SURVEYING FOR ENGINEERS
PBWS202
INTRODUCTION
by
Dr. Adel El-Shazly
Professor of Geomatics
Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
SURVEYING
• “the science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of
points above, on, or beneath the Earth’s surface, or of establishing such
points.”.
• Traditionally Surveying is the art of
Measuring slope and horizontal and vertical distances between objects.
Measuring angles between lines.
Determining the directions of lines.
Establishing points location by predetermined angle and distance.
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
GEOMATICS
Geomatics is discipline concerned with measuring ,
collecting, analyzing, processing, presentation
of geographic data and information related to earth
Geomatics includes :
1. Ground Survey (construction Survey)
2. Geometrical Geodesy
3. Physical Geodesy
4. Satellite Geodesy
5. Photogrammetry
6. Remote sensing
7. Geographic Information System GIS
8. Building Information Modelling BIM
9. Hydrographic Survey
10. Underground Utility detection
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
SURVEYING
Mapping
Surveying Surveying Measurement & Maps
Equipment techniques Calculation Profiles
Cross sections
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Tapes
Electronic Distance Measurement
EDM
Prism
Theodolite
Level
Total Station
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS
Global Positioning System GPS
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
PBWS202 Course Outcomes
After completing the course, students should be able to:
• Understand of the principles of surveying with emphasis on
map elements, coordinate systems, and reading of surveying
maps.
• Choose, test, and use level for leveling loops, and profiles.
• Generate contour map and compute volume of cut and fill for
grading area to specific level.
• Collect, document, analyze surveying measurements, and
perform surveying computations for traverse surveys.
• Use total station for digital mapping and setting out.
• Understand the basis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
GNSS with emphasis on GPS.
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Textbooks:
1. Charles D. Ghilani and Paul R. Wolf 2017 “Elementary surveying;
an introduction to geomatics” (Fifteenth edition) Pearson Prentice
Hall New Jersey. ISBN-13: 978-0134604657 ISBN-
10: 0134604652
2. William Irvine and Finlay Maclennan 2006 “Surveying for
Construction” (Fifth edition) McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN-
10: 0077111141 ISBN-13: 978-0077111144
3. Selected materials and articles will be distributed in class.
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
SURVEYING for ENGINEERS
PBWS202
Assessment/Grading Criteria:
• Class Participation and Work Ethics & In class work ==> 7%
of final grade
• Homework Assignments==> 10% of final grade
• Lab Participation and Work Ethics & Laboratory Field
Assignments ==> 10 % of final grade
• Midterm Exam ==> 20% of final grade
• Quizzes and additional work 7% of final grade
• Laboratory exam ==> 6% of final grade
• Final Exam ==>40% of final grade
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Surveying and Mapping Examples
Linear surveying for areas bounded by straight lines
Measure L1, L2, L3 and plot with suitable scale
Survey line
Divide any shape to triangles and measure their sides
For any regular shape
No. of necessary measurements= 2n-3
L4
Where n= no. of sides
n=4
No. of necessary measurements= 2x4-3=5
What is your opinion about measuring Line L6?
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Linear surveying for areas bounded by straight lines
Divide any shape to triangles and measure their sides
For any regular shape
No. of necessary measurements= 2n-3
Where n= no. of sides
n=5
No. of necessary measurements= 2x5-3=7
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Surveying and Mapping Examples
Linear & Angular surveying for areas bounded by straight lines
a3
Measure L1, L2, L3, a1, a2, a3 and plot with
a2
suitable scale a1
We have Three additional measurements Survey line
a4 a3
L4
a2
a1
Number of measurements=2n=8
Number of necessary measurements=2n-3=5
Number of redundancy =3
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
Linear & Angular surveying for areas bounded by straight lines
a4
a3
a5
a2
a1
Number of measurements=2n=10
Number of necessary measurements=2n-3=7
Number of redundancy =3
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Surveying Introduction
CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING
Some Used Formulas
c A
1 B
area of triangle (base)(height )
2
1 1 1
ab sin Cˆ bc sin Aˆ ac sin Bˆ
2 2 2 a
s ( s a )( s b)( s c) b
1
where s (a b c) C
2
Sine Rule
Cosine Rule
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Some Used Formulas
Units of Angles
• Degree System
• 1⁰=60′= 60 minutes
• 1′=60″= 60 seconds
360⁰
• Gradian System
400 gons
• 1gon= 100c =100 centi-gon
• 1c =100cc =100 centi-centi-gon
• Convert 55⁰ 12′ 26″
• 55⁰ 12′ 26″=55.20722
• Grad system: 55.20722/0.9= 61.3414 gon
• 61gon 34c 14cc
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Units , Angles and Areas Conversion
Units of Areas
• 1 hectare = 10000 m2
• 1 km2 = 100 hectares
• 1 Feddan =4200.833 m2 (Egyptian units)
• 1 Feddan=24 Kirate, 1 Kirate =24 Sahm
• Given Area = 30246.75 m2 , find the area in Feddan ,
Kirate and Sahm
30246.75
• Area in Feddan = = 7.20018 𝐹𝑒𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑛
4200.833
• 0.20018 Feddan= 0.20018x24= 4.804286 Kirate
• 0.804285 Kirate = 0.804285 x 24=19.3 Sahm
• Area = 7 Feddan 4 Kirate 19.3 Sahm
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Units , Angles and Areas Conversion
Area of Triangle & Units Conversions
A parcel (piece of land) bounded with three sides is
indicated in the next figure. L1=150.57 m, L2=90.72 m, C
L3=115.24 m.
Find area of parcel in squared meter. Find area also in
Feddan , Kirate , Sahm if 1 feddan =4200.833 m2 & 1
feddan=24 Kirate, 1 Kirate =24 Sahm B
Find position of point D (distance AD) required to divide D
area with ratio 1 to 2 A
Area of parcel
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Area Computation & units conversion
Units Conversion & Distance & Area Computation
•The next figure shows a surveying procedure for determining a horizontal
distance across a lake indirectly. If the measured horizontal distances were;
AB = 352.15 m and AC = 372.28 m, the horizontal angle BAC is 86g18c 60cc.
Compute the distance BC in meters. Also, if the area of lake was estimated at 5
feddans 12 kirats 9 sahms, determine the area of the lake in square meter
Prof. Adel El-Shazly Units Conversion & Distance & Area Computation
