DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(ACADEMIC YEAR: 2020-2021)
ME8091 – AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(Regulation 2017)
Semester - VI
NAME :
REG NO :
ME8091 AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
UNIT I VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES 9
Types of automobiles, vehicle construction and different layouts, chassis, frame and body,Vehicle
aerodynamics (various resistances and moments involved) , IC engines –components-functions and
materials, variable valve timing (VVT).
UNITII ENGINE AUXILIARYSYSTEMS 9
Electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engines, Electronically controlled diesel injection
system (Unit injector system, Rotary distributor type and common rail direct injection system), Electronic
ignition system (Transistorized coil ignition system, capacitive discharge ignition system), Turbo chargers
(WGT, VGT), Engine emission control by three way catalytic converter system, Emission norms (Euro and
BS).
UNITIII TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 9
Clutch-types and construction, gear boxes- manual and automatic, gear shift mechanisms, Over drive, transfer
box, fluid flywheel, torque converter, propeller shaft, slip joints, universal joints, Differential and rear axle,
Hotchkiss Drive and Torque Tube Drive.
UNITIV STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS 9
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box-Power Steering, Types of Front Axle, Types of Suspension
Systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Braking Systems, Antilock Braking System (ABS), electronic brake force
distribution (EBD) and Traction Control.
UNITV ALTERNATIVE ENERGYSOURCES 9
Use of Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Bio-diesel, Bio-ethanol, Gasohol and Hydrogen in
Automobiles- Engine modifications required –Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI
and CI engines with these alternate fuels - Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Fuel Cell Note: Practical Training in
dismantling and assembling of Engine parts and Transmission Systems should be given to the students.
Note: A Practical Training in dismantling and assembling of engine parts and transmission systems may be
given to the students.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jain K.K. and Asthana .R.B, “Automobile Engineering” Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, 2002.
2. Kirpal Singh, “Automobile Engineering”, Vol 1 & 2, Seventh Edition, Standard Publishers, New Delhi,
13th Edition 2014..,
REFERENCES:
1. Ganesan V. “Internal Combustion Engines”, Third Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2012.
2. Heinz Heisler, “Advanced Engine Technology,” SAE International Publications USA, 1998.
3. Joseph Heitner, “Automotive Mechanics,” Second Edition, East-West Press, 1999.
4. Martin W, Stockel and Martin T Stockle , “Automotive Mechanics Fundamentals,” The Good heart -
Will Cox Company Inc, USA ,1978.
5. Newton ,Steeds and Garet, “Motor Vehicles”, Butterworth Publishers,1989.
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Development of the Automobile:
The progress of means for transportation has been intimately associated with the progress of
civilization.
Transportation on land has evolved from the slow moving oxcart to the high-speedautomobile.
A self-propelled vehicle used for transportation of goods and passengers on land is called an
automobile or automotive or motorvehicle.
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I. TYPES OF AUTOMOBILES:
The different types of automobiles found on roads are presented in Chart in a comprehensive
manner.
There are in general three main classifications of the various types ofvehicle.
o Based on the Purpose: Ten wheelersetc.
Passenger Vehicles – Car, o Based on the Drive of thevehicles:
Jeep,Bus Single wheeldrive
Goods Vehicles –Truck Two wheeldrive
o Based on theCapacity: Four wheeldrive.
Light Motor vehicles – Car, Also Front wheel drive,
Motor cycle,scooter rear wheel drive and all
Heavy Motor vehicles – wheeldrive.
Bus, coach, andtractor. o Based on the bodystyle:
o Based on the FuelUsed: closedcars,
Petrolvehicles, opencars
Dieselvehicles, specialstyles
Alternatefuel o Based on thetransmission:
o Based on the No. ofwheels: Conventional,
Twowheelers semi-automatic,
Threewheelers fullyautomatic
Fourwheelers
Sixwheelers
Classification of vehicles:
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Unit - I
II. CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMOBILE:
Automobile consists of the Basic structure, the Power plant, the transmission system, the
auxiliaries, the controls and thesuperstructure
Basic Structure:
This is the unit on which are to be built the remainder of the units required to turn it into a
power operatedvehicle.
It consists of the frame, the suspension systems, axles, wheels andtyres
Power Plant:
It provides the motive power for all the various functions which the vehicle or any part of it, may
be called upon toperform.
It generally consists of an IC engine which may be either of spark-ignition, or of compression
ignition type.
The Transmission system:
It consists of a clutch, a gear box, a transfer case, a propeller shaft, universal joints, final drive,
and differentialgear.
The auxiliaries:
It consists of supply system (Battery and generator), the starter, the ignition system, and
ancillary devices ( Driving lights, signaling, other lights, Miscellaneous items like radio, heater,
fans, electric fuel pump, windscreen wipers,etc.)
The Controls
It consists of steering system andbrakes.
The superstructure
It may be body attached with frame, framelessconstruction.
Layouts of Automobile:
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Unit - I
Main Parts of the Automobile:
The body:
A car body
The chassis:
A car chassis
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Unit - I
Integral body construction
Vehicle Assemblies
The main components of an automobile can be sub-grouped in the following assemblies: (i)
Engine or power plant, (ii) Running gear or basic structure, (iii) Driving system, (iv) Basic
Control system, (v) Electrical system, (vi)Accessories
Vehicle Assemblies
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Unit - I
Engine Position:
Front-engine car
Mid-enginecar Rear-enginecar
Drive Arrangements:
Rear-wheeldrive Front-wheeldrive Four-wheel drive
Specifying anAutomobile
For describing an automobile, the various factors taken into consideration are:
o Type: Whether scooter, motor cycle, car, lorry, trucketc.
o Carriage capacity: Whether 1/4 tonne, 1 tonne, 3 tones, etc. or 2 seater, 4 seater, 6 seater,
30 seater, 40 seateretc.
o Make. The name allotted by the manufacturer. It is generally the name of the power unit
indicating kW or number of cylinders or shape of the engineblock.
o Model: The year of manufacture or a specific code number allotted by themanufacturer.
o Drive, (i) Whether left hand or right hand drive, i.e. the steering is fitted on the left hand side
or right hand side. (ii) Two wheel drive, four wheel drive, or six wheeldrive.
As an example for specifying a truck, the typical specifications are given below: (i) Type : Truck
312 L (ii) Capacity : 17,025 kg (iii) Drive: Right hand, 6x4 wheels, (iv) Make: Tata Mercedes-
Benz (v) Model: OM312
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Unit - I
The Single-unit Vehicles or Load Carriers:
These vehicles are conventional four-wheel types with two-axle design in which the front axle
is a steering non-driving axle and the rear axle is the drivingaxle.
With the advancement, many changes have been incorporated in the number of axles as well
as the driving system.
The Articulated Vehicles:
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Unit - I
A larger powered three-wheeler with single steering wheel in front and a conventional rear- driving
axle falls in thiscategory.
It can be turned about its own tail due to the three-wheel construction and has a greater
handling ability in unusualplaces.
The coupling mechanism between semi-trailer and tractor in most of these vehicles is designed
for automatic connection and couplingup.
A lever is provided within the driver's approach for couplingoperation.
A pair of retractable wheels in front can be raised or lowered automatically along with the
coupling and uncouplingoperation.
The Heavy-tractor Vehicles:
To move heavy loads tractor or independent tractor vehiclesareused.
They commonly operate in pair either in tendon or as puller orpusher.
The latter arrangement provides stability while descending appreciablegradients.
The Motor Car:
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