History of UK

From years 43-410 AD was the Roman period. At first, the island we know as England
was invaded by two groups of people: the Celts, also known as Bythons and the Gaels.
Next is the Anglo-Saxons period occurred from years 410-1066. The Denmarkish came
from Germany in year 450 as pirates, mercenaries and then colonists. King Vortigen
hired them to protect him from other warring Celtic kingdoms, but instead they took over
and formed Mine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. Eventually, the Nine Kingdoms became the
Anglo-Saxon heptarchy (Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Middlesex, East Anglia, Northumbria,
Mercia) under the ruled King Alfred “the Great” until William of Normandy defeated
them in 1066.
Years 1066-1154 is the reign of the Normans (French language). The Normans were
originally Vikings from Scandinavia and they were the last people to invade England
successfully. in October/14/1066, William of Normandy gathered a force of about 5,000
knights for invasion and he has successfully defeated Harold, the Earl of Wessex at the
Battle of Hastings. On Christmas day 1066, William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
The relationships at this time mainly focused at three classes: Lord, Vassals and Fiefs
which form the basis of Feudalism. With the establishment of the Domesday book in
1086, the Fiefs was extremely harassed by the upper classes in order to collect all kind of
taxes.
The Middle Ages starts from 1154-1485. During this time, England and Scotland
developed clearer self-identified. This time also marked The Beginning of Parliament
1236-1307. The first reference to a “parliament” was mad in 1236. Representatives were
two knights from each shire. Parliament developed through the reign of Edward I to a
role beyond that of 'high court'.
In the late Medieval (1348-1484), The popular and successful Edward III reigned for fifty
years, presiding over a mixed period of success for England in France. Parliament
continued to develop and English rather than French became the language of daily use. A
new reign - the Stewarts - was established Scotland. They would eventually rule England.
The Black Death (1348), a bubonic disease arrived in Britain through the southern coast
ports. The disease was spread by fleas living in the fur of rats, which had caused the
death of around 10%-30% of UK at that time. Labour became scarcer and land was
simply abandoned, many villages was never occupied.
Due to the huge amount of money that need to be paid for the war in France: in 1379,
Poll tax was imposed on every male over sixteen. This situation resulted in the outbreak
of a revolt in 1381: the Peasants’ revolt. King Richard II (1377-99), who was a boy of
fourteen at that time, promised to meet all their demands, but as soon as they dispersed,
the revolt was brutally crushed.
The Hundred Years' War was a long struggle between England and France over
succession to the French throne. The war was between two forces: the King and the
Businessman. It lasted from 1337 to 1453, so it might more accurately be called the "116
Years' War." The war starts off with several stunning successes on Britain's part, and the
English forces dominate France for decades.
Fought between 1455 and 1485, the Wars of the Roses were a dynastic struggle for the
English crown which pitted the Houses of Lancaster and York against each other.
Initially, the Wars of the Roses centered on fighting for control of the mentally ill Henry
VI, but later became a struggle for the throne itself
The Tudor dynasty was a series of kings and queens of England. This line of rulers
started in 1485 and lasted until 1602. The dynasty started when Henry Tudor defeated
Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. This was the final stage of the Wars of the
Roses and made him King Henry VII of England.
The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714, a period which
saw a flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instability, of plague, fire and
war. It was an age of intense religious debate and radical politics.
On 5 November 1605, a guy whose name is Guy Fawkes was captured for planning to
blow up the parliament with gunpowder, he was then executed. King James I declared 5
November a day of national celebration and it is still celebrated up to now.
In 1712, the first successful steam engine was built by Thomas Newcomen and developed
over the next ninety years by James Watt and Richard Trevithick.
During the Georgian Era, the population of Britain grew rapidly from five million in
1700 to around nine million by 1801. The period was marked by extreme luxury and
poverty, the birth of industrialization, and the growth of the British empire.
Due to the thirst of power, Napoleon decided to begin a series of European wars, or the
Napoleon wars (1803—1815). In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain from France
but failed at Trafalgar. He then decided to invade Russia but it was a total defeat which
cost him around 380,000 men. Napoleon returned to Paris in 1815 and was finally
defeated by Wellington at Waterloo on 18 June.
Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914,
corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria's reign (1837–
1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to
vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain's status