Practical Research 1 Cruz 183, Cruz et.al.
150-158
Week 6 Acosta, Hizon, Lopez 235-240
Ethical Standards in Writing Related Literature Class No. Velarde 4:389-403) for periodicals
Illustrated on the table are their distinction:
Name: _____________________________ Section: __________________ APA MLA
What is Ethical Writing? A study by Manalo (2015) reveals… A study by (Manalo 70)
A review of related literature involves the systematic identification, location and The latest work by Lee (2015) The latest work by (Lee 123)
analysis of material related to your research problem. Hence, in this task borrowing asserts…
information from various sources is not only an option – it is a necessity. But you as a According to Abad et al. (2015), According to (Abad et al. 54)
researcher walks the fine line between the proper documentation/attribution of sources and context is…
plagiarism.
Plagiarism is the act of passing off one’s own ideas or writings of another. There Patterns of Citation
are two types of plagiarism: 1. Paraphrasing - it is the restatement of a text, passage, or work giving
1. Blatant Plagiarism – is an act in which the writer tries to deceive the readers the meaning in another form.
claims– into believing the writer is totally responsible for or originator of the 2. Summary – it is the process of summarizing a text or paragraph to its
content. main points succinctly.
2. Technical plagiarism – occurs when the writer is not trying to change or deceive 3. Short direct quotation – only a part of the author’s sentence, the
but fails to follow accepted methods of using and revealing sources. whole sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words; must
Forms of Plagiarism give exact page where the readers can find the copied words.
1. turning in someone else’s work as your own. 4. Long direction quotation – copying the author’s exact words
2. copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit numbering from 40 up to 100 words. Under APA, the limit is eight
3. failing to put a quotation in quotation marks lines. Placed at the center of the page with no indentation, the copied
4. giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation lines look they compose a stanza of a poem.
5. changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving Use of active verbs for reporting – Present ideas in any of these tenses: present,
credit simple past, or present perfect tense. Be consistent with the tense. The APA style
6. copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of prefers the use of present perfect tense.
work, whether you give credit or not Avoid plagiarism – The right way to avoid plagiarism is to express the borrowed
Source: Plagiarism.org ideas in your own words (Ransome, 2013)
In consideration to the ethical standards inwriting related literature, there are three Activity 1: Please continue with your previous activity (Writing Related Review of
terms used to express appreciation or recognition. Literature). Assess your RRL based on the following questions. Check the appropriate
1. Acknowledgment – the beginning of the work that identifies individuals who have column and make remarks.
contributed something on the production of the paper. Questions Yes No Remarks
2. References of Bibliography – a complete list of all reading materials, including Have you checked that you have not used
books, journal, periodicals, etc. form where the borrowed ideas come from. somebody’s words without appropriate quotation
3. Citation or In-text referencing – references within the main body of the text, marks or stated the ideas of others as if they
specifically in the review of the related literature. were your own thereby constituting plagiarism?
Purpose of Citation: Are all authors who make the same point
a. To establish the validity of findings and facts included in the report. combined in a citation?
Are all citations included in the reference list?
b. To give proper credit to the creator of the information
Have all citations included been eliminated from
c. To help readers, find or contact the sources of the ideas easily
your reference list?
d. To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work
Are the majority of your references published in
e. To save yourself from plagiarism the past 5 years?
Methods of Citation: Have you acknowledged all the authors helped
a. American Psychological Association (APA) 6th edition you in writing your study?
(Ayala, 2015) or Ayala (2016)
(Jaballa, 2015) or Jaballa (2016)
b. Modern Language Association (MLA) 8th edition
