Lecture 10
NUR1201 Creative and CriticalThinking
1
Learning Objective
To enrich students’ creativity by
introducing various creative thinking
techniques
Upon completion of the course NUR1201, students will be
able to:
(a) define different critical thinking techniques;
(b) describe different principles, theories and processes in
creative thinking;
(c) evaluate different approaches for solving problems; and
(d) devise appropriate creative solutions to problems.
Cultivating your Creative Attitude
The basis of Creativity-
Principles, Theories and Processes in creative thinking (Lecture 8)
Creative Thinking SKILLs:
1) The heuristic of creative thinking (Lecture 9)
2) Lateral thinking (Lecture 11)
Creative Thinking TOOLs:
1) Six thinking hats (Lecture 10)
2) Mind map (Lecture 12)
3) The CoRT method (Lecture 12)
https://www.chinatimes.com/hottopic/20181225001804-260806?chdtv
https://disp.cc/b/203-aoKn
5
• Dr. Edward deBono (1933-2021)
• Six coloured hats are aligned with
Sixdirections for thinking
六頂不同顏⾊的帽⼦，
指涉著六種不同思考⽅向
6
Why do we need the hats?
• used to define different thinking roles
(六頂不同顏⾊的帽⼦定義做不同的⾓⾊/ 任務)
• You can wear and take off your hat very quickly.
That’s why this method encourages users to use all
types of thinking
(帽⼦很容易戴上和很容易能除下來，⽤以⿎勵我們
使⽤不同類型的思考模式)
• Six Thinking Hats is an attention directing tool
(引 導注意⼒的⼯具)
8
Imagine:
your teammates and you are going to deal with a project/ issue
• Everyone wears the same-color hat at the same time
(同⼀時間想像⾃⼰帶上同⼀顏⾊的帽⼦，進⾏思考)
• Then everyone changes their hats at the same time
(之後再所有組員⼀起換另⼀顏⾊的帽⼦)
• Eventually, everyone should have already worn all 6
colored hats, perhaps except the Blue Hat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9s6-c2aYQVU
• (最後理應 所有⼈也穿過六頂顏⾊的帽⼦⾄少有過⼀次， 9
藍⾊可能是例外)
Case study
for
Illustration
When you are wearing the ??? coloured hat,
what questions will you ask in designing a new restaurant?
• At this moment, there is only one canteen in
Tung Wah College (TWC)
4/F, King’s Park Campus
• However, there is NO canteen in Mong Kok
Campus or Kwai Hing Campus
• Task: You are required to evaluate whether you
should open a new Canteen forTWC in Kwai
Hing Campus
• Let’s use some of the creative tools and
skills taught in our course to think about it
1
1
1
2
1.1 Blue Hat (藍帽) - The Special Hat
The “ Organizing/ Management Hat”
(“組織帽” / “管理帽”)
• The blue hat controls the process of using
other hats 7
(藍帽管理如何使⽤另外五頂帽⼦)
• So, we can (but not a must) assign a single
person in our team to wear blue hat in the
whole process (我們可以指定⼩組當中的
⼀⼈去戴上藍帽) https://tw.nextmgz.com/realtimenews/news/406370
In a meeting/discussion
• At the beginning, the blue-hat facilitator (藍帽協調者) is
responsible for leading the group to define the purpose of
the discussion and its focus
(負責引領⼩ 組其他成員定義討論的⽬的和需要集中研究的
事項)
• During the discussion, the blue hat is used for setting
sequence of hats for the discussion (安排組員們戴上不同的
帽⼦的次序), and keeping the group on track (確保⼩組討論
沒有離題)
• At the end, the blue hat gathers the information, feelings, and
ideas that have been generated (讓我們整理所有已有的資訊，
感覺 ，情感，態度，觀念)
case1.1 Blue Hat (藍帽)
When you are wearing the blue hat , what questions will you ask in
designing a new restaurant?
• Step 1: Set the purpose of
the meeting (BlueHat)
• Aim: Whether you should
start a new Canteen for
TWC in Kwai Hing Campus
https://tw.nextmgz.com/realtimenews/news/406370
10
1.2 White Hat (⽩帽)
The “Information Hat” (“ 資訊帽 ” )
• All Kinds of information include
(1) hard or factual information, which can be
verified
(包括任何事實性資訊， 可以 “Fact Check” 的
“ 硬資訊”)
(2) soft information, such as rumors and https://
blog.xuite.net/
d1n22ek4/blog/
494583839
personal experience 16
(包括⼀些流⾔和個⼈經驗的“軟資訊”)
• The white hat is an “objective” hat
( “客觀”的帽⼦)
• gathering information that can be used
as evidence for making decision
(幫助我們找查資訊作為證據⽽作決
定)
case1.2 White Hat (⽩帽)
When you are wearing the white hat, what questions will you ask in
designing a new restaurant?
Key questions associated with the white hat include：
• What do we know? (有甚麼資訊)
• How do we know it? (如何能夠知道這些資訊)
• What do we want or need to know?
(想要/需要知道甚麼我們仍未知道的資訊)
• Where can we get the required information? https://
blog.xuite.net/
d1n22ek4/blog/
(那兒可以獲得需要 的資訊) 494583839
18
• How trustworthy (可信) is the information we have?
case1.2. White Hat (⽩帽)
• Step 2: Present the facts of
the case (White Hat)
https://perthseaside.weebly.com/mind-map.html
13
case1.2.
White
Hat (⽩帽)
20
case1.2. White Hat (⽩帽)
• Step 2: Present the facts of
the case (White Hat)
21
1.3 Green Hat (綠帽)
The “ Creative Thinking Hat” (“創意思考帽”)
• The green hat give us the permission to think
of new and fresh ideas ( 嶄 新 的 觀 念 ),
alternatives, and new possibilities (替代選項
及可能性)
• Under the green hat, we make our creative
thinking more explicit and more focused
(盡⼒把我們腦中的創意觀念⽤清楚 的⽅法表達 22
https://www.discuss.com.hk/viewthread.php?
tid=26067118&page=1&pid=447468701
出來)
•Green-hat thinking also prevents us to judge
too quickly
(避免我們太快下決定)
i.e. This solution is good. But what if there
could still be a better alternative?
1.3 Green Hat (綠帽)
• When you wear the green hat, you can use
the “Heuristic of Creativity” (Lecture 9) or
“Lateral Thinking Techniques” (Lecture 11) to
construct creative ideas
• (可使⽤課堂 (Lec 9，10) 學習到的 “創意啟
發法” 和 “橫向思考法“)
When you are wearing the green hat, what questions will
you ask in designing a new restaurant?
https://www.discuss.com.hk/viewthread.php?
17 tid=26067118&page=1&pid=447468701
1.3.1 Challenge (accepted ways of operating) 挑戰 (已有運作模式)
[Lec 11] “Lateral Thinking Technique” (橫向思考法技巧“)
Current Ways of Operation:
(i) College Canteens are typically considered to be cheap and
not very delicious
(ii) There are already many restaurants in Kwai Hing
Questions:
(1) Could we cut them without altering anything else
(我們能否取消這種措施)？
(2) Why is it done in this way (為甚麼⼀定要這樣做)?
(3) Are there any alternatives (有沒有替代的運作模式)？
i.e. Can we think of an alternative that is very different
from (i) &
(ii) - i.e. So this gives us a unique reason to do it
25
e.g. Different kinds of restaurant or canteen
1.3.2 Focus (焦點集中)
[Lec 11] “Lateral Thinking Technique”
(橫向思考 法技巧“)
• Focusing on areas that no one else will
bother to think about (試在事情當中的⼀個
範圍去集中你的焦點去思考，特別是那些
可能沒有太多⼈留意的範圍)
• The first person who thinks of the idea is
“genius” (天才). The people who think of the
same idea afterward is “follow suit” (跟風) https://www.pttweb.cc/bbs/C_Chat/M.1576274986.A.CF3
26
1.3.2 Focus (焦點集中)
https://www.hk01.com/熱爆話題/678387/打⼯仔列4⼤原因怨-葵涌是最垃圾返⼯地點-網⺠反駁-唔識嘢
27
https://jump.mingpao.com/career-
news/daily-news/dse考⽣⼈數創新低-
東華收⽣909名-反應踴躍/ TWC & Focus!
28
1.3.3 Analogy (類比)
[Lec 9] “Heuristic
of Creativity” (創意啟
發法)
• By comparing X
with Y we can
consider whether
special features of
Y might have https://www.facebook.com/MomentsInWoods/photos/a.525700224901320/1094954334642570/?type=3
29
analogues inX
1.3.3 Analogy (類比)
[Lec 9] “Heuristic
of Creativity” (創意啟
發法)
• By comparing X
with Y we can
consider whether
special featuresof
Y might have
30
analogues in X
1.3.3 Analogy (類比)
[Lec 9] “Heuristic
of Creativity” (創意啟
發法)
• By comparing X
with Y we can
consider whether
special featuresof
Y might have https://thepolysh.com/blog/2017/05/21/segev-kitchen-garden/
24
analogues in X
1.3.3 Analogy (類比)
[Lec 9] “Heuristic
of Creativity” (創意啟
發法)
• By comparing X
with Y we can
consider whether https://
www.adaymag.com/
special featuresof 2019/12/23/jomo-
kitchen-health-
hub.html
Y might have https://hkuspace.hku.hk/cht/news/detail/new-preventive-soup-pack-
25 promotion-and-chinese-medicine-decoction-service
analogues in X
1.4 Yellow Hat (黃帽)
The “Positive Hat” (“ 正⾯帽” ／ “ 正向帽 ”)
The complementary partner of black hat (和⿊帽互補)
When we wear the Yellow Hat, we focus on
(1) ”Positives” (i.e the potential benefits and values) of an idea or )
proposal when we wear the yellow hat (多注意觀念或計劃的正⾯部
分，包括其好處和價值
(2) The “best-case scenarios” of implementing the project (實施這計
劃的“最好 可能情況” )
(3) We also consider “feasibility” ( 可 ⾏ 性 ) (i.e the likelihood that
an idea might work or actually be capable of being implemented 能
否被有效地實踐出來)
When you are wearing the yellow hat , what questions will you ask in
designing a new restaurant?
1.5 Black Hat (⿊帽)
The “Judgment/Negative Hat” (“判斷帽” ／ “負⾯帽”)
The complementary partner of yellow hat (和黃帽互補)
When we wear the Black Hat, we look for
(1) the “negative” side (“負⾯”部分) and the “Dangers” (“危險”部分)
of an idea or project
Could even include the logical fallacy (邏輯謬誤) and the fault
of arguments that you learn in Critical Thinking!
• (2) The “worst-case scenarios” that might result from implementing
it (實施這計劃的“最壞可能情況”)
• We need Black Hat to avoid making mistakes (避免犯錯)!
27
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fex0rX1Imk4
When you are wearing the black hat , what questions will you ask in
designing a new restaurant?
1.6 Red Hat (紅帽)
28
1.6 Red Hat (紅帽)
The “Emotion/ Feeling Hat ” (“感情帽 ” ／“感覺帽 ” )
• Our feelings, emotion & intuition often plays a
significant role in our thinking
(我們的感情，感覺和直覺很多時侯也在思考當中扮
演⼀個重要⾓⾊)
• But since we we tend either to overlook or deny (漠視
或否認) their roles, the red hat gives our feelings a
place in the discussion (重視這⼀⽅⾯的思考 )
29
Under the red hat, we say things like
•I don’t like this suggestion (我不喜歡這個提議)
•This idea makes me nervous (焦慮)
•I am very excited (有興趣) by this idea
•I am confused (感到迷惑) about what we are considering
1.6 Red Hat (紅帽)
• no need to explain or justify our expressions of feeling and intuition
(我們並沒有需要解釋或證立對我 們情感和直覺的表達)
• we simply acknowledge and recognize them, and move on
(反⽽，戴上紅帽是為了讓我們承認我們思考當中的感受和情感)
• Advantages
(1) We don’t need to be affected by our emotion and feeling when we
wear Yellow, Black or White Hat. Leave them to Red Hat
(2): If we feel bad about the idea when we wear the Red Hat, it may
urge us to wear to Black or White Hat again to make sure that we
didn’tmiss anything
38
When you are wearing the red hat , what questions will you ask in
designing a new restaurant?
1.7 Combining all 6 hats together
There is no unified way or order (沒有統⼀⽅法或
順序) to use 6 thinking hats
But the following is a typical way to use 6 thinking hats:
• Step 1: Set the purpose of the meeting (Blue Hat)
• Step 2: Present the facts of the case (White Hat)
• Step 3: Generate ideas on how the case could be handled (Green Hat)
• Step 4: Evaluate the merits of the ideas - List the benefits (Yellow Hat)
• Step 5: List the drawbacks of ideas (Black Hat)
• Step 6: Get everybody's gut feeling about the alternatives (Red Hat)
• Step 7: Summarize and adjourn the meeting (Blue Hat)
https://kknews.cc/news/ybbzlmn.html
39
1.7 Combining all 6 hats together
40
Summary
6 Thinking Hats:
1) Blue Hat (藍帽) (Organizing/ Management Hat)
2) White Hat (⽩帽)(Information Hat)
3) Green Hat (綠帽) (Creative thinking Hat)
4) Yellow Hat (黃帽) (Positive Hat)
5) Black Hat (⿊帽)(Judgment/ Negative Hat)
6) Red Hat (紅帽) (Emotion/ Feeling Hat)
References
• DiYanni, R. (2015). The Pearson Guide to Critical and Creative
Thinking (1st ed.). Pearson
• MindTools. Retrieved March, 2017, from https://www.mindtools.com/
pages/article/newISS_01.htm
42
