Communication Fundamentals Notes
Module 1: Introduction to Communication
1. What is Communication?
Definition:
Communication is the process of exchanging information, thoughts, or ideas between individuals or
groups.
Why is communication important?
Helps express thoughts, emotions, and ideas effectively.
Builds relationships and enhances teamwork.
Improves problem-solving and decision-making.
Essential for career success and personal development.
Example:
A doctor explaining a diagnosis to a patient uses clear and simple language to ensure understanding.
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2. Elements of Communication
1. Sender – The person who creates and sends the message.
Example: A teacher explaining a topic.
2. Message – The information being communicated.
Example: A lecture or a text message.
3. Channel – The medium used to send the message.
Example: Email, face-to-face conversation, phone call.
4. Receiver – The person receiving and interpreting the message.
Example: A student listening to a lecture.
5. Feedback – The response from the receiver to confirm understanding.
Example: A student nodding or asking questions in class.
6. Noise – Anything that disrupts the communication process.
Example: Loud background noise in a video call.
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3. The Communication Process
The steps involved in communication:
1. Idea Formation – The sender thinks of a message.
2. Encoding – The sender converts thoughts into words or symbols.
3. Transmission – The message is sent via a chosen channel.
4. Reception – The receiver gets the message.
5. Decoding – The receiver interprets the message.
6. Feedback – The receiver responds to confirm understanding.
Example:
A manager emails employees about a new company policy. Employees read and reply with questions,
ensuring clarity.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION DIAGRAM
4. Barriers to Effective Communication
1. Physical Barriers – Poor internet connection, noise, distance.
Example: A video call lagging due to a weak network.
2. Psychological Barriers – Stress, emotions, anxiety.
Example: A nervous speaker forgetting important points.
3. Linguistic Barriers – Jargon, accents, complex words.
Example: A doctor using medical terms that a patient doesn’t understand.
4. Cultural Barriers – Differences in values, customs, and language.
Example: In some cultures, making direct eye contact is respectful, while in others, it is rude.
BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION DIAGRAM
Module 2: Types of Communication
1. Verbal Communication
Oral communication: Face-to-face conversations, phone calls, speeches.
Written communication: Emails, reports, letters, social media posts.
Example: A lawyer presenting a case in court (oral), a company sending a newsletter to customers
(written).
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2. Non-Verbal Communication
Includes gestures, body language, tone, and facial expressions.
Examples:
Smiling to show friendliness.
Crossing arms as a sign of defensiveness.
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3. Visual Communication
Uses images, charts, and infographics to convey messages.
Example: A company using an infographic to explain a product’s benefits.
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4. Digital Communication
Includes emails, social media, virtual meetings, and messaging apps.
Example: A business using LinkedIn to network with professionals.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DIAGRAM
Module 3: Effective Communication Skills
1. Active Listening and Feedback
Definition: Actively focusing on the speaker and responding appropriately.
Techniques:
Paraphrasing: “So what you’re saying is…”
Clarifying: “Can you explain further?”
Eye contact: Showing attentiveness.
Example: A student repeating key points in a discussion to show understanding.
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2. Clarity and Conciseness
Definition: Keeping communication simple and to the point.
Example: Instead of saying, "At this moment in time, we are considering launching a new product," say,
"We are considering launching a new product."
Module 4: Business and Professional Communication
1. Workplace Communication
Includes professional emails, business meetings, and teamwork.
Example: An employee writing a formal email to request a leave of absence.
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2. Business Emails and Reports
Professional emails should include:
A clear subject line.
A formal greeting.
Concise and polite wording.
Example:
Subject: Meeting Request – Project Update
Dear [Name],
I hope you are doing well. Can we schedule a meeting to discuss the project updates? Please let me
know your availability.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
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Module 5: Interpersonal and Group Communication
1. Conflict Resolution
Techniques:
Active listening.
Finding common ground.
Staying calm and professional.
Example: A manager resolving a disagreement between two employees by facilitating open discussion.
Module 6: Media and Mass Communication
1. The Role of Mass Media
Mass media informs, educates, and entertains the public.
Example: News channels providing daily updates on current events.
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2. Ethical and Responsible Communication
Avoiding misinformation and fake news.
Fact-checking sources before sharing.
Example: A journalist verifying information before publishing an article.
Module 7: Public Speaking and Presentation Skills
1. Overcoming Public Speaking Anxiety
Techniques:
Deep breathing before speaking.
Practicing in front of a mirror.
Example: A student rehearsing their speech multiple times to gain confidence.
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2. Engaging an Audience
Using storytelling to make a speech relatable.
Asking questions to keep the audience involved.
Using visual aids to support key points.
Example: A TED Talk speaker using humor and real-life examples to engage listeners.
Key Takeaways from This Course
✅Effective communication helps in both personal and professional settings.
✅Barriers like noise, culture, and language can affect understanding.
✅Active listening, clarity, and confidence are key skills.
✅Digital and business communication require professionalism.
✅Public speaking can be mastered with practice.
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