EDU602 – Mid Term Past Papers File 1 by Tanveer Online Academy

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LMS Handling, Thesis/Research Project, Teaching Practice
 EDU602 – Mid Term Past Papers File 1 by Tanveer Online Academy

(Subjective)

Question: What is the difference between task-oriented and people-oriented leadership?

Answer: Task-oriented leadership focuses on achieving goals and completing tasks
efficiently, while people-oriented leadership emphasizes building relationships and
promoting the well-being of team members.

Question: What is the difference between reversible and irreversible?

Answer: Reversible refers to a situation or decision that can be undone or changed, while
irreversible refers to an action or decision that cannot be undone.

Question: What is the difference between trait and behavioral theory?

Answer: Trait theory focuses on identifying specific qualities or traits that make a leader,
whereas behavioral theory emphasizes actions and behaviors that define effective leadership.

Question: What are the 4 Is in transformational leadership?

Answer: The 4 Is in transformational leadership are Idealized Influence, Inspirational
Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration.

Question: What is a contingency plan?

Answer: A contingency plan is a predefined course of action to be taken in response to
unexpected events or emergencies, ensuring an organization’s ability to adapt to changes.

Question: What is transparent leadership?

Answer: Transparent leadership is characterized by openness, honesty, and clear
communication, ensuring trust and clarity in decision-making processes.

Question: What are the management components?

Answer: The key components of management include planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling to achieve organizational goals.

Question: What are the characteristics of a modern school?

Answer: Modern schools focus on collaborative learning, use of technology, student-
centered teaching, a diverse curriculum, and holistic development of students.

Question: What is a strategic plan?

Answer: A strategic plan is a long-term blueprint that outlines an organization’s goals,
strategies, and resources to achieve success over a defined period.

Question: What is the disadvantage of autocratic leadership?

Answer: Autocratic leadership can lead to low morale, limited creativity, and reduced
employee engagement as decisions are made unilaterally.

Question: What are the types of organizational structure?

Answer: The main types of organizational structure include functional, divisional, matrix,
flat, and hierarchical structures.

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Question: What is the society and nature of man concept?
Answer: The concept explores how society shapes human behavior, emphasizing that human
nature is influenced by societal norms, values, and systems.

Question: What are Adler’s objectives?

Answer: Adler’s objectives focus on individual psychology, emphasizing personal growth
and self-awareness in social contexts.

Question: What are disagreements and how can they be overcome?

Answer: Disagreements can be overcome by fostering open communication, active listening,
collaboration, and finding mutually beneficial solutions.

Question: What are the differences between a leader and a manager?

Answer: A leader focuses on vision, motivation, and change, while a manager focuses on
processes, organization, and efficiency.

Question: What is the focus of transformational leadership?

Answer: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to
exceed their own self-interest for the benefit of the group.

Question: What are the three leadership styles according to Lewin’s studies?
Answer: Lewin identified three leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire.

Question: What are the challenges of the contingency approach?

Answer: The contingency approach is challenging due to the complexity of accurately
assessing different situations and determining the appropriate leadership style.

Question: What are the main components of transactional leadership?

Answer: The main components of transactional leadership include contingent rewards,
management by exception, and laissez-faire leadership.

Question: Why is frequent monitoring of students' progress important in school?

Answer: Frequent monitoring helps identify academic issues early, allowing for timely
interventions and ensuring students meet learning objectives.

Question: What are the characteristics of a strategic plan?

Answer: A strategic plan is long-term, has clear objectives, and is flexible to adapt to
changes in the environment.

Question: What are the characteristics of transformational leadership?

Answer: Transformational leadership is characterized by inspiring and motivating others,
fostering innovation, and promoting a positive vision for the future.

Question: What is the Neo-classical theory?

Answer: Neo-classical theory emphasizes human relations and social factors, focusing on
employee satisfaction and motivation as key elements in organizational productivity.

Question: What are the types of organizational structure?

Answer: Organizational structures include functional, divisional, matrix, team-based, and flat
structures.

2
Question: What are the three approaches to leadership?
Answer: The three approaches to leadership are the trait approach, behavioral approach, and
contingency approach.

Question: What are the implications of organizational behavior in management?

Answer: Organizational behavior helps managers motivate employees, improve
communication, resolve conflicts, and enhance overall productivity.

Question: What is behavioral theory in leadership?

Answer: Behavioral theory focuses on observable actions and behaviors of leaders,
suggesting that leadership skills can be learned through specific behaviors.

Question: What is the importance of need and motivation in leadership?

Answer: Understanding human needs and motivation is critical for fostering engagement and
productivity. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs best describes this concept.

Question: What is task-oriented leadership?

Answer: Task-oriented leadership is focused on completing tasks efficiently and ensuring
that processes are followed to achieve goals.

Question: What is the systems school of management?

Answer: The systems school of management views an organization as a system of
interconnected parts that work together to achieve common objectives.

Question: What is the difference between a leader and a manager?

Answer: A leader focuses on vision and change, while a manager focuses on processes and
efficiency.

Question: What is the difference between reversible and irreversible decisions?

Answer: Reversible decisions can be changed, while irreversible decisions are final and
cannot be undone.

Question: What are servant leaders?

Answer: Servant leaders prioritize serving others, focusing on the needs and development of
their team rather than seeking personal gain.

Question: What is the importance of need and motivation in leadership?

Answer: Understanding human needs and motivation is essential for fostering engagement,
productivity, and satisfaction in a team.

Question: What is oriented leadership in school management?

Answer: Oriented leadership in school management focuses on improving the educational
experience and promoting student success.

Question: What are the characteristics of leadership?

Answer: Effective leadership involves vision, communication, empathy, integrity, and the
ability to motivate and inspire others.

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Question: What is neo-classical theory?
Answer: Neo-classical theory emphasizes the human relations aspect of management,
focusing on employee motivation, job satisfaction, and the work environment.

Question: What is decision-making?

Answer: Decision-making is the process of choosing between alternatives to achieve the
desired outcome, involving problem identification, information gathering, and evaluation of
options.

Question: What are the components of transactional leadership?

Answer: The components of transactional leadership include contingent reward, active
management by exception, and passive management by exception.

Question: What are the critical points of transformational leadership?

Answer: Critical points of transformational leadership include inspiring followers, fostering
innovation, motivating teams toward a shared vision, and promoting personal growth.

Question: What is the core idea of classical management of school?

Answer: The core idea of classical management in school is the focus on structure,
efficiency, clear hierarchy, and well-defined roles and responsibilities.

Question: What is the focus of behavioral leadership?

Answer: Behavioral leadership focuses on the actions and behaviors of leaders, emphasizing
how leaders interact with their team and manage relationships.

Question: What are the characteristics of transformational leadership?

Answer: Characteristics of transformational leadership include vision, inspiration,
intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and fostering a supportive environment.

Question: What is the system school of management?

Answer: The system school of management views an organization as a set of interrelated
parts that function together to achieve common goals, focusing on the organization as a
whole.

Question: What is personal humility in leadership?

Answer: Personal humility refers to a leader's ability to remain modest, acknowledge their
limitations, and prioritize the needs of others over personal recognition.

Question: What is the difference between charismatic and visionary leadership?

Answer: Charismatic leadership focuses on personal charm and appeal to inspire followers,
while visionary leadership emphasizes a long-term vision and strategy for the future.

Question: What are the qualities of Level 5 leaders?

Answer: Level 5 leaders possess personal humility, professional will, determination, and the
ability to build enduring greatness for their organization.

Question: What is the quantitative system in management?

Answer: The quantitative system in management involves using mathematical and statistical
models to make decisions, optimize processes, and solve organizational problems.

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Question: What is behavioral theory in leadership?
Answer: Behavioral theory in leadership suggests that effective leadership is based on
specific actions and behaviors that can be learned and improved over time.

Question: What are the traits of an effective leader?

Answer: Traits of an effective leader include integrity, confidence, emotional intelligence,
communication skills, and the ability to inspire and motivate others.

Question: What are the five types of organizational structure?

Answer: The five types of organizational structure are functional, divisional, matrix, flat, and
network structures.

Question: What are the characteristics of leadership?

Answer: Characteristics of leadership include vision, communication, decision-making,
integrity, empathy, and the ability to motivate and inspire others.

Question: What is the core idea of classical school management?

Answer: The core idea of classical school management is to maximize efficiency,
productivity, and order through strict hierarchy, division of labor, and formal rules.

Question: How are mission and vision helpful in an organization or school?

Answer: Mission and vision provide direction, inspire employees, guide decision-making,
and align organizational goals with the values and purpose of the organization or school.

Question: What is the difference between learning and controlling leaders?

Answer: Learning leaders focus on growth, adaptability, and development, while controlling
leaders focus on maintaining order, enforcing rules, and ensuring compliance.

Question: What is an organization model?

Answer: An organization model is a framework that defines how a company is structured,
how tasks are distributed, and how communication flows within the organization.

Question: How is frequent monitoring of students important in the school process?

Answer: Frequent monitoring helps track students’ progress, identify learning gaps early,
and provide timely interventions to improve academic outcomes.

Question: What is the acrolatic model?

Answer: The acrolatic model is not a widely recognized term in management; it may refer to
a specific approach in leadership or decision-making.

Question: What is the hedgehog concept?

Answer: The hedgehog concept, introduced by Jim Collins, suggests that organizations
should focus on their core strengths, what they are passionate about, and what drives their
economic engine.

Question: What is the difference between the functions of planning and organizing?
Answer: Planning involves setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve them, while
organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to implement the plan effectively.

5
Question: What is productivity in an organizational model?
Answer: Productivity in an organizational model refers to the efficiency with which an
organization turns inputs (like labor and materials) into outputs (goods and services).

Question: How can a transformational leader develop the vision?

Answer: A transformational leader develops the vision by engaging with stakeholders,
understanding the needs of the organization, and inspiring others to work toward a shared
future goal.

Question: Briefly describe the simple structure of an organization.

Answer: A simple structure has few levels of hierarchy, with centralized decision-making,
limited specialization, and a flexible, informal approach to management.

Question: What are the similarities between trait and behavioral theory?
Answer: Both trait and behavioral theories focus on identifying what makes a leader
effective, whether through inherent qualities (traits) or learned actions (behaviors).

Question: What theories are used in the quantitative theory of management?

Answer: Theories used in the quantitative theory of management include operations research,
decision theory, and systems theory, all focusing on using data and models to make decisions.

Question: What are the leadership styles presented by Lewin?

Answer: Lewin presented three leadership styles: autocratic (leader makes decisions alone),
democratic (leader includes team input), and laissez-faire (leader gives minimal direction).

Question: What is the human relations theory of management?

Answer: The human relations theory of management focuses on the importance of human
factors, such as employee motivation, satisfaction, and relationships, in achieving
productivity.

Question: What is the core idea of classical management?

Answer: The core idea of classical management is maximizing efficiency through scientific
management principles, clear structure, and strict division of labor.

Question: What is the trait theory of leadership?

Answer: The trait theory of leadership suggests that effective leaders possess certain innate
qualities, such as confidence, intelligence, and integrity, that make them capable of leading.

Question: What is transformational leadership?

Answer: Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers to exceed
their own interests for the greater good, fostering innovation, and creating significant change
in an organization.

Question: What are the similarities between trait and behavior theories?
Answer: Both trait and behavior theories focus on identifying characteristics or actions that
make leaders effective, though traits emphasize inherent qualities while behavior theory
focuses on learned actions.

Question: What is charismatic leadership management?

Answer: Charismatic leadership management involves a leader using personal charm,

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enthusiasm, and emotional appeal to inspire and motivate followers to achieve extraordinary
outcomes.

Question: What is neo-classical theory?

Answer: Neo-classical theory emphasizes human relations and the importance of social
factors in the workplace, such as employee morale, motivation, and leadership, as key to
productivity.

Question: What is succession planning?

Answer: Succession planning is the process of identifying and developing internal talent to
ensure leadership continuity when key leaders leave or retire.

Question: What are the characteristics of an autocratic leader?

Answer: Characteristics of an autocratic leader include making decisions without input from
others, maintaining strict control, and expecting followers to obey without question.

Question: What is the contingency theory of leadership?

Answer: The contingency theory of leadership suggests that the effectiveness of a leader
depends on how well their leadership style matches the situation or context they are in.

Question: How do transformational leaders share their vision with their team?
Answer: Transformational leaders share their vision by clearly communicating it, aligning it
with the team’s goals, and motivating their team to work towards achieving it through
inspiration and support.

Question: What are organizational structures?

Answer: Organizational structures define how roles, responsibilities, and authority are
distributed within an organization and can be structured as hierarchical, matrix, flat, or
functional.

Question: What are the characteristics of trait theory?

Answer: Trait theory identifies inherent qualities like confidence, decisiveness, emotional
intelligence, and integrity as key characteristics that make someone an effective leader.

Question: What is implicit leadership?

Answer: Implicit leadership refers to the assumptions and expectations that people have
about the traits and behaviors that make someone a good leader, often shaped by culture and
experience.

Question: What are the challenges faced in the application of situational theory?
Answer: Challenges include accurately assessing the situation, adapting leadership style in
real time, and ensuring that followers respond appropriately to different approaches.

Question: What is the difference between culture and society?

Answer: Culture refers to the beliefs, values, and practices shared by a group, while society
is the larger system of organized relationships and institutions that people live in.

Question: What are the factors of leadership?

Answer: Factors of leadership include communication skills, emotional intelligence,
decision-making ability, vision, and the capacity to inspire and motivate others.

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Question: What is servant leadership?
Answer: Servant leadership is a leadership approach where the leader prioritizes the needs of
their followers, helping them grow and succeed, with a focus on serving others over self-
interest.

Question: What are the traits of effective leadership?

Answer: Traits of effective leadership include integrity, decisiveness, emotional intelligence,
vision, communication skills, and the ability to inspire and motivate others.

Question: Why is an effective school climate important?

Answer: An effective school climate promotes student achievement, teacher satisfaction, and
a positive learning environment, which enhances the overall educational experience.

Question: What are the advantages of autocratic leadership?

Answer: Advantages of autocratic leadership include quick decision-making, clear direction,
and the ability to maintain order and discipline in high-pressure situations.

Question: What are the levels of management?

Answer: The levels of management include top-level management (executives), middle-level
management (department heads), and lower-level management (supervisors).

Question: What are the characteristics of the modern school of management?

Answer: The modern school of management focuses on adaptability, innovation, employee
engagement, and the use of technology and data-driven decision-making.

Question: What are common decision-making mistakes?

Answer: Common decision-making mistakes include overconfidence, lack of information,
ignoring alternatives, confirmation bias, and rushing decisions without proper analysis.

Question: What are the qualities of a Level 5 leader?

Answer: Level 5 leaders exhibit personal humility, professional will, determination, and the
ability to build lasting success for their organizations through servant leadership.

Question: What is human relations theory in management?

Answer: Human relations theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships,
employee motivation, and satisfaction in increasing productivity and organizational success.

Question: What is decision-making?

Answer: Decision-making is the process of selecting the best course of action from available
alternatives to achieve a desired outcome or solve a problem.

Question: What is the quality of leadership?

Answer: Quality leadership involves setting a vision, guiding others towards shared goals,
demonstrating integrity, making informed decisions, and inspiring positive change.

Question: What is Level 5 Pathways leadership?

Answer: Level 5 Pathways leadership refers to a leadership style that combines humility and
fierce resolve to achieve long-term success, as outlined by Jim Collins in "Good to Great."

8
Question: How can a transformational leader develop their vision?
Answer: A transformational leader develops their vision by engaging stakeholders,
understanding organizational goals, and fostering a shared sense of purpose among their
team.

Question: What is the difference between tactical and strategic planning?

Answer: Tactical planning focuses on short-term, specific actions to achieve immediate
goals, while strategic planning focuses on long-term objectives and the overall direction of
the organization.

Question: What is paternalistic leadership?

Answer: Paternalistic leadership involves a leader taking a parental role, making decisions in
the best interest of employees while expecting loyalty and compliance in return.

Question: What are the challenges in contingency approach?

Answer: Challenges in the contingency approach include accurately assessing situations,
adapting leadership styles to fit different scenarios, and balancing competing demands in
complex environments.

Question: What is the difference between a reversible and irreversible decision?

Answer: A reversible decision can be changed or undone, while an irreversible decision is
permanent and cannot be reversed once made.

Question: What is the difference between the role of a leader and a manager?
Answer: Leaders inspire and motivate towards vision and change, while managers focus on
maintaining order, organizing tasks, and ensuring efficient operations within established
structures.

Question: What is oriented leadership?

Answer: Oriented leadership refers to leadership styles that focus either on tasks (task-
oriented) or on people (people-oriented), balancing between achieving organizational goals
and meeting the needs of team members.

Question: What are the kinds of decision-making?

Answer: The kinds of decision-making include rational decision-making, intuitive decision-
making, and bounded rationality, each differing in how decisions are made based on logic,
experience, or constraints.

Question: What are the Iowa studies on leadership?

Answer: The Iowa studies identified three leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and
laissez-faire, examining how each style influences group performance and satisfaction.

Question: What is the difference between task-oriented and people-oriented leadership?

Answer: Task-oriented leadership focuses on completing tasks and achieving goals, while
people-oriented leadership prioritizes relationships, team morale, and well-being.

Question: What is Human Behavior Theory?

Answer: Human Behavior Theory emphasizes understanding the psychological, social, and
behavioral factors that influence individuals' actions in organizations, focusing on motivation,
needs, and social interactions.

9
Question: What is the focus of Human Relations Theory?
Answer: Human Relations Theory focuses on improving employee satisfaction, morale, and
productivity by fostering positive relationships and addressing workers' emotional and social
needs.

Question: What are the traits of an effective leader?

Answer: Traits of an effective leader include integrity, confidence, emotional intelligence,
communication skills, and the ability to inspire and motivate others.

Question: What is productivity in an organization model?

Answer: Productivity in an organization model refers to the efficiency with which resources
are used to achieve desired outcomes, often measured by output per unit of input.

Question: What is servant leadership?

Answer: Servant leadership is a leadership style where the leader focuses on serving others,
putting the needs of employees and followers first to help them develop and perform at their
best.

Question: What is the decision-making approach?

Answer: The decision-making approach involves processes such as identifying problems,
analyzing alternatives, choosing the best course of action, and evaluating the outcomes, with
approaches like rational, intuitive, and collaborative decision-making.

Question: What challenges are faced by the contingency approach?

Answer: Challenges in the contingency approach include accurately assessing situations,
adapting leadership styles to fit different scenarios, and managing dynamic and complex
environments.

Question: What is the 5 Level Pathway?

Answer: The 5 Level Pathway, introduced by Jim Collins, describes leadership levels from
capable individuals to Level 5 leaders, who combine humility with professional will to
achieve lasting success.

Question: What is the core idea of the Classical School of Management?

Answer: The core idea of the Classical School of Management is to focus on efficiency,
hierarchy, and the scientific approach to improving productivity through division of labor and
clear authority.

Question: What are the sidelines of the 5 Level Pathway?

Answer: The sidelines of the 5 Level Pathway emphasize personal humility, team success,
disciplined thought, and action as leaders progress through each level to achieve sustained
organizational excellence.

Question: What are the 4 I's of transformational leadership?

Answer: The 4 I's of transformational leadership are Idealized Influence, Inspirational
Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration.

Question: What is the difference between a leader and a manager?

Answer: Leaders inspire, motivate, and create vision, focusing on change and innovation,

10
while managers focus on organizing, planning, and maintaining systems and processes for
operational efficiency.

Question: What are the types of organizational systems?

Answer: Types of organizational systems include hierarchical, flat, matrix, and network
structures, each with different ways of managing authority, communication, and workflows.

Question: What are the variables for leadership?

Answer: Leadership variables include leader behavior, follower characteristics, situational
context, organizational culture, and external environmental factors.

Question: What is the quality of a good or effective leader?

Answer: Qualities of a good leader include vision, integrity, empathy, decisiveness,
communication skills, and the ability to inspire and motivate others toward achieving
common goals.

Question: What is the best system of management?

Answer: The best system of management depends on organizational needs but often involves
a blend of classical, human relations, and modern theories, focusing on efficiency, employee
satisfaction, and adaptability.

Question: What is the difference between people-oriented and task-oriented leadership?

Answer: People-oriented leadership focuses on employee satisfaction and relationships,
while task-oriented leadership focuses on achieving objectives and improving productivity.

Question: What are the levels of management competencies for transformational

leadership?
Answer: Competencies at different levels include strategic thinking, emotional intelligence,
vision creation, adaptability, and the ability to influence and inspire change at all
organizational levels.

Question: What is a dependent variable?

Answer: A dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment
or study, and it is influenced by the independent variable.

Question: What is the focus of transformational leadership?

Answer: The focus of transformational leadership is to inspire and motivate followers to
exceed their own interests, fostering innovation and creating significant positive change
within the organization.

Question: What are the types of decisions?

Answer: Types of decisions include strategic, tactical, and operational, with strategic
decisions affecting long-term outcomes, tactical decisions addressing specific actions, and
operational decisions focusing on day-to-day tasks.

Question: What is the mission of a school or organization?

Answer: The mission of a school or organization defines its purpose and primary objectives,
providing direction and guiding decision-making and efforts toward achieving long-term
goals.

11
Question: What are the characteristics of participatory leadership style?
Answer: Characteristics of participatory leadership include involving team members in
decision-making, encouraging collaboration, fostering open communication, and valuing
input from all levels of the organization.

Question: What is the difference between strategic and tactical planning?

Answer: Strategic planning focuses on long-term goals and overall direction, while tactical
planning focuses on short-term, specific actions to achieve immediate objectives.

Question: What are Kant's views on character development?

Answer: Kant believed that character development involves cultivating moral virtues through
rational thinking, self-discipline, and acting according to the moral law or duty.

Question: What is a contingency plan?

Answer: A contingency plan is a backup plan prepared to deal with potential problems or
unexpected changes, ensuring that an organization can continue to operate effectively in
various scenarios.

Question: How would a democratic leader develop a school?

Answer: A democratic leader would develop a school by involving staff, students, and the
community in decision-making, fostering collaboration, and creating an inclusive, supportive
environment that encourages participation.

Question: What is the simple structure of an organization?

Answer: The simple structure of an organization typically involves a flat hierarchy,
centralized decision-making, and few formal rules, with a small number of employees
directly reporting to a leader or manager.

Question: What are the five levels of leadership?

Answer: The five levels of leadership are: Highly Capable Individual, Contributing Team
Member, Competent Manager, Effective Leader, and Level 5 Executive.

Question: What is trait and effective leadership?

Answer: Trait leadership focuses on the inherent qualities or traits that leaders possess, such
as confidence and decisiveness, while effective leadership is about the ability to achieve
desired outcomes through influence and guidance.

Question: What are the levels of goals?

Answer: Levels of goals include strategic goals (long-term), tactical goals (mid-term), and
operational goals (short-term), each addressing different aspects of organizational planning.

Question: What is the modern theory system?

Answer: The modern theory system emphasizes adaptability, open systems, and the
interaction between an organization and its external environment, focusing on continuous
improvement and innovation.

Question: What are the characteristics of leadership?

Answer: Characteristics of leadership include vision, integrity, communication, empathy,
decisiveness, and the ability to motivate and inspire others to achieve common goals.

12
Question: What are the factors of leadership?
Answer: Factors of leadership include the leader’s traits, behavior, situational context,
follower characteristics, and the external environment.

Question: What is a strategy plan?

Answer: A strategy plan outlines an organization's long-term vision, goals, and the actions
needed to achieve them, focusing on positioning the organization for future success.

Question: What is transparent leadership?

Answer: Transparent leadership involves openness, honesty, and accountability, where
leaders share information, encourage transparency in communication, and build trust within
the organization.

Question: How does frequent class monitoring make a good school?

Answer: Frequent class monitoring ensures academic progress, maintains teaching quality,
and identifies areas needing improvement, leading to a more effective learning environment.

Question: What are the qualities of a Level 5 leader?

Answer: A Level 5 leader shows humility, professional will, long-term focus, accountability,
and a commitment to building a strong organization beyond personal success.

Question: What are qualities of an effective school (three)?

Answer: Qualities of an effective school include strong leadership, a clear vision, and a
supportive learning environment.

Question: What are three characteristics of transactional leadership?

Answer: Transactional leadership focuses on clear structures, rewards and penalties, and
performance-driven goals.

Question: What is the leadership continuum (five stages)?

Answer: The leadership continuum includes autocratic, persuasive, consultative,
participative, and democratic leadership styles, ranging from leader-centered to group-
centered decision-making.

Question: What are Fayol's five functions of management?

Answer: Fayol's five functions of management are planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating, and controlling.

Question: What are five types of organizational structure?

Answer: Five types of organizational structure include functional, divisional, matrix, flat,
and network structures.

Question: What are the similarities between Trait and Behavioral Theory?
Answer: Both theories focus on identifying characteristics or behaviors that make leaders
effective and believe leadership qualities can be developed.

Question: What are three points about Trait Theory?

Answer: Trait Theory asserts that leadership is inherent, focuses on key qualities such as
intelligence and confidence, and emphasizes personality traits that differentiate leaders from
non-leaders.

13
Question: What is transformational leadership?
Answer: Transformational leadership inspires followers through vision, innovation, and
challenging the status quo, focusing on personal development and organizational change.

Question: What is Quantitative Management Theory?

Answer: Quantitative Management Theory applies mathematical models and statistical
techniques to decision-making and problem-solving within organizations.

Question: What is decision-making?

Answer: Decision-making is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives to achieve
objectives, involving analysis, evaluation, and selection.

Question: What are the types of decisions?

Answer: Types of decisions include strategic, tactical, and operational decisions, each
differing in scope and impact on the organization.

Question: Who are Level 5 leaders?

Answer: Level 5 leaders combine personal humility with professional determination,
prioritizing organizational success over personal ambition.

Question: What are Fayol's 14 principles of management?

Answer: Fayol’s 14 principles include division of work, authority, discipline, unity of
command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interest, remuneration,
centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative, and esprit de corps.

Question: What is contingency leadership?

Answer: Contingency leadership theory suggests that the effectiveness of a leadership style
depends on the specific situation and context, not on fixed traits or behaviors.

Question: What is Fiedler's theory of leadership effectiveness?

Answer: Fiedler's theory states that a leader's effectiveness is determined by their leadership
style and the favorableness of the situation, measured by leader-member relations, task
structure, and position power.

Question: What is the difference between reversible and irreversible decisions?

Answer: Reversible decisions can be changed or undone with minimal impact, while
irreversible decisions have long-term consequences and cannot be easily altered.

Question: What are the traits of an effective leader?

Answer: Traits of an effective leader include confidence, integrity, communication skills,
decisiveness, and the ability to inspire and motivate others.

Question: What is the description of Behavioral Theory?

Answer: Behavioral Theory focuses on the actions and behaviors of leaders, suggesting that
leadership can be learned and is not solely based on inherent traits.

Question: What are five types of organizational structure?

Answer: Five types of organizational structure include functional, divisional, matrix, team-
based, and flat structures.

14
Question: What is Human Relations Theory in management?
Answer: Human Relations Theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships,
employee satisfaction, and motivation in improving productivity and workplace harmony.

Question: What is Human Behavior Theory?

Answer: Human Behavior Theory studies the psychological and social factors influencing
employee behavior in organizations, focusing on motivation, needs, and behavior patterns.

Question: What are traits of an effective leader?

Answer: Traits of an effective leader include empathy, adaptability, resilience,
communication, and the ability to inspire trust and confidence.

Question: What is the simple structure of an organization?

Answer: A simple structure has a flat hierarchy, centralized decision-making, and minimal
specialization, typically seen in small organizations.

Question: What is the 5 Level Pathway?

Answer: The 5 Level Pathway is a leadership model that progresses from capable individuals
to Level 5 leaders, who demonstrate both professional will and personal humility.

Question: What is the decision-making approach?

Answer: The decision-making approach involves a systematic process of identifying a
problem, evaluating alternatives, and selecting the best solution.

Question: What are the five levels of leadership?

Answer: The five levels of leadership include Highly Capable Individual, Contributing Team
Member, Competent Manager, Effective Leader, and Level 5 Executive.

Question: What is trait and effective leadership?

Answer: Trait leadership focuses on inherent qualities of leaders, while effective leadership
is about the ability to guide, motivate, and achieve organizational goals.

Question: What are the levels of goals?

Answer: The levels of goals include strategic goals (long-term), tactical goals (mid-term),
and operational goals (short-term).

Question: What is the modern theory system?

Answer: The modern theory system focuses on open systems, adaptability, and continuous
improvement, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between the organization and its
environment.

Question: What are the characteristics of leadership?

Answer: Leadership characteristics include vision, integrity, emotional intelligence,
decisiveness, communication, and the ability to inspire and influence others.

Question: What is task-oriented leadership?

Answer: Task-oriented leadership focuses on organizing tasks, setting clear goals, and
ensuring that team members meet deadlines and productivity targets.

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Question: What is contingency leadership?
Answer: Contingency leadership suggests that the effectiveness of leadership depends on the
situation, requiring leaders to adapt their style to meet changing circumstances.

Question: What is Behavioral Theory?

Answer: Behavioral Theory emphasizes that effective leadership is based on learned
behaviors and actions, rather than inherent traits or characteristics.

Question: What are the characteristics of an operational plan?

Answer: Characteristics of an operational plan include clear objectives, detailed action steps,
timelines, resource allocation, and performance metrics to achieve short-term goals.

Question: Why is a focused mission necessary in schools?

Answer: A focused mission is necessary in schools to provide direction, align efforts, and
ensure that educational objectives are met, improving both student outcomes and institutional
success.

Question: What is System Management Theory?

Answer: System Management Theory views organizations as complex systems with
interconnected parts, emphasizing the need for coordination and adaptability to achieve goals.

Question: What is Contingency Leadership?

Answer: Contingency Leadership theory posits that a leader's effectiveness depends on how
well their leadership style matches the situation's demands.

Question: What is Transparent Leadership Style?

Answer: Transparent leadership involves open communication, honesty, and sharing
information with team members to build trust and improve collaboration.

Question: What school climate is needed to promote student learning?

Answer: A positive school climate promotes respect, safety, supportive relationships, and
high academic expectations, enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.

Question: What is Succession Planning?

Answer: Succession planning involves identifying and developing future leaders within an
organization to ensure smooth transitions when key positions become vacant.

Question: What is Democratic Leadership?

Answer: Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making, where leaders actively
seek input from team members and encourage participation in the decision-making process.

Question: What is the difference between Leadership and Management?

Answer: Leadership focuses on inspiring and guiding people toward a vision, while
management emphasizes planning, organizing, and executing tasks to achieve organizational
goals.

Question: What is the difference between Authoritative and Laissez-Faire models?

Answer: Authoritative leadership involves clear direction and control, while laissez-faire
leadership allows individuals freedom to make decisions with minimal interference.

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Question: What is the focus of Human Relations Theory?
Answer: Human Relations Theory focuses on the importance of employee morale,
motivation, and interpersonal relationships in enhancing productivity and workplace
harmony.

Question: What is the focus of Transformational Theory?

Answer: Transformational Theory emphasizes inspiring and motivating employees to
achieve their full potential and fostering organizational change through vision and innovation.

Question: What are the components of Transactional Leadership?

Answer: Components of transactional leadership include clear goals, rewards for meeting
objectives, and penalties for underperformance, focusing on maintaining order and efficiency.

Question: What are the functions of management?

Answer: The functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
resources to achieve organizational objectives.

Question: What are the biases in decision-making?

Answer: Biases in decision-making include confirmation bias, anchoring, overconfidence,
and availability bias, which can distort judgment and lead to poor choices.

Question: What is decision-making and what are its characteristics?

Answer: Decision-making is the process of choosing between alternatives to solve a
problem. Its characteristics include problem identification, analysis, evaluation of options,
and selecting the best course of action.

Question: What are the benefits of decision-making?

Answer: Benefits of decision-making include clearer goals, better problem-solving,
improved resource allocation, and enhanced team collaboration and innovation.

Question: What is a School Management System?

Answer: A school management system refers to processes and tools used to manage
administrative, academic, and financial functions in a school to improve efficiency and
effectiveness.

Question: What is the main difference between Trait and Behavioral Theory?
Answer: Trait theory focuses on inherent leadership qualities, while behavioral theory
emphasizes that leadership is based on learned behaviors and actions.

Question: Why is school management important?

Answer: School management is important for organizing resources, implementing policies,
ensuring academic standards, and creating a positive learning environment for student
success.

Question: What is a Leadership Framework?

Answer: A leadership framework outlines key leadership qualities, behaviors, and strategies
required to effectively guide an organization toward achieving its goals.

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Question: What are critical points of leadership?
Answer: Critical points of leadership include vision, communication, decision-making,
motivation, integrity, and the ability to adapt to challenges.

Question: What is an organization model?

Answer: An organization model refers to the structure and framework of how an
organization operates, including its hierarchy, decision-making processes, and
communication flow.

Question: How would you treat people as a bureaucratic leader in school?

Answer: As a bureaucratic leader, I would ensure that rules and procedures are strictly
followed, decisions are made based on formal guidelines, and roles and responsibilities are
clearly defined.

Question: What are Fayol's Principles?

Answer: Fayol’s principles include division of work, authority, discipline, unity of
command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interest, remuneration,
centralization, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative, and esprit de corps.

Question: What is the hierarchy of organizational structure and its importance?

Answer: The hierarchy of organizational structure refers to the arrangement of roles and
responsibilities from top to bottom. Its importance lies in clarifying authority, facilitating
communication, and ensuring efficient decision-making.

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