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0% detected as AI Caution: Review required.

The percentage indicates the combined amount of likely AI-generated text as It is essential to understand the limitations of AI detection before making decisions
well as likely AI-generated text that was also likely AI-paraphrased. about a student’s work. We encourage you to learn more about Turnitin’s AI detection
capabilities before using the tool.

Detection Groups
0 AI-generated only 0%
Likely AI-generated text from a large-language model.

0 AI-generated text that was AI-paraphrased 0%

Likely AI-generated text that was likely revised using an AI-paraphrase tool
or word spinner.

Disclaimer
Our AI writing assessment is designed to help educators identify text that might be prepared by a generative AI tool. Our AI writing assessment may not always be accurate (it may misidentify
writing that is likely AI generated as AI generated and AI paraphrased or likely AI generated and AI paraphrased writing as only AI generated) so it should not be used as the sole basis for
adverse actions against a student. It takes further scrutiny and human judgment in conjunction with an organization's application of its specific academic policies to determine whether any
academic misconduct has occurred.

Frequently Asked Questions

How should I interpret Turnitin's AI writing percentage and false positives?

The percentage shown in the AI writing report is the amount of qualifying text within the submission that Turnitin’s AI writing
detection model determines was either likely AI-generated text from a large-language model or likely AI-generated text that was
likely revised using an AI-paraphrase tool or word spinner.

False positives (incorrectly flagging human-written text as AI-generated) are a possibility in AI models.

AI detection scores under 20%, which we do not surface in new reports, have a higher likelihood of false positives. To reduce the
likelihood of misinterpretation, no score or highlights are attributed and are indicated with an asterisk in the report (*%).

The AI writing percentage should not be the sole basis to determine whether misconduct has occurred. The reviewer/instructor
should use the percentage as a means to start a formative conversation with their student and/or use it to examine the submitted
assignment in accordance with their school's policies.

What does 'qualifying text' mean?

Our model only processes qualifying text in the form of long-form writing. Long-form writing means individual sentences contained in paragraphs that make up a
longer piece of written work, such as an essay, a dissertation, or an article, etc. Qualifying text that has been determined to be likely AI-generated will be
highlighted in cyan in the submission, and likely AI-generated and then likely AI-paraphrased will be highlighted purple.

Non-qualifying text, such as bullet points, annotated bibliographies, etc., will not be processed and can create disparity between the submission highlights and the
percentage shown.

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[Activity 1]

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Introduction

Hidden Paradise Guest House is a tranquil hillside retreat in Pokhara, Nepal, offering spectacular
views of Phewa Lake and the Annapurna Mountain range. Located in Sedi Bagar, just a short
distance from Lakeside, it provides a serene escape enveloped in natural Himalayan splendor.
Guests appreciate its peaceful environment, clean mountain air, and authentic Nepali
hospitality, making it an ideal spot for relaxation and rejuvenation.

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[ Activity1]

Introduction

A database management system operates through a DBMS to execute proper software

management and server information organization functions. Users gain DBMS access privileges
to create databases and modify them and execute database deletion instructions. An
information database system needs tools from DBMS to perform storage functions for different
data entities. Future data access operations through performed user searches from previous
sessions are manageable through this system. Backup systems within DBMS frameworks enable
users to handle their data while avoiding duplicate entries through their redundant protection
capabilities. Through its database combination of tables with views and schemas and reports
designed for table structure the system enables organized data management. SQL serves as the
main language for databases because this system operates as a Fourth Generation Query
System to perform database system operations.. The Key Features of DBMS

1. Data Modeling: It helps in the database to create and modify data models and defining the
structure and relationship with the database. For example, Library Management system, Hotel
management system etc.

2. Data Storage: DMBS plays vital for the storage of the date of data and help us to manage and
modify the according to our need. Efficient mechanisms for storing date. For example, Searching
the information of student from college database by their ID

3. Data Security: DBMS Ensure the authorized access to data where without the user

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authorizing other people can’t access the data easily and protecting sensitive information. For
example, Only the company HR can access the employe salary

4. Backup and Recovery: DMBS is software where it atomically backup data and recovers it in
case in system failure, Protecting the date from accidental loose or sometime hardware issues
For example, Airline Restoring ticket booking data after the power outage

Advantage of DBMS:

1. DBMS Support multiuser access where one user can login with any device
2. DBMS helps the organization and other user by providing Facilitates data sharing among users
and applications

Disadvantage of DBMS:

1. In DBMS the complex to design, implement, and manage the date according to our need
2. In DBMS required regular maintenance and update for daily checkup if there is any query
mistake

figure: Database Management system (DBMS)

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Types of DBMS are:

1. Hierarchical Databases: Hierarchical database is an organize data like a tree structure where
data are arranged like in ranks or levels. In level, structure in 2 types Higher level and low-level
data serves as a common link with each other. For example, in college ISMT is at the top level,
while, “Departments” and “Administration” are at the lower levels, even though they are
different entities

fig: Hierarchical database

2. Network Databases: Network Databases Is built in the Hierarchical database model but
allows child class to link to multiple parent record, creating a web like structure of
interconnected data. For example, In the college the “Student”, “faculty”, and “Resources” can
be linked to both “Departments” and “Clubs” having liked with multiple entities

fig: Network Database

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3. NoSQL Databases: A NoSQL is a short from is Non-SQL or Non-relational where it doesn’t

follow the old traditional way of writing the command line or query to operate or create the
table, but in non-SQL the storing of data in a non-tabular forma rather than using in old way like
rational do. Popular Non-SQL Database are as following:

 MongoDB

 Firebase

 Redis etc.

4. Cloud Databases: A cloud database is a virtual environment hosted on cloud computing

platforms. It is designed for storing, managing, and executing data over a server where our local
storage is not used so it helps us to save the storage and its better in security reason so our data
will not lose. Popular cloud platforms offering database services include:

 Amazon Web Services (AWS)

 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

 Microsoft Azure etc.

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What is the Importance of databases in modern world in Business

In today’s modern and digital world, Technology changes according to the tech industry so
business adopt according to this tech industry to maintain them manage massive amounts of
data every day. Database play an important and vital role for the storing the missive data,
organizing, and securing their data, Database are the backbone of business where their
company dare is store if any data leak, then it might cost the fortune as we know that data is
ore valuable then money.

For example, Amazon, one of the biggest E-commerce site or online retailers, uses different
types of databases are used in their tech style for various purpose. It depends on relational
database (SQL) to manage structured data like customer information and order and product and
other thing their details are store in their data base which required large amount of database. It
doesn’t only use relational database but it also uses on other hand, it uses NoSQL database like
DynamoDB to handle other type of data in database

But we are talking about modern and digital world, now days most of the website use cloud to
store their database in modern business one of the most popular platforms is AWS, to store and
access data online. This type of business provides scalability, meaning companies can handle
large amount of data without worrying about storage limit they can extend. They also allow real
time data analysis, helping business respond quickly to customers.

There are different types of databases, each serving a unique purpose:

 Relational Databases (SQL): These databases store structured data in tables and follow
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) rules, ensuring data accuracy and
security. They are widely used for financial transactions, customer management, and
inventory tracking.

 NoSQL Databases: Unlike relational databases, NoSQL databases have a flexible

structure and can handle large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data. They
are ideal for real-time applications, such as social media platforms and recommendation
systems.

 Cloud-Based Databases: These databases operate on cloud platforms, providing

businesses with easy access to data from anywhere. They reduce infrastructure costs
and enable seamless collaboration across teams.

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Real-World Examples of Database Usage

1. Banking: Secure Transactions and Customer Management

Banks rely on databases to store and manage customer details, account balances, transaction
histories, and loan records. Bank have one of the largest databases where each bank has more
the one lakh user daily so it required large amount of database to store the user information in
private so that only authorities have only access to this information. For example, JPMorgan
Chase uses relational databases (SQL) to process millions of transactions daily while ensuring
security, accuracy, and fraud detection. Whenever a customer deposits or withdraws money,
the database updates in real-time to reflect the new balance, ensuring seamless financial
operations. Databases also help banks analyze customer spending habits to offer personalized
financial products like loans and credit cards.

2. E-commerce: Product Management and Customer Experience

Online shopping platforms like Amazon use databases to manage millions of products, track
orders, and personalize recommendations. Such as in Amazon has multiple databases where
some as cloud storage using MERN stack where MongoDB is used here to store some database
according to the authorities. Amazon uses relational databases (SQL) to store structured data
such as customer details, order history, and payments. At the same time, it uses NoSQL
databases (like DynamoDB) to handle unstructured data such as product reviews and browsing
history. When a user searches for a product, the database retrieves relevant results instantly.
Additionally, Amazon’s recommendation system analyzes past purchases and browsing behavior
to suggest products, improving customer experience and increasing sales.

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Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

ERD stands for Entity Relationship Diagram where that illustrates represents the graphical
relationship between the entity and attribute and it’s a visual represent of the database in table.
The ERD diagram helps us to define the structure of a database by representing entities their
attributes and the relationships between them. An ERD provides a blueprint for designing
databases and their table and ensuring that data is organized and interconnected efficiently.

In DBMS database design, an entity is a real-world object which exist in real world which and
touch through the physical world, concept, or person about which you want to store data
The entity which is the real-world object while an attribute is a characteristic or property that
describes an entity. for example, Hidden Paradise Hotel

Entities:

 Guest: Represents hotel guests.

 Room: Represents hotel rooms.

 Reservation: Represents guest reservations.

 Staff: Represents hotel staff members.

 Service: Represents hotel services (e.g., laundry, dining)

Attributes:

 Guest: GuestID (PK), GuestName, Address, Phone.

 Room: RoomNumber (PK), RoomType, Price.

 Reservation: ReservationID (PK), GuestID (FK), RoomNumber (FK), CheckInDate,

CheckOutDate.

 Staff: StaffID (PK), StaffName, Position.

 Service: ServiceID (PK), ServiceName, ServicePrice.

Relationships:

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 Guest-Reservation: One guest can have many reservations (1:M).

 Room-Reservation: One room can have many reservations (1:M).

 Staff-Reservation: One Staff member can create many reservations (1:M).

 Reservation-Service: One reservation can have many services (1:M).

Why Use ER Diagrams In DBMS?

ERD stand for Entity Relation Diagrams where ER Diagrams represents the E-R model in a
database where it easy to convert into the relation in tables were in row and column. In ER
Diagrams it provides the purpose of real-world modeling of objects which makes them intently
useful where we have a map for building the database from starch and its easy just drag and drop
just adding the text and making their relation between the multiple entities and attribute with a
key argument. Where ER Diagram requires no technical Knowledge of the underlying DBMS used
and it gives a standard solution for visualization the data logically.

Symbols Used in ER Model

For making a database we required some symbols to add the entities which represents different
things where it used to model the logical views of the system from a data with different symbols.
They are: -

 Ellipses: Ellipses represent Attributes in the ER Model.

 Diamond: Diamonds represent Relationships among Entities.

 Lines: Lines represent attributes to entities and entity sets with other relationship types.

 Double Ellipse: Double Ellipses represent Multi-Valued Attributes.

 Double Rectangle: Double Rectangle represents a Weak Entity.

 Rectangles: Rectangles represent Entities in the ER Model.

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