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TCIS IGCSE GR 10 MAY Practice Sheet All Subjects Combined

The document is an insert for the Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Paper 1 Reading exam, containing reading texts and instructions for answering questions. It includes three texts about snakes, their ecological importance, and a personal experience in a rainforest. The insert emphasizes the need for understanding and conservation of snakes, as well as the challenges they face due to human misconceptions and environmental threats.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

24 views224 pages

TCIS IGCSE GR 10 MAY Practice Sheet All Subjects Combined

Uploaded by

swaritbodke27

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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™

Cambridge IGCSE

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0500/13

Paper 1 Reading May/June 2022
INSERT 2 hours

INFORMATION
• This insert contains the reading texts.
*3331642223-I*

• You may annotate this insert and use the blank spaces for planning. Do not write your answers on the
insert.

This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

06_0500_13_2022_1.9
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
2

Read Text A, and then answer Questions 1(a)–1(e) on the question paper.

Text A: About snakes

There are more than 3000 species of snakes on the planet. They’re found everywhere
except in Antarctica, Iceland, Ireland, Greenland, and New Zealand. About 600 species
are venomous, and only about seven per cent are able to kill or significantly wound a
human.

Most snakes live on land, but there are about 70 species that live in oceans. Sea snakes 5
and their cousins, kraits, are some of the most venomous snakes that exist, but they
pose little threat to humans because they’re shy and their fangs are too short to do
much damage.

Almost all snakes are covered in protective scales. They’re reptiles, so are cold-blooded
and must regulate their body temperature externally. Scales serve several purposes: 10
in arid climates they trap moisture and reduce friction as the snake moves.

Snakes also have forked tongues, which they flick in different directions to smell their
surroundings. That lets them know when danger—or food—is nearby.

Snakes have several other ways to detect a snack. Openings called pit holes in front
of their eyes sense the heat given off by warm-blooded prey. Bones in their lower jaws 15
pick up vibrations from rodents and other scurrying animals. When they do capture
prey, snakes can eat animals up to three times bigger than their head is wide because
their lower jaws unhinge from their upper jaws. Once in a snake’s mouth, the prey is
held in place by teeth that face inward, trapping it there.

Not quite as photogenic as pandas or polar bears, we hear much less about endangered 20
snakes than we do some other animals. But despite their remarkable evolutionary
adaptability, some snakes suffer the same fate as the more well-publicised species that
are considered endangered. Snakes aren’t hunted in great numbers and many live
without fear of predation, which generally leads conservationists to blame their decline
on environmental factors, mainly habitat destruction and climate change. Some snakes 25
are already extinct, more are critically endangered, including a number of sea snakes.
One theory claims changes in sea water temperatures may be a factor, but more
investigation is required.

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

Read Text B, and then answer Question 1(f) on the question paper.

Text B: Teaching people to hate snakes is a disaster for ecology

Did you know it’s World Snake Day on 16th July? We invite you to slither on down to
join the party, meet our snake experts and enjoy lots of fun snake-themed activities.

Humans often fear what they don’t understand. To most, snakes are a mystery. Snakes
rely on their ability to avoid detection, so we rarely see them. This leads to a void of
direct knowledge that’s filled by myth and media – portraying snakes as cold-blooded 5
killers and focusing on how dangerous some can be. Our aim is to tip the scales (excuse
the pun), educate and encourage guests to confront their fears.

During the event, there’ll be Zoo Chats – guests can get up close to, even touch, several
snake species. At 10:30 am, guests can watch the zoo’s largest snake resident – a
reticulated python – being weighed and measured. At midday, guests can venture over 10
to The Swamp to see and learn about recently hatched Grey-banded Kingsnake and
Jamaican Boa babies.

Though threatened by many of the same issues affecting other wildlife, including habitat
loss, climate change and disease, negative attitudes impeding efforts to address other
threats may be the biggest barrier to snake conservation. 15

In the United States, for example, public outcry based on fear and misinformation
recently halted a scientifically sound conservation plan for timber rattlesnakes. Another
project at the same location that involved releasing eagles was embraced by the
community. Rattlesnakes are no less important than eagles. In fact, they may help
reduce the incidence of Lyme disease, which affects thousands of people each year, 20
by reducing the number of rodents that harbour this disease. But emotions override
facts, it seems, where snakes are concerned.

Snakes play an integral role in maintaining balance in the ecosystem – in most

ecosystems on earth, snakes can be both predator and prey. When a large
prey-population attracts and sustains a large snake population, those snakes become 25
prey for birds, mammals and even other snakes! As predators, snakes keep
prey-populations in balance. Snakes provide an easy, environmentally friendly, free
and natural pest-control service.

But snakes are worth saving not because of what they can do for us, but because of
who they are. Snakes share many behaviours with us, behaviours we value. They have 30
friends. They take care of their kids and even their friends’ kids too.

Want to help us change how people view and treat snakes? Visit the World Snake Day
website.

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

Read Text C, and then answer Questions 2(a)–(d) and Question 3 on the question paper.

Text C: Rainforest tales

The writer of this online article is reviewing his guided visit around the Kalinga Centre for Rainforest
Ecology (KCRE). Located near Agumbe, the five-acre site is nestled in the heart of the rainforest,
in the Western Ghats mountain range.

The weather had been pleasant when we’d started off, but Agumbe, true to reputation,
welcomed us with a sudden downpour from nowhere. Visibility was low.

Though the camp site is equipped with solar power, we’d been told to carry fully charged
batteries for our cameras and torches. Telephone and internet connectivity is intermittent.
The closest hospital and pharmacy are 24km away. Huffing and puffing with our bags 5
and gear, we scrambled gratefully down the three flights of rocky steps added recently
to cater for less-experienced trekkers. At the bottom, we were greeted by a snoozing
Common Vine Snake, so inconspicuous that it took me quite some time of bobbing my
head to spot it. I still cherish that precise moment when I saw my first snake in the wild,
perfectly poised on its luxurious bed of green. I knew I would never behold snakes the 10
same way again.

After a sumptuous breakfast from our local host-family, we were keen and ready for
our first official rainforest walk. In the dining hall (also used for discussions and briefings)
our local guide handed me ugly brown socks that would be my saviours (though not a
100 per cent guarantee) from the leeches, reminding everyone this was not a tourist 15
resort. We needed to take care of our own belongings and ensure we kept electronic
equipment dry.

Three hours later, returning from the trek, I felt bubbles of amazement and wonder
rising. I’d seen gliding lizards fly effortlessly between trees, intricate dragonflies of infinite
varieties and delicately etched, golden frogs. The overcast sky, saturated to the brim, 20
had poured down heavily, drenching the forest, its native creatures, and the handful of
humans who happened to be there. Thereafter began the frenzy of activities and sounds
that engulfs the woods after a good rain – rhythmic sounds, musical, coordinated and
orchestrated, and pleasantly deafening.

Ah! My brimming heart and soothed soul enjoyed restful sleep in the tent that first night. 25
Bonfires and loud music are prohibited to avoid any disturbance to animals and hygienic
common bathrooms (with hot-water facilities) were appreciated. Everyone was expected
to wash their own plates and glasses after every meal. We were encouraged to separate
organic waste into the respective dustbins before retiring each night. All inorganic waste
went back with you. 30

Next morning revealed a forest blooming with fungi – a fairy-tale landscape of frilled
coral cups, delicate saucers and robust yellow umbrellas. And if that brightly coloured
confectionery wasn’t enough, a magnificent azure-coloured sphere, hard as shell, caught
our eye. No amount of speculation could have made me imagine that the little blue ball
was a millipede! We observed at a respectful distance, reminded that handling, agitating, 35
or disturbing any wildlife is not permitted and will warrant strict action. Collection of any
kind of flora or fauna is forbidden.

With no rains, the forest lay quieter that night, though croaking bush-frogs put their
vocal sacs to good use for our entertainment and a metre-long green Pit Viper hung
from a branch, as if casually posing for our photographs. My first ever ‘wildlife 40

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

photography’ attempt was fun. And I could start off with a Viper! I remembered advice
to exercise caution, control and care during observation and photography in the forest
to avoid stressing species or exposing them to danger.

The last walk on the final day through the rainforest, through leech territory, through
the sights and smells of moist earth and greens evoked an undefinable love in me. I’d 45
experienced the wonders of a rainforest, in a spell-binding weekend that drew to a close
with inspiring presentations about the place, its conservationist founder and his
tremendous work studying and saving magnificent King Cobras.

Ignorance had metamorphosed into sheer passion for creatures I’d been prejudiced
about. Curious to learn more about the life of such serpents and eager to accompany 50
experts on live snake-rescue calls, I’ve already signed up for the next workshop.

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

™
Cambridge IGCSE

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0500/13

*3331642223*

Paper 1 Reading May/June 2022

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.
• Dictionaries are not allowed.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• The insert contains the reading texts.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

06_0500_13_2022_1.9
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
2

Read Text A, About snakes, in the insert and then answer Questions 1(a)–(e) on this question
paper.

Question 1
(a) How many species of snakes are venomous, according to the text?

• .........................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Using your own words, explain what the text means by

‘significantly wound’ (line 3):

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) ‘pose little threat’ (line 7):

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) Re-read paragraph 3 (‘Almost all . . . moves.’).

Apart from trapping moisture, give two other functions of a snake’s scales.

• .........................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

(d) Re-read paragraphs 4 and 5 (‘Snakes also it there.’).

(i) Identify two features of a snake’s anatomy that make eating their prey easier once they
have caught it.

• ..............................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Explain the different ways snakes are able to locate food, according to the text.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

(e) Re-read paragraph 6 (‘Not quite is required.’).

Using your own words, explain why some people might not know or be surprised to discover
that some snakes are critically endangered.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

Read Text B, Teaching people to hate snakes is a disaster for ecology, in the insert and then
answer Question 1(f) on this question paper.

(f) According to Text B, why do people have negative attitudes to snakes and why are these
attitudes unfair and unjustified?

You must use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own words as far as possible.

Your summary should not be more than 120 words.

Up to 10 marks are available for the content of your answer and up to 5 marks for the
quality of your writing.

...........................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

Read Text C, Rainforest tales, in the insert and then answer Questions 2(a)–(d) on this question
paper.

Question 2
(a) Identify a word or phrase from the text which suggests the same idea as the words
underlined:

(i) As the writer arrived in the forest, there was unexpected, heavy rainfall.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Access to both online services and mobile signals was sporadic and unreliable.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) There were steps down to the camp site to provide an easier path down for visitors not
used to walking in the rainforest.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) The campers enjoyed eating a large, delicious meal on the morning of their first day.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Using your own words, explain what the writer means by each of the words underlined:

Ah! My brimming heart and soothed soul enjoyed restful sleep in the tent that first night. Bonfires
and loud music are prohibited to avoid any disturbance to animals and hygienic common
bathrooms (with hot-water facilities) were appreciated.

(i) prohibited ............................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) disturbance ............................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) appreciated ............................................................................................................ [1]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

(c) Use one example from the text below to explain how the writer suggests his feelings the first
time he saw a snake in the wild.

Use your own words in your explanation.

At the bottom, we were greeted by a snoozing Common Vine Snake, so inconspicuous that it
took me quite some time of bobbing my head to spot it. I still cherish that precise moment
when I saw my first snake in the wild, perfectly poised on its luxurious bed of green. I knew I
would never behold snakes the same way again.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

(d) Re-read paragraphs 4 and 6.

• Paragraph 4 begins ‘Three hours later ’ and is about the writer’s reactions to the
creatures in the rainforest.
• Paragraph 6 begins ‘Next morning ’ and gives a description of the rainforest as the
writer wakes up after his first night camping there.

Explain how the writer uses language to convey meaning and to create effect in these
paragraphs. Choose three examples of words or phrases from each paragraph to support
your answer. Your choices should include the use of imagery.

Write about 200 to 300 words.

Up to 15 marks are available for the content of your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [15]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

Re-read Text C, Rainforest tales, in the insert and then answer Question 3 on this question paper.

Question 3

You are a guide at Kalinga Centre for Rainforest Ecology KCRE and have been invited to speak to
students in a city school to persuade them of the importance of the work KCRE does.

In your talk you should explain:

• what the area has to offer to visitors and why people might enjoy visiting
• what facilities KCRE provides for its visitors and how you ensure that visitors remain safe
• what the aims of KCRE and its founder are, what you hope to achieve by welcoming visitors and
why that’s important for the future.

Write the words of the talk.

Base your talk on what you have read in Text C, but be careful to use your own words. Address each
of the three bullets.

Write about 250 to 350 words.

Up to 15 marks are available for the content of your answer, and up to 10 marks for the quality
of your writing.

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

..........................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................... [25]

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

.................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9 [Turn over

Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

.................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 06_0500_13_2022_1.9

Cambridge IGCSE™

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0500/23

Paper 2 Directed Writing and Composition May/June 2022

INSERT 2 hours

INFORMATION
*2027406807-I*

● This insert contains the reading texts.

● You may annotate this insert and use the blank spaces for planning. Do not write your answers on the
insert.

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ) 302083/3
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
2

Read both texts, and then answer Question 1 on the question paper.

Text A: Permission to play: let’s make fixing things cool again

This text is about encouraging people to repair their broken belongings.

Yellowed kitchen appliances, dust-streaked radios, unresponsive DVD players: the table was
strewn with stuff that even a junk shop’s discounts couldn’t make enticing. Most of the electronics
were broken and all of them had outlived their usefulness. Maybe our grandparents would have
had a go at fixing objects but the number of children that day, screwdrivers in hand, who crowded
the table just to get a look inside this stuff, made me hope we could revive old skills. 5

The participants of the event were a little different from those I usually cater for at iFixit, a free
online repair guide for everything from cracked mobile phones to oil changes for your car. My
company’s mission is to teach as many people as possible how to fix the stuff they own, kids
included.

And kids were just as eager to learn as we were to teach them. The venue was crowded and 10
noisy, but once they pried up the hood of a device, the world faded as pint-sized tech explorers
were let loose on intricate circuit boards and motors. One teenager spent two hours working on
an obsolete video player. It was amazing to watch the old relic whirr back to life.

Kids are born tinkerers: they like to fiddle with contraptions, experiment with ‘What happens if…?’
All they need is someone to put a device in one hand, a screwdriver in the other, and ask, ‘Do 15
you want to take this apart?’ and their eyes go wide with astonishment. After all, their parents
have been telling them not to take things apart their entire lives.

As adults, we enjoy our toys and gadgets too, though ours are more expensive so we keep
younger hands away. Give kids something to take apart and their faces light up with excitement.
Give adults the same device, and intimidation clouds their faces. That fear comes from a lifetime 20
of feeling like electronics are beyond us and we’re not qualified to tackle them. There are all
kinds of pressures on us to replace rather than fix.

© UCLES 2022 0500/23/INSERT/M/J/22

Text B: Can we fix it? The repair cafes waging war on throwaway culture

The following text is about the ‘repair shop cafe’ movement.

A vacuum cleaner, two laptops, an e-reader, a washing machine, hair clippers, three chairs, a
pair of jeans, and a remote-control helicopter. All broken.

It sounds like a pile of things that you’d stick in boxes and take to the rubbish tip. In fact, it’s a list
of things mended in a single afternoon by eager volunteers in just one of the many repair shop
cafes springing up. 5

This repair cafe is part of a burgeoning international network aimed at confronting a world of
‘stuff’, of fridges and dishwashers littering dumps in countries far from where they were bought
and the rubbish swilling through the oceans. There are now even TV programmes showing how
treasured objects are restored and fixed.

The hair clippers belong to William, who describes himself as ‘mechanically incompetent’. He sits 10
down at the table of Christine who volunteers at the cafe, where people can bring household items
to be fixed for free. In less than five minutes, Christine, a librarian, has unscrewed and removed
the blades, cleaned inside the machine, oiled the blades, and screwed it all back together.

Today, the repairers will divert 24 kg of waste from going to landfill. Some items can’t be fixed on
the spot but very little needs to be thrown away. 15

Some volunteers are drawn to repair cafes to combat this ‘throwaway culture’. The average
lifespan for a piece of clothing in many countries is 3.3 years. In some countries it’s less than
that.

Manufacturers design products to break down after a certain amount of time, and make them
difficult or expensive to fix. One repair cafe volunteer, Stuart Ward, explains, ‘Fixing items is 20
actively discouraged by many manufacturers. We believe in the right to repair. You own your
equipment; you should be allowed to take a screwdriver to it and play with it.’

‘Some repair cafes do the repair in front of the customer, not out in the back, not hidden,’ says
the lead IT technician in one repair cafe. ‘It’s a matter of confidence, not magic. Someone put it
together, someone can take it apart.’ 25

© UCLES 2022 0500/23/INSERT/M/J/22

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 2 0 2 7 4 0 6 8 0 7 *

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0500/23

Paper 2 Directed Writing and Composition May/June 2022

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer two questions in total:
Section A: answer Question 1.
Section B: answer one question.
● Use a black or dark blue pen.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.
● Dictionaries are not allowed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The insert contains the reading texts.

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ) 302082/2
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
2

Read Text A and Text B in the insert and then answer Section A, Question 1 on this question paper.

Section A: Directed Writing

Question 1

The headteacher of your child’s school is considering setting up a repair café run by volunteers in
the school; the headteacher has asked for opinions from parents.

Write a letter to the headteacher giving your views as a parent.

In your letter you should:

• evaluate the ideas, attitudes and opinions given in the two texts
• give your views about whether or not a repair café is a good idea for students, staff and the
wider community.

Base your article on what you have read in both texts, but be careful to use your own words.
Address both of the bullet points.

Write about 250 to 350 words.

Up to 15 marks are available for the content of your answer, and up to 25 marks for the
quality of your writing.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2022 0500/23/M/J/22
6

Section B: Composition

Answer one question from Section B.

Write about 350 to 450 words on one of the following questions. Answer on this question paper.

Up to 16 marks are available for the content and structure of your answer, and up to 24 marks
for the style and accuracy of your writing.

EITHER

Descriptive writing

2 Describe a group of people meeting for the first time after a long separation.

Descriptive writing

3 Describe a city street in very bad weather.

Narrative writing

4 Write a story with the title, ‘The prize’.

Narrative writing

5 Write a story which involves having to correct a mistake.

© UCLES 2022 0500/23/M/J/22

Please write your chosen question number here (2, 3, 4, 5): .............

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 0500/23/M/J/22 [Turn over

Additional page

If you use the following page to complete the answer to any question, the question number must be
clearly shown.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2022 0500/23/M/J/22
11

Additional page

If you use the following page to complete the answer to any question, the question number must be
clearly shown.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2022 0500/23/M/J/22
Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 2 1 9 3 7 2 9 9 3 *

FRENCH 0520/42
Paper 4 Writing February/March 2023

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer three questions in total:
Answer Question 1.
Answer Question 2.
Answer either Question 3(a) or Question 3(b).
● Use a black or dark blue pen.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● Dictionaries are not allowed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 45.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE) 315589
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
2

1 Vous vous appelez Claude Dupont. Vous commandez des vêtements en ligne.

Complétez la fiche en français.

@vêtementspourtous

Nom Claude Dupont

t-shirt
Vêtements d’été
.........................................

Couleur .........................................

.........................................
Vêtements d’hiver
(2 vêtements)
.........................................

sac
Accessoires
.........................................

Merci !

[5]

© UCLES 2023 0520/42/F/M/23

2 La pause-déjeuner à l’école

• Combien de temps avez-vous pour la pause-déjeuner ?

• Donnez des détails sur le déjeuner que vous prenez d’habitude.
• Faites-vous des devoirs pendant la pause ? Pourquoi ?
• Quelles autres activités faites-vous pendant cette pause ?
• Quel changement aimeriez-vous faire à la pause-déjeuner ?

Écrivez 80–90 mots en français.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [12]

© UCLES 2023 0520/42/F/M/23 [Turn over

3 Répondez à la question 3(a) ou à la question 3(b).

Écrivez 130–140 mots en français.

(a) Mon ordinateur

Votre ordinateur est tombé en panne. Écrivez un e-mail à votre ami(e) français(e) pour lui
parler de cet incident et de vos activités en ligne.

• Qu’est-ce que vous faisiez quand votre ordinateur est tombé en panne ?
• Quelle a été votre réaction à ce moment-là ?
• Expliquez l’importance de l’ordinateur dans votre vie quotidienne.
• Que pensent vos parents de vos activités en ligne ?
• Voudriez-vous travailler dans le monde de la technologie plus tard ? Pourquoi ?
[28]

(b) Passer du temps à la maison

Vous êtes obligé(e) de rester chez vous après un petit accident de sport. Écrivez un blog sur
votre expérience.

• Décrivez ce qui s’est passé.

• Qu’est-ce que vous faites pour passer le temps ?
• Que faut-il faire pour rester en bonne santé quand on ne peut pas sortir ?
• Quels sont les inconvénients de rester tous les jours à la maison ?
• Qu’est-ce que vous allez faire quand vous pourrez à nouveau sortir ?
[28]

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 0520/42/F/M/23
Cambridge IGCSE™
* 9 1 7 5 1 1 9 0 2 6 *

HINDI AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0549/01

Paper 1 Reading and Writing October/November 2020

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● Dictionaries are not allowed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

KI 187671/3
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2

अभ्यास 1: प्रश्न 1–6

‘मीतया चटर्जी’ आलेख को ध्या्नपूरक

्व पढ़िए और पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजर्ए।

17 वर्षीया मीता चटर्षी लंदन के एक माधयममक ववदयालय में ‘ए लेवल’ की छात्ा है । वह ए लेवल परू ा करने
के बाद गणित और कम्पयट ू र ववज्ान में डिग्ी हामिल करना चाहती है । उिके नाना-नानी कोलकाता के पाि
कलयािी नगर में रहते हैं। वह वपछले िाल गमषी की छु�यों में अपने माता-वपता के िाथ अपने नाना-नानी िे
ममलने गई थी। वहाँ उिकी र्ान-पहचान नानी के पड़ौि में रहने वाली लड़की, शोभना िे हुई। शोभना उिकी
हम उम्र थी और उिी की तरह 12वीं कक्ा में पढ़ रही थी।

एक ददन उिके िाथ अपने ववदयालय और पढ़ाई के ववर्यों में बातें करते िमय मीता को यह र्ान कर बहुत
धकका लगा कक शोभना के िरकारी ववदयालय में कम्पयट ू र-ववज्ान पढ़ाने के मलए कोई िवु वधा नहीं थी। वह
और उिके िहपाठी पसु तकालय में र्ाकर ककताबों िे पढ़ कर क्पयदू टंग िीखने की कोमशश कर रहे थे। परीक्ा
ननकट थी जर्िकी वज़ह िे शोभना बहुत चचंनतत और परे शान थी।

छु�याँ परू ी होने पर लंदन लौट कर मीता ने अपने कम्पयट ू र-ववज्ान के मशक्क की मदद िे और कुछ ममत्ों
के िाथ ममल कर एक कम्पयट ू र-कोि-कैमप शरूु ककया। उिके अंतग्गत उिने कलयािी नगर में शोभना और
उिके िाचथयों को कम्पयट ू र-कोि बनाना मिखाना शरू ु ककया। धीरे -धीरे पज्चम बंगाल के दिू रे गाँवों में छात्ों
को इिकी ख़बर लगी और उििे कम्पयट ू र िमबनधी िवाल पछ ू ने वालों की लमबी कतार लगने लगी। अब तक
वह 1800 छात्ों की िहायता कर चक ु ी है । अपनी परीक्ा की तैयारी करने के िमय उिने अपने िहपादठयों िे
ममलकर सवयंिेवकों का एक दल बना मलया र्ो बारी-बारी िे इि प्रमशक्ि को र्ारी रखने में उिकी िहायता
करते हैं।

आधनु नक काय्गकारी र्ीवन में िफलता पाने के मलए कम्पयट ू र-ज्ान की आव्यकता को मीता अचछी तरह िे
िमझती है । मीता के उदाहरि िे प्रेरत हो कर कलयािी नगर के कुछ छात् अब सवयं भी अपने आिपाि के
गाँवों के बचचों को कम्पयट
ू र का उपयोग करना मिखा रहे हैं। अपने प्रयाि की िफलता िे उतिादहत होकर
मीता ‘ए लेवेल’ परू ा करने के बाद लंदन के एक प्रवंचचत इलाके में ि्पताहांत में कम्पयट
ू र कलब शरू
ु करने
वाली है । वह िमार् में िभी बचचों को अपनी क्मता को परू ी तरह िे उपलबध करने का िमान अविर ददलाने
के मलए प्रनतब� है ।

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

1 मीता कलयािी नगर कयों गई थी?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 मीता को वहाँ ककि बात िे द:ु ख हुआ?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

3 उिने छात्ों की िहायता करने के मलए कया कदम उठाया?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

4 कम्पयदू टंग मिखाने के मलए मीता ने ककन दो वयजकतयों िे मदद ली?

• .......................................................................................................................................................

• ................................................................................................................................................. [2]

5 उिकी योर्ना िे कलयािी नगर के छात्ों पर पड़े दो िकारातमक प्रभावों के बारे में मलणखए।

• .......................................................................................................................................................

• ................................................................................................................................................. [2]

6 मीता लंदन में कम्पयूटर कलब कयों शुरू करना चाहती है ?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

[पूिाांक 8]

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20 [Turn over

अभ्यास 2: प्रश्न 7–15

‘उत्तर भयारत की एक झयाँकी - वरलल्म ज्मथ के सयाथ’ के बयारे में छपे इस लेख को ध्या्न से पिें । प्रश्न 7 से
15 कया उत्तर दे ्ने के ललए उ्नके ्नीचे ढ़दए गए अ्नच ु छे दों (A से D) में से सही अ्नच ु छे द च्नु कर उसके सयाम्ने
के कोष्ठक में सही कया न्नशया्न लगयाएँ। अ्नच
ु छे दों को एक से अधिक बयार च्न ु या र्या सकतया है ।

A तारीख: 1–8 र्नवरी 2020

उततर भारत के िुंदर और ऐनतहामिक शहरों के दश्गन का एक िुनहरा अविर!
जर्िमें शाममल हैं भारत के तीन रमिीय ऐनतहामिक शहरों के पय्गटन।
उततर भारत के प्रमि� गोलिेन ट्ाएंगल – र्यपुर, ददलली और आगरा की सथल यात्ा के दौरान प्रमि�
इनतहािकार और यात्ा-लेखक, ववमलयम जसमथ ववसतत तृ र्ानकारी दें गे। ववमलयम जसमथ इि यात्ा में
ददलली िे शाममल होंगे और सथानीय इनतहाि के महतव की र्ानकारी दे ने के िाथ-िाथ दश्गनीय सथानों
के सथापतय और िांसकतृनतक महतव पर प्रकाश िालेंगे। अपने लेखन और यात्ाओं के दौरान ववमलयम
जसमथ को अनेक रोचक अनुभव हुए हैं और आशा है कक वे उनहें यात्त्यों के िाथ बाँट कर उनका
ज्ानवध्गन और मनोरं र्न करें गे।

B ववमलयम जसमथ केजमरिर् वव्वववदयालय िे इनतहाि की डिग्ी हामिल करने के बाद वव्व-भ्रमि करने
ननकले और िारी दनु नया घूमने के बाद भारत में बि गए। वे 16वीं शताबदी के भारत की िंसकतृनत और
इनतहाि पर शोध कर रहे हैं। भारत के िांसकतृनतक इनतहाि िे उनहें ख़ाि लगाव है और वहाँ के ववमभनन
प्रदे शों की र्लवायु की ववववधता िे उनका कभी मन नहीं भरता। इन सथानों के वनय र्ीवन और
वनसपनतयों में वे गहरी रुचच लेने लगे और यहाँ तक कक इनकी ववशेर्ताओं और महतव िे र्ुड़े ककसिे-
कहाननयों का उनके पाि बड़ा भंिार भी है । वपछले कई वर्षों िे दे श-दश्गन के अपने शौक को पूरा करने के
िाथ अपनी सथानीय र्ानकारी का उपयोग करने के मलए वे यात्ा-ननददे शक बने। अपनी िम� तृ ऐनतहामिक
और िांसकतृनतक ववराित के बावज़ूद यह िारा इलाका वर्ा्ग और पानी के अभाव िे ग्सत रहा है । इिका
िामना करने के मलए पानी के िंरक्ि और र्माव के मलए कई पारमपरक प�नतयाँ अपनाई गईं जर्नकी
वत्गमान युग में िाथ्गकता और बढ़ गई है । ववमलयम जसमथ की इन पारमपरक रीनतयों में भी ववशेर् रुचच
है । उनके मलखे यात्ा िंसमरि अनेक भार्ाओं में अनूददत और पुरसकतृत हो चुके हैं। पय्गटन में उनका िाथ
यात्ा के आननद में इज़ाफा करे गा।

C यात्ा-क्रम:
लंदन िे ददलली: हवाई यात्ा
भारत की रार्धानी ददलली: आधुननक र्ीवन प�नत और पुरातन का अभूतपूव्ग िजममश्रि!
दश्गनीय सथान: चाँदनी चौक, रार्पथ, इंडिया गेट, िंिद भवन, रार्घाट, गाँधी-समारक, कुतुब मीनार,
अक्रधाम मंददर, र्ंतर-मंतर, लाल ककला और पुरानी ददलली के बाज़ार र्हाँ हसतमशलप के उतकतृषट नमूने
दे खने और खरीदने का अविर।
प्रमि� शताबदी रे ल िे ददलली िे आगरा की यात्ा।
4000 वर््ग पुरानी पारमपरक िंसकतृनत और इनतहाि-पीठ - आगरा!
दश्गनीय सथान: सथापतयकला के चरम उतकर््ग, वव्व धरोहर सथान तार्महल और दहंद-ू इसलाम-सथापतय
कला के मेलर्ोल िे बना फतेहपुर िीकरी, जर्िे शहं शाह अकबर ने दहंदसु तान की रार्धानी बनाया था।
वातानुकूमलत िीलकि बि दवारा आगरा िे र्यपुर की यात्ा, माग्ग के प्राकतृनतक दृ्य दे खने के अविर।
गुलाबी शहर र्यपुर के शाही पैलेि होटल में दो रात त्बताने का अभूतपूव्ग अनुभव!
ऐनतहामिक ककलों और महलों की पषतृ ठभूमम में िुनदर आभूर्ि भवय हसतमशलप, मभजतत-चचत्, रं गत्बरं गे
परधान दे खने और ‘चोखी ढािी’ में पारमपरक रार्सथानी भोर्न, िंसकतृनत, लोक गीत तथा नततृ य कला
िे परचय के अविर।

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

D दटकट में शाममल है :

लंदन िे ददलली का वापिी दटकट,
दि ददन की यात्ा के रे ल और वातानुकूमलत बि के दटकट,
शाही पैलेि और 4 मितारा होटलों में रहने की वयवसथा,
यात्ा के दौरान भोर्न, पेय और दश्गनीय सथानों के प्रवेश शुलक,
प्रमि� इनतहािकार ववमलयम जसमथ की वाता्ग,
ववमलयम जसमथ की यात्ा-िंसमरि-पुसतक उनके हसताक्र िदहत।
शाममल नहीं है :
अननवाय्ग वयजकतगत यात्ा-बीमा।

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्नीचे ढ़दए गए रकतव्ों (7–15) को पढ़िए तथया कोष्ठक में सही कया न्नशया्न लगया कर बतयाइए कक कौ्न सया
अ्नुचछे द (A–D) ककस रकतव् से समबबंधित है ।

उदयाहरण:

प््वट्न की न्निया्वररत तयारीख 1–8 र््नररी 2020 है ।

A  B C D

7 ववमलयम जसमथ के यात्ा िंसमरि को पुरसकार ममल चुके हैं।

A B C D [1]

8 ददलली में ऐनतहामिक और आधुननक िंसकतृनत एक िाथ दे खने को ममलती है ।

A B C D [1]

9 यात्ा के दौरान र्ल-िंरक्ि के पुराने तरीकों की र्ानकारी ममलेगी।

A B C D [1]

10 ववमलयम जसमथ यात्त्यों के िाथ अपने यात्ा के अनभ

ु व बाटें गे।

A B C D [1]

11 यात्त्यों को अपनी यात्ा-बीमा का खच्ग सवयं उठाना होगा।

A B C D [1]

12 रार्सथान की िंसकतृनत की र्ानकारी लोकगीतों िे ममलती है ।

A B C D [1]

13 र्यपुर की इमारतें गुलाबी रं ग की हैं।

A B C D [1]

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

14 यात्त्यों को ऐनतहामिक िंग्हालय के प्रवेश शुलक अलग िे नहीं दे ने होंगे।

A B C D [1]

15 ववमलयम जसमथ को भारत के ऐनतहामिक सथानों की बहुत र्ानकारी है ।

A B C D [1]

[पूिाांक 9]

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अभ्यास 3: प्रश्न 16–19

‘भयार्नयात्मक मेिया’ के बयारे में न्नम्नललखखत आलेख को ध्या्नपूरक

्व पढ़िए।

मानव मजसतषक के बायीं ओर के भाग को बत्ु �मत्ा तथा तकनीकी ज्ान और दायें भाग को भावनातमक मेधा
का क्ेत् माना र्ाता है । र्ीवन के हर क्ेत् में िफलता पाने के मलए इंटेमलर्ेंट कोशेंट अथा्गत बत्ु �-परीक्ा-
अंक के िाथ इमोशनल इंटेमलर्ेंि अथा्गत भावनातमक मेधा को ववकमित करना आव्यक है । मशक्ा िंसथाओं
में ववदयाचथ्गयों के बौत्�क सतर (बाँए ओर के मजसतषक) को ववकमित ककया र्ाता है र्ो बाहय र्गत िे ही
िरोकार रखता है । परं तु मजसतषक के दादहने ओर का भाग अतयंत महतवपि ू ्ग होता है र्ो मनषु य के भावनातमक
पक् वाला होता है (प्राय: इिे हृदय की िंज्ा दी र्ाती है )। बीिवीं िदी के अंत में मैनेर्में ट के वैज्ाननक शोध
िे प्रमाणित हुआ है कक काय्गक्ेत् में 80% िफलता उन लोगों को ममली है र्ो दि ू रों को िमझने की कला
र्ानते हैं और केवल 20% िफलता तकनीकी योगयता वाले वयजकतयों को ममली है ।

भावनातमक मेधा लोगों िे वयवहार का ववज्ान है और वह हमारे मलए अतयंत महतवपि ू ्ग है कयोंकक इिके
आधार पर ही हमारी िफलता या अिफलता दटकी रहती है । भावनातमक मेधा हमारी उि क्मता को दशा्गता
है जर्िके तहत हम अपनी भावनाओं के िाथ-िाथ दि ू रों की भावनाओं को िमझ पाते हैं और उनके िाथ
िकारातमक वयवहार करके सवसथ िमबनध सथावपत करने में िफल होते हैं। भावनातमक मेधा के ववकाि
िे वयजकत का दृजषटकोि वयापक होता है , लोगों के िाथ आपिी िमबनध और वयवहार में िध ु ार आता है ।
मानमिक कंु ठा दरू होती है , वयजकत आतमवव्लेर्क बनता है जर्िके तहत वह कुशलता पव ू क
्ग अपना काय्ग
िमपनन करता है । यह वयजकत को अचछे और बरु े का वववेक करना और अचछे के िाथ रहना मिखाती है ।
प्रमि� मनोवैज्ाननक िेननयल गोलमेन के अनि ु ार भावनातमक मेधा सवयं के प्रनत र्ागरूकता, ननयंत्ि,
िंवेदनशीलता और िामाजर्क दक्ता मिखाती है । फलसवरूप हम काय्गक्ेत् में आने वाली र्दटल बाधाओं को
लाँघ र्ाते हैं तथा अपने ननर्ी र्ीवन में भी िफ़ल नेतततृ व का परचय दे ते हैं।

प्रमि� दहंद ू दाश्गननक और िनयािी सवामी वववेकाननद में भावनातमक मेधा बहुतायत में थी। उनके अनि ु ार
दि ू रों िे वयवहार करने की योगयता ही िबिे महतवपि ू ्ग कला है , ‘बत्ु � की ननतांत आव्यकता है कयोंकक इिके
अभाव में हम बड़ी अपरपकव भल ू ें कर िकते हैं। पर िचची िहायता तो हृदय िे आती है । कया तम ु अनय
लोगों के बारे में िंवेदनशील हो? यदद ऐिा नहीं है तो तम ु एक शषु क बत्ु �र्ीवी बन कर रह र्ाओगे और कुछ
नहीं। यदद तम ु अनभ ु व कर िकते हो तो एक भी पस ु तक त्बना पढ़े और ककिी भार्ा का ज्ान न होने पर भी
तम ु िही माग्ग पर रहोगे।’ सवयं के प्रनत र्ागरूकता िे तातपय्ग अपने वयवहार का वव्लेर्ि करते हुए अपनी
ग़लती को पहचान कर उिमें िध ु ार करना है ।

वववेकाननद भावनातमक मेधा के आदश्ग हैं। वे अपनी ग़लनतयों को नकार कर एक झठ ू ी प्रनतषठा के अहिाि
में नहीं र्ीते थे, वरन उनमें अपनी ग़लनतयों का िामना करने का एक ववलक्ि तरीका था। एक बार र्ब
वे पा्चातय दे शों की यात्ा करके भारत लौटे , लोगों ने उनका अभत ू ्ग सवागत ककया। ककंतु कुछ लोग ऐिे
ू पव
भी थे र्ो उनका सवागत करने के ववरोधी थे। र्ब वे चेननई पहुँचे तो एक पज्ित ने उनिे कहा कक केवल
रिाहमि को ही िनयािी बनने का अचधकार है इिमलए रिाहमि न होने के कारि उनहें यह अचधकार नहीं है ।
वे इि बात िे बहुत ववचमलत हुए और इि बात पर उन दोनों में तीव्र वववाद हुआ। कुछ ददनों बाद उनके
एक अनय ु ायी ने उनिे पछ
ू ा कक कया यह िच है कक आपको जर्ि पज्ित ने ‘असप्तृ य’ कहा था आपने उिे
र्वाब ददया था कक र्ो उनहें ऐिा कह रहा है ‘वह मलेचछों में भी िबिे बड़ा मलेचछ है ।’ वववेकाननद ने र्वाब
ददया कक क्रोध में आकर उनहोंने र्ो अपशबद कहे थे, वे िव्गथा अनचु चत थे और उनहें इि बात का बहुत खेद
है । अपने क्रोध को वश में न कर िकने के अनभ ु व िे उनहोंने कदठन आलोचना िन ु कर भी अववचमलत रहना
िीखा र्ो एक भावनातमक मेधा िमपनन वयजकत ही कर िकता है ।

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

अभ्यास 3: प्रश्न 16–19

‘भयार्नयात्मक मेिया’ आलेख के आियार पर ्नीचे ढ़दए गए प्रत््ेक शीर्वक (16 से 19) के अबंतग्वत सबंक्षिपत ्नोट
ललखें।

16 बुत्�-परीक्ा-अंक और भावनातमक मेधा का अंतर

• .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [2]

17 भावनातमक मेधा की परभार्ा और दो प्रभाव

• .................................................................................................................................

8 • .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [3]

18 सवामी वववेकाननद की ती्न मानयताएँ

• .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [3]

19 सवामी वववेकानंद की भावनातमक र्ागरूकता का उदाहरि

• ........................................................................................................................... [1]

[पूिाांक 9]

अभ्यास 4 में आप आलेख और अप्ने ्नोटस के आियार पर ‘भयार्नयात्मक मेिया’ शीर्वक लेख कया सयारयाबंश
ललखेंगे।

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20 [Turn over

अभ्यास 4: प्रश्न 20

अभ्यास 3 के ‘भावनातमक मेधा’ आलेख में भावनातमक मेधा की वयाखया और र्ीवन में िफलता प्रा्पत करने के
मलए उिके योगदान का वि्गन है ।

अभ्यास 3 के आलेख और अपने बनाए नोटि के आधार पर उिका िारांश मलखें। आपका िारांश 100 शबदों िे
अचधक नहीं होना चादहए।

आप यथािंभव अप्ने शबदों में मलखें।

आपको अबंतर्व्तु के ललए अचधकतम 4 अंक और सटीक और सबंक्षिपत भयारया-शैली के ललए अचधकतम 6 अंक ददए
र्ाएंगे।

भयार्नयात्मक मेिया: पररभयारया और महत्र

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

..................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................... [10]

[पूिाांक 10]
© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20 [Turn over
12

अभ्यास 5: प्रश्न 21

आप एक ममत् की 16वीं वर््गगाँठ के आयोर्न में आमंत्त्त ककए गए / गई हैं।

अपने ममत् को ई-मेल दवारा िचू चत करें कक असवसथ होने के कारि आप उनके र्नमददन के उतिव में भाग नहीं
ले िकेंगे / िकेंगी। आपके ई-मेल में ननमनमलणखत बातें िजमममलत होनी चादहए:

• आमंत्ि के मलए धनयवाद

• भाग न ले पाने के कारि और ननराशा
• ममत् को र्नमददन की शुभकामना।

आपकया इ-मेल लगभग 120 शबदों में हो्नया चयाढ़हए। आपको पता मलखने की आव्यकता ्नहीबं है ।

आपको 3 अंक अंतव्गसतु के मलए और 5 अंक सटीक भार्ा और शैली के मलए ददए र्ाएंगे।

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

..................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................ [8]

[पूिाांक 8]
© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20 [Turn over
14

अभ्यास 6: प्रश्न 22

सोशल मीडि्या ्ने दरू -सबंरयाद के ्न्े रया्ते खोल्ने के सयाथ-सयाथ प्रत््षि-सबंरयाद की आत्मी्तया को हयान्न पहुँचयाई है ।

आप कहाँ तक इि मत िे िहमत हैं? अपने ववचारों को िमझाते हुए सकूल पत्त्का के मलए अपना लेख लगभग
200 शबदों में मलजखए। आपका लेख ववर्य की र्ानकारी पर केजनरित होना चादहए।

िोशल मीडिया दवारा हम िंिार के िोशल मीडिया में वयसत होकर हम

ककिी भी कोने में लोगों िे र्ुड़ आमने-िामने बातचीत करने की कला
िकते हैं... भूलते र्ा रहे हैं...

ऊपर दी गई ढ़टपपखण्याँ आपके लेख्न के ललए ढ़दशया प्रदया्न कर सकती हैं। इ्नके मयाध्म से आप अप्ने
वरचयारों को वर्तयार दीजर्ए।

ललखखत प्र्तुनत पर अबंतर

्व ्तु के ललए 8 अबंक तक और सटीक भयारया के ललए भी 8 अबंक तक ढ़दए र्याएबंगे।

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 0549/01/O/N/20

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 4 2 3 9 0 4 7 7 2 *

HINDI AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0549/01

Paper 1 Reading and Writing October/November 2022

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KI 303589/2
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2

अभ्यास 1: प्रश्न 1–6

‘हल्दी’ आलेख को ध्या्नपूरक

्व पढ़िए और पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर ्दीजिए।

अरुणाचल प्रदे श में एक ककसान कुदाली से ज़मीन खोद रहा था। भरू ी ममट्ी के अंदर केसररया रं ग की झलक
दे खकर उसके चेहरे पर संतोष की मस ु कुराह् खखल गई। उसने हहमालय की नीली पषृ ्ठभमू म में चमकता हुआ
जड़ का एक ग्ठीला ्ुकड़ा उ्ठाया - ताज़ी हलदी की गाँ्ठ! भारतीय रसोई में इसका महत्वपण ू ्ण सथान है । खाने
के वयंजनों में आकष्णक पीला रं ग हलदी से ही ममलता है । इसके अततररकत ताज़ी हलदी को अदरक की तरह
भी खाते हैं।

हलदी दक्षिण-प्व
ू ्ण एमशया की ्वनसपतत है । अदरक की प्रजातत के 5-6 फु् तक लम्े पौधे की जड़ में हलदी
लगती है । इसके पतते केले के पततों के आकार के होते हैं और अगसत के महीने में श्वेत-हररत रं ग के अतयंत
आकष्णक फूल खखलते हैं। हलदी की गाँ्ठ तैयार होने पर ज़मीन से तनकाल कर उ्लते हुए पानी में धोकर धप ू
में सख
ु ा दी जाती है । प र
ू ी तरह से स ख
ू ने पर उसको महीन पीसा जाता है । प र
ु ाने समय में इसका उपयोग रं ग
चढ़ाने के मलए भी ककया जाता था।

खाने का स्वाद ्ढ़ाने के अला्वा इसका उपयोग त्वचा की चमक ्ढ़ाने के मलए उ््न से लेकर अनेक प्रकार
की सौंदय्ण-्वध्णक-क्ीमों में ककया जाता है । व्व्वाह आहद मांगमलक अ्वसरों पर हलदी का व्वशेष महत्व है । हहंद ू
व्व्वाह प�तत में व्व्वाह के पहले हदन भा्वी ्वर और ्वधू को मांगमलक हलदी का उ््न लगाने की प्रथा है
जजसको उत तर भारत में ‘हलदी चढ़ाना’ और ्ंगाल में ‘गाए होलद ू ’ कहते हैं। ऐसी मानयता है कक हलदी के
लेप से उनकी त्वचा पर अदव्वतीय कांतत आती है । तममलनाडु और आंध्रप्रदे श में हलदी की गाँ्ठ को मौली में
्ाँधकर दल ु हन के गले में उसकी माला पहनाते हैं और मरा्ठी और कोंकणी समाज में यह ्वर-्वधू की कलाई
में ्ाँधी जाती है ।

प्राचीन औषध-ग्ंथों में इसका उललेख हररद्ा, हरदल आहद नाम से ममलता है । आय्व ु वेद और पारमपररक चीनी
औषधध में हज़ारों ्वषषों से इसका उपयोग होता आ रहा है । आधतु नक यग ु में ्वैज्ातनकों के शोध के पररणाम
स्वरूप हलदी के औषधीय गण ु ों को प्रामाखणकता ममली है । हलदी के भीतर सकक्य रसायन करकयमू मन में शरीर
के भीतर की सज ू न और ्ाहरी चो् का उपचार करने के गण ु पाए जाते हैं। करकयमू मन से हॉरमोन में ्ढ़ोतरी
होने के पररणामस्वरूप व्वषाद जैसे मानमसक व्वकार के उपचार में भी इसका उपयोग लाभदायक माना गया
है । सददी, ज़कु ाम, खाँसी सहहत अनेक रोगों के उपचार में लाभदायक होने के साथ उसके से्वन से स्वास्थय
पर कोई दषु प्रभा्व पड़ने की संभा्वना नहीं होने के कारण संसार के प्राकृततक धचककतसा प्रेममयों में हलदी की
लोकवप्रयता ्ढ़ी है । ्वैज्ातनक शोध के पररणाम स्वरूप हलदी अ् मसालदान की सीमा से ्ाहर आकर एक
‘सप ू र फ़ूड’ मानी जा रही है ।

© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22

1 भोजन के वयंजनों में हलदी से ककस प्रभा्व में ्वजृ � होती है ?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 पौधे के ककस भाग से हलदी तनकलती है ?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

3 ्वै्वाहहक अ्वसर पर हलदी के उपयोग के ्ो कारण कया हैं?

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

4 हलदी के ककस तत्व में रोगों के इलाज करने के गण

ु पाए जाते हैं?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

5 हलदी को द्वा के रूप में मानयता कयों ममली?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 हलदी की लोकवप्रयता ्ढ़ने के ्ो कारण दीजजए।

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

[पण
ू ाांक 8]

© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22 [Turn over

अभ्यास 2: प्रश्न 7–15

‘सकयारयात््मक दृज्टिकोण और ्नेतत्ृ र’ के बयारे ्में छपे इस लेख को ध्या्न से पिें । प्रश्न 7 से 15 कया उत्तर ्े ्ने के
ललए उ्नके ्नीचे ढ़्ए गए अ्नच ु छे ्ों (A से D) ्में से सहदी अ्नच
ु छे ् च्नु कर उसके सया्म्ने के को््ठक ्में सहदी कया
न्नशया्न लगयाएँ। अ्नचु छे ्ों को एक से अधिक बयार च्न ु या िया सकतया है ।

A सकारातमक दृजष्कोण, सफलता और प्रसननता में घतनष्ठ सं्ंध है । सफलता प्राज्त के मलए प्रयतन करना
ज़रूरी है । ज् हम सफल होते हैं तो प्रसननता स्वाभाव्वक होती है और सकारातमक दृजष् और प्रसननता
के साथ ककए गए प्रयतन से सफलता की संभा्वना में ्वजृ � होती है । इसमलए यह कहना कह्ठन है कक
सकारातमकता, प्रसनन मन और प्रयतन करने में स्से अधधक महत्वपूण्ण कया है । चररत्र के ्वांछनीय
गुणों में ऊजा्ण, सकक्यता, सज
ृ नातमक शजकत और आतमव्वश्वास के साथ सकारातमकता की गणना भी की
जाती है । जी्वन में सकारातमक दृजष्कोण ्नाए रखना जजतना आ्वशयक है उतना ही कह्ठन भी। कह्ठन
समय आने पर धैय्ण रखने के मलए ज़रूरी है कक वयजकत स्वयं को दोष दे ने के ्जाय अपने प्रतत सदय
रहे । कह्ठनाइयों से घ्राने की जगह उसे यह कलपना करनी चाहहए कक उनसे उ्रने के ्ाद ्वह पहले
की अपेषिा ककतना अधधक शजकतशाली हो जाएगा।

B व्वश्व के इततहास में शायद ही ऐसा कोई महान वयजकत हुआ होगा जजसको कह्ठन और सतत प्रयतन
ककए ब्ना सफलता ममली हो। ऐसी कौन सी व्वशेषताएँ हैं जो सामानय वयजकत को अपने षिेत्र का नेततृ ्व
करने की षिमता दे ती हैं? इस षिमता को व्वकमसत करने के मलए कुशाग्ता, अव्वचलता, सुदृढ़ता, आतम-
अनुशासन और दरू दमश्णता आ्वशयक हैं पर यथेष् नहीं। इन स्के होने के साथ और स्से अधधक
महत्वपूण्ण है भा्वनातमक समानुभूतत की षिमता। भा्वनातमक समानुभूतत, अथा्णत स्वयं को दस ू रों की
जगह रखकर दे खना, उनकी भा्वना को तीव्रता से अनुभ्व करना मानों ्वे स्वयं उनकी अपनी भा्वना
हो। फांसीसी साहहतय में भा्वनातमक समानुभूतत का एक उतकृष् उदाहरण प्रमसदध उपनयासकार गुसता्व
फलॉ्ेयर हैं। ज् ्वे अपने उपनयास ‘मदाम ्ो्वरी’ में उपनयास की नातयका मदाम ्ो्वरी के व्वष खाने
का दृशय मलख रहे थे, ्वे नातयका की व्वषणण मन:जसथतत के साथ इस कदर आतमसात हो गए थे कक
उनके अपने शरीर में व्वष के लषिण पाए गए थे। भा्वनातमक समानुभूतत का यह चरम उदाहरण है और
के्वल लेखक की सफलता की कसौ्ी ही नहीं, ्जलक हर महान नेता का आ्वशयक गुण भी है ।

C सफलता पाने के मलए कोई एक सरल रासता नहीं होता। सफल वयजकत दै तनक जी्वन की साधारण सी
लगने ्वाली घ्ना से जीने के मस�ांत सीख लेता है । गूगल के सीईओ सुंदर वपचाई की गणना व्वश्व
के दस अतयंत सफल भारतीयों में की जाती है । उनके जी्वन से अनेक प्रेरणादायक कहातनयाँ जुड़ी हैं।
उनमें से एक प्रसंग एक ततलच्ा और महहला का है जजसके उदाहरण से सुंदर वपचाई ने आतमव्वकास के
मसदधांत की वयाखया की है । एक रे सतरॉ में एक ततलच्ा कहीं से उड़कर आया और ्वहाँ ्ै्ठी महहला के
ऊपर ्ै्ठ गया। महहला ने आतंककत होकर काँपती हुई आ्वाज़ में धचललाना और ततलच्े को भगाने के
मलए हाथ-पैर मारना शुरू ककया। उनके साथ ्ै्ठे लोग भी घ्रा गए। महहला को घ्राते दे ख कर रै सत्रां
का ्ैरा उनकी सहायता करने के मलए गया। अंत में महहला ने ककसी तरह ततलच्े को अपने कपड़ों पर
से तछ्का कर ह्ाया, पर ्वह अपने पंख फड़फड़ाते हुए उड़कर सामने खड़े ्ैरे की ्वददी पर ्ै्ठ गया। ्ैरे
ने ततलच्े की गततव्वधध को कुछ षिण के मलए गौर से दे खा और ज् ्वह जसथर हो गया उसको धीरे से
पकड़ कर रै सत्रां के ्ाहर फेंक हदया।

D कया महहला के ना्कीय वय्वहार का जज़ममे्वार ्वह ततलच्ा था? यहद यह सच है तो ्ैरे का वय्वहार
उससे मभनन कयों था? संद ु र वपचाई के अनसु ार एक ही जसथतत में दो अलग तरह के ्ता्ण्व वयजकत की
मानमसकता के पररचायक हैं। महहला के वय्वहार में ब्ना प्व ू ्ण व्वचार की जाने ्वाली, ह्ठात प्रततकक्या
और ्ैरे के वय्वहार में जसथतत को मानमसक रूप से जाँच कर व्वचारपण ू ्ण अनकु क्या दे ने का उदाहरण है ।
प्रततकक्या सहज, व्वचारहीन और तातकामलक होती है पर अनकु क्या सोच समझ कर की जाने के कारण
व्वचाररत और व्व्वेकपण
ू ्ण होती है । सफलता के रहसय को समझने के मलए यह एक संद ु र उदाहरण है ।
© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22
5

्नीचे ढ़्ए गए प्रश्नों (7–15) के उत्तर ्े ्ने के ललए उ्नके ्नीचे ढ़्ए गए अ्नुचछे ्ों (A से D) ्में से सहदी अ्नुचछे ्
च्न
ु कर उसके सया्म्ने के को््ठक ्में सहदी कया न्नशया्न लगया कर बतयाएँ कक कौ्न सया अ्नुचछे ् ककस रकतव् से
समबबंधित है । अ्नुचछे ्ों को एक से अधिक बयार च्न ु या िया सकतया है ।

उ्याहरण: ‘सुंदर वपचाई’ गूगल के सीईओ हैं।

A B C  D

7 सफल वयजकत आशा्वादी होते हैं।

A B C D [1]

8 दस
ू रों की भा्वना को समझने की सहृदयता रचनाकार के मलए एक ्वांछनीय गुण है ।

A B C D [1]

9 मभनन-मभनन वय्वहार का कारण लोगों की मनोदशा होती है ।

A B C D [1]

10 सफलता पाने के मलए मेहनत करना ज़रूरी होता है ।

A B C D [1]

11 आम सी घ्ना से ्ड़ी सीख ले लेना सफलता की कंु जी है ।

A B C D [1]

12 समसया आने पर स्वयं को दोष दे ना अनुधचत है ।

A B C D [1]

13 कह्ठनाइयों का सामना करके वयजकतत्व में सदृ

ु ढ़ता आती है ।

A B C D [1]

© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22 [Turn over

14 व्वचारशीलता सोच-व्वचार कर समसया का समाधान करना है ।

A B C D [1]

15 जी्वन में हमेशा सकारातमक मानमसकता ्नाए रखना सरल नहीं होता।

A B C D [1]

[पूणाांक 9]

© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22

अभ्यास 3: प्रश्न 16–19

‘पें च रया्ट्दी् उद्या्न’ के बयारे ्में न्नम्नललखखत आलेख को ध्या्नपूरक

्व पढ़िए।

मधयप्रदे श के मस्वनी और तछं द्वाड़ा जजलों में जसथत पें च भारत का एक प्रमख ु राषट्ीय उदयान है । उसका
नामकरण उसको दो भागों में ्ां्ने ्वाली पें च नदी के नाम पर हुआ। यह नदी उदयान के ्ीचों्ीच उततर से
दक्षिण की ओर ्हती है । रडयाड्ण ककपमलंग की भारत के जंगलों पर आधाररत ‘दी जंगल ्क ु ’ की कथाएँ पें च
उदयान की पषृ ्ठभमू म में मलखी गई थीं। उसके प्रमख ु पात्र मोगली के नाम पर पें च राषट्ीय उदयान ‘मोगली
लैणड’ के नाम से भी जाना जाता है । सन ् 2002 में भारत की भत ू प्व
ू ्ण प्रधान मंत्री की समतृ त में इस उदयान
का नाम ्दलकर इंहदरा वप्रयदमश्णनी पें च राषट्ीय उदयान रख हदया गया। सतपड़ ु ा की प्व्णतमाला की दक्षिणी
तलह्ी में जसथत पें च राषट्ीय उदयान को ्ाघ संरषिण योजना के तहत 23 न्वम्र 1992 में ्ाघ अभयारणय
घोवषत ककया जाने के ्ाद दे श का स्व्णश्ेष्ठ ्ाघ अभयारणय होने का गौर्व प्रा्त हुआ। इसके ्ाद से ही
इस षिेत्र में ्वनय-जी्वों की संखया में तेज़ी से ्ढ़ोतरी होने लगी। जैसे-जैसे इसकी खयातत ्ढ़ी दे श-व्वदे श के
पय्ण्कों के आगमन का क्म भी ्ढ़ गया। ्वनसपतत और जी्वजंतओ ु ं को उनके प्राकृततक परर्वेश में दे खने के
इचछुक पय्ण्कों के मलए यह एक लोकवप्रय उदयान है ।

अनेक दल ु भ
्ण ्वनय-जी्वों और पय्ण्न की सुव्वधाओं से युकत पें च राषट्ीय उदयान पय्ण्कों को ्हुत तेज़ी से
आकवष्णत कर रहा है । प्रतत ्वष्ण शीत ऋतु में ्फफीले षिेत्रों के लगभग 210 दे सी और प्र्वासी प्रजाततयों के पषिी
भोजन और प्रजनन के मलए आकर यहाँ ्सेरा करते हैं। दे शभर में तेज़ी से व्वलु्त होते जा रहे धगदध तथा
अनय पषिी यहाँ ्हुतायत से पाए जाते हैं। खू्सूरत झीलें, सागौन के ऊँचे पेड़ों के सघन झुरमु्, अनोखे
रं गब्रं गे पक्षियों के कलर्व, शीतल ह्वा के झोंके, महकती मम�ी की सोंधी सुगंध और ्वनय-जी्वों का अनू्ठा
संसार पय्ण्कों के रोम-रोम में मसहरन भर दे ता है । पलक झपकते ही हदखने और आँख से ओझल हो जाने
्वाले चीतल, साँभर, तीन सींग्वाली नीलगाय, भक ृ ु ्ी ताने जंगली भैंसे, काले हररण, लकड़्गघा, उड़ने्वाली
धगलहरी, मसयार और लगभग 65 प्रमस� ्ंगाल ्ाइगर का यह प्राकृततक आ्वास है । अंतरा्णषट्ीय जल-व्वदयुत
पररयोजना के अंतग्णत तोतलाडोह ्ाँध ्नने से राषट्ीय उदयान के मधय भाग में एक व्वशाल झील ्न गई
है । यह ्वनय-जी्वों के मलए पानी की ज़रूरत पूरी करने के साथ ही मछमलयों की पचास प्रजाततयों, उभयचर
जंतुओं सारस आहद को आश्य दे कर उदयान की प्राकृततक शोभा में ्वजृ � करती है ।

उदयान ्रसात का मौसम समा्त होने पर 1 अकतू्र से 30 जून तक पय्ण्कों के मलए खुला रहता है ।
प्राकृततक सौंदय्ण प्रचुरता से दे खने के मलए न्वम्र से फर्वरी के महीनें स्से अचछे होते हैं। उस समय
सागौन, महुआ और ्ाँस की सघन हररयाली के नीचे अतनयंबत्रत झाड़-झंखाड़, औषधीय महत्व के दल ु भ
्ण पौधों
की हज़ार से ऊपर प्रजाततयाँ और उनके ऊपर मंडराती रं ग-ब्रं गी तततमलयाँ मन को मोह लेती हैं। लेककन ्वषि ृ ों
के झुरमु् में तछपे ्ाघ को ढ़ूंढना मुजशकल होता है । ्ाघ दे खने के मलए माच्ण और अप्रेल के महीने अधधक
उपयुकत होते हैं कयोंकक गममी से झुलसी ्वनसपतत जंगल की सघनता को कुछ कम कर दे ती है और गममी से
परे शान ्ाघ पानी पीने के मलए या ्ठणडक की खोज में कई ्ार झील के पास जाता है । ऐसे में उसको दे ख
पाने की संभा्वना ्ढ़ जाती है ।

पय्ण्कों के मलए हदन में दो ्ार जीप-सफ़ारी की वय्वसथा है । सु्ह की सफ़ारी सूययोदय से 11 ्जे तक और
दोपहर की 2:30 से सूया्णसत तक चलती है । उदयान के तीन द्वार हैं। सफ़ारी तुररया गे् से चलती है । ्ाकी
के दोनों गे् घनी ्वनसपतत से तघरे हैं और ्वहाँ से जीप जाने के मलए रासता नहीं है । सफ़ारी के कड़े तनयम
हैं, सफ़ारी के गाइड के तनधा्णररत पथ से ह्ना या जीप से ्ाहर तनकलना ्वजज्णत है । तनयमों का पालन करना
्वनय-जी्वों और मनुषय के मधय संतुलन ्नाए रखने के मलए अतन्वाय्ण है । पें च पहुँचने के मलए ह्वाई, रे ल और
सड़क के माग्ण हैं। तनक्तम ह्वाई अडडा नागपुर है जो पें च से 93 ककलोमी्र दरू है । इस ह्वाई अडडे से दे श
के सभी प्रमुख शहरों को जोड़ने ्वाली तनयममत उड़ानें हैं। रे लयाबत्रयों के मलए तनक्तम स्े शन मस्वनी है जो
पें च से लगभग 30 ककलोमी्र दरू है । मस्वनी ्स स्ै णड से पें च जाने के मलए ्स, ्ै कसी और जीप उपलबध
हैं। पय्ण्कों के ्ठहरने के मलए आस-पास स् तरह की सुव्वधा ्वाले अनेक लॉज और पय्ण्न केंद् हैं।
© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22
9

अभ्यास 3: प्रश्न 16–19

‘पें च रया्ट्दी् उद्या्न’ आलेख के आियार पर ्नीचे ढ़्ए गए प्रत््ेक शीर्वक (16–19) के अबंतग्वत सबंक्षिपत ्नोटि
ललखें।

16 अ्वजसथतत और नाम का कारण

• .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [2]

17 उदयान खुलने और सफ़ारी का समय

• .................................................................................................................................

8 • ........................................................................................................................... [2]

18 लोकवप्रयता के 3 कारण

• ...................................................................................................................................

• .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [3]

19 पहुँचने के साधन और सुव्वधाएँ

• .................................................................................................................................

• ........................................................................................................................... [2]

[पूणाांक 9]

अभ्यास 4 ्में आप आलेख और अप्ने ्नोटस के आियार पर ‘पें च रया्ट्दी् उद्या्न’ शीर्वक लेख कया सयारयाबंश
ललखेंगे।

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अभ्यास 4: प्रश्न 20

अभ्यास 3 के आलेख ‘पें च राषट्ीय उदयान’ में भारत के प्रमस राषट्ीय उदयान में पय्ण्न की सवु ्वधा का ्वण्णन
है । आप आलेख और अपने ्नाए नोटस के आधार पर उसका सारांश मलखें।

आपका सारांश अधधकतम 100 शब्ों में होना चाहहए।

आप यथासंभ्व अप्ने शब्ों में मलखें।

आपको अबंतर्वसतु के ललए अधधकतम 4 अंक और सटिदीक एरबं सबंक्षिपत भयारया-शैलदी के ललए अधधकतम 6 अंक हदए
जाएँगे।

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.......................................................................................................................................................... [10]

[पूणाांक 10]
© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22 [Turn over
12

अभ्यास 5: प्रश्न 21

आप अपने व्वदयालय में कषिा-प्रतततनधध के चन

ु ा्व में उममीद्वार हैं। अपने सहपाह्ठयों को एक ई-मेल मलखें कक
आप इस पद के मलए स्से योगय कयों हैं।

1 चुना्व का काय्णक्म
2 योगयता के प्रमाण
3 सहपाह्ठयों से ्वो् का आग्ह।

आपकया ई-्मेल लगभग 120 शब्ों ्में हो्नया चयाढ़हए।

आपको 3 अंक अबंतर्वसतु के ललए और 5 अंक सटिदीक भयारया एरबं शैलदी के मलए हदए जाएँगे।

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अभ्यास 6: प्रश्न 22

‘प्या्वररण की सरु षिया कर्नया प्रत््ेक ्नयागररक कया ्यान्त्र है ।’

आप कहाँ तक इस मत से सहमत हैं? अपने व्वचारों को समझाते हुए सकूल पबत्रका के मलए अपना लेख लगभग
200 शब्ों में मलखखए। आपका लेख व्वषय से सम्ंधधत जानकारी पर केजनद्त होना चाहहए।

पया्ण्वरण की सुरषिा पया्ण्वरण की सुरषिा

सरकार का दातयत्व है । नागररक का दातयत्व है ।

ऊपर ्दी गई ढ़टिपपखण्याँ आपके लेख्न के ललए ढ़्शया प्र्या्न कर सकती हैं। इ्नके ्मयाध््म से आप अप्ने
वरचयारों को वरसतयार ्दीजिए।

ललखखत प्रसतुनत पर अबंतर

्व सतु के ललए 8 अबंक तक और सटिदीक भयारया के ललए भी 8 अबंक तक ढ़्ए ियाएँगे।

..........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 0549/01/O/N/22

TCIS/SEC/BS/VACWS/2025-2026

1. The economy of country C is experiencing economic growth. Based on secondary

market research data, Samuel started a plumbing business. His business installs
and repairs bathroom equipment. Samuel operates as a sole trader. He used all his
$500 savings to buy the tools needed. Samuel had to decide on a suitable pricing
method to use. He thinks that providing a good quality service could help his
business to increase added value.

Outline how providing a good quality service could help Samuel’s business increase
added value.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. After identifying a gap in the soft drinks market, Jerome developed a low
sugar drink. He borrowed $5 000 from family and friends to start-up a business
and to provide working capital. Jerome operates as a sole trader. To promote his
product, Jerome handed out free samples in the town centre. In the ﬁrst year,
Jerome’s business sold 10 000 units. This is 200 units more than his break-even
output. Jerome is considering ways to increase added value.

Explain how each of the following can help Jerome increase added value:
Change the packaging: ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Use cheaper materials: ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

3.Identify two examples of business activity in the primary sector.

Example 1: ___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Example 2: ___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4.Identify two examples of tertiary sector business activity in your country.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Pamela is a successful entrepreneur. She is the owner of a gift shop selling celebration
cards, toys and candy (sweets). When Pamela started her business 30 years ago she had
no help to manage the shop. She now has 5 employees. Pamela knows maintaining
customer loyalty is important. She uses competitive pricing. Most of her marketing budget
is spent on sales promotion. Pamela does not use e-commerce.
Do you think being a risk-taker is a more important characteristic of a successful
entrepreneur than being creative? Justify your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6.Identify two limitations of using the number of employees to measure the size of a
business.

Limitation 1: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Limitation 2: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Following the end of a recession in country X, Beena wants to start up a hairdressing

business. One option is to purchase a franchise from an established hairdressing
business. Beena has $800 in savings and knows having enough working capital will be
important for her business. She plans to use market research to help her decision-making.
Beena knows there are many ways to segment a market.
Explain two possible advantages to Beena of buying a franchise.

Advantage 1: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Advantage 2: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
8.Paul is the Managing Director of a private limited company called PShirts. It manufactures and
sells men’s and women’s shirts in country Y. Its products are priced lower than most of its
competitors. Sales have fallen recently even though there has been an economic boom. Paul is
thinking about starting to sell shirts in other countries. One of the directors is worried about legal
controls in other countries.
Identify and explain two disadvantages to PShirts of being a private limited company

Disadvantage 1: _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Disadvantage 2: _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

9.Do you think the shareholders are the most important stakeholder group to the success
of a limited company?
Justify your answer

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. GOP is an oil producer based in country X. It is a public corporation. GOP plans to
build a 200km pipeline across the country using retained proﬁts to pay for it. The
pipeline will need planning permission from the Government. Environmental pressure
groups are concerned. A spokesperson for GOP said: ‘GOP’s objectives are different to
businesses in the private sector. This pipeline will create 2000 skilled construction jobs
and reduce the need for other businesses to import oil.

Identify and explain two ways in which the objectives of GOP might be different if it was
in the private sector.

Way1: ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: _______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Way 2:______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: _______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. State two ways of motivating employees

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

12. What is meant by ‘job enrichment’?

____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

13 SBG makes a range of products including specialist paints. It has 6 factories

and 700 employees. All SBG’s employees are encouraged to be involved in
decision-making. SBG’s products are exported to 16 countries using
wholesalers as its main channel of distribution. The
Managing Director said: ‘Our objectives are to grow and make a proﬁt. ’He
also recognises that all business activity creates externalities for SBG’s
stakeholder groups.

Explain two ways SBG can involve its employees in decision-making.

Way 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Way 2:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

14. Deﬁne ‘delegation’.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

15 SBG makes a range of products including specialist paints. It has 6 factories

Explain two ways SBG can involve its employees in decision-making.

Way 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Way 2:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

16. Deﬁne ‘delegation’.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
17. SWB is in the secondary sector. It produces 150 000 wooden bookcases each
week using batch production. SWB sells all its output to one customer. Quality
control is important. SWB has 240 employees, of which 100 are part-time
workers. SWB’s managers use noticeboards around the factory and meetings with
employees every month to help reduce communication barriers. The Operations
Manager is considering introducing just-in-time inventory control to reduce the
amount of waste.

Explain two possible communication barriers that might exist at SWB.

Communication barrier 1:

.................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Communication barrier 2:

.................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

18. BGN sells furniture such as beds and tables. It started as a partnership but is
now a private limited company. BGN has expanded quickly and has 10 shops
located in different cities. Each shop manager is responsible for recruitment and
decisions about inventory levels. They send the Board a monthly report. The
Managing Director has a laissez-faire leadership style. There has been an increase
in customer complaints and employees think internal communications need to be
improved.

Explain two ways BGN could try to improve internal communication. Recommend
which way BGN should choose. Justify your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
19 Aurelie is a sole trader. She started her small hotel 1 year ago using government
support. Aurelie knew it would be important to build good customer
relationships. She is worried about how the Government’s plan to introduce a
new tourist tax of $1 per tourist per night might affect her business.

Do you think offering good customer service is the best way for a small business to
build customer relationships? Justify your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

20 Define Market

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21 ABA provides short-distance ﬂights between 60 countries. It is a multinational

company based in country X. ABA uses market segmentation when deciding on
its pricing method. The marketing department is carrying out market research to
gain feedback on customer experiences. ABA is considering ways in which it can
contribute to sustainable development.

Outline two factors which could affect the accuracy of ABA’s market research
.
Factor 1:

........................................................................................................................................

Factor 1:

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
22 Define Market-orientated

........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23 MTD manufactures specialist cleaning products including soap. Batch

production is used. The business uses just-in-time inventory control. MTD took
18 months to develop its latest environmentally friendly cleaning product. The
Marketing Manager has to decide on the packaging and method of promotion for
this new product. She said: ‘All our stakeholders, including pressure groups, are
important. MTD wants to contribute to sustainable development.’

Do you think using social media is the best way for a business to promote a new
product? Justify your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

24 Define Changing markets.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
25 Pamela is a successful entrepreneur. She is the owner of a gift shop selling
celebration cards, toys and candy (sweets). When Pamela started her business 30
years ago she had no help to manage the shop. She now has 5 employees.
Pamela knows maintaining customer loyalty is important. She uses competitive
pricing. Most of her marketing budget is spent on sales promotion. Pamela does
not use e-commerce.

Explain two methods Pamela’s business can use to maintain customer loyalty.

Method 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Method 2:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

26 Define Promotion

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
27. C&P Designs is a business partnership between Cory and Phoebe. They make
handmade jewellery. Phoebe works from home making all the jewellery such as
necklaces and bracelets. C&P pays for materials when they are ordered, but allows their
customers one month to pay. Cory manages the accounts and the shop. He is worried
about cash ﬂow, as shown in the Table. Cory said: ‘The bank will not increase our
overdraft. We should ask customers to pay more quickly.’ Phoebe thinks advertising
would increase sales but is worried about legal controls on marketing

Identify and explain two ways in which legal controls on marketing might affect C&P.

Way 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Way 2:

..................................................................................................................................

28 QCH is a multinational company which makes a range of luxury cars. Last year
it made a proﬁt of $700m. One of QCH’s objectives is to enter new markets. QCH
wants to start producing cars in country C, a fast growing economy. The Finance
Director said: ‘Meeting customer needs is important. We could form a joint
venture or set up our own factory. Both options will be expensive, costing
$800m. '

Identify and explain two reasons why QCH might want to enter new markets.

Reason 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Reason 2:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

29. CHW manufactures electrical products including cameras. The business is

developing new products. The Managing Director knows that the stage of the product
life cycle can influence CHW’s marketing decisions about promotion. He is analysing
data for one of its products. An extract is shown in the table below. The business
would also like to introduce flow production into the factory.
Do you think flow production is the best method of production for a manufacturing
business to use? Justify your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

30. CTF is a public limited company. It manufactures beds using batch production.
The Operations Director is using break-even analysis to calculate the margin of
safety for children’s beds. An extract from CTF’s output data is shown in the table
below. The Operations Director wants to know how an increase in inﬂation might
affect CTF. She knows there are many environmental pressures that a manufacturing
business could respond to
Explain two possible advantages to CTF of using batch production.

Advantage 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Advantage 2:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

31 VDN is a private limited company. One of VDN’s objectives is to be ethical. VDN

produces ofﬁce products including pens and paperclips. All raw materials are
imported. The Managing Director plans to introduce new machinery to help
lower average costs. This will require training for VDN’s 380 employees. The
Managing Director also wants to introduce Kaizen into the factory.

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage to VDN of introducing Kaizen.

Advantage:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Disadvantage:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

32 Explain the diseconomies of scale.

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

33 VDN is a private limited company. One of VDN’s objectives is to be ethical. VDN

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage to VDN of introducing Kaizen.

Advantage:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Disadvantage:
..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

34 Explain the diseconomies of scale.

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

35 SCT is a small business that manufactures handmade tables. SCT has 50

trained employees. The Operations Manager uses an autocratic leadership style
when making decisions. Some of SCT’s employees are demotivated and the
business has a high rate of labour turnover. SCT is planning to relocate to a new
factory in the same country.
Explain two factors SCT should consider when deciding on the location of a new
factory in the same country.

Factor 1:

..................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

Factor 2:

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Explanation:

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

36 Explain how legal factors can influence location decisions.

..................................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

37. Identify four sources of internal ﬁnance a business might use.

Source 1: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Source 2: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Source 3: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Source 4: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
38. Do you think making a proﬁt is more important for a growing business than
managing cash ﬂow? Justify your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

39. SBG makes a range of products including specialist paints. It has 6 factories and
700 employees. All SBG’s employees are encouraged to be involved in decision-making.
SBG’s products are exported to 16 countries using wholesalers as its main channel of
distribution. The Managing Director said: ‘Our objectives are to grow and make a profit.
He also recognises that all business activity creates externalities for SBG’s stakeholder
groups.
Outline two reasons why profit might be important to SBG.

Reason 1: ___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Reason 2: ___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

40 The Government of country B plans to build a new airport. A Government

spokesperson said: ‘There will be external costs, but I think there will be more benefits
for the local community. We have to support businesses such as airlines in the private
sector’. RU Air is one of the world’s most profitable airlines. RU has announced plans on
its website that it will operate flights to and from country B in the future. RU is a public
limited company.
Identify and explain two benefits to RU Air of high profits.

Benefit 1: ______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Benefit 2: ______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of subject teacher ____________

TCIS/SEC/Eco/VACWS/2025-2026

Economics

1. South America is a large geographical area with millions of microeconomic decision-

makers. During a recent pandemic, schools stayed closed for longer than anywhere else
in the world. As a result, students received less education. The World Bank estimated
that the average student would earn $24,000 less over their lifetime. Some students may
earn only the minimum wage. In 2020, South America had an inflation rate of 6.3% and
an economic growth rate of only 1.8%.

a) Identify the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics.

2. Botswana uses both capital goods and labour in its diamond mining industry. The
country had an average economic growth rate of 3.8% between 2015 and 2019 compared
to a global average of 2.8%. Over this period, the country experienced a low inflation rate
and a move away from protectionism and towards free international trade.

a) Define, with an example, a capital good.

3. In 2019, China’s economic growth rate was 6.1% and Chinese households increased
their spending. More Chinese people attended sports events and the earnings of top
sportspeople increased. China exported more despite a rise in tariffs on some of its
products. For example, the US imposed higher tariffs on the imports of Chinese tea and
coffee.

a) Identify the opportunity cost of households spending their income and the opportunity
cost of Chinese firms exporting goods and services

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. In Greece, rich households spend more than the average household. The amount of
spending in an economy influences whether its production point is on or inside its
production possibility curve (PPC). In 2020, household spending in Greece fell. This
affected some firms’ plans to merge. It also increased unemployment. More than half of
those unemployed in Greece had been unemployed for more than a year.

a) Explain the significance of a production point inside a PPC and a production point on
its PPC

5. Changes in tobacco production and consumption can have both microeconomic and
macroeconomic effects. Tobacco plants are grown in at least 124 countries with different
levels of development. A higher proportion of the poor than of the rich consume tobacco
products. The market for cigarettes, produced using tobacco, is changing. Demand for
cigarettes and some other demerit goods is declining in a number of countries.

a) Define microeconomics.

6. Mali is a low income and low productivity country in Africa. Its government is using
fiscal policy to reduce poverty. The country’s main industries are agriculture and gold
mining. In recent years, however, there have been some changes in its resource
allocation. The country is developing its iron ore industry. Globally, the iron ore industry
is one which has experienced a significant number of mergers in recent years.

a) State two key questions about how resources are allocated.

7. The number of Chinese restaurants in the UK fell by approximately 7% in 2020

compared to the year before. Reasons for this include falling demand for Chinese food
and increasing competition from other types of food. Some small firms selling Chinese
food are also unwilling to invest in the latest technology because of the possible
opportunity costs.
a) Analyse two causes of a fall in demand for a product such as Chinese food.
8. Medan is the third largest city in Indonesia by population. It is sometimes known as
the city of a million shop-houses as many people start small firms at the street level of
their homes. This has led to an increase in the market supply of industries such as cafes
and clothes shops. Also, due to the growth in demand for food delivery, the
unemployment rate has fallen. However, mobility of labour is limited both within Medan
and within Indonesia.

a) Identify the difference between individual supply and market supply.

9. In 2020, Singapore experienced a decrease in both its population size and its labour
force. 2020 was a year of great change in a number of Singaporean markets. Some
moved from disequilibrium to equilibrium. Despite all these changes, Singapore
managed to increase its exports of goods and services.

a) Explain how a market moves from disequilibrium to equilibrium.

10. A third of the world’s ski resorts are located in the Alps. Prices for holidays in the
Alps are relatively higher than in other regions. The recent pandemic, however, reduced
the revenues of many large and small firms in the tourism industry in the winter season
of 2020/2021. Many blamed strict government regulations for this. However,
government intervention also helped many firms to survive.

11. Serbia is the world's second largest producer of raspberries, a product with elastic
demand. Consumers experience the economic problem when buying raspberries. Few
raspberry farm workers are members of trade unions. Membership pf trade unions in
Serbia has fallen to 20% of all workers by 2020. In that year, Serbia had more state
pensioners than workers.
 Identify two determinants of price elasticity of demand.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
12. In the US, the supply of meat from emus, a large bird, is price-elastic. Recently, US
farmers have switched to keeping other livestock and growing crops that changed their
demand for labour. US farmers are influenced by the subsidies the government provides
for the production of selected food items. Some people are reluctant to become farm
workers as they think living standards are low in rural areas.
 Define elastic supply.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

13. Advances in technology have changed how trees (wood) are cut down, transported
and used in the manufacture of furniture, such as tables. Wood is in inelastic supply.
Wood can be supplied in all economic systems. However, public goods are not supplied
in a market economic system.
 Explain why public goods would not be supplied in a market economic system.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Digital money, such as cryptocurrencies, is increasingly being used. Digital money
transactions take place on electronic devices such as computers and smartphones.
However, there can be market failure due to external costs arising from high energy
usage of non-renewable sources. One way of reducing external costs is to tax the
product.
 Analyse the consequences of market failure.
 Discuss whether or not a tax on a product can reduce external costs.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

15. The state of California has the most progressive tax system in the USA. The tax
system helps reduce high poverty rates. Policy makers are considering reforming sales
tax in the state to include services, while reducing the use of direct taxes.
 Analyse, using a supply and demand diagram, the effect of increasing a sales tax.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

16. Digital money, such as cryptocurrencies, is increasingly being used. Digital money
transactions take place on electronic devices such as computers and smartphones.
However, there can be market failure due to external costs arising from high energy
usage of non-renewable sources. One way of reducing external costs is to tax the
product.
 Explain two functions of money.
17. 1 In Greece, rich households spend more than the average household. The amount
of spending in an economy influences whether its production point is on or inside its
production possibility curve (PPC). In 2020, household spending in Greece fell. This
affected some firms’ plans to merge. It also increased unemployment. More than half of
those unemployed in Greece had been unemployed for more than a year.
 Identify two reasons why rich households spend more than the average
household.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

18. The main industries in the Seychelles, an island country in the Indian ocean, are
tourism and fishing. The price elasticity of supply of fish is affected by the relatively
short time that fish can be stored. Economic goods and free goods play a role in both
fishing and tourism. With rises in the skills of workers and an increase in enterprise,
GDP per head has increased by more than seven times over the last fifty years.
 Discuss whether or not skilled workers are always paid more than unskilled
workers.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

19. Serbia is the world’s second largest producer of raspberries, a product with elastic
demand. Consumers experience the economic problem when buying raspberries. Few
raspberry farm workers are members of trade unions. Membership of trade unions in
Serbia has fallen to 20% of all workers by 2020. In that year, Serbia had more state
pensioners than workers.

a) Analyse why workers decide not to join a trade union.

20. In 2020, wages paid to Mexican workers, including those in the primary sector, fell.
This fall contributed to a 9% rise in poverty in the country. In the same year, many small
and medium-sized firms closed down. The country also suffered from traffic congestion.
Its capital, Mexico City, is the world’s most congested city.

a) Identify two possible opportunity costs of producing primary sector products.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
21. In 2019 India became the world’s largest producer of sugar. Sugar cane is grown in
the country by a large number of mainly low-income farmers. They sell sugar cane to
mills which process the sugar cane into sugar. Processing the sugar cane is more capital
intensive than growing it. The Indian government sets a minimum price for sugar cane
and subsidies the export of sugar.

a) Explain two advantages of capital-intensive production.

22. In 2020, some firms in Suriname, a South American country, stopped production.
This was because the firms could not cover their variable costs, as well as some of their
fixed costs. The reduction in the country’s output resulted in a rise in its unemployment
rate. The government used supply-side policy measures to reduce unemployment. In
2021, the number of firms in some markets fell again, but this time it was when output
was rising.

a) Define, with an example, a fixed cost.

23. The number of Chinese restaurants in the UK fell by approximately 7% in 2020

a) Discuss whether or not competition is harmful to a firm.

24. In 2020, wages paid to Mexican workers, including those in the primary sector, fell.
This fall contributed to a 9% rise in poverty in the country. In the same year, many small
and medium-sized firms closed down. The country also suffered from traffic congestion.
Its capital, Mexico City, is the world’s most congested city.

a) Discuss whether or not a government should encourage people to walk to school and
work.
25. Vietnam has a high number of female entrepreneurs. Some of their firms have grown
and now compete with foreign multinational companies (MNC) and public sector firms.
The Vietnamese government encourages MNCs to locate in Vietnam as a host country. It
also intervenes in the economy to encourage the consumption of merit goods.

a) Analyse how a government could encourage the consumption of merit goods.

26. Some firms in Monaco have experienced external growth. Firms in Monaco pay high
wages. Workers in Monaco benefit from fiscal policy which contributes to high
employment. Their government does impose VAT on food, including fruit. Some
economists have suggested that instead of taxing fruit, governments should provide free
fruit to consumers.

27. While 15% of US exports go to Mexico, 80% of Mexico’s exports go to the US. In
2019, the US government imposed some methods of protection to reduce imports from
Mexico. This US action caused a fall in Mexico’s foreign exchange rate. Despite a rise in
its inflation rate, Mexico’s central bank reduced the rate of interest from 7.75% at the
end of 2019 to 6.5% in March 2020.

a) Discuss whether or not a decrease in the rate of interest will increase a country’s
GDP.

28. Since 2016, South Korea’s population has declined, due to a falling birth rate, and a
high proportion of its population is now aged over 64. The South Korean government has
used tax revenue to give cash incentives to couples to have more children. However,
many parents have chosen to have fewer children and spend more on each child to
ensure they get a good education. South Korea now has fewer but larger schools.

a) Identify two benefits people may gain from a good education .

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
29. Malaysia once specialised in the production and export of natural rubber. The
production of natural rubber was very labour-intensive. However, despite still being in
the top 5 of natural rubber exporters in the world, Malaysia has moved towards
producing manufactured goods that use natural rubber instead of just producing and
exporting this primary product.

a) Discuss whether or not labour-intensive production will harm an economy.

30. Bulgaria is part of the European Union (EU), but it has much lower corporation tax
rates than other EU members. However, regulation by the Bulgarian government has
discouraged foreign investment into Bulgaria. In addition, Bulgaria’s economic growth
rate has decreased in recent years, due in part to a steady fall in its quantity of labour .

a) Discuss whether or not a decrease in a country’s economic growth rate will harm its
economy.

31. South America is a large geographical area with millions of microeconomic decision-
makers. During a recent pandemic, schools stayed closed for longer than anywhere else
in the world. As a result, students received less education. The World Bank estimated
that the average student would earn $24,000 less over their lifetime. Some students may
earn only the minimum wage. In 2020, South America had an inflation rate of 6.3% and
an economic growth rate of only 1.8%.

a) Analyse how the introduction of a minimum wage could affect unemployment.

32. New Zealand is a high-income country with a low unemployment rate and a surplus
of imports over exports. Recently, its government has made some important economic
decisions. In 2022, it banned everyone born after 2008 from buying cigarettes. A year
before, it gave permission for firms to explore for oil in the country.

a) Define unemployment rate.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
33. South America is a large geographical area with millions of microeconomic decision-
makers. During a recent pandemic, schools stayed closed for longer than anywhere else
in the world. As a result, students received less education. The World Bank estimated
that the average student would earn $24,000 less over their lifetime. Some students may
earn only the minimum wage. In 2020, South America had an inflation rate of 6.3% and
an economic growth rate of only 1.8%.

a) Discuss whether or not an economy with a high inflation rate will have a low economic
growth rate.

34. Many people from the Philippines work in another country, often in industries that
provide merit goods and public goods. In 2020, the Philippine government raised more
tax revenue. Some was spent on policy measures to increase life expectancy and some
on policy measures to reduce unemployment. The country’s unemployment rate was also
affected by a rise in the country’s foreign exchange rate.

 Analyse how an increase in government spending could increase life expectancy.

35. In 2018, the US had its lowest unemployment rate for 18 years. Cyclical
unemployment was very low and so was the rate of inflation. The US also experienced a
rise in labour productivity. However, it did not do so well in reducing poverty. In 2018,
approximately 12% of Americans were living in poverty .

 Discuss whether or not a fall in a country’s unemployment rate will reduce poverty
in that country.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

36. In 2017, the Japanese government announced improvements to its tax system. The
amount of tax raised is influenced by the size and age distribution of a country’s
population. Japan’s birth and death rates are falling, its population is ageing, and it has
low immigration. Overall, Japan’s population is decreasing.

 Explain two causes of a decrease in the death rate.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
37. Farms in the USA are getting larger. One dairy farm in the state of Indiana has over
38000 cows. Farms in the USA compete with farms in both developed and developing
countries. The value of the farms’ exports of milk appears in the trade in goods section of
the current account of the USA’s balance of payments.

 Discuss whether or not developing countries benefit from producing mainly

primary products.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

38. Botswana uses both capital goods and labour in its diamond mining industry. The
country had an average economic growth rate of 3.8% between 2015 and 2019 compared
to a global average of 2.8%. Over this period, the country experienced a low inflation rate
and a move away from protectionism and towards free international trade.

 Discuss whether or not a country will benefit from diamond mining.

39. Serbia is the world’s second largest producer of raspberries, a product with elastic
demand. Consumers experience the economic problem when buying raspberries. Few
raspberry farm workers are members of trade unions. Membership pf trade unions in
Serbia has fallen to 20% of all workers by 2020. In that year, Serbia had more state
pensioners than workers.

a) Explain how the economic problem results in consumers having to make a choice.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

40. Canada’s private sector firms have a number of different objectives. The quantity and quality of
land used by these firms, including farms, has increased. There has also been increased investment
with the firms buying more capital goods. In 2021, the Canadian government encouraged higher
investment and aimed to prevent a rise in unemployment.

a) Explain one reason why the quantity of land may increase and one reason why the quality of land
may increase.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of subject teacher ____________

1 Abnormal red blood cells occur because of a mutation in the gene for haemoglobin.
A
The allele for the normal form of haemoglobin is Hb .
S
The allele for the abnormal form of haemoglobin is Hb .

Draw a genetic diagram to determine the probability of two heterozygous parents having a child
S
who does not have the Hb allele.

offspring genotypes ..................................................................................................................

S
probability of offspring not having the Hb allele ...................................................................... [5]

[Total: 5]
2

2 Colour blindness can be caused by a mutation in a gene. The gene is located on the X chromosome.

The pedigree diagram is for a family which has several people who are colour-blind.
3

Colour blindness is sex-linked.

Use the information in the pedigree diagram to complete the genetic diagram to show the probability
of person 3 and person 4 having another child with colour blindness.

offspring
genotypes ..........................................................................................................................

offspring
phenotypes ........................................................................................................................

probability of a child having colour blindness .................................................................... [5]

[Total: 5]
4

3 Insulin is a protein made by cells in the pancreas.

The diagram shows how insulin is made in a pancreatic cell.

DNA
amino acids

nucleus

amino acids assembled

to form insulin
A

B not to scale

Explain the role of molecule A in protein synthesis, as shown in the diagram.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
6

5 Diagram 1 shows four arthropods.

diagram 1

Diagram 2 is a dichotomous key for the arthropods shown in diagram 1.

Complete the dichotomous key by writing suitable statements in:

• box 2 to identify species B

• box 3 to separate species C and A.

diagram 2
7

[2]

[Total: 2]

6 Xylem tissue is used for transport and support in plants.

Describe how the structure of xylem tissue is adapted for these functions.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
8

7 The photograph shows some cells from the shoot tip of an onion, Allium cepa.

The area labelled M is a mitochondrion.

Explain why mitochondria have an important role in dividing cells.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
9

8 Chloride ions move along the pancreatic duct.

CFTR proteins in the cells lining the pancreatic duct move chloride ions out of the cells into the
duct.

The diagram shows a cell from the lining of the pancreatic duct showing the location and activity
of CFTR proteins.

The movement of chloride ions into the pancreatic duct causes water to move from the cells into
the duct to help the flow of liquid in the duct.

Explain how water moves from the cell shown in the diagram into the pancreatic duct.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
10

9 Seed banks are used to conserve endangered plant species.

The diagram shows some of the steps involved in managing a seed bank.

seeds are collected from

many populations of
each species

seeds are checked using

X-rays

seeds are stored at low

temperatures in the
seed bank

a small sample of seeds

is germinated

Seeds stored at low temperatures have very low respiration rates.

Explain why.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
11

10 A group of students investigated the effect of soaking small onion bulbs in different concentrations
of sodium chloride solution. They peeled off the outer papery leaves of the onion bulbs and divided
the onions into 6 batches, each with 10 onions.

The onions were surface dried with paper towels and weighed. The mean mass of the onions in
each batch was calculated. The onions were then left in sodium chloride solutions for three hours.

After three hours the students surface dried the onions and weighed them again. Their results are
given in the table below.

mean mass of onions / g

concentration of sodium chloride percentage
–3 after soaking for
solution / g dm before soaking change in mass
3 hours

0 147 173 +17.7

25 153 165 +7.8

50 176 172 −2.3

100 154 149 −3.2

150 149 142 −4.7

200 183 175

(a) (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass of the onions that were in the most
concentrated solution of sodium chloride. Show your working. Write your answer in the
table above.

[2]

(ii) Explain why the students calculated the percentage change in mass of the onions.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
12

(b) The students plotted a graph of the results as shown in the graph below.

15
percentage change in mass

0
0 50 100 150 200
–5

–10
concentration of sodium chloride solution / g dm–3

(i) Complete the graph using your answer to (a)(i). [1]

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the concentration of the sodium chloride solution that has
the same water potential as the onions.

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

11 Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.

Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
13

12 In an investigation, students kept unripe bananas at room temperature for eight days.

They studied some of the changes during ripening.

Each day the students took one banana and:

• observed the colour of the banana skin;

• removed a sample of the flesh tissue and estimated the reducing sugar content.

The table below shows the students' results.

time / days change during ripening

reducing sugar content /

skin colour
%

1 green 5

2 green and yellow 12

3 mostly yellow 18

4 all yellow 25

5 all yellow 30

6 yellow, some brown 29

7 yellow and brown 30

8 mostly brown 30

(a) (i) Suggest on which day the bananas became ripe. State one reason for your answer.

day..........................................................................................................................

reason....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) The reducing content increased as the banana ripenend.

Calculate how many times greater was the sugar content on day 5 compared with day
1.

Show your working.

........................... [2]
14

(iii) Suggest the source of the reducing sugar.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

13 The enzyme lipase digests fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Some students investigated how temperature affects the break down of fats in milk using lipase.

A pH indicator called bromothymol blue was used and the colour change was observed and recorded
every two minutes for a total time of 20 minutes.

The table below shows the colour changes of this indicator.

pH 6 7 8

colour yellow green blue

sodium lipase
carbonate,
milk and
indicator

cold water warm water hot water

Three beakers were labelled: cold, warm, and hot. One test-tube was placed in each of the labelled
3
beakers. Three drops of bromothymol blue indicator were put into each test-tube. 2 cm of sodium
3
carbonate solution was added to each test-tube and then 2 cm of milk was added to each test-tube.
3
Finally, one test-tube containing 3 cm of lipase was put into each of the three beakers. The
temperature in each beaker was measured and recorded.

The experiment was left for 5 minutes, as shown in the diagram above.

After 5 minutes, the lipase was poured from the test-tube labelled lipase in the cold beaker into
the other test-tube in the cold beaker.

This process was repeated for the warm beaker and the hot beaker.

The mixtures were stirred and the colour of the bromothymol blue indicator in each test-tube was
recorded at 0 (start), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 minutes.

The table below shows the students' results.

Temperatures times and colours

0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - blue, 8 - blue, 10 - blue, 12 - blue,
ice and water = 4,
14 - blue, 16 - blue, 18 - blue, 20 - blue
0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - blue, 8 - green, 10 - blue, 12 - green,
room temp = 21,
14 - green, 16 - yellow, 18 - yellow, 20 - yellow
0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - green, 8 - green, 10 - green / yellow,
hot water = 50,
14 - yellow, 16 - yellow, 18 - yellow, 20 - yellow

(a) Complete the table below to records the students' results.

colour of indicator

cold warm hot

time / min
........... °C ........... °C ........... °C

0
16

[3]

(b) (i) Sodium carbonate solution has a pH of 8. Suggest why sodium carbonate solution was
added to the milk in this investigation.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State why the two test-tubes in each of the labelled containers were left for 5 minutes
before mixing their contents.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Explain why the colour of the bromothymol blue indicator changed during the
investigation.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
17

(iv) Predict the colour that you would observe if the experiment had been repeated using
water at 80°C.

Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(v) Suggest a result that may be anomalous. Give a reason for your answer.

anomalous result....................................................................................................

reason....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

For each of these variables, describe how it has been controlled.

1 variable...........................................................................................................................

how it has been controlled.................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 variable...........................................................................................................................

how it has been controlled.................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

(d) Suggest two ways to modify this investigation to find the optimum (best) temperature for the
enzyme lipase to break down the fats in milk.

1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2.........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 17]
18

14 The diagram below shows a method of growing tomato plants without soil.

The plants are supported above a tank of mineral solution aerated by an air pump.

plastic support
plants

air line

air pump mineral

solution

Mineral ions from the solution enter the tomato plants and are transported to the leaves.

(a) Name the type of cell that is responsible for:

absorbing water and minerals into the plant;.....................................................................

transporting water and minerals to the leaves................................................................... [2]

(b) Tomato plants need nitrate ions and magnesium ions.

Explain why these ions are important for healthy plant growth.

nitrate ions.........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

magnesium ions................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

Suggest two reasons why it is necessary to continue to add minerals to the solution.

1.........................................................................................................................................

2......................................................................................................................................... [2]
20

(d) Tomato plants need potassium ions to form flowers and fruit.

The graph below shows the mass of potassium ions absorbed by the tomato plants when the
air pump is switched off and when the air pump is switched on.

300

250
air pump
switched on
200
total uptake
of potassium 150 air pump
/ mg switched oﬀ

100

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
time / hours

(a) (i) Describe the effect of magnesium deficiency on the transport of sucrose out of the
leaves and the sucrose concentration in the leaves.

transport of sucrose out of the leaves ...................................................................

................................................................................................................................

concentration of sucrose in the leaves ..................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [4]
21

(ii) The plants in Group B remained in the magnesium-deficient solution for longer than 12
days. At the end of this time they showed symptoms of magnesium deficiency.

Describe and explain the symptoms that the plants would show.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 7]

16 The diagram below shows a diagram of the alimentary canal.

N
P

(a) Use the letters on the diagram above to identify:

the colon, ...........................

the pancreas, ...........................

the stomach. ........................... [3]

(b) State one function for each of these parts of the alimentary canal.

colon..................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

pancreas............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

stomach.............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

Label it X. [1]
(ii) State the action that bile has on fats in the small intestine.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Explain how this action speeds up the digestion of fats.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]
23

17 The diagrams below show sections of a villus.

The diagram on the left shows a longitudinal section of a villus.

The diagram on the right shows a cross-section of the same villus at V - W.

The diagrams are not drawn to the same scale.

V W

microvilli
S
cell T

(a) (i) Name structures P, Q and R.

P .............................................................................................................................

Q.............................................................................................................................

R ............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) Cell T is an example of the cells that form the surface of the villi.

Explain why there are many microvilli on cell T.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
25

18 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

The boxes on the left show three letters from the diagram that identify three different organs.

The boxes in the middle show the names of some of the organs in the diagram.

The boxes on the right show some functions of organs.

Draw three lines to link each letter to the name of the organ the letter identifies in the diagram.

Draw three more lines to link these organs to a correct function. Draw a total of six lines.

letter from
name of the organ function
diagram

anus absorption

ileum assimilation

mouth egestion

pancreas ingestion

[6]

[Total: 6]
26

19 The table below shows the composition of blood plasma.

component concentration in the plasma

-3
adrenaline / ng dm 10 — 100
-3
fibrinogen / g dm 1.7 — 4.0
-3
glucose / mg dm 700 — 1000
-3
hydrogencarbonate ions / g dm 1.1 — 1.4
-3
insulin / µg dm 0.33 — 0.40
-3
lactic acid / mg dm 50 — 200
-3
sodium ions / g dm 3.1 — 3.4
-3
urea / mg dm 70 — 200

(a) Using the information in the table, name:

(i) an excretory product

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) a plasma protein.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) (i) State what would cause the lactic acid concentration in the blood to increase to
-3
200 mg dm .

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the function of fibrinogen.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
-3
(iii) State two effects that a concentration of adrenaline of 100 ng dm might have on the
body.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
27

-3
(c) The table shows that the glucose concentration varies between 700 and 1000 mg dm .

Describe the role of the liver in regulating the concentration of glucose in the body.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

20 The graph shows the average body mass and the average heart rate of nine mammals.

450
rat

400

350

guinea
pig
300

250

rabbit
average heart rate /
200
beats per min

cat
150

100 dog
human

buﬀalo
50 rhinoceros
elephant

0
0.2 0.3 1.0 1.5 5.0 60 1300 3000 5000
average body mass / kg

(a) (i) Name the mammal that has an average body mass of 1300 kg.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the average heart rate of a guinea pig.

........................... beats per minute [1]

(iii) Name the mammal that has an average heart rate of 30 beats per minute.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
28

(iv) Calculate how many times faster the heart of a rabbit beats than that of a buffalo.

Show your working.

........................... [2]

(b) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average heart rate, shown in the
graph.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

21 Breathing involves the movement of the ribs and the diaphragm.

Describe the process of inspiration.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
29

22 Complete the sentences by writing the appropriate word or phrase in the spaces provided.

During physical activity the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases. The

reason for this is an increase in the rate of ............................................... that occurs in the

............................................... in muscle cells.

The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the

............................................... , which increases the rate and depth of breathing so that

carbon dioxide can be ............................................... from the body. This is important

because carbon dioxide is a ............................................... substance and can cause

harm if it accumulates. [5]

[Total: 5]
30

23 Scientists investigated the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the air on the rate
and depth of breathing. The people who took part in the investigation were healthy volunteers.

The people breathed atmospheric air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide for five minutes. They then
breathed air containing 2% carbon dioxide for five minutes and then returned to breathing
atmospheric air for a further five minutes.

The results are shown in the graph.

0.04% CO2 2% CO2 0.04% CO2

percentage 30
change in rate
and depth of
breathing 20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

–10

–20
time / minutes
key:
rate of breathing
depth of breathing
31

Describe the effects of changing the carbon dioxide concentration of the air on the rate and depth
of breathing, as shown in the graph.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
32

24 The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and destroys lymphocytes.

The number of lymphocytes in the blood of a person infected with HIV was measured over a period
of 84 months.

The results are shown in the graph.

Use the information shown in the graph to calculate the percentage change in the number of
lymphocytes from month 10 to month 60.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Space for working.

...................................................... % [3]

[Total: 3]
33

25 Explain how antibodies protect the body against pathogens.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

26 If exercise is very intense an oxygen debt is formed.

Outline how the body removes an oxygen debt.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
34

27 Yeast is an example of a single-celled fungus.

The population of yeast can be estimated by using a light microscope to view a small sample of
yeast cells in a modified microscope slide.

There is a square chamber, with a specific volume, cut into the microscope slide and a grid to make
it easier to count the number of cells.

The diagram shows a modified microscope slide. It also shows part of a light microscope with the
modified microscope slide filled to the top with a sample of yeast cells.

The length of the sides of each small square in the grid in the modified microscope slide is 200 µm.
The depth of the chamber is 100 µm. There is a total of 25 small squares in the grid.

Each small square in the grid has an average of 52 yeast cells.

3
Calculate the concentration of yeast cells per mm .

Space for working.

3
.............................................. cells per mm [3]

[Total: 3]
35

28 The kidneys filter blood, separate useful molecules from excretory wastes and control the water
content of the blood.

Diagram A is of a kidney tubule and associated blood vessels. The arrows show the direction of
blood flow.

Diagram B is a drawing of a vertical section through a cell from the lining of region 2 of the tubule.

diagram A diagram B

The structures labelled S on diagram B are microvilli.

Explain the importance of the microvilli on the surface of these cells.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
36

29 Doctors wanted to investigate the effect of exercise on the excretion of salts.

They collected urine from people before and after running a long distance on a hot day.

The results of their investigation are shown in the table.

before running after running

3
average volume of urine / cm 1156.0 569.0

average concentration of sodium in urine /

3 85.6 78.2
mmol per dm

Calculate the percentage decrease in the average sodium concentration after running compared
with before running.

Give your answer to one significant figure.

Space for working.

.............................................. % [3]

[Total: 3]

30 Urea is a toxin that is excreted by the kidneys in humans.

Describe how and where in the body urea is formed.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
37

31 The eye is adapted for focusing on near and distant objects.

The diagram shows the parts of the eye involved in focusing. The eye is focused on a distant object.

Describe and explain the changes that occur in the eye when adjusting focus from a distant object
to a near object.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
38

32 The diagram shows part of a human eye and three neurones that conduct electrical impulses
between the eye and the brain. These neurones are involved in the pupil reflex.

J
A B
H
C

not to scale

The table shows the names of some parts of the eye, their functions and the letters in the diagram
that identify the parts of the eye.

Complete the table.

part of the eye function letter in diagram

suspensory ligament G

contracts in response to a bright

light

cornea

contains a high density of cones

for colour vision

[4]

[Total: 4]
39

33 Rods and cones are the receptors in the retina of the eye.

Describe the functions of rods and cones in the eye.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
40

34 Lung cancer is a disease that is strongly linked with smoking tobacco.

Graph A shows some data about smoking and lung cancer in country A between 1900 and 2020
(2020 data has been estimated):

• percentage of the male population that smoke tobacco

• percentage of the female population that smoke tobacco
• number of deaths in males from lung cancer per 100 000 of the male population
• number of deaths in females from lung cancer per 100 000 of the female population.

graph A

Graph B shows the same smoking statistics for country B between 1950 and 2020.

graph B
41

Discuss the evidence for and against this statement:

‘The changes in the percentage of the population that smoke tobacco, and the deaths from lung
cancer per 100 000, follow the same trends in males and in females.’

Use the information for country A in graph A and country B in graph B in your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [6]
42

[Total: 6]

35 Alcohol is a toxin that is processed in the liver.

The effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of dying from liver disease was investigated in men
and women.

The results are shown in the graph.

Describe the results shown in the graph.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
43

36 Fertilisation results in the formation of a zygote.

Describe how an embryo is formed from a zygote.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

37 Rubella and kwashiorkor are two diseases that affect children.

Rubella is a transmissible disease and kwashiorkor is a non-transmissible disease.

Explain why women should be vaccinated against rubella before they reach reproductive age.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
44

38 During pregnancy menstruation does not occur.

The diagram shows some of the organs of a pregnant woman, viewed from the side.

fetus

V
Q
U

T R

Describe what happens between ovulation and the formation of a fetus.

Use the letters in the diagram to support your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [6]

[Total: 6]
1

1 Write 0.00273 in standard form.

......................................................... [1]

[Total: 1]

2 Divide $200 in the ratio 7 : 3.

$ ........................ , $ ........................ [2]

[Total: 2]

3 Helga knits some squares.

Each square is either white, pink or blue.
The number of squares are in the ratio white : pink : blue = 5 : 3 : 2.
30 squares are blue.

Show that Helga knits 150 squares.

[2]

[Total: 2]

4 The length, l cm, of a bicycle is 96 cm, correct to the nearest centimetre.

Complete this statement about the value of l.

....................... ....................... [2]

[Total: 2]
2

5 y is inversely proportional to and x is directly proportional to w2.

When w = 12, y = 12.

Find y in terms of w.

y = ................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

6 Solve the simultaneous equations.

x − 3y = 7
2x − 3y = 11

x = ...................................................

y = ................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

7 Solve.

t = ................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
3

8 The line intersects the graph of at the points A and B.

Find the coordinates of A and the coordinates of B.

You must show all your working.

A ( .................... , .................... )

B ( .................... , .................... ) [4]

[Total: 4]

Rearrange the formula to find t in terms of s and a.

t = ................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
4

Find the value of x.

x = ................................................... [1]

[Total: 1]

11 w is proportional to the square root of y.

y is inversely proportional to x.
When x = 4, y = 16 and w = 8.

Find w in terms of x.

w = ................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

12 y is inversely proportional to the cube of .

y = 9.45 when x = 3.

Find y when x = 4.

y = ................................................... [3]
5

[Total: 3]

13 Simplify.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

14 Solve the simultaneous equations.

You must show all your working.

x = ...................................................

y = ................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]
6

The diagram shows a right-angled triangle.

Show that the value of x is 15.8, correct to 3 significant figures.

[3]

[Total: 3]

16 (a) Sketch the graph of for

[2]
7

16 (b) Solve the equation for

x = .............................. or x = .............................. [3]

[Total: 5]

17 Solve the equation for

x = .............................. or x = .............................. [3]

[Total: 3]
8

18 C
NOT TO
SCALE
29.5 cm 35.3 cm

51.6°
A 45 cm B

In triangle ABC, AB = 45 cm, AC = 29.5 cm, BC = 35.3 cm and angle CAB = 51.6°.

(a) Calculate angle ABC.

Angle ABC = ................................................... [3]

(b) Calculate the area of triangle ABC.

................................................... cm2 [2]

[Total: 5]
9

19 A triangle has sides of length 11 cm, 10 cm and 9 cm.

Calculate the largest angle in the triangle.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

The diagram shows two triangles.

(a) Calculate QR.

QR = ................................................... m [3]
10

(b) Calculate RS.

RS = ................................................... m [4]

(c) Calculate the total area of the two triangles.

................................................... m2 [3]

[Total: 10]
11

The diagram shows triangle ABC with point G inside.

CB = 11 cm, CG = 5.3 cm and BG = 6.9 cm.
Angle CAB = 42° and angle ACG = 54°.

(a) Calculate the value of x.

x = ................................................... [4]

(b) Calculate AC.

AC = ................................................... cm [4]

[Total: 8]
12

Calculate the obtuse angle x in this triangle.

x = ................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
13

The diagram shows two triangles ABD and BCD.

AD = 16.5 cm and BD = 12.4 cm.
Angle ADB = 64°, angle BDC = 53° and angle DBC = 95°.

(a) Find AB.

AB = ................................................... cm [4]

(b) Find BC.

BC = ................................................... cm [4]

[Total: 8]
14

Calculate

(a) SR,

SR = ................................................... cm [3]

(b) RQ.

RQ = ................................................... cm [4]

[Total: 7]
15

The diagram shows a field in the shape of a trapezium.

AB = 150 m, BC = 90 m and CD = 120 m.
Angle ABC = angle BCD = 90°.

(a) Show that AD = 95 m, correct to the nearest metre.

[3]

(b) A fence is built around the perimeter of the field.

It costs $48 to build each 5-metre section of the fence.

Calculate the cost of building this fence.

$ ................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
16

Line L is shown on the grid.

(a) Find the equation of line L in the form .

y = ................................................ [2]

(b) Write down the equation of a line parallel to line L.

y = ................................................ [1]

[Total: 3]

27 Find the equation of the straight line that

• is parallel to the line y = 3x + 5

and
• passes through the point (1, 7).

Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.

y = ................................................... [2]
17

[Total: 2]

28 A line, l, joins point F (3, 2) and point G (−5, 4).

(a) Calculate the length of line l.

................................................... [3]

(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line l in the form y = mx + c.

y = ................................................... [5]

Find the coordinates of the two possible positions of H.

( .................... , .................... ) and ( .................... , .................... ) [4]

36
NOT TO
SCALE
5 cm

4 cm
7 cm

Calculate the total surface area of this cuboid.

................................................... cm2 [3]

[Total: 3]

37 A cuboid has a square base.

The volume of this cuboid is 867 cm3 and its height is 12 cm.

Calculate the length of one side of the square base.

...................................cm [3]

[Total: 3]
22

38 The diagram shows a right-angled triangle.

(a) Work out the area of the triangle.

Give the units of your answer.

.............................. .................... [3]

(b) Calculate the perimeter of the triangle.

................................................... cm [3]

[Total: 6]
23

The diagram shows a prism with length 18 cm and volume 253.8 cm3.
The cross-section of the prism is a right-angled triangle with base 6 cm and height h cm.

(a) (i) Show that the value of h is 4.7 .

[3]
(ii) Calculate the value of x.

x = ................................................... [2]

(b) Calculate the total surface area of the prism.

................................................... cm2 [6]

[Total: 11]
24

A solid metal cone has radius 10 cm and height 36 cm.

(a) Calculate the volume of this cone.

[The volume, V, of a cone with radius r and height h is .]

................................................... cm3 [2]

(b) The cone is cut, parallel to its base, to give a smaller cone.

The volume of the smaller cone is half the volume of the original cone.
The smaller cone is melted down to make two different spheres.
The ratio of the radii of these two spheres is 1 : 2.

Calculate the radius of the smaller sphere.

[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is .]

................................................... cm [4]

[Total: 6]
1

1 Describe the reaction of excess dilute hydrochloric acid with magnesium and with
magnesium carbonate.

Give the names of the products and any observations.

(a) reaction with magnesium

products.............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

observations......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) reaction with magnesium carbonate

products.............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

observations......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

2 The method for preparing pure dry crystals of zinc chloride is given.

Complete the missing steps 3 and 6.

1 Add excess zinc oxide to dilute hydrochloric acid.

2 Warm the mixture to complete the reaction.
3 .......................................................................................................................................
4 Evaporate the filtrate until the point of crystallisation and leave for crystals to form.
5 Remove the crystals.
6 .......................................................................................................................................

[Total: 2]

3 Aluminium reacts with oxygen to form an amphoteric oxide.

(a) State what is meant by the term amphoteric.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2

(b) The reaction between aluminium oxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide forms a salt containing
the negative ion AlO2 . The only other product is water.

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and aqueous sodium
hydroxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

4 When aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq), is added to aqueous potassium chloride, a precipitate is
formed.

(a) State the colour of the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

5 When NaOH(aq) is added to aqueous iron(III) chloride, FeCl3(aq), a solid product is formed.

Name the type of reaction where a solid is formed from two solutions.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
3

6 The apparatus used to electroplate a steel spoon with copper is shown.

– +

steel spoon pure copper rod

(a) Label the diagram to show:

• the anode
• the electrolyte. [2]

(b) Describe the observations made during this electroplating at the:

steel spoon .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

copper rod ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]
4

7 Molten zinc chloride is electrolysed.

The incomplete apparatus is shown.

+ –

(a) Complete the diagram by:

• completing the circuit to show the wires and power pack
• labelling the anode.

[2]

(b) Name the products formed at each electrode.

positive electrode .............................................................................................................

negative electrode ............................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]

8 Electricity can be used to break down aqueous or molten ionic compounds.

(a) Name the process which uses electricity to break down aqueous or molten ionic compounds.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the ionic compound needs to be aqueous or molten.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

9 Molten potassium iodide is electrolysed using carbon (graphite) electrodes.

Name the substance produced at the positive electrode.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
5

10 This question is about electrolysis.

The table gives information about the electrolysis of two electrolytes.

Carbon (graphite) electrodes are used in each experiment.

(a) Complete the table to show the observations and products of electrolysis.

positive electrode (anode) negative electrode (cathode)

electrolyte observations name of product observations name of product

aqueous colourless
copper(II) sulfate bubbles

concentrated aqueous colourless

hydrogen
sodium bromide bubbles

[5]

(b) Hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of concentrated
aqueous sodium bromide.

Write the ionic half-equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(d) Name the particle responsible for the conduction of electricity in the metal wires used in a
circuit.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

11 Sodium is extracted from sodium chloride by electrolysis.

(a) State the meaning of the term electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State what must be done to sodium chloride before it can be electrolysed to produce sodium.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
6

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

12 Steel is an alloy of iron.

(a) Choose two substances from the list that are used in the conversion of iron from the blast
furnace into steel.

calcium oxide

carbon dioxide

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

silicon(IV) oxide

sulfur dioxide

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) State the meaning of the term alloy.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
7

13 The structures of seven compounds or elements, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.

A B C D
H H
P
H C C H N N Cl Cl
Cl
H H

E F G
H H H H H H
O
H C C O H H H C C C C H

H H H H H

State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents an element with a giant covalent structure.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of

ester Y.

O
H

H C O C H

[3]

[Total: 3]
8

15 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Identify the element which has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 Describe the separation and motion of the molecules in oxygen gas.

separation ................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

motion ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

17 The structure of succinic acid is shown.

O
H
C
H C O H

H C O H
C
H
O

(a) (i) On the structure draw a circle around one carboxylic acid functional group.

[1]
(ii) Deduce the formula of succinic acid to show the number of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) When succinic acid is heated it undergoes sublimation.

State the meaning of the term sublimation.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
9

(c) Succinic acid is heated with compound F.

Compound F has the formula HOCH2CH2OH.

(i) State the name of the −OH functional group in compound F.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) A polymer is formed when succinic acid is heated with compound F.

Choose one word from the list that best describes the small molecules that react together
to form a polymer.

Draw a circle around the correct answer.

bases ceramics monomers plastics

[1]

[Total: 5]

18 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in molten
(liquid) lead.

arrangement ............................................................................................................................

motion ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

19 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the motion and separation of the particles in:

liquid mercury ..........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

mercury gas. ............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
10

20 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the motion and separation of the particles in:

solid carbon dioxide .................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

carbon dioxide gas. .................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

21 Iron is extracted from iron(III) oxide in a blast furnace.

In the blast furnace, carbon dioxide reacts with carbon to produce carbon monoxide.

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

CO2 + C → ......CO

[1]

[Total: 1]

22 Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, reacts with calcium hydroxide.

The products are ammonia, a salt and a liquid that turns anhydrous copper(II) sulfate blue.

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

ammonium calcium .....................

+ → ammonia + +
chloride hydroxide ..................... ...................

[2]

[Total: 2]

23 Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

(a) State the colour of chlorine gas.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Chlorine is a diatomic molecule.

State the meaning of the term diatomic.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
11

2 Na + ...............→ ...............NaCl [2]

(d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Describe two physical properties of ionic compounds.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

24 Name the type of chemical reaction that releases heat energy.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
12

3
25 The diagram shows the apparatus used to compare the energy released when 100 cm of water
is heated by burning different liquid fuels, J, K, L and M.

thermometer

clamp

100 cm3 water copper can

liquid fuel

All conditions are kept the same, apart from the type of fuel and mass of fuel burned.

The results are shown.

mass of fuel increase in

fuel
burned / g temperature / °C

J 1 5

K 2 9

L 1 6

M 3 12

Deduce which fuel, J, K, L or M, releases the most energy per gram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
13

26 Ethane is an alkane which undergoes a photochemical reaction with chlorine as shown.

C2H6(g) + Cl2(g) → C2H5Cl(l) + HCl(g)

The energy profile diagram of this reaction is shown.

A
C2H6 + Cl 2
energy
B
C2H5Cl + HCl

progress of reaction

(a) Name the energy change labelled A.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name the energy change labelled B.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
14

27 A list of symbols and formulae is shown.

CaO
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
-
Cl
2+
Cu
H2
He
+
K
N2
+
Na
SO2

State which symbol or formula represents an element used as a fuel.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
15

28 Bromine monochloride, BrCl, is made by the reaction between bromine and chlorine.

The chemical equation is shown.

Br2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2BrCl(g)

bond energy in
bond
kJ / mol

Br-Br 190

Cl-Cl 242

Br-Cl 218

Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction using bond energies.

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the total amount of energy required to break the bonds in 1 mole of Br2(g) and
1 mole of Cl2(g).

.................................................. k J [1]

(b) Calculate the total amount of energy released when the bonds in 2 moles of BrCl(g) are formed.

....................................................kJ [1]
16

(c) Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction.

............................................kJ / mol [1]

[Total: 3]

29 Chlorine reacts with carbon monoxide to produce phosgene gas, COCl2(g). A catalyst is used.

Cl2(g) + CO(g) ⇌ COCl2(g)

The reaction is exothermic.

(a) Explain why the reaction is exothermic in terms of the energy changes of bond breaking and
bond making.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) (i) Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction.

On your diagram show:

• the product of the reaction

• an arrow representing the energy change, labelled ΔH
• an arrow representing the activation energy, labelled ΔA. [3]

Cl 2(g) + CO(g)
energy

progress of reaction
[3]
17

(ii) State why a catalyst is used.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

30 Some isotopes of strontium are radioactive.

(a) Give one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The isotopes is also radioactive.

State the major use of this isotope of uranium.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

31 (a) Calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition.

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Complete the energy level diagram for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate by
writing these words on the diagram:
• reactant
• products

energy

progress of reaction

[1]

31 (b) Explain, using information on the energy level diagram, how you know that this reaction is
endothermic.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
18

32 The reaction of iron(II) carbonate with hydrochloric acid is exothermic.

What is meant by the term exothermic?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

33 This question is about the reactions of magnesium with nitric acid.

(a) The equation for the reaction of magnesium with concentrated nitric acid is shown.

Mg + 4HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

(i) The reaction is exothermic

What is the meaning of the term exothermic?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Which word best describes the compound Mg(NO3)2?

Draw a circle around the correct answer.

acid base oxide salt

[1]

[Total: 2]

34 Ammonia, NH3, is used to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This happens in a three-stage process.

Stage 1 is a redox reaction.

4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

(a) Identify what is oxidised in stage 1.

Give a reason for your answer.

substance oxidised ...........................................................................................................

reason ..............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
19

(b) In this reaction the predicted yield of NO is 512 g. The actual yield is 384 g.

Calculate the percentage yield of NO in this reaction.

percentage yield of NO = ................................... [1]

(c) The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is shown.

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

Which major environmental problem does NO2 cause if it is released into the atmosphere?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The equation for the reaction in stage 3 is shown.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Calculate the volume of O2 gas, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed to produce
1260 g of HNO3.
Use the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of HNO3.

moles of HNO3 = ....................................

• Deduce the number of moles of O2 that reacted.

moles of O2 = .........................................

• Calculate the volume of O2 gas that reacts at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

3
volume of O2 gas = ...................................... dm [4]
20

(e) The reaction in stage 3 is exothermic.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow that clearly shows the
energy change during the reaction.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
energy

progress of reaction

[3]

[Total: 11]

35 Magnesium oxide is used as a catalyst in some reactions.

State the purpose of using a catalyst.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

36 Bromine reacts with sulfur dioxide and water.

(a) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

Br2 + SO2 + ........H2O → H2SO4 + ........HBr

[2]

(b) In this reaction both oxidation and reduction take place.

State the meaning of the term reduction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
21

37 Gaseous phosphorus(V) chloride decomposes into gaseous phosphorus(III) chloride and gaseous
chlorine.

When the three gases are present in a closed container the system reaches equilibrium.

PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

(a) Complete the table using only the words increases, decreases or no change.

effect on the rate of effect on the equilibrium

the forward reaction yield (PCl3(g) and Cl2(g))

increasing the temperature increases

decreasing the pressure

adding a catalyst no change

[1]

(b) The table shows that when the temperature increases, the equilibrium yields of PCl3(g) and
Cl2(g) increase.

State what conclusion can be made from this.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

38 Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

A student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

State the term used to describe the calcium nitrate after the molecules of water have been removed.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
22

39 Explain, in terms of particles, what happens to the rate of a reaction when the temperature is
increased.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

40 The table shows some properties of four Group I elements.

melting point boiling point atomic radius

element
/ °C / °C / nm

lithium 181 1342 0.157

sodium 98 883
.....................

potassium 760 0.235

...................

rubidium 39 686 0.250

(a) Complete the table by predicting:

• the melting point of potassium

• the atomic radius of sodium. [2]

(b) Predict the physical state of rubidium at 700 °C.

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
23

(c) Give two physical properties of Group I metals that are different from transition elements and
state how they are different.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]
1

1 A device for measuring gas pressure is connected to a gas supply as shown in the diagram.

300

250
242
connection to
gas supply 200

h
150

100

50
mercury
mm scale
0

(a) Determine the difference h between the mercury levels shown in the diagram.

h = .......................................... mm [2]

(b) The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury.

Determine the pressure of the gas supply.

pressure of gas supply = ........................ mm of mercury [1]

[Total: 3]
2

2 The diagram shows a measuring cylinder containing some water.

25
cm3
20

(a) State the volume of the water in the measuring cylinder.

3
volume = ....................................... cm [1]

(b) A student adds 20 drops of water to the water that is in the measuring cylinder in the diagram.
3
The new volume of water in the measuring cylinder is 25 cm .

Calculate the average volume of one drop of water.

3
average volume of one drop = ......................................... cm [4]

[Total: 5]
4

4 The diagram shows a dripping tap and a measuring cylinder. The water drops all have the same
volume.
The drops fall from the tap at equal time intervals.

dripping tap

measuring cylinder

(not to scale)
3
The student collects 200 of the drops in a measuring cylinder. The total volume collected is 60 cm .

Calculate the average volume of one drop of water.

3
volume = .............................................. cm [3]

[Total: 3]
5

5 The weight of a skydiver is 750 N.

The weight of the skydiver acts downwards, as shown in the diagram.

While the skydiver is falling, another force acts upwards.

The upward force varies as the skydiver falls.

.............................................

weight = 750 N
(not to scale)

The skydiver is accelerating between time = 0 and time = 20 s of the fall.

Between time = 20 s and time = 40 s the skydiver is falling at a constant speed.

(a) On the diagram, write the name of the upward force on the dotted line above the upward force.

[1]

(b) Suggest a value for the upward force on the skydiver at time = 10 s.

.................................................... N [1]

[Total: 3]
6

6 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. Diagram A shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

winch

Diagram A

The sailor applies a force of 200 N at a distance of 30 cm from the pivot in the winch, as shown in
diagram B.

200 N
winch

pivot
30 cm

Diagram B

Calculate the moment of this force about the pivot.

moment of force = ................................................. N cm [3]

[Total: 3]
7

7 A rock climber, of total mass 62 kg, holds herself in horizontal equilibrium against a vertical cliff.
She pulls on a rope that is fixed at the top of the cliff and presses her feet against the cliff.

The diagram shows her position.

rope

cliff

0.90 m

60°

rock climber
1.2 m
centre of mass
(not to scale)

State the two conditions needed for equilibrium.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

8 A force is a vector quantity.

State the names of two other quantities that are vectors.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

9 A force is a vector quantity.

State two features of a vector quantity.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
8

10 A rock climber, of total mass 62 kg, holds herself in horizontal equilibrium against a vertical cliff.
She pulls on a rope that is fixed at the top of the cliff and presses her feet against the cliff.

The diagram shows her position.

rope

cliff

0.90 m

60°

rock climber
1.2 m
centre of mass
(not to scale)

(a) The climber’s centre of mass is 0.90 m from the cliff.

Calculate the moment about her feet due to her weight.

moment = ..................................................... [2]

(b) The line of the rope meets the horizontal line through her centre of mass at a distance of 1.2 m
from the cliff, as shown in the diagram. The rope is at an angle of 60° to the horizontal.

Determine the tension in the rope.

tension = ...................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]
9

11 The diagram shows the handle used to open and close a cupboard door on an aeroplane.

60 N
pivot
20 cm

(not to scale)

A force of 60 N acts at a distance of 20 cm from the pivot of the handle.

Calculate the moment of the 60 N force about the pivot.

moment = .............................................. N cm [3]

[Total: 3]
10

12 A pulley wheel is used to raise a load.

The diagram shows the force on the pulley from the load.

pulley pivot
wheel

20 cm

2.5 N

The weight of the load is 2.5 N and the weight acts at a distance of 20 cm from the pivot of the pulley
wheel.

Calculate the moment of the weight of the load about the pivot.

moment = .............................................. N cm [3]

[Total: 3]

13 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

winch

Describe one non-useful energy transfer when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
12

16 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is free to move
without friction within the cylinder.

The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.

gas

cylinder

piston

The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.

5
The air in the freezer is at atmospheric pressure, which is 1.0 × 10 Pa.
−3 2
The area of the piston in contact with the air in the freezer is 2.4 × 10 m .

(a) Calculate the force exerted on the piston by the air in the freezer.

force = .......................................................... [2]

(b) When the cylinder is first placed into the freezer, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder
decreases and the air pushes the piston into the cylinder.

Calculate the work done on the piston by the air in the freezer as the air pushes the piston a
distance of 0.021 m into the cylinder.

work done = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 4]
13

17 The diagram shows parts of a coal-fired power station.

transformer

transmission
X Y lines

coal

steam

boiler

cold water

State the names of the parts of the power station labelled X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................................

Y ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

18 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.

(a) Compare the energy gained by block A with the energy gained by block B.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
14

(b) Explain why the energy input to the motor is more than the energy gained by block A.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

19 Diagram A shows an electric motor and pulley wheel being used to raise a load M. The electric
motor uses a belt to turn the pulley wheel.

pulley pivot
wheel belt

electric motor

load M

Diagram A

When the electric motor lifts the load, it transfers energy. Diagram B shows the energy transfers.

Write on Diagram B to complete the label in each box. The first label is done for you.

useful energy
electrical
..................... transfers .........................…………… .........................……………
energy energy
+ energy

wasted
energy
.........................……………
energy

Diagram B

[3]

[Total: 3]
15

20 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

battery

electric motor

When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

(a) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy = .............................................. J [3]

(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.

Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.

time = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]
16

21 A sample of sand has a mass of 95 kg. The specific heat capacity of the sand is 1500 J / (kg °C).

The initial temperature of the sample of sand is 7.0 °C. The sample of sand is heated using an
electrical heater. The power of the heating element is 50 W.

Calculate the time taken to increase the temperature of the sand to 19.0 °C.

time = ..................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

22 The diagram shows students walking to school. There are puddles of water on the ground.

puddles

After school, the puddles have disappeared and the ground is dry.

(a) State the name of the process that causes the puddles to disappear.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe the process that causes the puddles to disappear.

Use your ideas about molecules.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]
17

[Total: 4]

23 Some gas is trapped in a cylinder fitted with a moveable piston. Diagram A shows the arrangement.

gas

cylinder
moveable
piston
Diagram A

The piston moves and increases the volume occupied by the gas. The temperature of the gas
remains constant. Diagram B shows the new position of the piston.

moveable
gas piston

cylinder

Diagram B

State and explain what happens to the pressure of the gas on the cylinder.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
18

24 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is free to move
without friction within the cylinder.

The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.

gas

cylinder

piston

The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.

When the temperature reaches −18 °C, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder is still equal to that
of the atmosphere.

Explain, in terms of the particles of the gas, how the pressure remains equal to its original value.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

25 Some hot liquid is poured into a shallow dish.

Explain how evaporation causes the liquid to cool.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
19

26 The diagram shows a flask with air trapped inside it.

tight-fitting
stopper

flask

air

Initially, the flask and air are at room temperature. The flask is then cooled in a refrigerator.

(a) State the change in the pressure of the air in the flask as the air cools.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain your answer to (a). Use your ideas about air molecules.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

27 During a picnic on a warm, dry day, a metal can of lemonade is wrapped in a damp cloth.

Evaporation cools the water in the cloth.

Explain, in terms of molecules, how evaporation cools the water in the cloth.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
20

28 Explain, in terms of molecules, how sweating helps to cool your body on a hot day.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

29 The two diagrams show how a puddle of water changes on a warm windy day.

puddle of
water puddle of water
three hours later

solid road
surface

(a) Describe the process by which the volume of water in the puddle decreases.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State and explain one change in the weather that would cause the volume of water in the
puddle to decrease more slowly.

statement...........................................................................................................................

explanation........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]
21

30 The diagram shows a cylinder and piston.

3
The volume of gas in the cylinder is 3400 cm .
5
The pressure of the gas in the cylinder is 0.90 × 10 Pa.

(a) The piston is moved to the left and fixed in a new position. The pressure of the gas in the
5
cylinder increases to 2.5 × 10 Pa. Assume that the temperature of the gas does not change.

Calculate the new volume of the gas.

volume = .............................................. [3]

(b) The gas in the cylinder is now heated. The piston remains fixed in the same position as in (a).

State and explain, in terms of molecules, any change in the pressure of the gas.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
22

31 The circles in the diagram represent molecules in different states of matter.

Identify the states A, B and C.

A ..

B ..

C .. [2]

[Total: 2]

32 Some gas molecules are in a box at room temperature.

The diagram shows the position of some of the molecules and the direction of movement of each
molecule.

The gas, shown in the diagram, is cooled. The gas turns into a liquid then into a solid.

State how the average separation of molecules in the gas is different from the average separation
of molecules in the solid.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
23

[Total: 1]

33 A candle is placed in front of a plane mirror. An image of the candle is formed in the mirror.

Circle the words from the list that describe the image of the candle.

enlarged diminished same size upside-down upright

[2]

[Total: 2]

34 The diagram shows the profile (side view) of a water wave.

Q water wave

P T

The water molecules move at right angles to the direction of travel of the water wave.

State the name for this type of wave.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

35 The diagram shows a ray of red light striking one side of a glass prism.

air air

red light
glass

(a) On the diagram, draw a line to indicate the path of the red light travelling through the glass
prism and emerging into the air. [2]
24

(b) Explain why the red light follows the path you have drawn in (a).

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

36 The diagram shows the profile (side view) of a water wave.

Q water wave

P T

R
State the letter which represents:

(a) the amplitude of the wave ............................................... [1]

(b) the wavelength of the wave. ........................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

37 The diagram shows a ray of light striking a plane mirror.

plane
mirror
O

ray of light
B

(a) State the name of the dashed line OB in the diagram.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) On the diagram, indicate the angle of reflection by drawing an X. [1]

(c) State the law of reflection.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
™
Cambridge IGCSE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 0417/11

*6228711242*

Paper 1 Theory May/June 2021

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages.

1 Tick (✓) whether the following are examples of personal data.

Yes No
(✓) (✓)

Full name

Capital of England

Gender

Number of flowers in a garden

[2]

2 Circle two input devices that could be used in a smartphone.

HDD magnetic stripe reader microphone mouse

remote control speaker touchpad touch screen

[2]

3 Describe four characteristics of a tablet computer.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

4 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

[4]

4 Many banks have reduced the number of staff in their branches and replaced them with automatic
teller machines (ATMs). These ATMs, which can be located within the bank, can be used by
customers to deposit and withdraw money from their bank accounts.

(a) ATMs can be used to deposit cheques.

Describe the computer processing involved in depositing a cheque at an ATM.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [6]

(b) Customers can visit these banks or use internet banking.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a customer of visiting the bank rather than using
internet banking.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [6]

5 Tawara school has a shop that sells items needed by pupils in school. Part of a spreadsheet with
details of the items is shown.

(a) Write down the number of rows that are shown in the spreadsheet that contain text.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Write down the number of columns that are shown in the spreadsheet that contain text.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Tax is paid on certain items sold in the shop. The tax rate that has to be paid is 20% of the
selling price. If tax is to be paid on an item, then ‘Y’ is placed underneath the Tax heading.

The formula in I4 is: IF(F4=''Y'',($I$1D4G4),'''')

Explain, in detail, what the formula does.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [5]

(d) Explain the steps that need to be taken to display cell H4 as US dollars.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

6 You have been asked by the secretary of a soccer club to create a website to publicise its results,
fixtures and other events.

When the website has been created it has to be published on the internet. You plan to upload it
onto the internet using FTP.

(a) Explain what is meant by FTP.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Explain how to upload and publish the content of a website using FTP.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

(c) Before the website is published it needs to be tested.

Write down three different features of the web pages that could be tested. For each feature,
describe the method you would use to carry out the test.

Feature 1...........................................................................................................................

Method...............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Feature 2...........................................................................................................................

Method...............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Feature 3...........................................................................................................................

Method...............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[6]

7 A systems analyst has created a new computer system to keep records in a medical centre. She
has created a relational database to store the medical records of patients.

The database uses primary and foreign keys.

(a) Describe what is meant by a relational database.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Explain the difference between a primary key and a foreign key.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

Describe four other uses of the database software that the dentist can use to help him in his
work.

1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

4.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

(d) The data stored on the computer system needs to be protected from unauthorised access.

Discuss the effectiveness of different methods of increasing security of this data.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [8]

8 Compare and contrast the features of a switch and a hub.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [6]

9 A company operates from 08:00 to 19:00, Monday to Friday. Full-time employees work a 40-hour
week, starting at 09:00 and finishing work at 17:00.

For each of the times worked by an employee, write down the most appropriate working pattern.

(a) An employee works from 09:00 to 13:00, Monday to Friday.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An employee works from 09:00 to 19:00, Monday to Thursday.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) An employee works a full 8-hour day but has negotiated with his employer to complete this at
some point between 08:00 and 19:00, each day.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

10 Tick (✓) the most appropriate method of implementation to match the statements below.

Direct Parallel Pilot

(✓) (✓) (✓)

All of the benefits are immediate.

If the new system fails the whole of the old system is still
operational.

This is the cheapest implementation method.

The system is implemented in one branch of the company.

[4]

11 Data stored on a computer system is at risk of being hacked.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term hacking. Include in your answer two examples of the effects
this can have on the computer system.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Describe three measures that could be taken to protect the data from being hacked.

1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[3]

12 An image has been changed in a number of different ways.

Original image

For each of the following images describe the software editing technique used in order to produce
the edited images shown from the original image.

Edited images

A B C D

A ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

B ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

C ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

D ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

[4]

13 RockIT Airlines representatives use a computer booking system to book flights for customers.

A representative from the airline types in the customer reference number, the number of passengers,
departure time, departure date, departure airport and the destination airport.

A customer is planning to take a flight from London Heathrow Airport. The representative types in
a code LHR for London Heathrow Airport. One of the reasons for using a code for the airport is to
improve data accuracy.

(a) Describe two other advantages of using a code rather than typing out the full name.

1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) Describe the importance of data accuracy when making a booking.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [6]

Question 14 starts on page 16.

14 A road through a village has a speed limit of 45 kilometres per hour. The police are checking and
recording the speed of vehicles passing through the village using measuring hardware and software,
so they can produce a report of their findings.

(a) Explain the difference between measurement and control when using microprocessors.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe the role of the microprocessor in this scenario.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment
International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 5 5 3 3 6 8 7 1 0 4 *

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 0417/11

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2021

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

1 A computer consists of both hardware and software.

(a) Define the term hardware.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Give two examples of internal hardware devices.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Define the term software.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) There are two types of software: system and applications.

Give two examples of applications software.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

2 Circle two jobs where there has been a decrease in employment as a direct result of the
introduction of computers.

Bus drivers Car production Delivery drivers Fishermen

workers for retail stores

Payroll workers Programmers Teachers Website designers

[2]

3 Describe two advantages of using a tablet computer rather than a laptop computer.

1 .......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[2]

4 Tick (3) whether the following advantages of analysing a system refer to looking at existing
paperwork, observation or questionnaires.

Looking
at existing
paperwork Observation Questionnaire
(3) (3) (3)

This method gives the systems analyst

an overall view of the system

Individuals can remain anonymous

This method allows information to be

collected that cannot be obtained from
any other method

This method gives the quickest analysis

of the data

[4]

5 Tawara Tours has created a new online booking system to allow customers to book holidays. The
system was written using modules.

(a) Describe how the new system could be tested prior to it becoming operational.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(b) Tawara Tours used to book holidays using a manual booking system. This used a pen and
paper to make the bookings.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using online booking systems rather than a
manual booking system.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [8]

6 As a student you often use a computer screen. This could be a screen on a desktop computer, a
laptop computer or even a smartphone.

Evaluate your use of computer screens, in terms of health risks, and explain any strategies you
use to minimise these health risks.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [6]

7 Bluetooth is a method of communication to connect devices together.

Describe how a smartphone can use Bluetooth to connect to another device.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [4]

8 An organisation uses the internet and an intranet.

(a) Explain how the purpose of the internet differs from the purpose of an intranet.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

Employees in the organisation are allowed to access the intranet using their smartphones.

The employees are required to secure their smartphones using either facial recognition, passwords
or voice recognition.

(b) Tick (3) whether the following statements refer to facial recognition, password or
voice recognition.

Facial Voice
recognition Password recognition
(3) (3) (3)
This method cannot access the
smartphone unintentionally
The accuracy of this method can be
affected by noise
This method requires the use of the
smartphone’s camera
This method could be compromised by
shoulder surfing
[4]

9 Robots are used to spray paint cars in a car production company.

(a) Describe two other jobs that robots can perform in car production.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) When the spray paint can is empty it needs to be refilled. There is a sensor in the can which
measures the amount of paint.

Describe the use of the sensor and microprocessor in this application.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of robots rather than employing
humans to spray paint the cars.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

10 (a) Explain the differences between a VLOOKUP function and a LOOKUP function.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) A spreadsheet contains a list of staff and the rooms they work in at a school.

A B C D E
1 Room Department Name
2 29 Languages Aaron Garcia 31 =VLOOKUP(D2,A2:C7,3)
3 30 History Julieta Diaz
4 28 Chemistry Ernesto Fernandez
5 26 Biology Salvador Calbo
6 31 ICT David James
7 49 Mathematics Adriene Martinez

(i) Explain, in detail, what the formula in cell E2 does.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) When certain room numbers are typed into cell D2 unexpected results appear in cell E2.

Suggest improvements that could be made to ensure the correct result is displayed.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

A teacher in the school has created a spreadsheet to display whether a student has good
timekeeping when arriving at lessons. He has produced a formula but thinks it could be improved.
The formula is:

=IF(B4>=A$18,B$18,IF(B4>=A$17,B$17,IF(B4>=A$16,B$16,IF(B4>=A$15,B$15,IF(B4>=A$14,B$14,"")))))

A B C
1
2 Name of Student
3 Half term Lates
4 1 17 =IF(B4>=A$18,B$18,IF(B4>=A$17,B$17,IF(B4>=A$16,B$16,IF(B4>=A$15,B$15,IF(B4>=A$14,B$14,"")))))

5 2 20
6 3 1
7 4 12
8 5 18
9 6 0
10
11
12
13
14 0 Excellent
15 1 Very Good
16 5 Good
17 15 Poor
18 25 Very Poor
19

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The teacher has improved the formula and has typed in =VLOOKUP(B4,A$14:B$18,2)

Explain the advantages of using this formula compared to the original one.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

11 Many young people play online games. One problem with online gaming is that it is easy to give
out personal details accidentally. Some users create weak passwords which could lead to their
personal details being accessed.

(a) Name two pieces of personal data that could be accessed.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Write down three rules that should be applied when setting a strong password.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) Describe safety measures that should be taken by gamers to ensure their data is safe other
than using strong passwords.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]
© UCLES 2021 0417/11/O/N/21
13

12 The use of social networking is a part of modern living.

(a) Define the term social networking.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe the benefits of using social networking.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

13 A student is working on a project on the World Games. He has produced some information but has
decided to produce a second layout including a table. The original layout and the new layout are
shown.

2021 World Games

This will be the 11th World Games, a major international multi-sport event, for sports, or disciplines
within a sport, that were not contested in the Olympic Games.

Dates: Thu, 15 Jul 2021 – Sun, 25 Jul 2021

Location: Legion Field, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Host city: Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Opening ceremony: July 15
Closing ceremony: July 25
Main venue: The New Birmingham Stadium

The original layout

2021 World Games

This will be the 11th World Games, a major international multi-sport event, for sports, or disciplines
within a sport, that were not contested in the Olympic Games.

Dates Thu, 15 Jul 2021 – Sun, 25 Jul 2021

Location Legion Field, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Host city Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Opening ceremony July 15
Closing ceremony July 25
Main venue The New Birmingham Stadium

The new layout

(a) Explain, step by step, how the table was created, without the text being entered by hand.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) The student checks the text he has written using a spell checker.

Explain how a spell checker works.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

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