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The document discusses the differences between bird flight and aircraft navigation, particularly focusing on GPS technology. It outlines the key components and importance of GPS in aviation, as well as how birds navigate using various natural cues. The conclusion highlights the influence of bird flight on the development of aircraft by early aviation pioneers.

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prajwal prajju
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51 views9 pages

bio 1

The document discusses the differences between bird flight and aircraft navigation, particularly focusing on GPS technology. It outlines the key components and importance of GPS in aviation, as well as how birds navigate using various natural cues. The conclusion highlights the influence of bird flight on the development of aircraft by early aviation pioneers.

Uploaded by

prajwal prajju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL.NO. CONTANTS PAGE NO.

1 BIRD FLYING 2
2 GPS 3
2.1 Key components of GPS 4
technology
2.2 Importance of GPS 5
technology in aircraft.
3 GPS and bird flight 7
3.1 Comparing Birds and 8
aircraft in GPS technology
4 Conclusion 9

1
BIRD FLYING - GPS

1. BIRD FLYING:
INTRODUCTION

Birds fly by flapping their wings and using their body weight and the
movement of the air to stay aloft. They navigate using a combination of
visual cues, the Earth’s magnetic field, and Celestial navigation.
Aircraft, on the other hand, use engines to generate thrust and lift from
the wings to stay in the air. They navigate using a combination of
instruments and systems, Including GPS (Global Positioning System),
which uses satellite signals to determine the Aircraft’s position and help
it navigate. Although birds and aircraft both fly, their mechanisms And
methods of navigation are quite different.

 The development of GPS technology was not directly


influenced by birds, but rather by the Need for accurate and

2
reliable navigation systems for various purposes, including
aviation.
 GPS uses a network of satellites to provide location and time
information, which is used by aircraft for navigation,
communication, and safety purposes.

2. GPS( Global Positioning System):


GPS (Global Positioning System) is a technology that uses a network
of satellites to provide location and time information to users. The
technology works by measuring the time it takes for signals to travel
from satellites to a receiver on the ground or in a vehicle, and using
this information to calculate the user’s position.

2.1 Here are some key components of GPS technology:

3
Satellites: The GPS satellite network consists of 24-32 satellites
orbiting the Earth. These Satellites continuously broadcast signals
containing information about their location, time, and status.

Receivers: GPS receivers, which are typically integrated into devices


such as smartphones, navigation systems, and aircraft, receive signals
from GPS satellites and use the information to calculate the user’s
position.

Control segment: The control segment consists of ground-based


monitoring stations that track the GPS satellites, check the accuracy of
their signals, and make adjustments as needed.

User segment: The user segment consists of the GPS receivers used
by individuals andorganizations to obtain location and time
information.

 GPS technology has a wide range of applications, including


navigation, mapping, surveying,search and rescue, and military
operations.
 The accuracy and reliability of GPS have improvedover time,
and the technology continues to evolve with new developments
in satellite andreceiver technology, as well as the integration of
GPS with other technologies such asaugmented reality and
artificial intelligence.

4
2.2 Importance Of GPS Technology in Aircrafts:

Representing GPS technology in aircrafts

Positioning and Navigation: GPS helps aircraft accurately determine


their position and followPrecise routes. Signals from satellites are
received by GPS receivers onboard, allowing the system to calculate
the aircraft’s position.

Flight Planning: GPS assists pilots and planners in creating optimal


flight plans, considering waypoints, altitudes, and current information
on navigation aids, weather, and airspace restrictions.

Approach and Landing: GPS-based navigation systems provide


precise guidance during approach and landing, even in low visibility.
This enhances safety and reduces reliance on ground-based navigation
aids.

5
Air Traffic Management: GPS is integrated into air traffic
management systems, improving airspace efficiency, reducing
congestion, optimizing routing, and enhancing aircraft tracking and
situational awareness for controllers.

Collision Avoidance: GPS contributes to collision avoidance systems


like TCAS and ADS-B. These systems use GPS data to track nearby
aircraft, provide alerts, and ensure safe separation.

Flight Data Recording: GPS data is often recorded by flight data


recording systems, aiding post-flight analysis, accident investigation,
and overall flight safety improvements.GPS technology has
revolutionized aircraft navigation and has become an integral part of
modern aviation. It provides accurate positioning, enhances safety,
improves operational efficiency, and contributes to the overall
advancement of the aviation industry.

3. GPS AND BIRD FLIGHT:

6
Scientists have long known that birds navigate using the earth’s
magnetic field. Now, a new study has found subtle mechanics in the
brain of pigeons that allow them to find their way.

A team at Baylor College of Medicine in the U.S. identified a group


of 53 cells in a pigeon’s brain that record detailed information on the
Earth’s magnetic field, a kind of internal global Positioning system
(GPS).

Experiment:

Prof. Dickman and his colleague Le-Qing-Wu set up an experiment in


which pigeons were held in a dark room and used a 3D coil system to
cancel out the planet’s natural geomagnetic field and generate a
tunable, artificial magnetic field inside the room. While they adjusted
the elevation angles and magnitude of their, artificial magnetic field,
they simultaneously recorded the activity of the 53 neurons in the
pigeons’ brains which had already been identified as candidates for
such sensors.

3.1 Comparing Birds and Aircrafts with GPS Technology


for Navigation:

Criteria Aircrafts Birds


GPS technology in Birds use a combination of
aircraft relies on signals visual cues, magnetic fields,
received from satellites landmarks, and celestial
Mechanism to determine precise navigation to navigate and
position, velocity, and orient themselves during
time. flight.

7
Birds have remarkable
GPS technology navigational abilities but may
provides highly accurate not possess the same level of
position information accuracy as GPS. However,
with a margin of error Birds can adjust their flight path
typically within a few based on real-time
Accuracy
meters environmental cues, Which
allows for more dynamic and
adaptable navigation.

Birds integrate various sensory


inputs for navigation. They can
perceive and interpret visual
cues, such as landmarks and the
GPS technology relies position of the sun or stars, and
solely on receiving they may also have sensitivity
Sensory Input
satellite signals to Earth's magnetic field,
enabling them to navigate
across vast distances.
Birds, on the other hand,
demonstrate remarkable
GPS technology in adaptability in their navigation
aircraft provides abilities. They can adjust their
consistent and reliable flight paths based on changing
navigation regardless of weather conditions, wind
Adaptability
the environmental patterns, and other factors,
conditions ortime of which allows for efficient long
day. distance migration and
navigation through complex
landscapes.

8
GPS technology is a Birds, however, have evolved
human- made over millions of years,
EvolutionaryAspect innovation designed to developing specialized neural
enhance navigation and and physiological adaptations
safety in aircraft. that enable them to navigate and
fly efficiently in diverse
habitats.

4. Conclusion:

Birds flying influenced the invention of aircraft in that early


aviation pioneers, such as the Wright brothers, observed and studied
the flight of birds to develop their flying machines.They noted how
birds used their wings and body to achieve lift and control their flight,
and used this knowledge to design and improve aircraft.

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