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Understanding Half-Wave Rectifiers

Half-wave rectifiers convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage using diodes, which allow current to flow in one direction. They are essential in DC power supplies and can be coupled with transformers for voltage adjustment and safety. Full-wave rectifiers improve efficiency by allowing current flow during the entire input cycle, while filters and regulators stabilize the output voltage against fluctuations.

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49 views31 pages

Understanding Half-Wave Rectifiers

Half-wave rectifiers convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage using diodes, which allow current to flow in one direction. They are essential in DC power supplies and can be coupled with transformers for voltage adjustment and safety. Full-wave rectifiers improve efficiency by allowing current flow during the entire input cycle, while filters and regulators stabilize the output voltage against fluctuations.

Uploaded by

afraza543211
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Half-wave Rectifiers

Because of their ability to conduct


current in one direction and block
current in the other direction, diodes are
used in circuits called rectifiers that
convert ac voltage into dc voltage.
Rectifiers are found in all dc power
supplies that operate from an ac voltage
source.
Half-wave Rectifiers
Half-wave Rectifiers
The rectifier converts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage.
The rectifier converts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage.
The regulator is a circuit that maintains
a constant dc voltage for variations in the
input line voltage or in the load.
Half-Wave Rectifier Operation
Half-wave Rectifier
Average Value of the Half-Wave Output
Voltage

Example 2-2
Effect of Potential Barrier
Transformer Coupling
Itallows the source voltage to be stepped
down as needed.
The ac source is electrically isolated from
the rectifier, thus preventing a shock
hazard in the secondary circuit.
Transformer Coupling
Turns Ratio = Nsec / Npri
Turns Ratio > 1  Step Up
Turns Ratio < 1  Step Down
Secondary Voltage of Transformer

Example 2-4 (Do it by yourself)


Full-wave Rectifiers
A full-wave rectifier allows
unidirectional (one-way) current through
the load during the entire 360o of the
input cycle.
Full-wave Rectifier
Example 2-5
Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier
Operation
Operation
Effect of the Turns Ratio on the
Output Voltage
Effect of the Turns Ratio on the
Output Voltage
Bridge Full-wave Rectification
Bridge Full-wave Rectification

…

Example 2-7 (Assignment)


Peak Inverse Voltage
For rectifier applications, peak inverse
voltage (PIV) or peak reverse
voltage (PRV) is the maximum value
of reverse voltage which occurs at
the peak of the input cycle when the
diode is reverse-biased.
Power Supply Filters &
Regulators
A power supply filter ideally eliminates
the fluctuations in the output voltage of a
half-wave or full-wave rectifier and
produces a constant-level dc voltage.
A voltage regulator prevents changes in
the filtered dc voltage due to variations in
input voltage or load.
Power Supply Filters &
Regulators

The small amount of fluctuation in the


filter output voltage is called Ripple.
Capacitor-Input Filter
Capacitor-Input Filter
Capacitor-Input Filter
Capacitor-Input Filter
Ripple Voltage
Example 2-8
Solution
Voltage Regulators
Percent Regulation
The line regulation specifies how much
change occurs in the output voltage for a
given change in the input voltage.
It is typically defined as a ratio of a change
in output voltage for a corresponding
change in the input voltage expressed as a
percentage.
Percent Regulation
The load regulation specifies how much
change occurs in the output voltage over
a certain range of load current values,
usually from minimum current (no load,
NL) to maximum current (full load, FL).
Example 2-9

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