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Pearson Edexcel
Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)

Wednesday 10 June 2020

Morning (Time: 1 hour 10 minutes) Paper Reference 1SC0/2CF

Combined Science
Paper 5
Foundation Tier
You must have: Total Marks
Calculator, ruler

Instructions
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• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Any diagrams maybeNOT
Calculators may used.
• You must show all yourbeworking
accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• at the end of your solution. out with your answer clearly identified
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• to questions
In marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability
structure your answer logically showing how the points that you make are
related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
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• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
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• your answers if you have time at the end.
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*P62098A0124*
P62098A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/
 Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 (a) The two most common gases in today’s atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen.
(i) What is the third most common gas in today’s atmosphere?
(1)
A argon
B butane
C chlorine
D hydrogen

(ii) What is the percentage of oxygen in today’s atmosphere?

(1)
A  0.04
B  1
C 21
D 78

(b) Give the name of the most common gas in the Earth’s early atmosphere.
(1)

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(c) This early atmosphere was hot and contained water vapour.
The atmosphere today contains less water vapour.
Explain what caused the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere to decrease.
(2)

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*P62098A0224*
 (d) The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be measured
in parts per million (ppm).
Figure 1 shows the measurements in January 2018 and January 2019.

concentration of
carbon dioxide in ppm

January 2018 407.96

January 2019 410.83

Figure 1

(i) Calculate the increase in the concentration, in ppm, of carbon dioxide from
January 2018 to January 2019.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
(2)

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increase in concentration of carbon dioxide = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ppm

(ii) Give a possible cause for this increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide.
(1)

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(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)

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*P62098A0324* Turn over
 BLANK PAGE

4
*P62098A0424*
2 (a) A student investigated the reaction between potassium iodide and lead nitrate.
(i) Solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate were mixed together.
Lead iodide and potassium nitrate were formed.
Complete the word equation.
(2)

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+ → +
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. ............................................................. ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The student recorded the total mass of the reactants and the total mass of the
products.
The results are shown in Figure 2.

reactants products

total mass in g 21.7 21.7

Figure 2

State how the results in Figure 2 show that mass is conserved in this reaction.
(1)

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*P62098A0524* Turn over
 (b) In another experiment, a student investigated the temperature decrease when
different amounts of ammonium nitrate crystals were dissolved in 100 cm3 of water.
The apparatus used is shown in Figure 3.

thermometer

beaker
polystyrene
cup

Figure 3

The student used the following method.

step 1 pour 100 cm3 of water into the polystyrene cup

step 2 add one spatula of ammonium nitrate crystals to the water
step 3 stir the mixture

step 4 use the thermometer to record the lowest temperature reached by the mixture

step 5 repeat steps 1 to 4 using different amounts of ammonium nitrate

(i) Name a piece of apparatus that should be used to measure the 100 cm3 of water
in step 1.
(1)

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(ii) The student cannot work out the temperature decrease using the method described.
State what the student must do before step 2 to be able to work out the
temperature decrease.
(1)

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(iii) State why a polystyrene cup is used in this experiment.

(1)

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6
*P62098A0624*
 (iv) Figure 4 shows the reaction profile for this reaction.
Use the words from the box to complete the labels on Figure 4.

activation energy products reactants

(2)

heat energy

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.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

progress of reaction

Figure 4

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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*P62098A0724* Turn over
 BLANK PAGE

8
*P62098A0824*
3 Chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in group 7 of the periodic table.
(a) Chlorine is toxic.
State one safety precaution that should be taken when using chlorine in the laboratory.
(1)

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(b) Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride.

(i) Write the word equation for this reaction.
(1)

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(ii) Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

State what is seen when blue litmus paper is placed into this solution.
(1)

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(iii) A chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outer shell.

A hydrogen atom has one electron in its outer shell.
Complete the dot and cross diagram of a molecule of hydrogen chloride.
Show outer shell electrons only.
(1)

H Cl

(iv) Name the type of bonding in a molecule of hydrogen chloride.

(1)

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*P62098A0924* Turn over
 (c) If chlorine solution is added to sodium bromide solution a reaction occurs.

chlorine + sodium bromide → sodium chloride + bromine

Give a reason why this reaction occurs.

(1)

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(d) Figure 5 shows apparatus used to find out if a solution conducts electricity.
d.c.
supply
lamp

inert inert
electrode electrode

solution
investigated

Figure 5

Glucose solution and sodium chloride solution are tested.

Glucose is a typical simple molecular covalent compound.
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

(i) State what would happen to the lamp when glucose solution is tested.
(1)

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(ii) State what would happen to the lamp when sodium chloride solution is tested.
(1)

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10
*P62098A01024*
 (e) Figure 6 shows how the conductivity of one solution changes as its concentration
increases.

increasing
conductivity

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

concentration of solution in g dm–3

Figure 6

Describe how the conductivity of this solution changes as its concentration

increases from 0 to 500 g dm–3.
(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

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*P62098A01124* Turn over
4 (a) Methane is a hydrocarbon fuel.
(i) Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of methane in
oxygen.
(2)

methane + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... → water + ................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The incomplete combustion of methane can produce carbon and

carbon monoxide.
Give the reason why carbon and carbon monoxide are produced in the
incomplete combustion of methane.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons.

Crude oil can be separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
Figure 7 shows a fractional distillation column and the fractions produced when
crude oil is distilled.

fraction
gases

petrol

kerosene

diesel oil

crude oil fuel oil

bitumen

Figure 7

(i) Name the fraction in Figure 7 that is used to surface roads.

(1)

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12
*P62098A01224*
 (ii) Name the fraction in Figure 7 that contains hydrocarbons with the lowest
boiling point.
(1)

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(c) When crude oil is fractionally distilled, the demand for some fractions is more
than the amount produced.
Figure 8 shows the relative amounts of each fraction in a crude oil and the
relative demand for each of these fractions.

fraction relative amount relative demand

gases 2 6

petrol 12 29

kerosene 16 11

diesel oil 24 29

fuel oil 37 21

bitumen 9 4

Figure 8

Which of the following shows the fractions where the relative demand is greater
than the relative amount in the crude oil?
(1)
A kerosene, diesel oil, bitumen
B gases, petrol, diesel oil
C gases, petrol, kerosene
D petrol, diesel oil, fuel oil

13
*P62098A01324* Turn over
 (d) Cracking involves the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller
hydrocarbon molecules.
(i) Octane, C8H18 , can be cracked to produce one molecule of ethene, C2H4 , and
one molecule of CxH14.

C8H18 → C2H4 + CxH14

Determine the value of x in the molecule of CxH14 .

(1)

x = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Dodecane is a large hydrocarbon molecule.

When one molecule of dodecane is cracked the products are one molecule of
octane and one molecule of butene.

dodecane → octane + butene

Calculate the maximum mass of octane that could be produced when

340 g of dodecane is cracked in this reaction.
(relative formula masses: dodecane = 170, octane = 114)
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mass of octane = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)

14
*P62098A01424*
 BLANK PAGE

15
*P62098A01524* Turn over
5 (a) An atom of potassium has atomic number 19 and mass number 39.
(i) Give the electronic configuration of this potassium atom.
(1)

.......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) This potassium atom forms the ion K+.

Which row shows the number of protons and the number of neutrons in this
potassium ion, K+?
(1)

number of protons number of neutrons

A 19 19

B 19 20

C 20 19

D 20 20

(b) Potassium and caesium are in the same group of the periodic table.
Explain, in terms of electrons, why potassium and caesium are in the same group.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Fluorine boils at –188 °C.

There are forces between fluorine molecules.
Explain, in terms of these forces, why the boiling point of fluorine is low.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P62098A01624*
 (d) Potassium reacts with fluorine to form potassium fluoride.
Potassium fluoride is a solid.
Complete the balanced equation for this reaction and add the state symbols.
(3)

................. K (........... ) + F2 (g) → ................. KF (........... )

(e) What are the elements in group 1 of the periodic table called?
. (1)
A alkali metals
B fullerenes
C halogens
D noble gases

(f ) Figure 9 shows the melting points and boiling points of elements in group 7 of
the periodic table.

temperature 350
melting
in °C
300 point

250 boiling
point
200
150
100
50
room
0 temperature

–50
–100
–150
chlorine bromine iodine astatine
Figure 9

(i) Give, using Figure 9, the boiling point of bromine.

(1)

boiling point of bromine = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C

(ii) State which two elements from Figure 9 are solids at room temperature.
(1)

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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

17
*P62098A01724* Turn over
6 (a) Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas.
The rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid at
room temperature was investigated.
(i) The investigation was carried out with different sized calcium carbonate pieces.
The mass of calcium carbonate and all other conditions were kept the same.
The results are shown in Figure 10.

size of calcium carbonate volume of carbon dioxide gas

pieces used produced in five minutes in cm3

large 16

small 48

powder 90

Figure 10

State, using the information in Figure 10, the effect of the surface area of the
calcium carbonate on the rate of this reaction.
(1)

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(ii) The calcium carbonate powder produced 90 cm3 of carbon dioxide in

five minutes.
Calculate the average rate of reaction in cm3 s–1.
(3)

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average rate of reaction = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3 s–1

18
*P62098A01824*
 (iii) The experiments were repeated at a higher temperature.
The rate of reaction for each experiment increased.
Explain, in terms of particles, why the rate of reaction increased when the
temperature was increased.
(3)

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19
*P62098A01924* Turn over
 *(b) Zinc metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.

zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen

A student investigated the effect of doubling the concentration of the

hydrochloric acid on this reaction.

The student made the following prediction.

When the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is doubled the rate of

reaction will double and the reaction will be more exothermic.

Devise a plan, including the apparatus you would use, to test the student’s
prediction.

You are provided with pieces of zinc and two bottles of dilute hydrochloric acid.
One bottle of hydrochloric acid is double the concentration of the other.
(6)

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20
*P62098A02024*
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

21
*P62098A02124*
 BLANK PAGE

22
*P62098A02224*
 BLANK PAGE

23
*P62098A02324*
 24
The periodic table of the elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 4
H He
hydrogen helium

Key 1 2

7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 atomic (proton) number 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 [98] 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 [209] [210] [222]

*P62098A02424*
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium lanthanum hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

* The elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 are omitted from this part of the periodic table.

The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.