OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

MODEL 245E

Oflxin
ORBAN ASSOCIATES IIMC. 645 BRYANT STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 [415] 957-1067

95005-000-04 COPYRIGHT O BY ORBAN ASSOCIATES INC. 1978,1979 9/79

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

DESCRIPTION 1

INSTALLATION - MECHANICAL 1

INSTALLATION - ELECTRICAL 1

General 1

Power 1

Input 2
Output 2
Grounding 2

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2

PERFORMANCE TEST 3

CO
MAINTENANCE
CO
Preventive Maintenance
Factory Service
st
Replacement of Components on Printed-Circuit Boards
Troubleshooting IC Opamps A

SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS 4

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION (WITH TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS) 5

Signal Processing Circuitry 5

Power Supply 0

APPENDIX A - SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 7

Recording Studios 7
Broadcasting 7
Projection Television 7

APPENDIX B - SPECIFICATIONS 7

APPENDIX C - PARTS LIST 8

ASSEMBLY DRAWING 9

SCHEMATIC 11
 REGISTRATION CARD
The original purchaser should have received a postpaid Registration Card packed
with this manual.

Registration is of because it enables

benefit to you us to tell you of new

applications, possible performance improvements, service aids, etc., which may be

developed over the life of the product. It also provides us with the date of sale so
possible claims under Warranty in the
that we may more promptly respond to

(without having to request a copy of your Bill of Sale or other proof of

future
purchase).

Please fill in the Registration Card and return it to us.

If the Card has become lost or you have purchased the unit used,
Registration
us in an
please photocopy the image of the card reproduced below and send it to
envelope. Use the address shown on the title page.

Serial #
Model #

Name or Title _

Organization

Street

City/State/Country

Zip or Mail Code

City Date of Purchase

Purchased from

Nature of your application

How did you hear about it?

Comments:

Fig. I: REGISTRATION CARD

WARRANTY
The Warranty, which applies only to the first end-user of record, is stated on the
Warranty Certificate on a separate sheet packed with this manual. Save it
for

future reference.

Details on obtaining factory service are provided in Part C.

 SYNTHESIZER
STEREOMODEL 245E

INTRODUCTION Stereo Synthesizer chassis is less than 1

ohm. Sometimes it is necessary to scrape the
You are now the owner of a model 245E Stereo paint from the rack and/or the back of the
Synthesizer. The 245E is one of the many high Stereo Synthesizer front panel to secure a
quality audio processing products good connection. If the Stereo Synthesizer is
manufactured by Orban Associates, Inc., for to be mounted in a non-conducti ve enclosure
the discriminating professional user. like a portable case, the instructions in the
Grounding section (below) should be followed.

DESCRIPTION It is unwise to mount the Stereo Synthesizer

directly over large heat-producing devices
The Orban Stereo Synthesizer processes any like vacuum-tube power amplifiers, because
monophonic sound source into pseudo-stereo component life can be shortened. Ambient
quickly and easily. The pseudo-stereo does temperature should not exceed 50 degrees C
not degrade the quality of the mono when the unit is powered.
recording, and possesses many attributes of
true stereo, such as depth, space,
directionality, stability, and good channel
INSTALLATION: ELECTRICAL
bal ance.

Mono compatibility is assured by the

following facts: General :

The electrical sum of the two output The Stereo Synthesizer is designed to be
1]
channels is proportional to the mono input operated at a nominal line level of +4 dBm,
to the Synthesizer; and
although its very low noise permits operation
at -10 dBm bus levels sometimes found in
broadcast applications. It is unbalanced in
2] The sum of the left and right powers (as
to and out. Therefore, some care must be taken
a function of frequency) is proportional
the power in the mono input. to avoid ground loops. Audio wiring to and
from the Stereo Synthesizer should be made
with two-conductor shielded cable (Belden
[1] means that a listener can recover the
original mono by summing the two stereo 8450, 8451, or equivalent). The shield should
not carry any current, and should be
channels together. This removes many "purist"
objections to pseudo-stereo, since the purist connected to the chassis of either, but
not both of the pieces of equipment it is
can choose freely between pseudo-stereo and ,

the original mono. It also means that mono FM

interconnecting. [Refer to the section on
Grounding below, for more detailed
listeners will hear the original mono source ,

when listening in mono to a stereo FM information.]

station.
All audio connections are made on a Cinch-
means that the acoustical frequency Jones type 140Y terminal strip located on the
[2]
balance of the pseudo-stereo is identical to rear chassis apron. This terminal strip uses
a #5 screw. Terminations can be made by means
the frequency balance of the mono.
of crimp-on insulated spade lugs, or a

fanning strip may be employed if quick

Both [1] and [2] hold for _any adjustments of
connections and disconnections are required.
the Stereo Synthesizer operating controls.

INSTALLATION: MECHANICAL
Power :

The 245E Stereo Synthesizer requires 1 3/4" The Stereo Synthesizer will operate on either
115 volt 60 Hz or 230 volt 50 Hz, AC power.
of rack space in an EIA standard 19" rack. A
mounting position should be chosen which It can be converted from one standard to the

allows the operator to hear a well-balanced other by rearranging the bare wires on the
stereo image from the studio monitor power transformer according to instructions
loudspeakers, since the Stereo Synthesizer is stamped on the power tranformer's insulating
adjusted by ear. cover. It is not necessary to rearrange the
insulated wires. The 1/8 amp slo-blo fuse
The Stereo Synthesizer will usually pick up supplied is sufficient for either voltage.
its chassis ground from the rack; be sure
that the resistance between the rack and the

1
 chassis and ci rcuit ground screws on the
The Stereo Synthesizer is ordinarily shipped
for the power standard in its rear-apron terminal strip may be linked
strapped
country of destination. Units strapped for together.
230 volt operation are shipped with a tag on
the line cord warning of the modification. 2] Each piece of equipment must be
connected to a common circuit ground by one
The captive line cord is equipped with a U.S. and one only path. If more than one path
standard "U-Ground" plug. Users in other exists, ground loops can be formed which
countries may have to use an adapter. We do will induce hum into the system.
not recommend that the grounding prong be
removed from the plug, as this is an Although best practice calls for a separate
important safety feature. Since the chassis ground wire from each piece in the system to
and circuit grounds can be unstrapped at the a central ground point, it is sometimes
rear-panel connector, we foresee no possible, in smaller systems, to break the
circumstances which would require breaking rule regarding termination of the shield wire
the line-cord safety ground connection. at one end only, and to use the shield wire
in a two-conductor shielded cable to provide
the circuit ground connection between two
Input : pieces of equipment. This may be necessary if
the equipment driving and/or driven by the
The input impedance of the Stereo Synthesizer Stereo Synthesizer has balanced outputs or
is 25,000 ohms, unbalanced bridging. The GAIN inputs, since connection of the Stereo
control is located before any active Synthesizer circuit ground to the output or
circuitry; therefore, almost any input level input of such equipment will, by definition,
can be accepted. not result in connecting the circuit grounds
of the two pieces of equipment together.
The white (or red) lead of the input cable
should be connected to the INPUT terminal on The general subject of grounding is complex,
the rear apron of the chassis; the black lead and is beyond the scope of this manual . For
should be connected to circuit ground. The further information, see: [H.M. Tremaine:
shield should be connected to chassis ground, The Audio Cyclopedia ,
Second Edition
and should be terminated on only one side. (Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams and Co., Inc.,
1969), Section 24]. However, if problems are
When the GAIN control is fully clockwise, the encountered, the two rules above should serve
Stereo Synthesizer will produce approximately as useful general guidelines.
8 dB of gain in'- MONO mode. In STEREO mode,
peak gain at certain frequencies will be 14
dB.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Output :

The Stereo Synthesizer output is unbalanced [1] After connecting the Stereo Synthesizer
with a source impedance of approximately 1 to your system (following the installation
ohm, and can drive +20 dBm into 500 ohm or instructions above), move to a point
higher loads. It is not necessary or equidistant between the monitor speakers.
desirable to terminate the outputs with a
resistor if high impedance bridging loads are [2] Introduce mono program to the input of
being driven. the Stereo Synthesizer. Put the mode switch
in MONO. Advance the GAIN control until both
Output connections should be made through channels are peaking about -4 VU (0 dBm) on a
two-conductor shielded cable. The inner standard VU meter. Balance the audio chain
conductors should be connected to the output following the Stereo Synthesizer for equal
and circuit ground terminals; the shield left/right levels. You may test for adequate
should be connected to chassis ground at one monitor balance by making sure that, when the
end only. Stereo Synthesizer is in MONO mode, a well-
defined point-source virtual image is heard
exactly mid-way between the speakers.
Grounding:
T3] Turn the mode switch to STEREO. Turn the
The general rules for grounding are as SEPARATION control to 10. Adjust the two
fol lows : DIMENSION controls in different combinations
until the stereo image seems well-balanced
1] The chassis must be grounded. It can from left to right, and does not "bunch up"
pick up its ground either from the ground to one side. Do not be disturbed if the
prong of the power cord, or from the stereo VU meters in the following audio
enclosure in which it is mounted. If system indicate unbalanced levels; you are
neither provides a ground path, then the adjusting for ps.ychoacoustical balance.

2
With practice, this adjustment will take only PERFORMANCE TEST
a few seconds. For best results, it should be
repeated for each new piece of program
The following tests will verify that the
material. In certain applications, like "in
line" in a broadcast automation system Stereo Synthesizer is operating correctly:
following a bank of mono cartridge
1] Connect a low-distortion sinewave
reproducers, it is not feasible to readjust
the DIMENSION controls for each new piece of oscillator (like the oscillator section of
We have experimented the Sound Technology 1700/1710-series
program material.
extensively, and feel that a good compromise distortion-measuring set) to the input of
setting in such a case is HIGH DIMENSION: the Stereo Synthesizer. Load each Stereo
7.5; LOW DIMENSION: 3.0.
Synthesizer output with a 620 ohm 5% 1/4
watt resistor. Turn the stereo/mono switch
to MONO. Adjust the oscillator output level
[4] Adjust the SEPARATION control for the
and Stereo Synthesizer GAIN control to
amount of separation desired. This control
produce approximately +18 dBm at each
operates such that the stereo sum signal
output. Measure the Total Harmonic
(L+R) remains constant for any setting, and
the stereo difference signal (L-R) is Distortion at 20 Hz, 1 kHz, and 20 kHz. It
increased from zero to a level equal to the should not exceed 0.5% at any frequency,
sum signal as the SEPARATION control is and will typically be 0.1% or below.
advanced from 0 to 10. At "10", the peak
level on each channel increases 6 dB with 2] Remove the oscillator and turn the GAIN
reference to a "0" setting; subjective control to "0". Measured through a 20-
loudness increases 3 dB. As with any stereo 20,000 Hz bandpass filter with 18 dB/octave
program, for a constant peak level in both Butterworth (maximally flat) skirts, the
channels, total perceived loudness decreases noise should not exceed -80 dBm from either
as separation is increased. The highly output channel. Be careful that no hum is
introduced by ground loops in the
competitive FM stereo station may therefore
wish to reduce the setting of the SEPARATION measurement setup.
control in order to sound louder in both
stereo and mono. This provides an interesting 3] Center the DIMENSION controls. Adjust
technique for controlling voice/music the SEPARATION control to "10". Turn the
balance: if the announce microphone (and/or stereo/mono switch to STEREO. Measure the
other voice material) is processed through frequency response of the left and right
the Stereo Synthesizer, its loudness channels (most conveniently done with a
relative to the '-music may be controlled by sweep generator, or with a test set like
SEPARATION the Tektronix 5L4N). The frequency
adjusting the setting of the
responses of the two channels should
control
resemble those shown in fig. (1). Note that
the DIMENSION controls will affect the
Separation, of course, may also be reduced if
the effect sounds exaggerated. Any time that frequencies of the nulls shown in fig. (1).
separation is reduced, the setting of the
GAIN control must be increased to retain If these tests are passed, there is a high

constant peak levels at the Stereo probability that the Stereo Synthesizer is
Synthesizer output. operating properly.

The output of the Stereo Synthesizer can

drive any device requiring standard line
levels and impedances. If gain balance is MAINTENANCE
carefully maintained after the Stereo
Synthesizer, then the following relationships
will hold accurately: Preventive Maintenance :

a] If the Stereo Synthesizer output is The front panel may be cleaned with a mild
recorded on a tape or cartridge recorder household detergent. Stronger solvents should
having substantial time delay or phase be used with great caution, as they may
the two channels, the damage the paint, the silk-screened
shift between
"phasing" sound on the mono sum signal will lettering, and the plastic control knobs.
be greatly reduced on playback.
The interior of the Stereo Synthesizer should
b] lateral cut will be
In disc cutting, the be kept free from dust and dirt, since dirt
the original mono input of the Stereo buildup inside the chassis can cause loss of
cooling and also can result in high-
Synthesizer. Paralleling the channels of a
stereo pickup will result in reproduction resistance short circuits if the dirt absorbs
of the original mono source. moisture from the air. It is particularly
important in a dusty or humid environment
c] In FM stereo broadcasting, mono that the covers be periodically removed and
listeners will hear the original mono the interior of the chassis cleaned.
signal

3
Factory Service : 4] Bend the leads of the replacement
component until it will fit easily into the
If your Stereo Synthesizer should develop appropriate PC board holes. Using a good
problems during its first year of use, please brand of rosin-core solder, solder each
refer to the Orban Associates, Inc. lead to the board with a 30 watt soldering
Standard Warranty for instructions on how to iron. Make sure that the joint is smooth
obtain warranty repairs. The Warranty is on a and shiny.
separate sheet and is not bound with this
manual. After expiration of the warranty, a 5] Cut each lead of the replacement
reasonable charge will be made for parts, component as close as possible to the foil
labor, and packing if you choose to utilize side of the PC board with a pair of
the factory service facility. In all cases, diagonal cutters.
transportation charges (which are usually
quite nominal) shall be borne by the 6] Remove all residual flux with a cotton
customer. swab moistened with a solvent like 1,1,1
trichloroethane ,naptha, or 99% isopropyl
Before returning the Stereo Synthesizer for alcohol. The first two solvents are usually
repair, please write or telephone for available in supermarkets under the brand
instructions, stating the trouble name "Energine" fire-proof spot remover and
experienced. Often a problem can be solved by regular spot remover, respectively. The
consultation, saving you the time and expense alcohol, which is less effective, is
required to return the unit to the factory. usually available in drug stores. Rubbing
alcohol is highly diluted with water and is
In all cases, use the following shipping ineffective.
address to obtain factory service:
It is good policy to make sure that this
ORBAN ASSOCIATES, INC. defluxing operation has actually removed
645 BRYANT STREET the flux and has not just smeared it so
SAN FRANCISCO, CA. 94107 that it is less visible. While rosin flux
is not corrosive, it can slowly absorb
telephone (415) 957-1067 moisture and become sufficiently conductive
to cause progressive deterioration of
performance.
Replacement of Components on Printed Circuit
Boards Troubleshooting IC Opamps :

It is important" to use the correct technique IC opamps are operated such that the
for replacing components mounted on PC
characteristics of their associated circuits
boards. Failure to do so will result in are essentially independent of IC
possible circuit damage and/or intermittent characteri sti cs and dependent only on
problems. Fortunately, the Stereo Synthesizer external feedback components. The feedback
employs an easily-repairable single-sided PC forces the voltage at the (-) input terminal
board. to be extremely close to the voltage at the
Use the following technique to replace a input terminal. Therefore, if the
(+)
component technician measures for than a few mil 1 i vol ts
between these two terminals, the IC is
1] Use a 30 watt soldering iron to melt the probably bad.
solder on the foil side of the PC board. Do
not use a soldering gun or a high-wattage Exceptions are IC's used without feedback (as
iron! As soon as the solder is molten, comparators) and IC's whose outputs have been
vacuum it away with a spring-actuated
saturated due to excessive input voltage
desoldering tool like the Edsyn
because of a defect in an earlier stage.
"Sol dapul It" .Avoid overheating the board; However, if an IC's (+) input is more
overheating will almost surely damage the positive than its (-) input, yet the output
board by causing the conductive foil to of the IC is sitting at -14 volts, this
separate from the board base. Use a pair of almost certainly indicates that it is bad.
fine needle-nose pliers to wiggle the lead The same holds if the above polarities are
hori zontally until it can be observed to
reversed
move freely in the hole.

2] Repeat step (1) until each lead to be SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS

removed has been cleared of solder and
freed If the original packing material is
available, it should be used. Otherwise, a
3] Now lift the component out. carton of at least 200 pounds bursting test
and no smaller than 22" x 15" x 9" should be
empl oyed

4
 The Stereo Synthesizer should be packed so phase shifter is essentially a bridge
that there is at least 1-1/2" of packing circuit. IC2A is used as a differential
material protecting every point. Cushioning amplifier to convert the bridge output from a
material such as Air-Cap, Bubble-Pak, foam floating, differential voltage to a single-
"popcorn", or fibre blankets are acceptable. ended, ground- referenced voltage to drive
Folded newspaper is not suitable. Blanket- following stages.
type materials should be tightly wrapped
around the Stereo Synthesizer and taped in Frequency response at the output of IC2A
place to prevent the unit from shifting out should be flat _+ 1 dB from 20-20,000 Hz.
of its packing and contacting the walls of Substantial deviation from flatness implies a
the carton. failure or severe drift i r one or more of the
components associated with IC2A. Since all of
The carton should be packed evenly and fully the components interact, each component must
with the packing material filling all voids be individually removed and tested with an
such that the unit cannot shift in the impedance bridge to determine the cause of
carton. Test for this by closing but not the problem.
sealing the carton and shaking vigorously. If
the unit can be felt or heard to move, use The output of IC2A drives a single-pole
more packing. adjustable phase shifter consisting of R10-
13, C9, and IC2B. The 90 degree phase shift
3" frequency of this circuit is in the lower
The carton should be well-sealed with
reinforced sealing tape applied across the midrange. The exact 90 degree frequency is
top and bottom of the carton in an "H" adjustable with R15, the LOW DIMENSION
pattern. Narrower or parcel -post type tapes control. Like its predecessor, this circuit
will not stand the stresses applied to is also a bridge. IC2B acts as a differential
commercial shipments. amplifier to convert the output to a ground-
referenced voltage signal.
The package should be marked with the name of
the shipper, and the words in red: DELICATE The output of IC2B drives a final phase
INSTRUMENTS, FRAGILE!. Even so, the freight shifter, consisting of R14-17, CIO, and IC3A.
people will throw the box around as if it The operation of this phase shifter is

were filled with junk. The survival of the fundamentally similar to its predecessor, and
unit depends almost solely on the care taken incorporates the HIGH DIMENSION control
in packing! However, IC3A is also the left channel output
driver amplifier. It has a discrete output
stage to drive 600 ohm loads, and it has an
extra input: the original input signal is
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION (With Troubleshooting added through R18 to the phase shifted
Hi nts) signal. Therefore, the output of IC3A is
actually the phase shifted signal added to
the original signal, yielding the synthesized
Signal Processing Circuitry : left channel. This left channel has a
frequency response consisting of several
The signal enters and is attenuated by Rl, dips. The typical frequency response is shown
the GAIN control. The non-inverting unity- in fig. (1). The depth of the dips is
gain buffer IC1A which follows Rl provides controlled by the SEPARATION control, R2.
light loading for Rl. It also provides low
impedance drive for R2 (the SEPARATION The output of IC3A consists of the phase-
control) and for matrix resistors R18,R23. shifted difference signal plus the inverted
sum signal, since R18 is connected to the (-)
R2 drives a chain of four phase shifters. input of IC3A. The right channel is
These have a frequency response which is synthesized by adding two times the inverted
flat, but a phase response which changes as a sum signal to the inverted left channel. Thus
function of frequency. The phase-shifted the right channel contains two components:
signal produced by these phase shifters
becomes the stereo difference signal (L-R), 1] -2S - (-S) = -S; and
while the original mono signal from the 2] -D
output of IC IB becomes the stereo sum signal
(L+R). Matrixing of the sum and difference where S is the sum (L+R) signal, and D is
signals to provide the left and right the difference (L-R) signal.
channels occurs in the circuitry associated
with IC3, and will be described below. Thus both left and right channels contain -S
(i.e., the Stereo Synthesizer is inverting
R2 (SEPARATION) is an L-R gain control. Its from input-to-output), but both S components
output is buffered by I C IB The output of
. are in-phase with each other. In addition,
IC IB drives a two-pole active phase shifter the left and right channels contain
consisting of R3-9, C7,8, and IC2A. This difference components that are out-of-phase

5
with each other. Mathematically,

L = -S + D The unregulated power supply consists of a

= - power transformer T1 and two full -wave
R -S D
rectifiers Dl-4 with associated energy-
storage capacitors Cl, 2. The unregulated
The -2S component is supplied through R23;
R24 supplies the left channel component. voltage may be expected to vary between 18
and 25 volts depending on line and load
IC3 is frequency-compensated by R19,26, conditions
C11.12 to prevent high frequency
oscillations. Each amplifier in IC3 is Regulated voltage is developed by an IC

followed by a class AB complementary-symmetry voltage regulator IC4 which provides the

permits the necessary 15 volts for the signal
discrete output stage which +_

outputs of the Stereo Synthesizer to drive processing circuitry. The outputs of IC4, a
RC4195DN Dual Regulator (Raytheon
600 ohm loads to peaks of approximately +21
dBm. We will consider the left output stage; Semiconductor) , may be expected to vary from
+ 14.5 to +_ 15.5 volts depending on the
the right output stage is identical.
characteristics of individual IC. The
The output of IC3A is the collector of a PNP absolute values of the two output voltages
transistor. The collector load of this should be within 0.3 volts of each other.
internal transistor consists of diode-
connected transistors Q2,3, and load resistor IC4 has complete internal protection against
R22. The voltage drop across Q2,3 biases Ql,4 short circuits and thermal overload, and will
slightly on at all times, thus forcing class shut down if excessive current demand exists
AB operation to avoid crossover distortion. elsewhere in the circuit. Therefore, absence
Thermal feedback to prevent thermal runaway of regulated voltage does not necessarily
is provided by strapping Q2 to Q1 and Q4 to
mean that IC4 is defective.
Q3.
Normal supply current under no-signal
Ql,4 are emitter followers. R20,21 develop conditions is approximately +_ 22 ma. Typical
voltage drops proportional to the current ripple is 0.7 mv average over a 20-20,000 Hz
through Ql,4. This provides local DC feedback band.
to help stabilize the operating current
IC4 is frequency-compensated by C3,4 to
through Ql,4. In addition, R20,21 work with
D5,6 to provide short-circuit protection. If prevent high frequency oscillations. C3,4
must be low-inductance al uminum
the current through Ql,4 causes a voltage
drop across R20,21 in excess of about 0.55 electrolytics. If C3 or C4 is replaced, do
not use a tantalum or hi gh- inductance
volts, D5,6 will turn on, thus shunting drive
current away from Ql,4 into the load and electrolytic. The former can fail because
protecting Q 1 4 from burnout due to excessive
,
fault current is not limited; the latter can
collector current and power dissipation. fail to suppress high frequency oscillations.

i>

FREQUENCY (HZ)

LEFT CHANNEL STEREO SYNTHESIZER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

RIGHT! CHANNEL TYPICAL CONTROL SETTING

6
APPENDIX A: SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS spectacularly augmented by employing the
Stereo Synthesizer to create pseudo-
stereophonic sound. The Stereo Synthesizer
Recording Studios : is equally applicible to commercial
installations like bars or restaurants, or
to the home.
1] Save tracks by recording strings, horns,
drums, etc. on single tracks and then
spatially expanding them in the mix.
APPENDIX B: SPECIFICATIONS
2] Create stereo depth from intrinsically
mono sources like electronic music
synthesizers, string synthesizers, guitar FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF THE STEREO SUM SIGNAL:
or bass amplifiers, electronic organs, etc. _+1 dB (re mono input)

3] Obtain a stereo echo return from a mono FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF THE SUM OF THE RIGHT
echo chamber, plate, or spring reverb. AND LEFT CHANNEL POWERS:

4] Use one output channel to create phasing +_ 1 dB (re mono power)

effects by manipulating the DIMENSION
controls while signal is being passed.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION [+19 dBm, 20-20,000
5] Create a stereo effect from old mono Hz]: <0. 5%; 0. 1% typ.
master tapes, discs, or even 78's.
<-80 dBm; -
NOISE [Unweighted, 20-20,000 Hz]:
83 dBm typ.
Broadcasting :

AVAILABLE GAIN: approximately 8 dB [ mono] ;

14
1] Create a stereo effect from a mono dB peak [ stereo ]
announce microphone without image shifting
caused by the announcer's moving his head. INPUT: 25,000 ohms, unbalanced bridging
Use the SEPARATION control to determine
voice/music balance. OUTPUT: <10 ohms unbalanced. Will drive >+19
dBm, 20,20,000 Hz into 500 ohms or higher
2] If stereo cart machines are used: Record load impedance.
all mono material through the Stereo
Synthesizer before it is recorded on INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTOR: Type 140-Y barrier
cartridge. The phase cancellations in the strip (#5 screw)
mono mix heard by mono listeners will be
greatly reduced compared to cancellations POWER REQUIREMENTS: 115-230 volt 50-60 Hz AC,
heard when the same mono signal is recorded +_10%, 2 watts
on both tracks. This is because most
frequencies appear unequally on left and Supplied with "U-Ground" grounding-type
right channels; thus most frequencies can't plug to United States standards.
cancel out effectively in mono.

3] If mono cart machines are used: Place MOUNTING: requires 1 3/4" (4.45 cm) of
the Stereo Synthesizer on the output of the vertical space in an EIA standard 19" (48.26
entire bank of machines, using the cm) rack.
compromise adjustment -- LOW DIMENSI0N=3.0;
HIGH D I MENS 1 0N=7 5.
. Mono phase SHIPPING WEIGHT: 7 pounds (3.175 kg)
cancellations will be eliminated enti rely ;
stereo listeners will hear highly effective
pseudo-stereo.

4] Process mono agency spots, network

feeds, and remotes to create a "total
stereo" format.

Projection Television :

The effectiveness of projection television

sound (such as the Advent or General
Electric systems) can be quite

7
 PART LISTINGS
APPENDIX C
REFERENCE DESIGNATOR LISTING

30055-000 ASY MOTHERBOARD * 245E

REF. DES. PART * DESCRIPTION

C001 21224-747 CAP ALUM AXIAL 400 470 MFD

*

C002 21224-747 CAP ALUM AXIAL 400 470 MFD

*

C003 21213-610 CAP ALUM AXIAL 2 50 10 MFD

*

C004 21213-610 CAP ALUM * AXIAL 2 50 10 MFD

COOS 21106-350 CAP CERAMIC r 20% 250* .05 MFD*

C006 21106-350 CAP CERAMIC * 20 % 250* .05 MFD

C007 21502-262 CAP POLYSTYRENE 5X* 1600 * .0062 MFD *

COOS 21409-347 CAP POLYESTER AXIAL* 800, 5%, .047 MFD

C009 21401-347 CAP POLYESTER RAD 1000* 10X* .047 MFD ,

C010 21401-247 CAP POLYESTER RAD 1000* 10X* .0047 MFD*

C011 21401-322 CAP POLYESTER RAD 1000* 10X* .022 MFD

* *

C012 21401-322 CAP POLYESTER RAD 1000* 10X* .022 MFD

* *

CR001 22201-400 DIO RECTIFIER, 1A* MOTOROLA 1N4004

CR002 22201-400 DIO RECTIFIER* 1A* MOTOROLA 1N4004
CR003 22201-400 DIO RECTIFIER* 1A* MOTOROLA 1N4004
CR004 22201-400 DIO RECTIFIER* 1A* MOTOROLA 1N4004
CR005 22101-000 DIO SIGNAL* FAIRCHILD 1N4148
CR006 22101-000 DIO SIGNAL* FAIRCHILD 1N4148
CR007 22101-000 DIO SIGNAL* FAIRCHILD 1N4148
CR008 22101-000 DIO SIGNAL* FAIRCHILD 1N4148
IC001 24202-202 IC LIN* DUAL OF'AMP RAYTHEON RC4558NB
*

1C002 24202-202 IC LIN* DUAL OF'AMF RAYTHEON RC4558NB

*

IC003 24201-302 IC LIN* DUAL OPAMF FAIRCHILD F749C GD.

*

IC004 24302-201 IC P S
. REGULATOR* RAYTHEON RC4195DN
Q001 23202-101 TRA SIG* NPN* FAIRCHILD 2N4400
Q002 . 23202-101 TRA SIG* NPN FAIRCHILD 2N4400
*

0003 23002-101 TRA SIG* F'NP FAIRCHILD 2N4402

*

Q004 23002-101 TRA SIG* PNP * FAIRCHILD 2N4402

0005 23202-101 TRA SIG* NPN* FAIRCHILD 2N4400
0006 23202-101 TRA SIG* NPN* FAIRCHILD 2N4400
0007 23002-101 TRA SIG* PNP * FAIRCHILD 2N4402
0008 23002-101 TRA SIG* PNP* FAIRCHILD 2N4402
R003 20041-121 RES MF* 1/8W 1% * 1.21K
R004 20041-453 RES MF* 1/8W* 1% 4 53K .

R005 20042-332 RES MF* 1/8W IX* 33. 2K

R006 20043-127 RES MF* 1/8LI IX
* 127 , OK
R007 20001-327 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 27K
R008 20001-420 RES CF* 1/4W * 5X 200K
R009 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 30K
R012 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 30K
R01 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 30K
R016 20001-310 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 10K
R01 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W * 5X 30K
R0.18 20001-315 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 15K
R0.19 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4W * 5X 15 OHM
R020 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4U* 5X 15 OHM
R021 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 15 OHM
R022 20001-247 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 4.7K
R023 20001-275 RES CF* 1/4W 5X
* 7.5K
R024 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 30K
R02S 20001-330 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 30K
R026 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 15 OHM
R027 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 15 OHM
R028 20001-015 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 15 OHM
R029 20001-247 RES CF* 1/4W* 5X 4.7K
R030 20001-510 H L. Cl* 1/4UI* 5X 1 M

8
 Z
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ASSEMBLY DRAWING, MOTHERBOARD

MODEL 245 E STEREO SYNTHESIZER

30055-000-05

COPYRIGHT ©BY ORBAN ASSOCIATES INC. 1977, 1979

9
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cevice W - RESISTORS DESIGNATED ‘mf'ape RN55D STYLE - '/e W 1%,

4558 8 4_ ALLOTHEBS AI?E CA?&oN FILM, */4 W S%
749C 14 7 - TWIS DESIGN IS PATENTED U.S. 3U70)Ofc , U.K. \2t4t59
.*
, CAN. 9oo064,OTHE^> FENDING

ORSAN
STEREO SYNTHESIZER 245E
©1977, Orban Associates Inc, San Francisco DOC. CO OOb - OOO- Od.