Surgery A Case Based Clinical Review - 2nd Edition

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Editor Associate Editor
Christian de Virgilio Areg Grigorian
Department of Surgery Department of Surgery, Suite 1600
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center University of California, Ivine
Torrance, CA Orange, CA
USA USA

ISBN 978-3-030-05386-4    ISBN 978-3-030-05387-1 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05387-1

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

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 V

To my wonderful wife and fellow surgeon, Kelly, who has always supported me; to my five children, Nick, Michael,
Emma, Sophia, and Andrew, who have always made coming home a pleasure; and to all the students over the last
two decades who have inspired me to teach.
Christian de Virgilio

To my two biggest mentors – Dr. Christian de Virgilio and Dr. Jeffry Nahmias – thank you both for your instrumental
roles in shaping my career and allowing me to truly enjoy waking up everyday to come to the hospital. To my
amazing wife, Rebecca, and my future little surgeon, Ella Sophia, thank you for being my biggest supporters.
Areg Grigorian
Foreword

I am delighted to write the foreword for the second story followed by the pertinent facts needed on the
edition of Surgery: A Case Based Clinical Review history and physical examination – and, then,
edited by Christian de Virgilio and Areg Grigo- the student can learn to design the work-up,
rian. make the diagnosis, and manage the surgical prob-
lem. The preparation is essential to be able to
I was honored to write the first one, and the book answer the shelf examination questions which fol-
has had such impact since its publication in 2015 – it low – all of this getting the medical student ready
has been adopted by several medical schools, and it to master the information and do well on their
is in the top five of Springer’s medical books and examination in surgery.
among the top seven on Amazon! The book is meant
for short chapter reads organized into sections with As a dean of a medical school and a vascular sur-
shelf questions at the end of each section to quickly geon, I am delighted that this book has served the
assess one’s understanding of the important content. medical students so well. I still see patients, per-
form surgery, and teach medical students, and,
Dr. de Virgilio was a third-year medical student on a therefore, a book like this one is perfect! Some-
pediatric surgical rotation when I was the senior resi- one taught us – therefore, we should teach as
dent. He was a fabulous student and went on to be a well!
vascular surgeon – just like I did! He is a fabulous
teacher and role model. Now, he is professor of Sur- »» Life is an opportunity for us to contribute
something that outlasts us and makes the
gery, UCLA School of Medicine, chair of the Depart-
world a better place.
ment of Surgery at Harbor-­UCLA Medical Center, as
well as co-chair of the College of Applied Anatomy. –Apoorve Dubey

This medical school textbook is such a treasure for Teaching makes the world a better place. Go do
medical students. The chapters begin with a patient that!

Julie Ann Freischlag, MD

Winston-Salem, USA
 VII

Preface

We are grateful to have heard from students take solace in the fact that all your evaluators (e.g.,
around the country that our first edition was residents and attendings) were at one point in their
valuable for their surgery clerkship. As we are careers medical students like you. We hope our
always striving to improve, we thank students for book gives you all the high-yield, test-relevant
their valuable comments and have incorporated facts in an efficient and easy-to-understand man-
their feedback into the second edition to make it ner so you can focus on what is important – how to
even better. At the same time, we’ve been sensi- be a great doctor!
tive to maintaining our goal of making the entire
book “readable” over the course of a relatively Before discussing how to use our book, we want to
brief third-year surgery clerkship. Thus, for this share a few pearls about the surgery clerkship. First
second addition, we’ve added several key chap- the “dos.” Surgery is a team-based discipline.
ters while condensing and combining others. As Always look for ways to help your team. Take an
with the first edition, we’ve assembled a team of active role. Strive to make yourself irreplaceable,
collaborators that include numerous surgery but do so with humility. Treat others like you
program directors, surgery clerkship directors, would your family (assuming you get along with
and various award-winning surgical educators. them). Be an effective communicator. Ask a lot of
We’ve also included several medical students questions (but make it clear from your questions
who were handpicked for their outstanding that you’ve been reading). Ask how you can help.
­performance. Now the “don’ts.” Don’t be arrogant. Don’t try to
upstage your co-student or intern. And finally,
The goal of our book is to help you learn the essen- don’t worry! If you work hard, display enthusiasm,
tials of surgery in the most efficient way possible. and take an active role, people will notice! You’ll
We feel our book will help you excel on the shelf also be surprised to discover that most surgeons
exam, shine on the wards, think through the most enjoy teaching (and aren’t as mean as portrayed on
commonly tested clinical vignettes, and develop TV). And you may even get bit by the surgery bug
your own deductive reasoning so that you make a (we hope)!
great impression on your surgery clerkship. Addi-
tionally, each section is now followed by a series of Now let’s move on to how to use this book. The
questions that are intended to mimic the style of book is case-based and is in a short question-
questions you will find on the actual NBME shelf and-­answer format. A risk of a case-based book
exam. is that you only learn that one specific case. To
prevent falling into such a pitfall, we’ve also
The start of the third year of medical school is ter- included pertinent differential diagnoses for each
rifying. You’re suddenly thrust into a hospital, case and discuss how to distinguish them. We’ve
where you meet a new team of residents and fac- tried to limit anatomy and pathophysiology to
ulty, meet patients, learn a new language (medical those that are clinically relevant. We’ve tried to
abbreviations), learn an electronic health system, exclude most cancer staging systems, as these
and are expected to somehow shine even though constantly change, are hard to memorize, and are
you’re the least experienced and least knowledge- infrequently tested. We’ve tried to arrange the
able. Once you finally get acclimated, you might management in a “what’s the next step” format, as
get moved to another rotation in another specialty such questions are frequently asked. We’ve pur-
(sometimes even to another hospital), forced to posely avoided too many details about specific
start the orientation once again. At the same time, aspects of surgical procedures as those are
you’re required to attend lectures and prepare for a beyond the scope of a student. For those that
final examination that may influence your ability want a bit more, we’ve added “areas where you
to get a future residency. It’s no doubt an extremely can get in trouble,” which are pitfalls in the diag-
stressful time, but, at the end of the year, you will nosis or management, and “areas of controversy.”
marvel at your professional growth and realize that At the end of each chapter, there is a Summary of
being in the hospital with real patients is far better Essentials that permits a quick review. Finally,
than being in a classroom all day. Also, you can we’ve created questions and answers to follow
VIII Preface

each section (with an emphasis on why the wrong each one in 20–30 min (or less). And, you should
answers are wrong). It’s important to realize that be able to read four to five chapters per week.
the questions are not intended to test your under-
standing of the reading. Rather, many of the We’re confident our book will help you during
questions are meant to supplement the reading your surgery clerkship as well as for the shelf exam.
by testing important topics that couldn’t be cov- We also realize that no single resource can do it all
ered (so don’t be discouraged if you miss a lot of (including this book).
them!).
We hope you enjoy our book as much as we
Our advice is to strive to read the whole book dur- enjoyed writing it! We’d love to get your feedback.
ing your rotation. Read all the chapters in one sec- Feel free to email us on [email protected]
tion, and then do the supplement questions for and [email protected] or follow on Twitter @drde-
that section. We’ve purposely made each chapter virgilio. Best of luck on your rotation and in your
relatively short, so that you should be able to read (surgical) career!

Christian de Virgilio
Los Angeles, USA

Areg Grigorian
Orange, USA
 IX

Acknowledgments

Our book project could never have come to frui- in our book project and quickly embraced it, and
tion without the assistance of several individuals. Connie Walsh, Developmental Editor at Springer,
We would like to acknowledge Richard Hruska, who patiently put up with our constant emails,
Senior Editor at Springer, who demonstrated belief phone calls, and numerous revisions.

Christian de Virgilio

Areg Grigorian
 XI

Contents

I Acute Care Surgery

1 Fever and Hypotension in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Monica Lee, Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Joanne M. Bando

2 Nausea, Vomiting, and Left Groin Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and David C. Chen

3 Abdominal Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Jill Q. Klausner and David C. Chen

4 Right Leg Pain, Swelling, and Erythema for Two Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Monica Lee, David C. Chen, Areg Grigorian, Paul N. Frank, and Christian de Virgilio

I Question Set: Acute Care Surgery

II Breast and Skin

5 Abnormal Screening Mammogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Danielle M. Hari

6 New Palpable Mass in the Right Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Danielle M. Hari

7 Recently Changed Skin Lesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Arezou Yaghoubian and Junko Ozao-Choy

II Question Set: Breast and Skin

III Cardiothoracic

8 Chest Pain, Diaphoresis, and Nausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Areg Grigorian, Ryan Ou, Paul N. Frank, and Peyman Benharash

9 Chest and Back Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Ryan Ou, Paul N. Frank, and Peyman Benharash

10 Hemoptysis, Cough, and Weight Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Ryan Ou and Peyman Benharash

III Question Set: Cardiothoracic

IV Endocrine

11 Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass on CT Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Eugene J. Park, Masha J. Livhits, and Michael W. Yeh
XII Contents

12 Fatigue, Constipation, and Depressed Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

James X. Wu, Paul N. Frank, and Michael W. Yeh

13 Intermittent Episodes of Sweating, Palpitations, and Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Eugene J. Park, Masha J. Livhits, Areg Grigorian, and Michael W. Yeh

14 Neck Mass that Moves with Swallowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

James X. Wu and Michael W. Yeh

IV Question Set: Endocrine

V Head and Neck

15 Progressively Hoarse Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Kevin A. Peng, Irene A. Kim, and Vishad Nabili

16 Lump on the Neck Increasing in Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Jon Mallen-St. Clair, Aaron J. Feinstein, and Vishad Nabili

17 Aural Fullness, Hearing Loss, and Tinnitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Andrew M. Vahabzadeh-Hagh, Edward C. Kuan, and Vishad Nabili

V Question Set: Head and Neck

VI Hepatopancreaticobiliary

18 Postprandial Right Upper Quadrant Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Manan P. Shah, Matthew Y. C. Lin, and Christian de Virgilio

19 Right Upper Quadrant Pain, Fever, Nausea, and Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Manan P. Shah, Matthew Y. C. Lin, Paul N. Frank, and Christian de Virgilio

20 Severe Epigastric Pain with Nausea and Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Areg Grigorian, Matthew Y. C. Lin, and Christian de Virgilio

21 New Onset of Painless Jaundice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

James X. Wu, Christian de Virgilio, Matthew Y. C. Lin, and Danielle M. Hari

VI Question Set: Hepatopancreaticobiliary

VII Lower Gastrointestinal

22 Bright Red Blood per Rectum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Tracey D. Arnell and Beverley A. Petrie

23 Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Christian de Virgilio, Areg Grigorian, Beverley A. Petrie, and Tracey D. Arnell

24 Pencil-Thin Stools and Intermittent Constipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, Tracey D. Arnell, and Beverley A. Petrie
 XIII
Contents

25 Chronic Constipation Presenting with Severe Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Beverley A. Petrie and Tracey D. Arnell

26 Left Lower Quadrant Pain and Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Christian de Virgilio, Tracey D. Arnell, Paul N. Frank, and Beverley A. Petrie

27 Fatigue and Bloody Diarrhea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Sarath Sujatha-Bhaskar, Areg Grigorian, and Christian de Virgilio

VII Question Set: Lower Gastrointestinal

VIII Neurosurgery

28 Neck Pain and Extremity Weakness Following Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Richard G. Everson, Jose Manuel Sarmiento, and Isaac Yang

29 Loss of Consciousness Following Head Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Isaac Yang and Richard G. Everson

VIII Question Set: Neurosurgery

IX Orthopedic

30 Multiple Extremity Injuries After Motorcycle Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Areg Grigorian, C. Max Hoshino, Spencer Albertson, and Kevin W. Rolfe

31 Immediate Swelling After Trauma to the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

D’ Ann E. Arthur, Spencer Albertson, and Kevin W. Rolfe

32 Adolescent Male with Right Groin Pain and Limp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

John F. Fleming III, Tracy Kim Kovach, and Kevin W. Rolfe

33 Chronic Right-Hand Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Arezou Yaghoubian and Kevin W. Rolfe

IX Question Set: Orthopedic Surgery

X Pediatric

34 Full-Term Male Infant with Respiratory Distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Veronica F. Sullins, Rivfka Shenoy, and Steven L. Lee

35 Infant with Bilious Emesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Rivfka Shenoy, Veronica F. Sullins, and Steven L. Lee

36 Infant with Nonbilious Emesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Veronica F. Sullins, Rivfka Shenoy, and Steven L. Lee

37 Infant Born with Abdominal Wall Defect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Justin P. Wagner, Rivfka Shenoy, and Steven L. Lee
XIV Contents

38 Excessive Drooling in a Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Veronica F. Sullins, Rivfka Shenoy, and Steven L. Lee

X Question Set: Pediatric Surgery

XI Surgical Complications

39 Postoperative Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, Dennis Y. Kim, Paul N. Frank, and Jeffry Nahmias

40 Postoperative Decreased Urine Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Dean Spencer, Dennis Y. Kim, Christian de Virgilio, Areg Grigorian, and Jeffry Nahmias

41 Shortness of Breath 5 Days After Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Jacquelyn L. Phillips, Christian de Virgilio, Areg Grigorian, Paul N. Frank, and Jeffry Nahmias

XI Question Set: Surgical Complications

XII Trauma

42 Abdominal Pain Following Motor Vehicle Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Areg Grigorian, Alexis L. Woods, Christian de Virgilio, and Dennis Y. Kim

43 Penetrating Abdominal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Jeffry Nahmias, Areg Grigorian, and Dennis Y. Kim

44 Pedestrian Struck by Motor Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Zane W. Ashman, Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Dennis Y. Kim

45 Gunshot Wound to the Left Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Sebastian D. Schubl, Alexis L. Woods, Christian de Virgilio, and Dennis Y. Kim

46 Stab Wound to the Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Patrick T. Delaplain, Christian de Virgilio, Areg Grigorian, and Dennis Y. Kim

47 Burns to the Face, Trunk, and Extremities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Victor C. Joe, Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Dennis Y. Kim

48 Severe Right Leg Pain After Tibia Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Austin R. Dosch, Areg Grigorian, Christian de Virgilio, and Dennis Y. Kim

XII Question Set: Trauma

XIII Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

49 Bloody Emesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Areg Grigorian, Viktor Gabriel, Christian de Virgilio, and Brian R. Smith

50 Severe Epigastric Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

Viktor Gabriel, Sahil Aggarwal, and Brian R. Smith
 XV
Contents

51 Weight Loss and Early Satiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Sahil B. Gambhir and Brian R. Smith

52 Chest Pain After Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Tiffany T. Pham and Brian R. Smith

XIII Question Set: Upper Gastrointestinal

XIV Urology

53 Scrotal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

Areg Grigorian, Fuad F. Elkhoury, and Jeremy M. Blumberg

54 Scrotal Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Areg Grigorian, Fuad F. Elkhoury, and Jeremy M. Blumberg

55 Blood in Urine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Jeremy M. Blumberg, Fuad F. Elkhoury, and Kiran Gollapudi

XIV Question Set: Urology

XV Vascular

56 Transient Loss of Vision in the Right Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Areg Grigorian, Jessica Beth O’Connell, and Christian de Virgilio

57 Right Calf Pain with Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Divya Ramakrishnan and Christian de Virgilio

58 Sudden Onset of Severe Left-Sided Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Michael de Virgilio and Nina M. Bowens

59 Cold, Painful Right Lower Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Manan P. Shah, Nina M. Bowens, and Christian de Virgilio

XV Question Set: Vascular

Supplementary Information
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Contributors

Sahil Aggarwal, BS David C. Chen, MD

School of Medicine, University of California, Department of Surgery
Irvine School of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles
Irvine, CA, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected] [email protected]

Spencer Albertson, BS Jon Mallen-St. Clair

University of California, Irvine Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology –
Irvine, CA, USA Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
[email protected] Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Tracey D. Arnell, MD
Department of Surgery, NY Presbyterian Columbia Patrick T. Delaplain, MD
New York, NY, USA Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles
[email protected] Los Angeles, CA, USA

Department of Surgery,
D’ Ann E. Arthur, MD
University of California, Irvine Medical Center
Department of Orthopaedics
Orange, CA, USA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
[email protected]
Torrance, CA, USA
[email protected]
Christian de Virgilio, MD
Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Zane W. Ashman, MD, MA
Torrance, CA, USA
Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA, USA College of Applied Anatomy
[email protected] Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Joanne M. Bando, MD [email protected]
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
UCLA Medical Center Michael de Virgilio, BS
Los Angeles, CA, USA Boston University School of Medicine
[email protected] Boston, MA, USA
[email protected]
Peyman Benharash, MD
Division of Cardiac Surgery Austin R. Dosch, MD
University of California at Los Angeles Department of Surgery
Los Angeles, CA, USA University of California, Irvine Medical Center
[email protected] Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
Jeremy M. Blumberg
Urology, Department of Surgery Fuad F. Elkhoury
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Department of Urology,
Torrance, CA, USA University of California, Los Angeles
[email protected] Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Nina M. Bowens, MD
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Richard G. Everson, MD
Harbor UCLA Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery
Torrance, CA, USA David Geffen School of Medicine of the
[email protected] University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA
 XVII
Contributors

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Victor C. Joe, MD, FACS

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center UC Irvine Department of Surgery
Torrance, CA, USA UC Irvine Health Regional Burn Center
[email protected] Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
Aaron J. Feinstein, MD, MHS
Head and Neck Surgery Dennis Y. Kim, MD
University of California Los Angeles Medical Center Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Los Angeles, CA, USA Torrance, CA, USA
[email protected] [email protected]

John F. Fleming III Irene A. Kim

Spinal Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Head and Neck Surgery
Rancho Los Amigos/LA County Hospital University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA Santa Monica, CA, USA
[email protected] [email protected]

Paul N. Frank, MD Jill Q. Klausner, MD, MS

Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Surgery
[email protected] David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Viktor Gabriel, MD [email protected]
General Surgery, University of California, Irvine
Orange, CA, USA Tracy Kim Kovach, MD
[email protected] Orthopaedic Surgery, Harbor-UCLA
Torrance, CA, USA
Sahil B. Gambhir, BSc, MD [email protected]
Department of Surgery
University of California, Irvine Medical Center Edward C. Kuan, MD, MBA
Orange, CA, USA Otolaryngology-­Head and Neck Surgery
[email protected] University of California, Irvine Medical Center
Orange, CA, USA
Kiran Gollapudi [email protected]
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Monica Lee, BA
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine
Torrance, CA, USA Orange, CA, USA
[email protected] [email protected]

Areg Grigorian, MD Steven L. Lee, MD

Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery
Orange, CA, USA UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital
[email protected] Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Danielle M. Hari, MD
Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology Matthew Y. C. Lin, MD
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Clinical Surgery, University of California San Francisco
Torrance, CA, USA San Francisco, CA, USA
[email protected]; [email protected]
[email protected]
Masha J. Livhits, MD
C. Max Hoshino Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine,
Orthopedic Surgery, Harbor-­UCLA Medical Center University of California, Los Angeles
Torrance, CA, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA
Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Center [email protected]
Torrance, CA, USA
[email protected]
XVIII Contributors

Vishad Nabili Jacquelyn L. Phillips, BS

Department of Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, UC Irvine Medical Center
UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen Irvine, CA, USA
School of Medicine at UCLA [email protected]
Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected] Divya Ramakrishnan, BS
Department of Surgery, UC Irvine School of Medicine
Jeffry Nahmias, MD, MHPE Irvine, CA, USA
Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine [email protected]
Orange, CA, USA
[email protected] Kevin W. Rolfe, MD, MPH
Orthopedic Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical
Jessica Beth O’Connell, MD Center and Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Center
Department of Surgery Torrance, CA, USA
University of California Los Angeles [email protected]
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jose Manuel Sarmiento, MD, MPH
Department of Vascular Surgery
Department of Neurosurgery
Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Ryan Ou, MD
Sebastian D. Schubl, MD
Department of Surgery
Emergency General Surgery, Department of Surgery
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center
University of California, Irvine
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Junko Ozao-Choy, MD
Manan P. Shah, BS
Division of Surgical Oncology
David Geffen School of Medicine,
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
University of California, Los Angeles
Torrance, CA, USA
Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Eugene J. Park, BA
Rivfka Shenoy, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine,
Department of General Surgery, UCLA
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Brian R. Smith, MD
Kevin A. Peng, MD
Department of Surgery and General Surgery Residency
House Clinic
Program, University of California Irvine Medical Center
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Beverley A. Petrie, MD
Dean Spencer, MD
Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal
Department of Surgery
Surgery, Harbor-­UCLA Medical Center
University of California Irvine Medical Center
Torrance, CA, USA
Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
[email protected]

Tiffany T. Pham, MS
Sarath Sujatha-Bhaskar, MD
Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine
Department of Surgery
Orange, CA, USA
University of California Irvine Medical Center
[email protected]
Orange, CA, USA
[email protected]
 XIX
Contributors

Veronica F. Sullins, MD Arezou Yaghoubian, MD

Pediatric Surgery, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital Plastic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected] [email protected]

Andrew M. Vahabzadeh-Hagh, MD Isaac Yang, MD, FAANS, FACS

Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Department of Neurosurgery
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Reagan UCLA Medical Center
Los Angeles, CA, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Department of Surgery
Ronald Harbor UCLA Medical Center
Justin P. Wagner, MD
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Pediatric Surgery
University of Nebraska Medical, Radiation Oncology
Children’s Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Institute
Omaha, NE, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]
Head and Neck Surgery
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Alexis L. Woods, MD
Los Angeles, CA, USA
UC Davis Medical Center
[email protected]
Sacramento, CA, USA
[email protected]
Michael W. Yeh, MD, FACS
Surgery and Medicine, Section of Endocrine Surgery
James X. Wu, MD
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
[email protected]
Los Angeles, CA, USA
[email protected]