Basic Guide to Dental Materials - 1st Edition
Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:
https://medipdf.com/product/basic-guide-to-dental-materials-1st-edition/
Click Download Now
This edition first published 2010
C 2010 Carmen Scheller-Sheridan
Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007.
Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical,
and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.
Registered office
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ,
United Kingdom
Editorial offices
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom
2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to
apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at
www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.
The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the
prior permission of the publisher.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in
print may not be available in electronic books.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All
brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any
product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and
authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding
that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other
expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Scheller-Sheridan, Carmen.
Basic guide to dental materials / Carmen Scheller-Sheridan.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-6746-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Dental materials. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Dental Materials. WU 190 S322b 2010]
RK652.5.S34 2010
617.6 95–dc22
2009037333
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
1 2010
iv
Contents
Preface – How to use this book vii
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Dental materials’ properties 13
3 Temporary restorative materials 19
4 Non-aesthetic restorative materials 29
5 Aesthetic restorative materials 43
6 Acid etchant, bonding agents and fissure sealants 63
7 Liner and bases 79
8 Dental cements 111
9 Endodontic materials 139
10 Periodontal dressings 169
11 Dental impression materials 175
12 Gypsum materials 221
13 Dental waxes 239
14 Material safety data sheets 249
15 Introduction to four-handed dentistry 261
Index 273
v
vi
Preface: How to use this book
This guide is a supplemental resource to use alongside practical training and
experiences. It works well in conjunction with Basic Guide to Dental Instru-
ments (Scheller, 2006), which is also available in the Basic Guide series. Many
instruments are referred to but not pictured, as the focus of this text is dental
materials.
Basic Guide to Dental Materials has been written for anyone working or
studying within the dental profession, particularly aimed at dental care profes-
sionals. It may be used as a study aid or within the dental surgery as a reference
guide. It is not meant to be a comprehensive resource and needs to be used
alongside study notes and other more comprehensive texts where appropriate.
Dental materials have been categorised by their usage in this text, and as
many materials have multiple uses they are featured in multiple chapters. The
first two chapters contain essential background information on dental materi-
als, and all other chapters should be read as required in relevant circumstances.
Each chapter follows the same format, with definitions, material properties,
advantages, disadvantages, trade names, manipulation instructions, manipu-
lation photos and mixing, working and setting times. It is important that the
reader understands that although every effort was made to produce manipula-
tion instructions and mixing, working and setting times, these properties may
vary between manufacturers. It is the responsibility of the dental professional to
consult manufacturer’s instructions to ensure a comprehensive understanding
of specific material properties.
This book is a UK publication where intraoral duties including the place-
ment of dental materials have not yet been introduced as a skill of the dental
nurse/dental assistant at the time of publication. In the event that these duties
are introduced or in those areas of the world where they are practised, the indi-
vidual must consult other references for information in relation to the clinical
placement of dental materials.
Dental instrument and materials set-ups are included in each chapter. They
only encompass what is required for the manipulation of the dental material
and are not meant to be comprehensive for each procedure. Comprehensive
procedure set-ups may be found in Basic Guide to Dental Instruments (Scheller,
2006).
Dental materials are ever changing. Continued professional development
is essential to maintaining the most current knowledge of available products.
vii
viii Preface: How to use this book
It is the responsibility of each member of the dental team to continuously
review and update the knowledge required to work with the dental materials
in the surgery. It is imperative to follow the manufacturer’s instructions when
working with any dental material. It would be impossible to create a text with
every material by every manufacturer, so one material has been highlighted for
manipulation and photography purposes. The author does not endorse using
any specific dental material.
It is essential that good health and safety, and infection control standards
are practiced when working with dental materials. Where possible, these have
been mentioned throughout the text. If you have any queries in relation to
these areas consult your surgery policies or legislative bodies for appropriate
regulations and legislation in your area.
REFERENCE
Scheller, C. (2006) Basic Guide to Dental Instruments. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the many people who helped with the editing and devel-
opment of this guide to dental materials including: Professor Robert Ireland,
Ms. Tina Gorman, Dr. Frank Quinn, Dr. Osama Omer, Dr. Owen Fleetwood,
Ms. Joan Brennan, Mr. Declan Byrne, Dr. Richard Pilkington, Ms. Helen
Phipps and Ms. Catherine Waldron. Thanks to Mr. Mark Thompson for tak-
ing many of the pictures within this text and to the following for helping to
gather materials and allowing me to photograph them: Louise Boyd, Madonna
Bell, Daniel Doyle and Rebecca Hayden.
I would also like to thank the following companies who supplied pho-
tographs and/or dental materials for photography purposes:
3M ESPE
Bosworth
Heraeus Dental
Kerr
Keystone
Premier Dental Products Company
Promed
Pulpdent Corporation
SDI
Waterpik
Whipmix
ix
x
Chapter 1
Introduction
1
2 Basic Guide to Dental Materials
THE DENTAL TEAM
Dental materials are used daily in the dental surgery. It is imperative that the
dental team is knowledgeable in relation to a variety of dental materials and
INTRODUCTION
their distinguishing characteristics. Biocompatibility, durability, aesthetics and
cost must all be taken into account when choosing a dental material. New dental
materials are introduced to the market continually, and it is the responsibility
of the dental team to keep their knowledge base up to date through Continual
Professional Development (CPD) opportunities.
Loss of, or damage to tooth structure requires the use of a variety of dental
materials to repair and/or replace the missing structure. Missing tooth structure
may be as a result of trauma, caries (decay) or various other causes. Dental
materials are often categorised by their usage, as they will be in this text.
THE DENTAL NURSE
The role of the dental nurse in relation to dental materials is important.
The dental nurse must be knowledgeable in the areas of instrument set-up,
armamentarium (complete set-up for treatment), mixing, manipulation,
proper disposal of used instruments and materials, material constituents,
material storage, stock maintenance and health and safety in relation to the
materials.
In areas of the world where dental nurses or dental assistants have intraoral
responsibilities including the placement of dental materials, their knowledge
must be expanded to include the comprehensive understanding of material
placement, which is not included in this text.
DENTAL MATERIALS – DISPENSING, MANIPULATION
AND APPLICATION
Dispensing
Dental materials are dispensed in various forms as shown below:
A. Two-paste systems (Figure 1.1a and 1.1b)
B. Powder and liquid form (Figure 1.2)
C. Capsule form (Figure 1.3)
D. Compule form (Figure 1.4)
E. Syringe form (Figure 1.5)
Introduction 3
INTRODUCTION
(a)
(b)
Figure 1.1 Two-paste system.
Figure 1.2 Powder and liquid form.
4 Basic Guide to Dental Materials
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.3 Capsule form.
Figure 1.4 Compule form.
Introduction 5
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.5 Syringe form.
Both two-paste systems and powder and liquid forms are manually manipu-
lated, whilst the capsule form is preloaded with the exact ratios of materials and
is mechanically manipulated. The compule and syringe forms are preloaded and
ready to be dispensed with no mixing required (trituration may be required).
Mixing
Manual manipulation requires using a mixing spatula and some type of mixing
surface.
Various mixing spatulas, which will be referred to within this text, are
depicted in Figure 1.6.
A. Wooden-handled spatula
B. Weston spatula
C. Broad-bladed spatula
D. Plastic spatula
E. Fishtail spatula
F. Plaster spatula
6 Basic Guide to Dental Materials
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.6 Mixing spatulas.
Mixing surfaces
Figure 1.7 depicts various mixing surfaces, which will be referred to within this
text.
A. Dispensing well (can be used in conjunction with an amber shield that slides
over the wells to shield light-sensitive materials from the light)
B. Glass dappen dish
C. Waxed paper pad (available in various sizes)
Figure 1.7 Mixing surfaces.
