SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Tuesday, March 18, 2025

Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
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SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
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SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
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SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Printed For: Ayush Kumar, Dr. RML National Law University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
© 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
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