Mechanics of Solids
Part 1
3RD SEMESTER
• Prepared By
Intro • ASHJAEE MANSIB CHOWDHURY
• Studies in
Institiute • FARIDPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
• CIVIL ENGINEERING
Dept Info • 2nd YEAR , ROLL: 605
NORMAL STRESS
A Normal stress will occur when a member is placed in
tension or compression.This is the stess when a loaded
member is loaded by axial force.
Bending Stress
Bending stress is a more specific type of normal stress.
The stress caused by the bending moment is known as
Bending stress or Flexure stress. The relationship
between these stresses and the bending moment is
called the flexure formula.
In a beam,the resistence offered by the internal
stresses to the bending moment is called bending
stress.
Bending (looking at radial sections)
Bending Stress Equation
The comprehensive assumptions of bending stress
equations are as follows:
The beam in question has to be straight.Besides it has
to possess a constant cross-section without
aberrations.
The construction of the beam has to be with a
homogeneous material.It must also possessa
symmetrical longitudinal plane.
The bending moment equation derivation states that
the point of the applied load has to lie on its
longitudina plane of symmetry.
Bending Stress Equation
One of the most essential assumptions in the bending
equation is that failure should be a result of buckling
and not bending.
‘E’ or the elastic limit remains constant for both
tension and compression.
The plane cross-section continues to be a plane
throughout the bending process.
Factors or Terms
M=Bending Moment
I=Moment of Inertia exerted on the bending axis.
σ = Stress of the fibre at a distance ‘y’ from the
neutral/centroidal axis.
E= Young’s modulus of beam material
R= Curvture radius of this bent beam.
Elastic Section Modulus
Elastic Section Modulus can be defined as the ratio of
moment of inertia of any fiber to the distance of the
fiber from neutral axis.
Mathematically, Z= I/Ymax
Here,
Ymax = Distance of top or bottom fiber from
neutral axis.
Unit: mm^3
Section Modulus
(Circular Section)
Rectangular Section
Bending Stress Diagram
It is a graphical representation of bending stress with
its characteristics of distribution of the stresses along
the considered beam.
This diagram have 2 parts:
Compression
Tension
Bending Stress Diagram
For bending stress diagram, at first we should clear the
compression and tension along a beam:
Bending of Simply supported Beam:
Bending Stress Diagram
Bending stress for cantilever beam:
Beam
Tension
Beam after Neutral axis
deflection (Compression)
Bending Stress Diagram for
symmetric section
σc
σ=0
σt
For symmetric section, σc = σt.
Bending Stress Diagram for
Unsymmetric Section
σc
σ=0
σt
For Unsymmetric section, σc σt
Problem 1
The simply supported beam in Fig. (a) has a rectangular
cross
section 120 mm wide and 200 mm high. (1) Compute the
maximum bending stress in the beam. (2) Sketch the
bending
stress distribution over the cross section on which the
maximum
bending stress occurs. (3) Compute the bending stress at a
point
on section B that is 25 mm below the top of the beam.
Solution
Preliminary Calculations
The shear force and bending moment
diagrams. M max = +16 kN·m,
occurring at D. The neutral axis (NA)
is an axis of symmetry of the cross
section as shown in Fig. (a). The
moment of inertia of the cross section
about the neutral axis is,
I = bh^3 = 0.12*(0.2)^3 = 800*10^-6 mm^4
12 12
and the distance c
between the neutral axis
and the top (or bottom)
of the cross section is c
= 100 mm = 0.1 m
Part 1
The maximum bending stress in the beam on the
cross section that
carries the largest bending moment, which is the
section at D.
σ max = Mmax*c =( 16*10^3 )*0.1 = 20.0*10^-6
I 80*10^-6 Mpa
Part 2
The stress distribution on the cross section at D is shown in Fig. (d)
(i) The bending stress varies linearly with distance from the neutral
axis;
(ii) Because M max is positive, the top half of the cross section is in
compression and the bottom half is in tension.
(iii)Due to symmetry of the cross section about the neutral axis, the
maximum tensile and compressive stresses are equal in
magnitude.
Part 3
From Fig. (c) we see that the bending moment at
section B is M = +9.28 kN·m. The y-coordinate of the
point that lies 25 mm below the
top of the beam is y = 100 -25 = 75 mm = 0.075 m.
σ = - MY = - (9.28*10^3)*0.075 = - 8.70*10^6 Pa = - 8.70
I 800*10^-6 Mpa
The negative sign indicates that this
bending stress is compressive,
which is expected because the bending
moment is positive and the
point of interest lie above the neutral axis.
