethical humanitarian responses. with partners, government representatives, and
affected populations to enhance monitoring practices.
Response monitoring An increased presence of the CPAoR coordination
The CP AoR’s response monitoring strategy meetings and regular visits at the district level
emphasizes systematic data collection, analysis, will strengthen coordination with local actors and
and sharing across sectors to ensure accountability government and ensure responsiveness and greater
understanding to community needs.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

adolescent girls, women and girls with disabilities

and women and girls in intersectoral severity 4 and
3.8 Protection - Gender 5. GBV AoR activities will focus on districts with high
Based Violence (GBV) needs, such as Macomia, Quissanga, Mocimboa Da
Praia, Nangade, and Palma. During the prioritization
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED of districts and GBV needs, indicators such as
partner presence and response capacity, access

533K 373K and availability of services, caseload, concentration,

specific target groups, and levels of state involvement
were considered.
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)

The prioritized GBV lifesaving activities are specialized

12 13 $13.5M GBV case management and case referral, Clinical

management of rape and other medical care
Conflict $12.1M
for survivors of GBV, Psychosocial support and
Natural Disaster $1.4M
psychological First aid services, legal aid services,
Dignity kits, and cash assistance as part of case
management, GBV Prevention, and risk mitigation
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in
activities, including access to lifesaving GBV
need and targeted by district
information. Besides, GBV AoR also identified life-
Cabo
Delgado
sustaining activities such as Capacity enhancement
Palma
for the community, local actors, women and girls’
United Republic of Tanzania
Maputo Nangade 29K networks, and women and girl’s empowerment and life
22K
skills activities.
60K
Mueda
Mocimboa
GBV AoR identified inclusive, participatory, and
da Praia
34K Muidumbe
confidential response strategies to ensure timely
18K access to safe GBV services based on 2024 good
39K
Ibo practices and lessons learned. GBV AoR will build on
Cabo Delgado Macomia 6K
7K Ibo
the existing resources and women-led GBV Prevention
Montepuez
Meluco
19K
mechanisms to deliver localized services tailored to
Niassa
22K
Quissanga the needs of the GBV survivors. In 2024, GBV AoR
25K Cidade de
31K Pemba partners reached 46 per cent of the planned target,
Metuge 32K
Ancuabe
and only $4.2M (23 per cent) of the required funding
Mecufi
Chiúre 5K was received as of September 2024 . Compared to the
Balama 24K
2024 HRP, there is a 57 per cent decrease in target and
Nampula
Namuno
a 51 per cent decrease in financial requirements. All
Number of people Severity of needs
GBV AoR partners' service provision will be guided by
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5 a survivor-centered approach, GBV case management
50K People in need
People targeted principles, and GBV minimum service provision
in emergencies. Intersectoral and coordinated
2k xx K People targeted

Response strategy approaches will be considered in all GBV interventions

to ensure effective and efficient utilization of resources
GBV AoR prioritized lifesaving and life-sustaining among sectors and clusters.
activities to address the immediate needs of GBV
survivors and vulnerable groups of people, including
Elderly women, Female-headed households, LGBTQIA+,

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

People targeted and are seeking lifesaving GBV services. Conflicts

and climate shocks have weakened social support
Individual and location-based vulnerability criteria were structures, institutions, and networks, leading to a
used to prioritize target groups from those affected breakdown of traditional accountability mechanisms,
people in need of GBV services. The most vulnerable increased exposure to and normalization of acts of
people prioritized in 2025 HRP are survivors of GBV, GBV amid restricted access to services, shortages
Women, and girls at risk of GBV and other protection of frontline providers, and limited service availability.
risks, Female-headed Households, elderly women, Moreover, some existing GBV service facilities, such as
women and girls with disabilities, and LGTBQA+ GBV One-Stop Centers, Safe Houses, and Women and
individuals. These groups are highly vulnerable to the Girls Friendly Spaces, provide minimal services below
different forms of GBV risks due to their vulnerable the minimum standards.
position, limited self-protection, unequal access
to services, social and cultural discrimination, and Response modalities
retaliation from the perpetrators and their family
members. In addition, their vulnerability can be GBV AoR partners will use hybrid modalities of service
disproportionately affected by the availability of provision to address specific and differential needs
essential services and risk mitigation measures, of women, girls, men, and boys. These include: (i)
including insecurity and social protection mechanisms. facility-based GBV service provision through women
and girls’ friendly spaces, GBV one-stop centers,
GBV AoR identified 533,025(458,756 (86 per cent) integrated health facilities, and SRHR Mobile clinics.
women and girls) people in need. From this, GBV GBV facilities will be used as points of referral and GBV
AoR will target 373,117(223,870(60 per cent) women, information, provide specialized case management,
223,870(26 per cent) girls, 97,011 (9 per cent) men, and offer structured psychosocial support and physical
33,581 (5 per cent) Boys, 9,504 (2.8 per cent) Elderly, and emotional safety for survivors and women and
55,968 (15 per cent) people with disabilities. 115,147 girls at risk of GBV. (ii) Community-based service
(89,496, 78 per cent) women and girls were targeted in provision through mobile outreach team, such as
natural hazard affected areas through integrated GBV GBV social mobilization, information dissemination
response and prevention activities. through the help of volunteers, mobile bridges, and
change agents. (iii) Provide Nonfood items (dignity
The GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response kits) and capacity enhancement through coaching,
services are in deteriorated severity 5 and 4 districts, mentoring, and consistent life skill training. These
such as Macomia, Quissanga, Mocimboa Da Praia, modalities are essential in protecting the dignity and
Nangade, and Palma. Despite the under-reporting, confidentiality of target groups, enabling access
women and girls account for 98 per cent of survivors to hard-to-reach areas, promoting community

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

459K 74K 261K 258K 14K 80K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
208K 226K 100K female
0 100 200 300

male
400 500 600 0

children
100 200

adult elderly
300 400 500 600 0 20 40 60 80 100

321K 52K 183K 181K 10k 56K

PEOPLE
149K 156K 68K 0

female
50 100 150 200

male
250 300 350 400 0

children
50 100 150

adult elderly
200 250 300 350 400 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

participation and their contribution to the project, and personnel know the IASC standards of conduct
empowering them to claim their rights. Modalities for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse
were prioritized based on their comparative advantage (PSEA) and understand their personal and managerial
over other models observed in 2024. Service provision responsibilities to address sexual exploitation and
through multiple response modalities will help GBV abuse and other misconduct. (ii) Safe and accessible
partners in addressing the diversified and differential reporting: Establish a system for access to safe
needs of GBV survivors by employing inclusive and gender-sensitive pathways to report GBV/
gender and age-friendly services in line with Survivor SEA, including through Complaints Feedback and
centered approach. Response Mechanisms (CFRMs) and Linah Verde
(1458). This will lead to access to appropriate, timely,
Cost & prioritization of the response and conceptualized services for those in the most
vulnerable situations. (iii) Victims’ right to assistance:
The total funds required to address the life-saving
Every survivor of GBV/SEA will be offered immediate,
and sustaining interventions of GBV response and
quality assistance (medical care, psychosocial
prevention activities is $12M, and $10M (86 per cent)
support, legal assistance, sustainable reintegration
fund is required for lifesaving while $2M (16 per cent)
support). (iv) Accountability and investigations: Every
is for life-sustaining GBV activities such as community
woman and girl affected by GBV/SEA cases will be
and volunteers’ capacity enhancement and women
investigated in a prompt and safe way, in accordance
empowerment activities. Out of this, 1.38M is required
with a survivor’s centered approach.
to address urgent GBV needs in natural hazard-
affected locations, prioritizing vulnerable women and
Response monitoring
girls. All women and girls in intersectoral severity
4 and 5 districts will be considered for life saving GBV AoR will report targets reached on specified
interventions. In 2025, 8 HRP partners submitted indicators through monthly updates by partners using
their budgets and response plans for nine projects 5W response dashboard monitoring and response gap
to address the identified GBV needs in 15 districts of analysis, as well as quarterly service mapping. Regular
Cabo Delgado. monitoring and analysis of the GBV AoR situation on
the ground, including through the activities of the GBV
Community engagement & accountability to case management and GBVIMS launched in 2024, will
affected people support the production of regular GBV AoR briefing
notes and Trend Analysis Updates to be shared with
GBV AoR will collaborate with the AAP working
the broader humanitarian community. Moreover, the
group and advisory team to plan and respond with
AoR will produce dashboards and infographics to
stakeholders, enabling rights holders to assert their
reflect the progress made and to identify gaps and
rights. AoR will ensure relevancy and accessibility
delays in implementation. GBV AoR will assist partners
by consulting and engaging targeted community
in using a result-based management approach in
members in IEC material production. In conjunction
their programming and monitoring by setting the
with partners, GBV AoR will increase complaint and
foundation for the use of GBVIMS and 5W response
feedback mechanisms in all areas by implementing
reports. Accountability to affected populations (AAP)
the Client Satisfaction Survey and other community-led
will remain a priority for protection partners who will
monitoring mechanisms, such as safety audits, to
facilitate meaningful participation and engagement
ensure AAP. Partners will promote women and girls'
of affected communities, including but not limited to
participation and gender sensitivity, using various
establishing effective feedback mechanisms within
women and girls' safe spaces feedback and reporting
Women and girls' safe spaces and hotlines. Monitoring
mechanisms throughout the program cycle.
progress against indicators will be disaggregated by
sex, age, gender, and disability to better understand
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse
whether protection interventions reach all those who
GBV AoR will focus on the following SEA/GBV pillars: need them the most.
(i) Prevention: All GBV AoR partners, staff, and related

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

faced by women in accessing land and property due

3.9 Protection -Housing, to gender discrimination and traditional gender roles,
Land and Property Rights targeted interventions will ensure women receive
tailored support through information sharing on their
(HLP) property rights to reduce the risk of gender-based
exclusion; and access to safe housing services
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED
reducing their vulnerability to gender-based protection
risks. Similarly, vulnerable groups, including people
224K 59K with disabilities and the elderly, will be prioritized in all
services related to land and housing.

PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)

This year, HLP AoR response plan builds on last year’s
efforts by expanding programmatic priorities to include
4 4 $1.7M provision of comprehensive legal access to land and
housing, information sharing and community capacity-
building initiatives. In 2024, a total of 17,000 people
were supported with HLP services. For 2025, the
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in
AoR is aims to reach around 59,000 people, including
need and targeted by district
Cabo
returnees, IDPs and host communities.
Delgado

Palma The response strategy also incorporates critical

United Republic of Tanzania
Maputo
Nangade 6K cross-cutting issues. Gender sensitivity is integral to
3K
all programs, ensuring that the specific needs, barriers
12K
and challenges of women are recognized, protection
Mueda

6K
Mocimboa
da Praia risks reduced, and women’s participation prioritized
Muidumbe in decision-making processes related to housing and
4K
5K land rights. Inclusivity for people with disabilities
Cabo Delgado Macomia
Ibo
1K will be ensured while prioritizing them in accessing
1K
Ibo HLP services.
Montepuez Meluco 3K
Niassa 3K
Quissanga

3K
People targeted
5K
4K
Ancuabe Metuge
Cidade de The HLP AoR in its humanitarian efforts focuses on
Pemba
Mecufi 1K
4K a targeted demographic breakdown, acknowledging
Balama Chiúre
the specific needs of different groups. The approach
Nampula
Namuno
involves a meticulous disaggregation by gender, age,
and disability. Furthermore, special attention will
Number of people Severity of needs
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5
be given to vulnerable groups including people with
50K People in need
People targeted
disabilities, women, women heads of households and
2k xx K People targeted
elderly, ensuring that HLP services and interventions
are inclusive and accessible. Overall, the target
Response strategy
population for HLP activities is 59,119people. From
Urgent needs in geographic areas with high number this number, 28,377 are males and 30,742 females.
of returnees and land disputes. The AoR response Additionally, there are 41,384 adults aged 18 to 59, and
strategy emphasizes understanding and addressing 11,824 elderly individuals aged 60 and above. Among
the differentiated needs of women, men, and other the overall population, 1,773 are people living with
marginalized groups. In response to the barriers disabilities.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

In the ambitious pursuit of advancing HLP initiatives, navigate legal complexities in securing their housing
a comprehensive plan has been outlined based on and property rights.
needs analysis, emphasizing a strategic allocation of
resources and efforts, especially to areas of returns. Dynamic and inclusive approaches include consulting
At the forefront of implementation, legal assistance and sensitizing host communities via HLP due
pertaining to HLP is deemed critical. The approach diligence exercises. This not only fosters community
is twofold, addressing both collective and individual engagement but also ensures that the unique
needs related to housing, land, and property. This perspectives and specific needs of women and men
legal support is poised to lay a robust foundation for are considered in the decision-making processes.
subsequent interventions. Simultaneously, a concerted Furthermore, the sector partners will actively support
effort to engage with host communities through HLP communities in increasing land tenure security through
due diligence exercises is set in motion. The objective community land delimitation and titling. This tangible
here is to consult and sensitize these communities, effort empowers communities to assert their rights
fostering a collaborative understanding of the HLP over their land. Additionally, the formation of joint
framework in the context of housing, land, and property. associations, demarcations, and titling initiatives
The next crucial step in the high-priority phase further strengthens community resilience and their
involves assisting communities in enhancing their ability to collectively advocate for and secure their land
land tenure security within the housing and property rights. Considerations in determining these modalities
context. This is envisaged through the meticulous are comprehensive, considering the operationality of
process of community land delimitation and titling in local markets and addressing protection concerns.
area of returns.
The gender-responsive approach ensures that
interventions are not only effective but also tailored to
Response modalities
the distinct needs and vulnerabilities of both women
In response to the multifaceted challenges, the AoR and men. By engaging communities in consultative
partners have strategically identified modalities and processes and providing legal assistance, the strategy
programs, ensuring a gender-responsive approach to actively involves beneficiaries, fostering a sense of
address the differentiated needs of women and men. ownership and empowerment in securing their housing,
The activities encompass a range of service delivery land, and property rights. Finally, information sharing
modalities designed to maximize the impact. Firstly, will also be prioritized through door-to-door visits but
provision of HLP legal assistance, whether collective also in groups community meetings, information
or individual, stands as a cornerstone. Secondly, this sharing through community leaders. This intends to
ensures that vulnerable individuals, especially women strengthen the knowledge of the communities about
and marginalized groups, receive tailored support to their HLP rights and related available services.

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

117K 108K 22K 157K 45K 7K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
47K 54K 123K 0

female
50 100

male
150 200 250 0

children
50 100

adult elderly
150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100

35K 32K 6K 48K 12K 2K

PEOPLE
14K 32K 12K 0

female
10 20 30 40

male
50 60 70 80 0

children
10 20 30

adult elderly
40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

71
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

The AoR considered modality of response includes and continuity of HLP initiatives related to housing,
static and mobile programs. It will also ensure land, and property. This engagement extends to
gender equality and protection concerns of the organizing and participating in HLP advocacy
population in the targeted areas before and during the engagements, amplifying the initiative's reach and
delivery of services by integrating gender-responsive impact in the housing, land, and property sphere.
assessments and participatory approaches to
identify the specific needs of women, men, boys, Community engagement & accountability to
and girls, ensuring that services are accessible, affected people
inclusive, and responsive to the diverse needs of all
The Housing, Land, and Property is committed to
community members. This will involve training staff
mainstreaming Protection from Sexual Exploitation
on gender issues, establishing referral mechanisms
and Abuse (PSEA) through comprehensive strategies
for GBV survivors, and engaging with local women's
that engage partners and affected communities
organizations to amplify their voices in program design
effectively. All staff, including implementing
and implementation.
partners and contractors, will undergo mandatory
training on PSEA commitments to ensure a shared
Cost & prioritization of the response
understanding of responsibilities. Partners will
As the initiative progresses into its next phase, conduct regular sensitization sessions to different
constituting the allocation of 26 per cent to 50 per communities to raise awareness about PSEA and
cent of funding, medium-priority actions come to provide clear information on how to report concerns
the forefront. Among these is the imperative task of and abuses. Accessible reporting mechanisms will
providing HLP capacity-building trainings to community be established, allowing affected individuals to voice
leaders. This strategic move seeks to empower their issues confidentially and safely, further ensuring
community leaders with the necessary knowledge accountability and follow-up through inter-agency
and skills to effectively navigate HLP challenges reporting and referral mechanisms.
related to housing, land, and property. Simultaneously,
communities will be engaged through awareness- To engage crisis-affected people inclusively, the AoR
raising sessions, fostering a deeper understanding of will consider the gender, age, and diversity approach.
their rights within the HLP framework. Focus group discussions and consultations with
diverse population segments to identify their specific
The third and final phase, contingent upon receiving needs and concerns regarding housing and land rights
over 76 per cent of the anticipated funding, will be conducted. By promoting participatory decision-
encompasses low-priority actions. A key focus in making, the AoR aims to empower marginalized groups,
this stage is the provision of HLP capacity-building including women and women heads of households,
and mainstreaming trainings to both humanitarian ensuring their voices are heard and considered in our
organizations and government authorities, specifically interventions. Additionally, the partners will adapt
tailored to address housing, land, and property issues communication methods, community outreach
with a focus on women’s challenges and rights in strategies and complaint and feedback mechanism to
relation to housing, land, and property. By integrating accommodate different groups. This aims at ensuring
HLP principles into the practices of these key that everyone has equal access to information, means
stakeholders, a sustainable and widespread impact is to report SEA or other issues and give feedback.
envisaged in the realm of housing, land, and property.
Prevention of Sexual Exploitation & Abuse
Furthermore, local partners are envisioned to play
an integral role as active members of the HLP Area The Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) sector partners
of Responsibility (AoR) within the housing, land, and will actively engage in the prevention and response
property context. Their participation is not only to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) through a
welcomed but considered essential for the success

72
mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

multifaceted approach that emphasizes accountability Data on key indicators related to awareness raising,
and follow-up on related issues. dispute resolution, HLP legal assistance and advocacy,
individual and group counseling and capacity building
1. Training and Awareness: All the AoR partners are systematically collected via 5Ws reporting. This
will undergo comprehensive training on PSEA data is analyzed and shared across sectors for
principles, including prevention strategies, coordinated response monitoring.
recognition of abuse, and appropriate
response protocols. This training will also be To uphold quality standards, the AoR will monitor the
extended to staff, implementing partners, and implementation of funded projects in the field, ensuring
contractors to ensure a unified understanding of that targeted IDPs, returnees, and host communities
PSEA commitments. receive effective services. Monthly HLP AoR meetings
provide partners with opportunities to report on activity
2. Community Engagement: We will conduct progress, identify gaps, address challenges, and
community sensitization sessions to inform prevent duplication. Insights from these reports will
affected populations about PSEA, their rights, feed into the 5Ws data analysis for comprehensive
and the avenues available for reporting concerns. intersectoral monitoring.
These sessions will promote a culture of zero
tolerance towards exploitation and abuse. Engagement with communities is prioritized through
gender-sensitive focus group discussions, participatory
3. Collaboration with Inter-Agency Networks: The assessments, individual meetings, and community
HLP AoR will actively participate in inter-agency consultations. Community feedback on planned
networks to coordinate PSEA efforts, share best and ongoing activities is gathered via complaint
practices, and ensure alignment with established boxes, feedback desks, and regular interactions. The
reporting and referral mechanisms. This HLP AoR also participates in Linha Verde Hotline
collaboration will enhance the overall effectiveness meetings, integrating community feedback into
of PSEA initiatives and support a united front response adaptations to address concerns promptly
against exploitation and abuse. and improve service delivery. This community-centric
approach strengthens accountability and ensures
Response monitoring that interventions remain inclusive and responsive to
evolving needs.
The HLP AoR response monitoring strategy includes
regular data collection, analysis, and intersectoral
sharing to ensure accountability and effectiveness.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

in the previous year. Owing to these attacks and

3.10 Shelter and NFIs displacements, DTM Round 21 subsequently observed
a 4 per cent reduction in the rate of returns as
compared to 2024 while Cabo Delgado remains the
most affected province with 541,400 IDPs and 576,280
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED returnees, particularly in Mocímboa da Praia, Palma,
and Mueda districts.

775K 334K In 2024, shelter clusters partners were able to

mobilize 37 per cent of the requested financial ask.
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) This resulted in reduction in operational footprint
of partners hence resulting in prioritization of the

11 11 $24.8M response in the most affected districts. Given a

similar funding trend expected in 2025, shelter
Conflict $21.8M
cluster partners will adopt a multi-layered approach
Natural Disaster $2.9M
to prioritization. Districts facing lack of service
restoration, with critical infrastructure damage
compounded by worsening access and security in
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in 2024 will be prioritized for assistance. As returns
need and targeted by district continue, far flung and hard to reach locations will be
prioritized for assistance while partners will prioritize
Cabo
Delgado

addressing needs of most vulnerable families in

United Republic of Tanzania Palma

Maputo Nangade
line with the protection cluster guidance on the
selection criteria.
36K
65K
Mueda
12K Mocimboa
In line with the CERF life-saving shelter cluster
da Praia
Muidumbe partners will utilize a wide range of response
19K options for displaced, non-displaced and returning
63K
Ibo
populations. Assistance will range from provision of
Macomia
Cabo Delgado
13K
19K essential household items, provision of emergency
Ibo

Montepuez
Meluco shelters, shelter repairs and upgrades, provision
Niassa 37K
Quissanga
of temporary shelters as well as emergency repair
35K Cidade de
Pemba of community infrastructure. Low-cost upgradable
Metuge
Ancuabe shelters combined with technical trainings for local
Mecufi
Chiúre
artisans and affect communities will enhance affected
Balama 36K
populations’ capacity to self-recover, reduce reliance
Nampula
Namuno on humanitarian aid and increase outreach.

Number of people Severity of needs

162K Engagement with CCCM cluster and government
100K 1 2 3 4 5
50K People in need bodies (including SDPI) will be paramount to
People targeted
2k xx K People targeted ensure reassignment, safe decommissioning or
upgrades of shelters as appropriate. Shelter cluster
Response strategy
will also closely coordinate with the development
During the first half of 2024, attacks and fear of attacks partners to create synergies for improved livelihood
in Ibo, Macomia, Quissanga, Chiure, Mecufi, Mocimboa opportunities, technical assistance and community led
da Praia, and Muidumbe triggered the nearly five reconstruction practices.
times (201,000) more internal displacements than

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

The cluster's response to natural disasters is divided Ibo and Mueda while nearly 232,360 people will
into two approaches: be targeted in the northern districts of Macomia,
Quissanga,Nangade,Muidumbe Mocimboa da Praia
1. Improving preparedness by pre-positioning key and Meluco.
items to provide emergency shelter (toolkits and
tarps) and essential household items (blankets, Needs analysis was conducted using Multi-
sleeping mats, kitchen kits, mosquito nets, and sector Needs Assessment (by DTM in June
solar lamps). This pre-positioning aims to reach 2024), DTM Emergency Tracking Tool reports and
60,000 people, approximately 12,000 households. RRM-assessments in 2024 while targets were
determined based on CCCM cluster’s ABC approach,
2. Capacity building and community resilience in Shelter cluster 5Ws and partner operational
the reinforcement, repair, and reconstruction capacities in 2024.
of shelters, based on the Build Back Better
initiative, through: MSNA results indicate only 5 per cent of the assessed
shelters were made of CGI and cement blocks while
3. the design and production of Information, 50 per cent of the assessed shelters were made of
Education, and Communication materials. traditional materials with a pau a pique structure
and the remaining 45 per cent were made of mixed
4. Training community leaders
materials. The results also indicated varying degree
of damages of shelters with only 24 per cent shelters
These approaches aim to reach 44,137 people,
noting no damages. Shelters were observed that were
bringing the total number of people reached by
completely collapsed, with roof at the risk of collapse
the shelter sector strategy to 104,137, more than
roof, roof with cracks, with critical damages to walls
20,000 households.
and floors and damages to windows and doors posing
key protection risks.
People targeted
In 2025, the Shelter cluster projects 774,717 people Households headed by women face security
in need of Emergency Shelter and NFI assistance challenges and inadequate living conditions due to
of which shelter cluster partners intend to target leaks during rain (33 per cent), lack of privacy inside
333,914 individuals in the conflict affected districts. the shelter (22 per cent without partitions, doors),
This comprises of 39 per cent returnees, 51 per shelter often too hot/cold (17 per cent), and lack of
cent IDPs and 10 per cent non-displaced. Over lighting outside the shelter (14 per cent).
101,000 people will be targeted in the displacement
hotspots in southern districts of Chiure, Metuge,

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

418K 356K 395K 325K 54K 116K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
318K 224K 232K 0

female
100 200 300 400 500

male
600 700 800 0

children
100 200 300

adult elderly
400 500 600 700 800 0 20 40 60 80 100

180K 154K 170K 140K 23k -

PEOPLE
170K 131K 33K 0

female
50 100 150 200

male
250 300 350 0

children
50 100 150

adult elderly
200 250 300 350 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Challenges to cook and access to resources and basic and CCCM Clusters to address issues related to
infrastructure to ensure food security are also faced for HLP, protection mainstreaming, tackling GBV and the
households headed by women who also are impacted inclusion of most vulnerable housholds. Participatory
by greater burden of care work and associated approaches in the shelter design and construction
protection risks. A high percentage of women (62 per processes will help promote conflict sensitive
cent) report insufficient essential cooking items, such interventions and to ensure additional support is made
as utensils and kitchen sets, while 54 per cent indicate avaible to vulnerable individuals during distributions
the lack of access to cooking facilities, 24 per cent and construction processes.
unsafe cooking facilities, 22 per cent inadequate space
for cooking (leaks during rain, no ventilation), and 13 Cost & prioritization of the response
per cent insufficient space.
In 2025, Shelter and NFIs cluster response overall
To ensure better living conditions and face adverse budget is U$ 21.8 million, distributed across 10
weather settings, women and their households urgently partners. The sector envelope is estimated based
need basic items such as sleeping bags (69 per cent), on the operational capacities of the partners, needs
kitchen sets (63 per cent), blankets (59 per cent), determined at district level and activities prioritized as
clothing (56 per cent), mosquito nets (48 per cent) and part of the shelter cluster strategy..
tools for shelter repair (38 per cent).
The first quartile and 2nd quartile of the budget (1-50
In line with the protection cluster guidance shelter per cent) is allocated to life saving E-Shelter and
cluster partners will ensure targeting of most NFI assistance including support for strengthening
vulnerable through household level needs and/or the Shelter cluster, the cluster pipeline and cluster
verification assessments to prioritize, households with coordination. The second and third quartile (26 per
single mothers, disabled, with chronic diseases (HIV cent-75 per cent) will be allocated to activities such as
and AIDS), displaced women previously under social provision of additional construction material, labour
assistance, women caring for other people’s children support, technical trainings for construction teams as
and elderly people. well as local artisans.

Where allocated budget exceeds, 76 per cent additional

Response modalities
funding budget will be allocated offer promotion for
In 2025, shelter cluster partners will continue to of the promotion of “build back better” techniques
operate using static and mobile response approaches. principles in shelter programming and resilience
The NFI Common Pipeline will remain key in supporting building activities. Where possible, shelter activities
the UN and NGO rapid response mechanisms. Shelter will be supported with cash-based interventions and
cluster will closely work with the Rapid Response Fund linked with other livelihood activities.
and the OCHA led pooled fund to increase outreach,
build local capacities, promote localization. Community engagement & accountability to
affected eople
While the cluster will encourage cash based response
where markets are functional, a large proportion of Effective community engagement measures are
the response is expected to be provided through paramount to reduce protection risks and empower
in-kind support. Technical support from shelter actors affected communities. In coordination with the AAP/
and coordination with development and livelihood CE working group, Shelter cluster partners will continue
programmes will be essential in ensuring an efficient to work towards strengthening various mechanisms in
response that promotes self recovery and reduces place that raise and report community concerns. This
reliance on humanitarian aid. includes utilizing channels such as a) Site Maintenance
Committes to inform the affected communities
The cluster will continue to conduct joint inter-sector about type of assistance, beneficiary contribution,
assessment visits and work with the Protection Cluster prioritisation criteria prior to implementation, b) Linha

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Verde 1458 and CCCM Complaints and Feedback and HLP right violations, among others. Shelter
Mechanisms, to record grivences, complaints and cluster promotes a zero-tolerance approach for any
feedback about the assistance provided and provide feedback and complaints received through the various
assistance to the most vulnerable families that monitoring channels.
are referred through these channels c) partners
own monitoring mechanisms to collect feedback Response monitoring
and improve the response. Partners will ensure
Shelter cluster partners utilize various tools to monitor
communities are aware of their rights and channels to
gaps in the response. This ranges from detailed
report their concerns.
household level assessments such as the Multi sector
Community engagement plays a key role in needs assessment as well as Emergency Tracking
activities such as decommissioning of shelters and Tool and Movement Alerts from DTM and Rapid Needs
reassignment of shelters in displacement sites where Assessments from the Rapid Response Mechanism
SDPI as well as the site maintaince committess are (RRM) and protection monitoring reports by the
also engaged. Communities are engaged in technical protection cluster. Partner progress and response
training exercises with the intention to give guidance capacities are regularly monitored through the stock
on the use of the shelter materials and improved and 5W reports, referrals and feedback through the
construction techniques.` Linha Verde 1458 as well as CCCM Complaints and
Feedback Mechanisms. Regular cluster coordination
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse meetings foster stronger collaboration and identify
areas of improvement
In close coordination with the protection cluster and
PSEA network, shelter cluster partners will receive Partners will also conduct post distribution monitoring
refresher trainings on the prevention of sexual to gugage the satisfaction levels and quality of
exploitation and abuse. Efforts will be made to assistance provided. Joint monitoring visit with the
ensure IEC material related to PSEA and protection INGD and technical departments and results from
are provided at the intervention sites. In coordination community engagement and feedback will be utilized
with the protection cluster, Shelter cluster partners to improve shelter designs and build capacities of the
will raise awareness of affected communities on the affected population to self recover.
existence of referral mechanisms related to protection
risks and needs including GBV, child protection,

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returnees), and, where necessary, extending services to

3.11 Water, Sanitation non-displaced populations.

and Hygiene (WASH) The WASH response will be flexible, adapting

interventions to address the most urgent needs. Rapid-
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED response activities will include distributing critical
hygiene supplies, rapid water provision, and setting up

862K 664K emergency latrines for displaced populations. WASH

partners will coordinate with the shelter cluster and
others to deliver support through the Rapid Response
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) Mechanism (RRM) and the Joint Response Plan (JRP).

17 18 $26.3M
Protection will be prioritized in the WASH strategy,
as 19 per cent of women feel unsafe collecting
Conflict $23.9M
water, 12 per cent lack gender-segregated facilities,
Natural Disaster $2.3M
and 7 per cent report inadequate privacy. Adequate
and dignified menstrual health management (MHM)
remains a challenge, with most women and girls
Cluster severity of needs, number of people in
using traditional cloths , and women’s voices often
need and targeted by district
Cabo
go unheard in WASH decision-making. Partners
Delgado
aim to reduce gender-based violence in WASH by
United Republic of Tanzania Palma providing inclusive, accessible, and gender-responsive
Maputo Nangade 25K services. Hygiene and sanitation efforts will include
71K risk communication and community engagement
97K (RCCE) to actively involve women and girls in decision-
Mueda
Mocimboa
da Praia making, promote shared responsibilities, and prevent
103K Muidumbe disease outbreaks. Messaging and IEC materials will
53K
105K
be gender-responsive, developed in collaboration with
Cabo Delgado Macomia 17K
Ibo
the Humanitarian Gender Working Group, Protection
20K Ibo Cluster, and GBV guidelines.
Meluco
Niassa Montepuez 52K
Quissanga
Collaboration with government and development
Cidade de
44K 41K
Metuge
Pemba
partners will bridge the gap between short-term
Ancuabe
Mecufi humanitarian WASH and long-term infrastructure
6K
Chiúre development. Engaging with national /local agencies
Balama 29K
Nampula
strengthens leadership across response activities,
Namuno
aligning interventions with both immediate needs
Number of people Severity of needs and long-term goals. The cluster will increase its
162K
100K 1 2 3 4 5 engagement with development sector counterparts, in
50K People in need
People targeted particular with the Grupo Água e Saneamento (WASH
2k xx K People targeted
development sector working group). Geographic
Response strategy targeting, guided by priority districts and severity
rankings, will reinforce a humanitarian-development-
In 2025, the WASH Cluster will prioritize lifesaving peace nexus for more sustainable WASH outcomes.
humanitarian interventions to conflict-affected
districts. Focus will be on providing critical WASH WASH preparedness for 350,000 people at risk from
services to newly displaced populations (IDPs and natural disasters and public health emergencies (e.g.,

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

cholera) will include bolstering warehousing capacity needs, coordinating with development partners to
across Mozambique. Critical supplies, including expand services.
hygiene kits (with dignity items), water treatment
chemicals, handwashing stations, and latrine slabs, are Targeting is informed by the WASH input to the
prepositioned in government and partner warehouses. Humanitarian Needs Overview, which considered
Implementing partners are establishing contingency household-level WASH data from the MSNA,
agreements and seeking rapid response funding. acute malnutrition rates, and cholera. Displaced
WASH in Emergencies trainings for provincial and populations (IDPs/returnees) were prioritized due to
district technicians will strengthen local preparedness their heightened vulnerability and limited access to
and response capacity. already strained WASH services. Recognizing that the
presence of displaced populations puts additional
People targeted stress on existing water and sanitation facilities,
non-displaced populations are also targeted to address
Approximately 861,906 individuals in conflict-affected urgent community needs and mitigate potential
areas require lifesaving water, sanitation, and hygiene tensions. Special consideration will be given to PWD
services. WASH will target 664,212 people (77 per by improving the identification of these individuals to
cent) identified as the most vulnerable. Special better implement adapted WASH facilities.
consideration will be given to women (51 per cent),
children (57 per cent), and people with disabilities Intersectional aspects and multiple vulnerabilities
(PWD) (57 per cent). are considered to best address the needs of women
and girls. Many women feel unsafe accessing WASH
Priority districts for WASH include Quissanga, services and rely on unsanitary materials for menstrual
Macomia, Mocímboa da Praia, and Nangade, where hygiene. To address these concerns, WASH will target
many conflict-affected individuals lack access to women with specific interventions: MHM supplies will
the minimum standard for water (15 liters/person/ be included in hygiene kits, latrines will be gender-
day), accessible sanitation, and adequate hygiene segregated, equipped with secure locks, and located
services. In 2024, limited access reduced humanitarian in safe areas. In collaboration with the Education
WASH assistance in these districts, and they are most Cluster, WASH will improve MHM facilities in schools
vulnerable based on intersectoral analyses. Mueda, to address a major barrier to school attendance for
Ibo, Muidumbe, and Meluco are secondary priority adolescent girls.
districts where many conflict-affected individuals
struggle to access basic WASH services. In Palma, WASH will also prepare for 350,000 individuals at risk
Metuge, Mecufi, Chuire, and Ancuabe, WASH will of natural disasters and public health emergencies.
provide limited interventions to address specific

PiN and target breakdown

by population group by sex & age

IDPs Returnees Non-displaced Sex Age Persons with disability

440K 422K 491K 336K 34K 129K

PEOPLE
IN NEED
346K 376K 140K 0

female
200 400

male
600 800 1000 0

children
200 400

adult elderly
600 800 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100

339K 325K 379K 259K 27K 100K

PEOPLE
253K 328K 83K 0

female
100 200 300 400

male
500 600 700 800 0

children
100 200 300

adult elderly
400 500 600 700 800 0 10 20 30 40 50

TARGETED

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 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Response modalities rehabilitation or installation of boreholes or extensions

to small-scale water systems. Emergency communal
The WASH Cluster will employ strategies to effectively sanitation facilities will be set up with gender
carry out the interventions outlined in the response separation and in consultation with the community.
plan, including:
For returnees, WASH partners will conduct needs
• Direct provision of lifesaving WASH assessments to inform humanitarian services,
services and supplies including the distribution of hygiene kits, rehabilitation
or repair of small-scale water points, and support to
• Deployment of rapid response mechanisms
communities to improve sanitation access. Advocacy
(RRM and JRP)
with development partners will aim to ensure
• Engagement with affected communities, longer-term, sustainable improvements to WASH
particularly with women and PWD infrastructure.

• Coordination with the Direcção Nacional de Cost & prioritization of the response
Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (DNAAS)
the overall WASH Cluster financial request is
and provincial and district-level authorities
US$26.2 million. This includes US$24.2 million for
• Collaboration with development sector partners conflict-affected populations and US$1.97 million
for emergency preparedness and anticipatory
When displacements occur, WASH partners will action in the event of natural disasters. These
prioritize lifesaving interventions by delivering estimates also include amounts earmarked for public
essential hygiene supplies and safe water through health emergencies.
Rapid Response Mechanisms (RRM/JRP). Following
a rapid needs assessment, cluster partners aim to A hybrid costing approach was used to determine
activate additional actions, including water trucking, the financial needs for 2025. Eighteen partners,
installation of water bladders, construction of including international and national NGOs, submitted
temporary communal latrines, and critical hygiene projects based on unit-based costing. The WASH
promotion. Second-line responses will focus on the Cluster worked closely with each partner to ensure a
rapid rehabilitation or construction of boreholes and strong focus on "lifesaving" criteria in line with CERF
support to communities for household-level sanitation. standards, targeting appropriate population groups
Coordination with the Health Cluster will focus on (IDPs, returnees, and non-displaced populations)
areas affected by cholera and diarrheal outbreaks. and the three key WASH activities: water provision,
Collaboration with CCCM will improve WASH services sanitation access, and appropriate hygiene.
in camps, coordination with the Education Cluster
A district-level severity scale was developed, based
will strengthen WASH in schools and youth hygiene
on (1) access to essential WASH services, (2) acute
activities, and coordination with the Protection Cluster
malnutrition rates, and (3) cholera risk. This scale is
will ensure WASH services are accessible, reduce
used to identify priority areas and lifesaving activities.
gender-based violence risks, and promote safety at
Under Strategic Objective One, 664,211 people are
water points and sanitation facilities.
targeted for critical “lifesaving” support. At the onset
In accommodation centers, critical hygiene promotion of a critical event, humanitarian funds will be mobilized
will be conducted by community-based volunteers. for short-term critical WASH support.
Hygiene kits (including dignity items) will be distributed
Under Strategic Objective Two, 72,400 people will
or, where feasible, provided through vouchers to
receive “life-sustaining” support as part of an ongoing
support local markets. Immediate access to safe water
project funded partially by HNRP 2024 for the
will be provided via water trucking or, where possible,
through private contractors or the government for the

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

reconstruction of a large water system serving the the WASH Cluster has enhanced its PSEA support
priority districts of Mueda/Nangade. to member organizations. In 2025, the Cluster will
build on the PSEA training delivered to members in
For urgent needs arising in areas with lower severity 2024, ensuring that PSEA remains integral across
ratings, the Cluster will respond through rapid staff trainings, project planning and design, strategic
response mechanisms to address immediate discussions, and monitoring. Each partner organization,
humanitarian needs. with oversight and support from the Cluster, will
continue training staff on PSEA, strengthening internal
Community engagement & accountability to protocols, and refining complaints and response
affected people mechanisms. The WASH Cluster will also facilitate
sector-specific technical support on PSEA to members
All humanitarian response actors, including those
and reinforce coordination with the inter-agency PSEA
in WASH, are accountable to the communities they
Network at both the national and Cabo Delgado levels.
serve. This means engaging all community members—
displaced persons, women, girls, men, boys, and host
communities—in the design, implementation, and
Response monitoring
monitoring of WASH programs. The WASH Cluster closely monitors response progress
through monthly partner updates submitted via the
The WASH Cluster will ensure PSEA aspects are
5W matrix. The Cluster analyzes data, disaggregated
integrated in sector specific needs assessments
by gender, age, and disability, to support the WASH
and will support its inclusion in inter-agency
dashboard, which guides the Cluster and its partners
assessments (e.g. MSNA).
and contributes to overall humanitarian response
monitoring. Updates from national and sub-national
To promote inclusivity and improve program outcomes,
cluster meetings will provide information on the
WASH actors will integrate adapted, accessible, and
context, needs, risks, response activities, and any gaps
safe community feedback mechanisms. Consultations
be it for conflict response or preparedness/response to
with women and girls will help determine the location
natural disasters and/or public health emergencies.
of WASH facilities and the specifications for hygiene
supplies and promptly identify risks or unmet needs.
In Cabo Delgado, monthly WASH coordination
Targeted outreach to individuals with disabilities and
meetings, facilitated by local WASH focal points and
older people will ensure that services and facilities
government representatives from Serviços Provinciais
are inclusive, accessible, and adaptable to meet
de Infra-estruturas (SPI), Direcção Provincial De Obras
their specific needs. Water committees, made up
Públicas (DPOP), and Serviço Distrital de Planeamento
of both women, men, and those with disabilities,
e Infra-estruturas (SDPI), are held in priority districts
will serve as key links to the broader community,
which allows for the tracking progress and increase
advocating for safe sanitation and managing water
coordination.
infrastructure operations.
The Accountability and Quality Approach (AQA)
After distributing non-food items (NFIs), monitoring
initiative, launched in 2024, will continue into 2025.
will assess the suitability of these items, confirm
This global initiative aims to strengthen accountability
understanding of safe use, and address any issues
and quality in humanitarian WASH responses through
with distribution processes to improve future deliveries.
enhanced monitoring tools and strategies. The AQA
tracks quality-oriented indicators, such as water quality,
Prevention of sexual exploitation & abuse
beneficiary satisfaction, protection-related issues,
Being mindful of sector-specific risks highlighted and accessibility for people with disabilities. WASH
in the most recent Mozambique SEA Risk Register indicators specific to schools and health facilities will
and recognizing that gaps between those in need of be monitored in collaboration with the Education and
assistance and those targeted increase SEA risks, Health Clusters.

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• Operational coordination of humanitarian delivery,

3.12 Coordination and through coordination mechanisms adapted to the
context that support the effective and coherent
Common Services (CCS) delivery of humanitarian assistance.

• Joint strategic response planning based on

PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) prioritized needs.

• Advocacy and coordination to ensure that people

3 4 $17.1M in emergencies are protected from harm and have
Conflict $9.6M access to assistance.
Anticipatory Action $7.5M
• Community engagement, protection,
gender, age, and disability sensitivity of the
humanitarian response.
Response strategy
Coordination and Common Services—including People targeted
the work of OCHA, PSEA and DTM will support and The scale of humanitarian needs in conflict-affected
facilitate inter-sectoral prioritization of areas with northern Mozambique and disaster-prone areas in both
the highest concentration of people facing the most northern Mozambique (Tropical Cyclone Chido) and
severe needs, as well as promoting a gender- and central and southern provinces of the country affected
disability-sensitive humanitarian response that adopts by drought require strong strategic and operational
and implements a zero-tolerance approach to sexual coordination of the response to ensure that synergies,
exploitation and abuse. efficiency and cross-sectoral analysis and response
are reaching the most vulnerable people. To ensure an
In 2025, the following Coordination and Common
optimally efficient and effective humanitarian response,
Services activities will be prioritized:
including support to the Humanitarian Country Team
Ensuring safe and accessible channels for reporting (HCT), Area Humanitarian Country Team in Cabo
of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Mozambique; Delgado and InterCluster Coordination Groups in both
Strengthen district coordination and support to local Maputo and Cabo Delgado levels, OCHA will continue
authorities. to play a central role, including through inter-cluster
coordination, information management, preparedness
Coordination of inter- cluster needs assessments, as and contingency planning, resource mobilization
well as ongoing consolidation of secondary data, to and advocacy. The Coordination and Common
identify the most urgent humanitarian needs and Services provided under this Humanitarian Needs and
ensure humanitarian decision making is based on Response Plan will directly benefit the humanitarian
common situational awareness. organizations included in this plan thus will indirectly
supporting the the 1.3 million people targeted for
Collection of timely data on displacement through assistance and protection.
IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). Timely
dissemination of key information to all stakeholders, Cost & prioritization of the response
including to affected communities and in
Approximately $9.6 million is required to support
local languages.
coordination and common services in 2025, with the
• Regular needs, response and gaps analysis, following three priorities:
including through information products such as
the monthly Humanitarian Dashboard and 5W.

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 mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

• Protection against sexual exploitation and Protection against sexual exploitation & abuse
abuse - $438K
Protection against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
• Strategic and operational coordination of the (PSEA) is a core priority of the 2025 Humanitarian
response - $4.7M Needs and Response Plan for Mozambique. Under the
leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator and with
• Displacement Tracking Monitoring- $4.5M the technical support of the PSEA Network, OCHA,
in support of the Humanitarian Country Team, has
An additional $7.5M will cover Anticipatory action.
ensured that PSEA is incorporated throughout all
Community engagement & accountability to stages of the planning process. A PSEA coordinator
affected people will be based in Maputo under the leadership of the
Resident Coordinator’s Office. Recognizing that PSEA
Beyond the cluster-specific measures planned to needs to be implemented rapidly and effectively, the
enhance community engagement and accountability 2025 HNRP includes a dedicated inter-agency PSEA
to affected people, OCHA will promote a joined-up and project to ensure that resources are available for
system-wide approach to this issue, including through collective PSEA initiatives, which is included under this
ensuring that feedback from affected communities is Coordination and Common Services segment of the
regularly raised and addressed in both strategic and HNRP. This builds on the work of Mozambique’s PSEA
operational coordination forums. Network, as well as the roll-out of sexual exploitation
and abuse reporting standard operating procedures.

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

2024-2025. With the aim to fill the gap among the

3.13 Logistics Government and the Humanitarian community, the
National Logistics Cluster (former National Logistics
Working Group) has been facilitating the surface (road
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
and costal) transport of their relief items, from Pemba
to the affected districts in Cabo Delgado and Nampula.
The provision of such service has contributed for
1 2 $8.1M the implementation of Humanitarian response
Conflict $7.6M programs and respective cargo preposition activities.
Natural disaster $0.5M
Furthermore, in preparation for the 2024-2025 raining
season the National Logistics Cluster expects to
support the Humanitarian Community with transport
for preposition of their relief items from sourcing
Summary of needs
provinces to Cabo Delgado or another strategic
Many of the areas where humanitarian needs are disaster-prone province. These surface services will
most acute, face the biggest access challenges due continue as necessary in 2024-2025.
to volatility wrought by armed attacks, infrastructure
damage from cyclones and flooding and lack of Response strategy
maintenance of the latter. Consequently, access to
The Northern provinces of Mozambique continue to
transportation becomes unattainable, limited or costly.
be confronted with insecurity leading to continued
The project will combine different modes of transport
displacements of men, women, and children. Logistical
to reach the areas where the vulnerable populations
access within Cabo Delgado, the epicenter of the
are. Cargo consolidation possibilities will be offered
insecurity is expected to remain a challenge. The
to allow cost efficiency. Further humanitarian partners
advent of the rainy & drought season will exacerbate
already face challenges to find appropriate storage
the tenuous situation in some of the more remote
areas for critical relief items in Cabo Delgado’s capital
locations. Logistical support also requires to be
Pemba as well nearer to beneficiaries. The project
expended to other provinces of displacement
will establish common spaces, where possible,
including Niassa and Nampula provinces in northern
which will be shared by the humanitarian actors to
Mozambique to where of the displacement has taken
ensure safe and cost-effective storage of relief items
place. Since 2017, an armed conflict in Cabo Delgado
before transport and distribution. To allow efficient
province in northern Mozambique has continued
information share, a coordination platform will
to escalate, affecting more than 1.3 million people
continue to be maintained in 2024 at national and
including over 1.042 million displaced people. 950,000
locally in Cabo Delgado. This will address blockages,
people are facing high levels of food insecurity in
solutions and gaps in the logistics sector affecting
the northern provinces of Cabo Delgado, Niassa,
response. Air passenger and light cargo transport
Nampula and Zambezia. The conflict exacerbates
is vital to reach the beneficiaries for humanitarian
and compounds existent vulnerabilities experienced
support. To this end, launched in December 2020,
in Cabo Delgado province, which despite having
UNHAS operations have been running for almost
significant economic potential in terms of natural
four years and has since been accompanying the
resources (including ruby reserves, graphite, gas and
opening of humanitarian space in Cabo Delgado. So
oil) and tourism, is the poorest province in terms
far key destinations are Ibo, Mueda, Palma, Afungi
of multidimensional poverty. Other vulnerabilities
Mocimboa da Praia and Macomia. Based on demand
including socio economic impacts of climatic shocks
and depending on the opening of the humanitarian
have been reported to affect over 1, 414 persons who
space, UNHAS aims to fly to nearby provinces such as
are currently food insecure and in need of other basic
Niassa, Zambezia and Nampula as next destinations,
needs. The humanitarian and development actors are
these air services will continue as necessary in

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mozambique - HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN

fully engaged in responding to support the displaced logistics related support. In light of the prevailing
men, women and children in Cabo Delgado, Nampula insecurity in Cabo Delgado province, Nampula and
and Niassa Provinces. One of the main challenges Niassa provinces have also become hosts of the
to ensure success of this support is assured and internally displaced persons and therefore partners
sustained access from undeveloped tertiary road working in these provinces will benefit from sustained
networks, insecurity, adequate transport service assistance where necessary. Due to the nature of the
providers for sea transport and the potential for further project, as a service provider to partners as 3rd tier
infrastructure deterioration during the rainy season. beneficiaries, the disaggregation of the baseline data
Common services under the logistics cluster would by gender and age is not applicable. However, data
aim to address the above challenges by offering a will be collected, especially for the use of air services
platform for logistical solutions in warehousing, costal for gender. Contracted commercial companies will
and surface transport. Additionally access via air be considered for gender aspects with female owned
under the WFP mandated air services (UNHAS) to the companies encouraged to participate in tenders.
humanitarian community for both passenger and cargo Cost of response Logistics cluster will prioritize
air transport will be implemented. the procurement of transport and warehousing for
humanitarian relief items on behalf of the humanitarian
Targeting & prioritization and development partners. This will include
multi-modal transport selection to provide a more
Logistics sector will be supporting the third (3rd)
comprehensive solution. Additionally, the passenger
tier beneficiaries; these include the Government and
and cargo service air transport will continue to be
the Humanitarian organizations responding to the
offered accordingly and costs are based on monthly
crisis in the northern region of Mozambique. The
consumption trends established so far.
logistics sector will target about 40 organizations
both humanitarian, development as well as diplomatic
missions and government departments requiring

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Part 4:
Refugee needs and
response plan
ERATI DISTRICT/ NAMPULA PROVINCE
AWFP staff working on the 7-day rations distribution to internally
displaced people
Photo: WFP/Vasco Buanausse

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of solid waste management, risking the health of

4.1 Refugee response residents. Food needs also remain critical.

plan Specific risks are faced by refugees living in areas

vulnerable to climate shocks leading to multiple
protection risks including destruction of shelter,
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED livelihoods, documentation, GBV, including sexual
exploitation and abuse, and family separation. Enhance

25K 25K the quality of any shelters and infrastructures that

will be constructed in 2025 to mitigate the impact
of extreme weather and strengthening disaster risk
PARTNERS PROJECTS REQUIREMENTS (US$) preparedness remains important.

Given the protracted nature of the refugee situation,

3 5 $18.3M durable solutions, including local integration, voluntary
repatriation, and resettlement, remain paramount.

Response strategy
Summary of needs
UNHCR’s Government counterpart, the Instituto
Women, girls and persons with disabilities to access Nacional para el Apoio aos Refugiados, under the
eMozambique hosts approximately 25,000 refugees Ministry of Interior, is the lead authority on refugees in
and asylum seekers, who originate primarily from the country, together with relevant line Ministries, and
the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, works together with national and international partners
Rwanda and Somalia. Around a third of the refugee to respond to the needs of this population.
and asylum-seeker population reside in Maratane
Refugee Settlement in Nampula Province. Despite In 2025, the response to the protracted refugee
Mozambique’s formal reservations to key provisions situation in Maratane refugee settlement and urban
of the 1951 Refugee Convention including related areas in Mozambique will continue with the overall
to education, property, work permits, right to objectives of strengthening the protection environment
association, freedom of movement, residence and and enjoyment of rights by refugees and asylum
naturalization laws, refugees and asylum seekers seekers; supporting and advocating for their equitable
have de facto access to identification documents, inclusion to national systems and services; ensuring
birth registration, work, health, education, and justice their meaningful engagement in decision making
systems. Nevertheless, in each of these areas some that affects their lives; supporting access to durable
challenges remain in terms of access associated solutions, including voluntary repatriation, resettlement,
with services, and gaps in quality of services. Certain local integration, and complementary pathways;
groups, such as women and girls face an increased and providing life-saving humanitarian assistance
risk of gender-based violence (GBV) including sexual where needed.
violence, forced and child marriages, intimate partner
violence, economic and psychological violence, and The response strategy will also include advocacy for
sale and exchange of sex - often stemming from socio- the strengthening of the legal and policy framework,
economic vulnerabilities. Opportunities for livelihoods the national asylum system in a mixed movement
remain a challenge due to constraints in accessing context, and access to rights and services for both
land and employment, particularly for women, persons refugees and asylum seekers. the national asylum
with disabilities and young people. Maratane refugee system. The strategy is built on the premise of
settlement does not benefit from any formal system ongoing close and fruitful coordination with the

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Government of Mozambique and key partners disabilities, survivors of violence, persons with serious
to reinforce solutions for refugees and asylum medical conditions, unaccompanied and separated
seekers including through enhanced support for children, as well as older persons and women and
voluntary repatriation and the development and children at risk. Finally, some services will only target
implementation of a local integration strategy guided refugees and asylum seekers living in Maratane based
by the Government of Mozambique’s commitment at on the specific needs existing in this context.
the 2023 Global Refugee Forum, which solidified the
Government’s longstanding commitment towards Cost & prioritization of the response
refugees and asylum seekers in Mozambique. This
For 2025, the refugee programme requires US
strategy also includes the spatial integration of
$18.3 million for comprehensive multisectoral
Maratane into its locality and transitioning it into an
and countrywide activities that contribute to the
integrated climate resilient green village.
strengthening of the protection environment, lifesaving
assistance and durable solutions. Based on an
People targeted
extensive prioritization exercise, UNHCR will ensure
In 2025, the refugee response will target 25,000 that protection and lifesaving assistance reaches
refugees and asylum seekers as all the population is individuals who need it the most. The interventions
targeted for services as registration and access to will primarily target refugees and asylum seekers
documentation. The overall population is comprised living in Maratane Refugee Settlement as well as host
of 61 per cent men, 39 per cent women, 26.4 per cent community members from the surrounding areas
children, 71.4 per cent adults, and 2.1 per cent older who also benefit from the services provided in the
people. In addition, a special focus will be placed on settlement, in addition to refugees and asylum seekers
people with specific needs – including persons with in other locations.
legal and physical protection needs, persons with

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Get the latest updates

How to Contribute
OCHA coordinates humanitarian action
Contribute towards Mozambique Humanitarian Response Plan to ensure crisis-affected people receive
the assistance and protection they
Donors can contribute directly to aid organizations participating need. It works to overcome obstacles
in the international humanitarian coordination mechanisms in that impede humanitarian assistance
Mozambique, as identified in this Humanitarian Response Plan. from reaching people affected by crises,
and provides leadership in mobilizing
Contribute through the Central Emergency Response Fund
assistance and resources on behalf of the
CERF is a fast and effective way to support rapid humanitarian humanitarian system.
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humanitarian action at the onset of emergencies and for crises www.unocha.org/mozambique
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comprehensive overview of the humanitarian
landscape. It provides the latest verified
This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the information on needs and delivery of the
Humanitarian Country Team and partners. The Humanitarian humanitarian response as well as financial
Response Plan is a presentation of the coordinated, strategic contributions.
humanitarianaction.info
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The designations employed and the presentation of material in humanitarian emergency is available to
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authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers
or boundaries.

The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the

primary provider of continuously updated
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thus contributing to effective, efficient and
principled humanitarian assistance.
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