Sungging Broken home: Visualization of

Jurnal Seni Rupa, Kriya,

Desain dan Pembelajarannya
adolescent life experiences through
surrealism illustrations
Vol. 3, No. 2
pp. 192-202
Yosua Laharoy Hensyen Benu*, Rony Siswo Setiaji
https://journal.uny.ac.id/in Art Education Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, No. 1
dex.php/sungging/article/vi Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
ew/78499
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

https://doi.org/10.21831/su
ngging.v3i2.78499

ABSTRACT
This study aims to (1) determine the impact of a broken home as an object of surrealist illustration creation;
(2) determine the creative process of Wadino Artists as an inspiration for surrealist illustration works; (3)
compile the concept of creating illustration works based on the impact of a broken home and Wadino's
creative process; and (4) describe the visualisation of the concept of surrealist illustration works. This study
uses the art-based research method with the object of the impact of the broken home and the inspiration for
Wadino's creative process. The subjects of the study were adolescent victims of broken homes aged 17-21
years and Wadino Artists. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, film studies, and literature
studies and documented through reflective notes. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and
qualitatively, with the validity of the data checked through the triangulation of data resources and theories.
The results of the study show that (1) the impact of a broken home, such as conflict, trauma, shame,
depression, and hatred, inspires surrealist illustrations; (2) Wadino's creative process explores ideas,
concepts, media, and visual forms of surrealism; (3) the concept of the work visualises the impact of broken
home in a surrealist style; and (4) the process of creating the work involves developing ideas based on the
impact of broken homes and Wadino's inspiration, using pencil media with a surrealist style. The resulting
illustration works number four: "Apathy," "Alone in the Crowd," "Confused in Gray," and "Burning in Anger."

Keywords: Broken Home, illustration, Creative Processes, wadino Artist, Surrealism

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui dampak broken home sebagai objek penciptaan ilustrasi surealisme; (2)
Mengetahui proses kreatif Seniman Wadino sebagai inspirasi karya ilustrasi surealisme; (3) Menyusun konsep
penciptaan karya ilustrasi berdasarkan dampak broken home dan proses kreatif Wadino; dan (4) Mendeskripsikan
visualisasi konsep karya ilustrasi surealisme.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Art Based Research dengan objek
dampak broken home dan inspirasi proses kreatif Wadino. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja korban broken home usia
17-21 tahun dan Seniman Wadino. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, angket, kajian film, studi literatur, dan
didokumentasikan melalui catatan reflektif. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, dengan keabsahan data
diperiksa melalui triangulasi sumber data dan teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dampak broken home,
seperti pertikaian, trauma, rasa malu, depresi, dan kebencian, menjadi inspirasi ilustrasi surealisme; (2) Proses kreatif
Wadino mengeksplorasi ide, konsep, media, dan bentuk visual surealisme; (3) Konsep karya memvisualisasikan dampak
broken home dalam gaya surealisme; dan (4) Proses penciptaan karya melibatkan pengembangan ide berdasarkan
dampak broken home dan inspirasi Wadino, menggunakan media pensil dengan gaya surealisme. Karya ilustrasi yang
dihasilkan berjumlah empat: “Apati,” “Sendiri dalam Keramaian,” “Kalut dalam Kelabu,” dan “Terbakar Amarah."
Kata Kunci: Broken Home, Ilustrasi, Proses kreatif, Seniman Wadino, surealisme

Article History:
Sent: Accepted: Published:
October 2024 December 2024 December 2024

Citation:
Hensyen Benu, Y. L., and Setiaji, R. S., (2024). Broken home: Visualization of adolescent life experiences through
surrealism illustrations. Sungging: Jurnal Seni Rupa, Kriya, Desain dan Pembelajarannya 3(2): 192-202.

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Vol. 3, No. 2

INTRODUCTION

The family is the most minor social structure within society, consisting of a group of
individuals living together in one household, bound by blood ties or marriage. Children receive
their first education through the family, which is considered the smallest social unit in society and
typically comprises a husband, wife, and children (Satya Yoga et al., 2015). The family
environment plays a fundamental role in the development of children, providing protection,
affection, and the first opportunity to interact with others. It serves as a source of life’s tranquillity
and an essential "home base." Families function as centres of education, culture, and religion,
fostering harmonious and loving relationships among members. Every family member has the
right to experience happiness, peace, and comfort within the family. The family’s role is significant
in shaping children’s personalities, which aids them in adapting both to the present and the future
(Samsudin, 2019).
However, family relationships in the current era are increasingly concerning, as evidenced
by rising divorce rates. According to data from Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS),
the factors contributing to divorce include infidelity, domestic violence, polygamy, unstable
finances, forced marriages, and others (Putri, 2022). BPS data reveals a significant increase in
divorce cases, with the divorce rate reaching 6.4% in 2020 out of 72.9 million households
(Budiman, 2022). The impact of divorce on family members, especially children, has become a
serious concern.
Divorce is often regarded as an indication that a marital relationship is no longer based on
love and affection, causing the foundations of marriage to deteriorate. Divorce ends family
relationships and is often not the best solution (Cholid, 2021). In this context, the term "broken
home" refers to a fractured family condition in which parental attention and affection are lost due
to divorce or other factors, leaving children to live with only one parent (Wilis in Wulandri &
Fauziah, 2019). A broken home can occur for two reasons: first, a family structure that is
incomplete due to the death of a family member or divorce, and second, families that remain
together but lack harmony because parents are often absent or fail to show affection.
The impact of a broken home on children, particularly adolescents, is profound.
Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, marked by rapid hormonal,
psychological, physical, and social changes, which are often unrecognised (Anarta et al., 2024).
Adolescents undergo noticeable physical changes, behavioural shifts, and socialisation challenges,
complicating relationships with parents if not handled appropriately (Batubara, 2016).
Adolescence is divided into three phases: pre-adolescence (ages 11–14), early adolescence (ages
14–17), and late adolescence (ages 17–21). Adolescents from broken homes often exhibit
delinquent behaviour, depression, involvement in active sexual relationships, and drug use.
Disrupted family conditions are a determining factor in unhealthy adolescent personality
development. Adolescence is a critical period for shaping the future, as decisions made during this
phase influence life’s challenges ahead. Poorly addressed challenges increase the likelihood of
depression (Cipta, 2017). Broken homes lead to psychological impacts such as emotional
instability, social withdrawal, and deviant behaviour, which hinder children from forming
friendships and choosing companions (Ariyanto, 2023). Additional impacts include academic,
behavioural, sexual, spiritual, and psychological issues such as broken hearts, broken relationships,
and broken values (Mistiani, 2018).
To raise awareness of the importance of family and the impacts of broken homes, an
illustrative work was created as an educational medium. Illustration, as an art form, visually
conveys meaning, reflecting a narrative or becoming the text itself (Susanto in Ikrar et al., 2018).
Illustrations serve an educational function, conveying messages intended to foster awareness and
responsibility (Salam in Ikrar et al., 2018). In creating the illustrative work on broken homes, the
artist employed the surrealist art style. Surrealism combines real objects in impossible conditions
or scenarios, emphasising the boundless creativity and imagination of humans beyond rational
reality (Halimun, 2023). Surrealist works often depict strange and unusual elements, influencing
various artistic fields, including literature, film, painting, graphic design, and more (Wahyudi &
Tiwow, 2011).

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 Based on this background, the artist was inspired to create surrealist illustrations themed
"Broken Home" to visualise the conditions of broken families and their impacts. The artist’s
personal experience of living in a fractured home provided profound insights into the emotional
and psychological complexities faced by children in such situations. This experience became a
powerful source of inspiration for portraying the feelings of loneliness, loss, and confusion often
experienced by those living in broken families. Through this artwork, the artist aims to deliver an
authentic and emotional message, inviting empathy and a broader understanding of this issue from
the audience.

METHOD

The study, titled "Visualization of the Impact of Broken Homes on Late Adolescents
Through Surrealism Illustrations," employs the Art-Based Research method (Art Creation as
Research). This method integrates research with the process of creating visual art, with the final
output focusing on the creation of artistic works.
The research involves several subjects: late adolescents aged 17–21 years from SMKN 5
Yogyakarta (Class XI DKV A) who have experienced broken homes, artist Wadino as a source of
inspiration, and the researcher as the artist. The objects of the research include the impact of broken
homes, the creative process of artist Wadino, the conceptualisation of the artwork, and the
visualisation of surrealist illustrations inspired by the broken home theme.
The research data consists of information gathered regarding artist Wadino's creative process
and data on broken homes and their impact. These data include interview transcripts, observations,
drawings, photographs, questionnaires, documents, journals, books, and articles. Additionally,
data related to the creation of surrealist illustrations encompasses the impact of broken homes,
artistic concepts, creative processes, and the resulting artworks created using pencil media.
The data collection techniques employed in this research include interviews conducted from
April 25–30, 2024, at SMKN 5 Yogyakarta and the Student Center at UNY with four students and
one college student, as well as with artist Wadino at his residence from June 4–6, 2024. These
interviews aimed to gather factual data on the impact and conditions of children from broken
homes to create narratives for surrealist illustrations. Data were also collected through Google
Form questionnaires distributed via WhatsApp from April 25–30, 2024, to late adolescents from
broken homes aged 17–21 years, with responses from 10 individuals from various schools and
universities.
The study incorporated an analysis of Indonesian films such as Yang Tak Tergantikan (2021),
Ali dan Ratu-Ratu Queens (2021), and Noktah Merah Perkawinan (2022), as well as the animated
video Gue Punya Cerita Broken Home (2020) and the song Diary Depresiku (2007) by Virgoun to
understand the impacts of broken homes. Literature reviews of books, e-books, journals, and
articles on illustration, surrealism, and the effects of broken homes were conducted to inform the
creation of the illustrations. Exploration activities were carried out to refine artistic techniques and
composition. At the same time, experimentation included the creation and selection of sketches
and artistic techniques to realise the surrealist illustrations inspired by broken homes.
The data analysis employed Miles and Huberman’s model of qualitative data analysis.
According to Miles and Huberman, qualitative data analysis is conducted interactively and
continuously until completion (Baba, 2017). Their model includes three components: data
condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification (Zulfirman, 2022).
This research utilised source triangulation and theoretical triangulation to ensure data
validity. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, literature reviews,
and film analyses and then validated to ensure accuracy. This combination of techniques was
applied during field activities, enabling comprehensive data recording and producing data that met
the standards for effective conclusion drawing.
Source triangulation in this study involved film analysis, interviews, and literature reviews.
Films with broken home themes were analysed to gather data, and interviews with individuals
affected by broken homes were conducted, both directly and via questionnaires, to develop
narratives. Meanwhile, theoretical triangulation compared the research findings with related

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Vol. 3, No. 2

theories, such as those on broken homes, their impacts, illustration, surrealism, and creative
processes, to minimise researcher bias in the resulting findings (Mamik, 2015, p. 111).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. The Impact of Broken Homes on Children as the Subject of Surrealist Illustration Creation
a. The Impact of Broken Homes on Children Based on Literature Review
A harmonious family is the hope of all individuals. However, children experiencing broken
homes endure the consequences of parental separation. Children from broken homes often lose
confidence and face mental pressure. A lack of love and attention from parents may result in
feelings of inadequacy and sadness. According to Simanjuntak and Latuhihin (2023), the effects
of divorce include denial, shame, guilt, fear, despair, and anger. Additionally, Mistiani (2018)
notes other psychological impacts, such as difficulty socialising, weakened faith, lack of affection,
mental disorders, resentment towards parents, and rebellious behaviour. Children from broken
homes may also experience heightened anxiety and a sense of purposelessness. On the positive
side, they may become more independent, resilient, and mature, with a motivation to improve
their lives in the future (Sigiro et al., 2022).
b. The Impact of Broken Homes Based on Interviews and Questionnaires
Interviews and questionnaires reveal that the impacts of broken homes on late adolescents
include indifference towards teachers, disrespectful behaviour, attention-seeking, lack of
enthusiasm, laziness, poor academic performance, channelling emotions into negative or positive
activities, varying levels of closeness to God, truancy, withdrawal, sadness, depression, shame
about their situation, resentment towards parents, maturity in thinking, fear of relationships, and
improved life perspectives.
c. The Impact of Broken Homes Based on Film, Video, and Song Analysis
The effects of broken homes are also reflected in films, videos, and songs. In the movie Ali
& Ratu-ratu Queens (2021), the character Ali feels sadness and loss due to his mother’s absence. The
film Yang Tak Tergantikan highlights Bayu's emotional struggles following his parent's divorce,
which led to drug use. The film Noktah Merah Perkawinan (2022) depicts emotional instability and
behavioural issues in children caused by family conflicts. The YouTube video Gue Punya Cerita
Broken Home discusses the impacts of broken homes, including sadness, harmful coping
mechanisms, and envy. The song Diary Depresiku by Last Child describes the effects of divorce on
children, such as depression, self-harm, and alcohol abuse.

2. The Creative Process of Artist Wadino as Inspiration for Surrealist Illustration Creation.
Artist Wadino's creative process aligns with Wallas's theory, which comprises four stages:
preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. Wadino was chosen as the research's
inspiration due to his unique, imaginative, and often absurd works, which depict impossible
scenarios as metaphors for protest, critique, or personal expression.
1) Preparation Stage
Wadino draws inspiration from incredibly unsettling phenomena he sees, feels, or hears.
He employs metaphorical objects, such as combinations of humans, animals, and objects, to
convey ideas. For instance, in his "Corruption" series, rats symbolise corruption. Influential
artists for Wadino include Agung Kurniawan, Agus Suwage, and Diego Rivera.
2) Incubation Stage
During breaks, Wadino creates multiple sketches to preserve ideas. As a structured artist,
he meticulously plans his works. His sketches, often numbering six to eight, are frequently
developed into series such as his "Corruption" or "Dog" series, which have been exhibited
nationally and internationally.
3) Illumination Stage
Wadino combines sketches and real-life objects like animals and plants to create cohesive
works. His characters range from realistic to absurd figures, sometimes incorporating self-

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 portraits to reflect specific situations, such as portraying himself as a corruptor in works themed
around corruption.
4) Verification Stage
After completing sketches, Wadino transfers them to the canvas using pencils and applies
colours. He continuously experiments with media until achieving results that align with his
concepts. A painting is considered complete when no further responses are required, although
adjustments and additions often occur during the process.

3. The Concept of Surrealist Illustration Inspired by Broken Homes and Wadino's Creative
Process
The conceptualisation of surrealist illustration was developed through observation and
interviews with artist Wadino. The research utilised Wadino's creative process, following the four
stages outlined in Wallas's theory: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
In the preparation stage, information was gathered from various media, including
observations, interviews, literature reviews, visual and audio materials, and social phenomena like
broken homes and their impact on children. Sources included books, journals, articles, and direct
or survey-based interviews with adolescents aged 17–21 years from broken homes. Additional
references included films like Yang Tak Tergantikan and Noktah Merah Perkawinan, as well as songs
like Diary Depresiku by Last Child. Visual references were collected from Pinterest and self-portrait
photographs. This stage mirrors Wadino's approach, which often draws inspiration from unsettling
social phenomena, translating them into works with visual metaphors.
The incubation stage involved further processing of ideas. Activities such as exercising,
playing musical instruments, and creating portfolios helped refine ideas, mirroring Wadino's habit
of taking breaks or sketching during non-productive periods.
The illumination stage involved transforming ideas into sketches. Twelve manual sketches
on A4 paper were created, with three alternative sketches for each theme. These sketches utilised
basic shapes and supporting objects to convey metaphorical messages. References were drawn
from the internet, domestic and international artists, and self-portraits, similar to Wadino's method
of integrating diverse sources to enhance concepts.
The primary concept was to visualise the impact of broken homes on late adolescents (aged
17–21 years) through surrealism, chosen for its ability to reveal hidden inner realities. This style
allows for the symbolic and imaginative expression of deep emotions, enabling audiences to
empathise with the complex feelings of adolescents affected by broken homes.
Sketches:
• "Apathy” portrays the trauma of children witnessing parental conflict.
• "Alone in a Crowd” illustrates feelings of shame, loneliness, and withdrawal from social
settings.
• "Chaos in Gray” represents depression, disappointment, and helplessness as a victim of a
broken home.
• "Burning with Anger” reflects resentment and disappointment towards parents blamed for the
broken home.
These four sketches symbolise the emotional complexity of adolescents from broken homes
symbolically and artistically.
.
4. Visualization of the Concept of Surrealist Illustration Inspired by Broken Homes
The verification stage comprised the realisation of the artwork, where ideas and concepts
were translated into surrealist illustrations using prepared tools and materials. The visualisation
process began with sketching on A2 paper, followed by toning with graphite powder, initial
shading, advanced shading, and final finishing. The works were then framed.
The final output consisted of four surrealist illustrations: "Apathy,” "Alone in a Crowd,”
"Chaos in Gray,” and "Burning with Anger.”

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Vol. 3, No. 2

Picture 1. Illustration Work 1 "Apathy"

Source: Author’s Documentation

Table 1. Characteristics of the Illustration entitled "Apathy”

Theme Shape/Composition Technique

• Disputes in the house that • Distorted human • Hatching

cause trauma figures • Rubbing
in children • Triangular composition

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 Picture 2: Illustration work 2 “Sendiri Dalam Keramaian” (Alone in a Crowd)
Source: Author’s Documentation

Table 2: Characteristics of the Illustration Entitled “Sendiri Dalam Keramaian” (Alone in a

Crowd)

Theme Shape/Composition Technique

• Shame, loneliness, closing • Distorted human • Hatching

self off. figures • Rubbing
• Central composition

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Picture 3:Illustration Work 3 "Kalut Dalam Kelabu” (Chaos in Gray)

Source: Author’s Documentation

Table 3: Characteristics of the Illustration Entitled "Kalut dalam Kelabu" (Chaos in Gray)

Theme Shape/Composition Technique

• Depression, fear, • Distorted human • Hatching

disappointment figures • Rubbing
• Central composition

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 Picture 4: Illustration Work 4 "Terbakar Amarah" (Burning with Anger)
Source: Author’s Documentation

Table 1. Characteristics of the Illustration Entitled "Terbakar Amarah" (Burning with Anger)

Theme Shape/Composition Technique

• Shame, loneliness, closing • Distorted human • Hatching

yourself off figures • Rubbing
• Central composition

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CONCLUSION

1. Impact of Broken Home: Based on literature reviews, broken homes significantly affect the
psychological development of adolescents, including reduced self-confidence, difficulty
socialising, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Interviews and
questionnaires revealed that adolescents from broken families often exhibit indifference, lack
of enthusiasm for life, and tendencies toward negative behaviours. Analysis of films, videos,
and songs highlighted profound emotional impacts, declining academic performance, and
feelings of guilt.
2. Wadino's Creative Process: Wadino's inspiration in creating illustrations of broken homes
involved exploring concepts through observation, personal experiences, and free expression.
He developed various alternative sketches, incorporating elements from daily life, and
proceeded with painting and colouring. Unsatisfactory works were redone until they aligned
with the intended concept.
3. Surrealist Illustration Concept: The illustrations inspired by broken homes depict their
impact on late adolescents aged 17-21 through four interconnected works. "Apathy" portrays
trauma from household conflicts, "Alone in the Crowd" illustrates feelings of shame and
loneliness, "Confusion in Gray" represents depression and helplessness, and "Burning Anger"
reflects resentment toward parents. These themes symbolically capture the emotional and
psychological complexities of adolescents.
4. Visualization Process: The visualisation process began with sketches on A2 paper, followed
by toning with graphite powder, initial and advanced shading, and finishing with framing.
Four illustrations were produced, titled "Apathy," "Alone in the Crowd," "Confusion in Gray,"
and "Burning Anger."

IMPLICATION
The creation of surrealist illustrations inspired by broken homes as the central theme of
this study is expected to raise public awareness of the psychological and emotional impacts
experienced by children from non-intact families. This research encourages illustrators and artists
to explore sensitive themes such as broken homes in their work, fostering the production of art
that is not only visually compelling but also deeply meaningful. Surrealist illustrations can serve
as tools to facilitate discussions about the feelings and experiences of children from broken
homes. These artworks can reflect the social and cultural conditions of particular communities,
enabling a deeper analysis of how family norms and values influence individuals.

RECOMMENDATION
Based on the research findings, the following recommendations are proposed:
1. For Future Artistic Research: Future studies on artwork creation with the theme of broken
homes could explore different perspectives, such as those of parents and the surrounding
environment. This would provide varied perspectives and alternative visualisations.
2. Exploration of Media and Techniques: This study used pencil to create surrealist illustrations
based on the broken home theme. Future research is encouraged to explore diverse techniques
and mediums, such as digital art, art installations, mixed media, and others. This would
broaden the understanding of interpretations of broken homes through various media and
visual arts.
3. Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies: Subsequent research could conduct comparative
studies across different cultures on the theme of broken homes. This approach would enrich
perspectives and deepen understanding of the universality and diversity of this theme.

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