BERLINDUNG KEPADA
SAṄGHA
PENJELASAN KUALITAS-KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;
Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito.
Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, Puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;
Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, Saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphalan’ti
“Empat yang sedang berlatih dalam sang jalan
dan empat kokoh dalam buah:
ini adalah Saṅgha yang lurus—
tenang dalam kebijaksanaan dan perilaku bermoral.
Bagi orang-orang yang tekun pada pengorbanan,
bagi makhluk-makhluk hidup yang mencari jasa,
melakukan jasa yang matang dalam perolehan,
apa yang diberikan pada Saṅgha ini menghasilkan buah yang besar.”
(Paṭhama Aṭṭha Puggala Sutta, A 8.59)
S A Ṅ G H A
N U S S AT I
Supaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho,
Ujupaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho,
Ñāyapaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho,
Sāmīcipaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho,
yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni, aṭṭha
purisapuggalā.
Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo
pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo,
anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti
(Vattha Sutta, M 7,7/ 1:37; Mahānāma Sutta, A 6.10,4/ 3:286)
A MISSING VERSE?
Piya Tan (2006: 161) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
S A Ṅ G H A
N U S S AT I
“Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā
pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā
anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa?
Katame aṭṭha?
[Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya
paṭipanno, sakadāgāmī,
sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya
paṭipanno, anāgāmī,
anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno,
arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno]
(Paṭhama Aṭṭha Puggala Sutta, A 8.59; Dutiya Aṭṭha Puggala Sutta, A 8.60)
2 KINDS OF SAṄGHA
S Āhuneyyo
A
Worthy of offerings
A R
Pāhuneyyo
M Worthy of hospitality Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ
I
lokassāti
M Dakkhiṇeyyo
A supreme field of
Y
merit for the world
U Worthy of gifts
A
T Añjalikaraṇīyo
Worthy of salutation
I with the lotus palms
Piya Tan (2006: 153) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
Piya Tan (2006: 154-5) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
8 KINDS OF NOBLE INDIVIDUALS
MAGGA (PATH)
He is already PHALA (FRUITION)
walking that path, he has “become” a
and as such is on fullfledged saint of
the way “to be” a that category
full-fledged saint
2. “one on the way to realize the fruition of arhathood”; 1. The arhat
4. “one of the way to realize the fruition of non-return”; 3. The non-returner
6. “one on the way to realize the fruition of once-return”; 5. The once-returner
8. “one of the way to realize the fruition of streamwinning.” 7. The streamwinner
Note:
Technically, the odd numbers—(1), (3), (5) and (7)—denote full-fledged saints of fruition (phala) in their
respective categories, and the even numbers—(2), (4), (6) and (8)—denote “saints of the path” (magga)
4 CATEGORIES OF SAINTHOOD
Piya Tan (2006: 154-6) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
The Arhat (Arahata) The Non-returner (Anāgāmī)
• Has broken all the 10 mental fetters. • Has eliminated the
01 • 5 Kinds of arhats (Vism 710):
1.those wisdom-freed (paññā,vimutti)
02 fetters of (4) sensual
2.Those Freed by wisdom and of
craving and (5) ill will
mind (ceto,vimutti) • Rebirth in the pure
3.Tevijja abodes (suddhāvāsa)
4.Chaḷabhiññā
5.Paṭisambhidā,patta
The Once-returner (sakadāgāmī) The Streamwinner (Sotāpanna)
• overcome the first 3 fetters, • has broken the first 3 fetters
03 • has removed (4) sensual 04 • will never break any of the 5
craving and (5) ill will in their precepts nor be reborn
grosser forms lower than the human realm
(A 1:231-235)
The 10 fetters are:
(1) Self-identity view (sakkāya,diṭṭhi), (2) doubt (vicikicchā), (3) attachment to rituals and vows (sīla-b,bata,parāmāsa), (4) sensual
lust (kāma,rāga), (5) repulsion (paṭigha), (6) greed for form existence (rūpa,rāga), (7) greed for formless existence (arūpa,rāga),
(8) conceit (māna), (9) restlessness (uddhacca), (10) ignorance (avijjā)
(S 5:61, A 10.13/5:17; Vbh 377).
9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Saṅghānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato
sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato
sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha
purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo, pāhuneyyo, dakkhiṇeyyo, añjalikaraṇīyo,
anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ ariyasaṅghaguṇā anussaritabbā
(Vism 1.211-214)
1.
Supaṭipanna - 9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Keeps to the good way Piya Tan (2006: 163) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
1. well entered on the way” (suṭṭhu paṭipanna):
sammāpaṭipadaṃ anivattipaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ
apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti.
What is meant is that he has entered on a way (paṭipanna), that is the
right way (sammā paṭipadā), the way that is irreversible, the way that
conforms (with reality), the way that is free from hostility, the way that
is in keeping with the Dharma.
2. Bhagavato ovādānusāsaniṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇantīti sāvakā
They listen (suṇanti) attentively the Blessed One’s instruction, thus they are
“listeners” [disciples] (sāvaka).
3. Sāvakānaṃ saṅgho sāvakasaṅgho, sīladiṭṭhisāmaññatāya
saṅghātabhāvamāpanno sāvakasamūhoti attho.
The community of disciples is the sangha of those listeners. The
meaning is that the totality of disciples forms a discipleship
(sāvaka,samūha) because it comprises those compatible both in moral
virtue and in right view.
1.
Supaṭipanna - 9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Keeps to the good way Piya Tan (2006: 163) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
1. keeps to the good way because it has entered on the
way in keeping with what is instructed in the well-
proclaimed Dhamma and Vinaya, and because it has
straight (uju) entered on the undisputed [clear] way
2. keeps to the straight way because it has entered
true (ñāya) on the way that avoids the two extremes
proper [right] 3. Ñāyo vuccati nibbānaṃ
(sāmīci) True said as Nibbāna
4. keeps to the proper way because it has entered
on the way of those who are worthy of proper
acts (of veneration, etc)
5.
Āhuneyyo - 9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Worthy of offerings Piya Tan (2006: 164) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
1. A gift [sacrifice] (āhuna) is what one brings
that is fit for offering [sacrificing], meaning,
what is brought from afar and worthy of being
given to the morally virtuous.
2. It makes it bear great fruit
3. the word āhavanīya (“that which should be offered
to”), which is used in the sects (nikāya), is the same in
meaning as this word ahuneyya (“worthy of
offerings”).
6.
Pāhuneyyo - 9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Worthy of Hospitality Piya Tan (2006: 164) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
1. The term pahuna also refers to the
“meal for a guest.”
2. those who take the text as pāhavanīya
(“worthy to be shown hospitality”) hold
that the sangha is worthy to be placed first,
and so what is to be given should first of
all be brought here and given (sabba,-
paṭhamaṃ ānetvā ettha hunitabbaṃ),
7.
Dakkhineyyo - 9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Worthy of gifts Piya Tan (2006: 164) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
1. What is given out of faith in the world to
come is called a “gift” (dakkhiṇa)
2. Specifically refers to offerings made for the
benefit of the departed by way of
dedication of merits to them (Kh 7)
3. a teacher’s honorarium (VvA 229 f)
9.
Anuttaraṃ puñña-
k,khettaṃ lokassa -
9 KUALITAS SAṄGHA
Piya Tan (2006: 164-166) “Saṅghānussati – The Recollection on the Saṅgha | The 9 virtues of the noble community – http://dharmafarer.org
A supreme field of merit for
the world
1. An incomparable place in all the
world for growing merit
2. The Vimāna Vatthu Commentary mentions the 3
accomplishments (sampatti) of merit-making as:
1. accomplishment of the field (khetta,sampatti), that is, the
worthy recipient of the gift (the noble sangha, the Buddha,
awakened disciples, etc);
2. accomplishment of mind (citta,sampatti), that is, purity of
intention; and
3. accomplishment of means (payoga,sampatti), that is, the
purity of the procuring the gift.
(VvA 102)
