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Part 2:Examine Functionality of the TCP and UDP Protocols

Step 1:Examine multiplexing as all of the traffic crosses the

network.

a.Click Capture/Forward once. All of the PDUs are transferred to the switch.

b.Click Capture/Forward again. Some of the PDUs disappear. What do you

think happened to them?

Trả lời: Các PDU được lưu trong switch

c. Click Capture/Forward six times. All clients should have received a reply.
Note that only one PDU can cross a wire in each direction at any given time.
What is this called?

Trả lời: Cơ chế Multiplexing

d. A variety of PDUs appears in the event list in the upper right pane of the
simulation window. Why are they so many different colors?

e. Click Back eight times. This should reset the simulation.

NOTE: Do not click Reset Simulation any time during this activity; if you do,
you will need to repeat the steps in Part 1.

Step 2: Examine HTTP traffic as the clients communicate with the

server.

9.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Simulation – Exploration of TCP and UDP

Communication Answers

Oct 29, 2016 Last Updated: May 15, 2023 CCNA 1 Exam
Answers, CCNA v6 3 Comments
Read Article

9.3.1.2 Packet Tracer Simulation – TCP and UDP Communications

(Instructor Version – Optional Packet Tracer)

Topology
Packet Tracer Simulation – TCP and UDP Communications

Objectives

Part 1: Generate Network Traffic in Simulation Mode

Part 2: Examine the Functionality of the TCP and UDP Protocols

Background

This simulation activity is intended to provide a foundation for

understanding the TCP and UDP in detail. Simulation mode provides
the ability to view the functionality of the different protocols.

As data moves through the network, it is broken down into smaller

pieces and identified in some fashion so that the pieces can be put
back together. Each of these pieces is assigned a specific name
(protocol data unit [PDU]) and associated with a specific layer.
Packet Tracer Simulation mode enables the user to view each of the
protocols and the associated PDU. The steps outlined below lead the
user through the process of requesting services using various
applications available on a client PC.

This activity provides an opportunity to explore the functionality of

the TCP and UDP protocols, multiplexing and the function of port
numbers in determining which local application requested the data
or is sending the data.
Part 1: Generate Network Traffic in Simulation Mode

Step 1: Generate traffic to populate Address Resolution Protocol

(ARP) tables.

Perform the following tasks task to reduce the amount of network

traffic viewed in the simulation.

a. Click MultiServer and click the Desktop tab > Command Prompt.

b. Enter the ping 192.168.1.255 command. This will take a few

seconds as every device on the network responds to MultiServer.

c. Close the MultiServer window.

Step 2: Generate web (HTTP) traffic.

a. Switch to Simulation mode.

b. Click HTTP Client and click the Desktop tab > Web Browser.

c. In the URL field, enter 192.168.1.254 and click Go. Envelopes

(PDUs) will appear in the simulation window.

d. Minimize, but do not close, the HTTP Client configuration window.

Step 3: Generate FTP traffic.

a. Click FTP Client and click the Desktop tab > Command Prompt.

b. Enter the ftp 192.168.1.254 command. PDUs will appear in the

simulation window.

c. Minimize, but do not close, the FTP Client configuration window.

Step 4: Generate DNS traffic.

a. Click DNS Client and click the Desktop tab > Command Prompt.

b. Enter the nslookup multiserver.pt.ptu command. A PDU will

appear in the simulation window.

c. Minimize, but do not close, the DNS Client configuration window.

Step 5: Generate Email traffic.

a. Click E-Mail Clien and click the Desktop tab > E Mail tool.

b. Click Compose and enter the following information:

1) To: [email protected]
2) Subject: Personalize the subject line

3) E-Mail Body: Personalize the Email

c. Click Send.

d. Minimize, but do not close, the E-Mail Client configuration

window.

Step 6: Verify that the traffic is generated and ready for simulation.

Every client computer should have PDUs listed in the Simulation

Panel.

Part 2: Examine Functionality of the TCP and UDP Protocols

Step 1: Examine multiplexing as all of the traffic crosses the

network.

You will now use the Capture/Forward button and the Back button in
the Simulation Panel.

a. Click Capture/Forward once. All of the PDUs are transferred to the

switch.

b. Click Capture/Forward again. Some of the PDUs disappear. What

do you think happened to them? They are stored in the switch

c. Click Capture/Forward six times. All clients should have received a

reply. Note that only one PDU can cross a wire in each direction at
any given time. What is this called? Multiplexing.

d. A variety of PDUs appears in the event list in the upper right

pane of the simulation window. Why are they so many different
colors? They represent different protocols.

e. Click Back eight times. This should reset the simulation.

NOTE: Do not click Reset Simulation any time during this activity; if
you do, you will need to repeat the steps in Part 1.

Step 2: Examine HTTP traffic as the clients communicate with the

server.

a. Filter the traffic that is currently displayed to display

only HTTP and TCP PDUs filter the traffic that is currently displayed:

1) Click Edit Filters and toggle the Show All/None check box.
2) Select HTTP and TCP. Click anywhere outside of the Edit Filters
box to hide it. The Visible Events should now display
only HTTP and TCP PDUs.

b. Click Capture/Forward. Hold your mouse above each PDU until

you find one that originates from HTTP Client. Click the PDU
envelope to open it.

c. Click the Inbound PDU Details tab and scroll down to the last
section. What is the section labeled?

Trả lời: TCP

Are these communications considered to be reliable? Trả lời: Có

d. Record the SRC PORT, DEST PORT, SEQUENCE NUM, and ACK
NUM values. What is written in the field to the left of
the WINDOW field?

Trả lời: 1028, 80, 0, 0, FLAGS: 0b00000010

e. Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to

the HTTP Client with a checkmark.

f. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are
the port and sequence numbers different than before?

Trả lời: 80,1025, 0, 1, FLAGS: 0b00010010

i. Click Back until the simulation is reset.

Step 4: Examine DNS traffic as the clients communicate with the

server.

a. In the Simulation Panel, change Edit Filters to display only DNS

and UDP.

b. Click the PDU envelope to open it.

c. Click the Inbound PDU Details tab and scroll down to the last
section. What is the section labeled?

Trả lời: UDP

Are these communications considered to be reliable?

Trả lời: No
d. Record the SRC PORT and DEST PORT values. Why is there no
sequence and acknowledgement number?

Trả lời: 1025, 53. Bởi vì UDP không cần thiết lập kết nối tin cậy

e. Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to

the DNS Client with a checkmark.

f. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are
the port and sequence numbers different than before?

Trả lời: 53, 1025. Source Port và destination port

g. What is the last section of the PDU called?

Trả lời: DNS ANSWER

h. Click Back until the simulation is reset.

Step 5: Examine email traffic as the clients communicate with the

server.

a. In the Simulation Panel, change Edit Filters to display only POP3,

SMTP and TCP.

b. Click Capture/Forward. Hold your cursor above each PDU until you
find one that originates from E-mail Client. Click that PDU envelope
to open it.

c. Click the Inbound PDU Details tab and scroll down to the last
section. What transport layer protocol does email traffic use?

Trả lời: TCP

Are these communications considered to be reliable?

Trả lời: Có

d. Record the SRC PORT, DEST PORT, SEQUENCE NUM, and ACK NUM
values. What is written in the field to the left of the WINDOW field?

Trả lời: 1025, 25, 0, 0, FLAGS:0b00000010

e. Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to

the E-Mail Client with a checkmark.
f. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are
the port and sequence numbers different than before?

Trả lời: 25, 1025, 0, 1, FLAGS: 0b00010010

Source port và destination port đảo ngược, acknowledgement
number là 1.

g. Click the Outbound PDU Details tab. How are the port and
sequence numbers different from the previous two results?

Trả lời: 1025, 25, 1, 1

Source port và destination port đảo ngược, cả sequence number và
acknowledgement number là 1.

h. There is a second PDU of a different color that Email Client has

prepared to send to MultiServer. This is the beginning of the email
communication. Click this second PDU envelope and
select Outbound PDU Details.

i. How are the port and sequence numbers different from the
previous two PDUs?

Trả lời:
1025, 25, 1, 1. PSH+ACK hay FLAGS = 0b00011000. Source port và
destination port đảo ngược, cả sequence number và
acknowledgement number là 1.

j. What email protocol is associated with TCP port 25? What protocol
is associated with TCP port 110?

Trả lời: SMTP. POP3

k. Click Back until the simulation is reset.

Step 6: Examine the use of port numbers from the server.

a. To see TCP active sessions, perform the following steps in quick

succession:

1) Switch back to Realtime mode.

2) Click MultiServer and click the Desktop tab > Command Prompt.
b. Enter the netstat command. What protocols are listed in the left
column?

Trả lời: TCP

What port numbers are being used by the server?

Trả lời: 21

c. What states are the sessions in?

Trả lời: ESTABLISHED

d. Repeat the netstat command several times until you see only one
session still ESTABLISHED. For which service is this connection still
open?

Trả lời: TCP

Why doesn’t this session close like the other three? (Hint: Check the
minimized clients)
Trả lời: Bởi vì server đang đợi password từ client.