Facts and Figures
Facts and Figures
Fact
igures
FOURTH EDITION
BASIC Newbury
House
DICTIONARY
of American English
The Core of The Core of
English English
Language Language
Learning Learning
Second Edition
Facts
’^Figures
Fourth Edition
Publisher, Adult and Academic ESL: Senior Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury
James W. Brown Compositor: Pre-Press Company, Inc. Project
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Sherrise Roehr Director of Manager: Jane Hoover, Lifland et al,
Product Development: Anita Raducanu Development Editor: Bookmakers
Tom Jefferies Photo Researcher: Gail Magin
Editorial Assistant: Katherine Reilly Illustrator: Barry Burns
Senior Production Editor: Maryellen E. Killeen Technology Cover Designer: Ha Ngyuen
Manager: Andrew Christensen Director of Marketing: Amy Text Designer: Quica Ostrander
Mabley Printer: Courier Corporation
Marketing Manager: Laura Needham
To the Instructor vi
Acknowledgments x
# Unit 1 Animals 1
w —
Lesson 1 The Kiwi 2
Lesson 2 The Camel 6
Lesson 3 The Polar Bear 10
Lesson 4 The Hippopotamus 15
Lesson 5 The Dolphin 20
Word Study 25
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, Dolphins in Honduras 28 Activity
Page 30
Dictionary Page: Finding Antonyms 32
Unit2 How?Why? 33
Unit3 Plants 69
213
Activity Page 215
Dictionary Page: Choosing the Correct Definition 217
Vocabulary 257
Skills Index 260
Irregular Verbs 262
To the Instructor
Facts & Figures is organized into seven units. Each unit contains five
lessons packed with exercises and activities.
• Context Clues. Starting with Unit 2, a context clue exercise at the
beginning of each unit introduces some of the vocabulary for the following
unit. This section is designed to pre-teach particularly important grammar.
• "Before You Read" Questions. These pre-reading questions provide a
motivation for reading the text.
• Vocabulary. The first exercise has sentences taken directly from the
text. All new words are included. This is for practice in reading the
sentences again and writing the new words.
• Vocabulary: New Context. This exercise gives further practice with
the new words in a different context but with the same meaning.
• Vocabulary Review. Vocabulary items are used in subsequent texts
and exercises to give additional review. They are fillins or matching
synonyms and antonyms.
• Questions. These comprehension questions are taken directly from the
text. Those marked with an asterisk are either inference or discussion
questions.
• Comprehension. These are true/false, true/false/no information, or
multiple choice. They include inference and discussion questions marked
with an asterisk.
• Main Idea. Students must choose the main idea of the text from three
possibilities.
• Word Study. A word study section is provided near the
end of each unit. It reinforces structural points, such as verb
forms, pronouns, and comparison of adjectives, that the
students are learning in other classes. It also gives spelling
rules for noun plurals and verb endings. Later units have
charts of word forms. The exercises are not intended to be
complete explanations and practice of the grammar points.
• Writing. Each word study section closes with a writing
exercise.
• Extension Activities. Each unit ends with a set of high-
interest, interactive tasks to help students practice the new
vocabulary and the skills they have learned in more open-
ended contexts.
CNN Video Highlights—The highlight of each set of
extension activities is a short video-based lesson centered
on a stimulating, authentic clip from the CNN video
archives. Each video lesson follows the same sequence of
activities:
Before You Watch encourages students to recall
background knowledge based on their own experiences
or from information presented in the readings.
As You Watch asks students to watch for general
information such as the topic of the clip.
After You Watch gets the students to expand on the
main points of the video by establishing further
connections to the reading passages, their own
experiences, and their ideas and opinions.
Activity Page—Games found on this page encourage
students to practice the vocabulary and structures found in
that unit's lessons in a relaxed, open-ended way.
Dictionary Page—Exercises on this page offer students
practice with dictionary skills based on entries from The
Basic Newbury House Dictionary.
• Skills Index. This index provides teachers and students
with a handy reference for all of the reading and writing skills
introduced in Fact & Figures, as well as all of the
grammatical structures found in the text.
New to This-Edition
The best-selling reading series just got better! The fourth edition of
Facts & Figures contains new readings, new pedagogy, and new
ancillaries.
• A new Unit 5 features high-interest readings on work and leisure that
are relevant to students' lives.
• Ten fresh new readings engage students in fascinating new topics.
The new readings for this edition are as follows:
Unit 2, Lesson 1: Why Do We Yawn?
Unit 2, Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh?
Unit 3, Lesson 5: The Coffee Plant
Unit 4, Lesson 1: Music and Behavior
Unit 5, Lesson 1: Work Hours
Unit 5, Lesson 2: Salaries
Unit 5, Lesson 3: Family-Friendly Companies
Unit 5, Lesson 4: Work Clothes
Unit 5, Lesson 5: Time Off
Unit 7, Lesson 5: Sailing Alone
• Thoroughly checked for factual accuracy, each reading has been
revised to include level-appropriate structures and vocabulary.
• New collocation activities in Units 4, 5, and 7 help students
understand how words fit together in chunks.
• New pedagogical design, photos, and illustrations aid student
comprehension and ease navigation through the text.
• Exam View® Pro test-generating software allows instructors to create
custom tests and quizzes.
• A new website (http://elt.thomson.com/readingandvocab- ulary)
features vocabulary flashcards, crosswords, quizzes, and more to help
students revise for tests.
Acknowledgments
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
during smells kill only feathers
size strange wings beak governme
hurts fly tail nt
1. Cats and dogs_________________birds.
2. A bluebird has blue--------------------------
3. Some students have a scholarship from their--------------------------
4. An airplane can _______because it has__________________
5. What are you cooking? It _ ________________good.
6. My leg----------------. I can't walk on it.
7. Most cats have a long.—- ---------------------- -
8. A person has a mouth. A bird has a___________________
9. Some students are very _________ _. They want to learn English,
but they don't come to class.
10. I cannot buy this shirt. I have _ _______________ three dollars.
11. What _____shoes do you wear?
c Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1
.
Camels live in hot places. D D D
2
.
The camel has a tail. D D D
3 All camels have two humps
. on D D
their backs.
The camel can go without water for a long time. Some people
think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores keeps
food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into
fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store
the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal's body keeps everywhere on
the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not
want to be warm during the day.
The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter
during the day. It stores this heat in its body because the
nights are cool. noun for hot
The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel a little cold
of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair,
because the winters are cold in Central Asia. too
There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long
eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's
eyes.
Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel. Many
people who speak Arabic need all these words because the
camel is very important to them. more or less
to tell about
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
all over camel describe thick
also during about heat
stores cool eyelashes desert
1. Arabic has 150 words to a camel.
2. The _ __________can go without water for a long time.
3. The camel has long_______________.___
4. Some people think it__________________water in its hump.
5. Camels live in the__________________
6. It_________________has long,___________________hair, because the
winters are cold in Central Asia.
7. A camel cannot store the fat___ ____ _ its body.
8. It stores this ______ - in its body because the nights are________________
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
swim afraid North sou
warm weigh ice wide
snow coat bears catch
1. There are brown and black__________________in North America.
2. How much do you------- -? Fifty kilos?
3. Winter is cold. Spring is _ __________Fall is cool.
4. Sometimes children are______________of animals.
5. Do you like to_________ ____in a swimming pool?
6. Italy is ____________ _ of France.
7. Do you want some ._________________in your soft drink?
8. There is ______________all over Canada in the winter.
9. The Sahara Desert is in - -----------Africa.
10. Tenth Street is a________________street.
11. Can you--------------------the ball?
12_________________________________________
Vocabulary Review
Write C before the words or phrases about camels. Write K before the words
or phrases about kiwis.
______ 1. stores heat in its body
______ 2. hump
______ 3. tail
------- 4. big eggs
______ 5. goes without water
______ 6. long, thick hair
______ 7. eyelashes
______ 8. beak
______ 9. desert
______10. wing
______11. hair on its body
______12. feather
BQuestions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. Why do we call the big white bear the polar bear?
2. Why can't people see the polar bear very well?
3. Why does it have a warm coat?
4. How much does it weigh?
5. What does it eat?
6. Where does it go when it is afraid?
7. Why do some people want to kill the polar bear?
8. What do the governments of Russia and the United States say?
*9. Can a polar bear live near New Zealand?
*10. Why doesn't a polar bear eat fruit and vegetables?
e Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. The polar bear lives .--------
a. at the South Pole c near the North
b. in warm countries d. on land
2. At the North Pole, there is no
_____________________________
a. ice c snow
b. water . d. land
3. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because .________
a. it has a yellow-white coat c it can run very fast
b. it goes under the snow . d it goes into the water
4. The polar bear_______for food. .
a. catches land animals c catches sea animals and fish
b. looks for trees . d looks for fruit and
. vegetables
5. When the polar bear is afraid, it _ —
a. goes into the sea c runs away
b. goes under the snow . d stands up on its wide feet
6. The governments of Russia and the United. States say that_________
a. the polar bear is beautiful c. no one can kill the polar bear
b. the polar bear has a warm coat d. the polar bear cannot live near
the North Pole
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. People like to kill polar bears because they have beautiful coats.
2. Polar bears live north of the Arctic Circle in the snow and ice.
3. Polar bears live north of the Arctic Circle, eat fish and sea animals, and
have warm, yellow-white coats.
The Hippopotamus lesso
n
4
■
M
mg
Vocabulary: New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the
text.
beside large stays mammal spend nose
plants lake above breathe stomach high
1. The camel is a____________________ but the kiwi is a bird.
2. Food goes from your mouth into your__________________
3. How do you smell a beautiful flower? You__________________in
through your nose.
4. Hippos eat____________________ Polar bears eat fish and sea animals.
5. I want to talk to you. Please sit___________________me.
6. Tom likes to____ ___________his free time in the Student Union.
He___________________there a few hours every day.
7. Birds can fly ______________ the trees.
8. ___________________Geneva is a beautiful lake in Switzerland.
9. The polar bear is a__________________animal. It is very big.
10. New York City has a lot of__________________buildings.
to 17
--------------------:-------------------------------------------------------
--------------------—
Lesson 4: The Hippopotamus
c Vocabulary Review
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Can you_______a polar bear? What does it look like?
a. hurt b. describe c. catch d. store
2. Many birds fly_______in the winter to a warmer place.
a. north b. wing c. south d. wide
3. These birds fly_______in the summer to a cooler place.
a. north b. wing c. south d. wid
4. Roses beautiful. e
____________
a. swim b. catch C smell d. hurt
.
5. The kiwi is _____bird.
a a. strange b. warm c. hurt d. wid
6. My hand ___. I can't write. e
____________
a. flies b. catches C
smells d. hurt
.
d Questions
6 Comprehension: True/False/No Information
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if there is no
information about the sentence in the text.
______- 1. Hippo babies are born alive.
______2. Hippos eat plants.
______3. Hippos live under water.
______4. A hippo can close its eyes.
______5. A hippo breathes under water.
______6. A hippo looks for food on the land during the day.
--------7. A hippo has long eyelashes to keep water out of its eyes.
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The hippopotamus is a large African animal that spends a lot of time in the
water and eats plants.
2. The hippopotamus has its eyes, ears, and nose high up on its head.
3. The hippopotamus walks on the land at night, and it sleeps during the day.
Do
Th
lesson
lp
hi
5
n
e
20
The Dolphin
Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with
sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a three or more
people or
"school." They don't study, but they travel together. animals
Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information.
They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a
dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds
under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very
high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium. (An aquarium is a
zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be
away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they
save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them.
They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
together luck travel believe
dolphins lonely group feeling
save show sounds s scientis
1. Dolphins___________________ma____________________
2. Sometimes they___________________somebody's life.
3. Can__________________talk?
4. They are sad and--------------------------
5. They_________________their____________________ with sounds.
6. - —-----------. make tapes of their sounds and study them.
7. Many people------.-------------------this.
8. They don't study, but they travel____________________
9. Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with__________________
10. They say dolphins bring good__________________ b Vocabulary:
New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for the words in the text.
lonely dolphin together save
sounds believe scientists stori
show travel feels es grou
1. The_________ p sea.
_ _ - is a mammal, but it lives in the
2. Many students at a large university feel_______________.____They don't
have many friends.
3. Do you like to__________________to different countries?
4.___________ Please______ me your picture.
5. Children like to play _________________in the snow.
6. There is a__________________of Omani students in our class.
7. Is it true? Do you__________________it?
8. ________________study animals and many other things.
9. She ___________._________ happy today because it's warm outside.
10. You must ____________._____your money. Don't spend it on a new car.
11. It is difficult to pronounce some English--------------------------
Vocabulary Review
Put each word in the correct group in the chart. Some words go in both groups.
eyelashes hump wmg feath
tail beak nose er arm
le
g stomach hand eyes
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Can dolphins talk?
2. What is a school of dolphins?
3. What do dolphins talk about?
4. When do they say "Welcome"?
5. Do they make more sounds above water or under water?
6. Can people hear dolphin sounds? Why?
7. How does a dolphin feel in an aquarium?
*8. Do dolphins bring good luck?
*9. Dolphins are not fish. What is the difference between dolphins and fish?
e I Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Dolphins talk with________
a. words b. their hands c. sounds d. music
2. Dolphins talk when they________
a. play b. listen c. show d. kill
3. They make more sounds________.
a. above water b. under water c. for tapes d. in
4. Scientists study school
___of dolphins.
__________________
a. shows b. schools c. aquariums d. tapes
5. Dolphins like to be
_ a. at an aquarium b. in their school c. lonely d. on a
6. What sentence is not true? tape
a. A dolphin can save a person's life.
b. People like to watch dolphins.
c. Dolphins always bring good luck.
d. A dolphin can talk with sounds.
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Dolphins use words to show how they feel and to give information.
2. Dolphins travel together and talk with sounds.
3. Dolphins live in the sea and in aquariums.
4. The dolphin is a mammal, and scientists can tape it.
Examples: My car is new. Their hair is thick.
Singular
I-my you-your she-her he-his it-its
Word Study
Possessive Pronouns
Plural we-
our you-
your they-
their
Put the right pronoun in each blank.
1. The camel stores food in_____
2. Maria likes._____
_____hump. ______classes this
3. I use___________
year.
4. Polar bears use __
dictionary every day.
5. Do you have_____
front legs like arms.
6. Scientists listen to
___cassette tapes with you?
7. Carlos and his family swim
___________tapes.
in every day.
pool
8. David drives______________
9. We go to the university on___
car to class.
10. A baby hippo rides on ______. ________bicycles.
________mother's back.
Verbs: Present Tense
H | Spelling
26
d Comparisons I
Sometimes we compare two things. We tell how they are different. Add -er to short words
(words with only one syllable) to compare two things. Use than with the word ending in -er.
Examples: A camel is big.
A polar bear is bigger than a camel.
Carlos is 20 years old. David is 18. Carlos is older than David.
Spelling: If a word has one syllable with one vowel in the middle and one consonant at the
end, double the consonant when you add -er. This is the one-one-one (1-1-1) rule.
Examples: big - bigger hot - hotter
Put the right comparison form in each sentence.
(strange) 1. A kiwi is____________________a bluebird.
(thick) 2. A Bactrian camel's hair is_______________________an
Arabian camel's hair.
(hot) 3. Oman is________________________Switzerland.
(warm) 4. Italy is_______________________France.
(large) 5. Saudi Arabia is ___________________-___Kuwait.
(tall) 6. Marie is________________________Masako.
(fat) 7. Jon is__________________________Robert.
(young) 8. My sister is _____________________ my brother.
(cold) 9. Ice is_______________________water.
(small) 10. A dolphin is__________________a polar bear.
e I Writing
Use real information to write your answers.
1. Which animal in Unit 1 is the most interesting to you? Why?
2. Describe an important animal in your country.
3. What can some animals do that people cannot do?
27
(a: Before You Watch
1. What do you already know about dolphins? Write one fact.
As You Watch
28 *
— ------------------------------------------------- ------
I Init 1 • Anima!<;
C After You Watch
People Dolphins
2. What is the most interesting fact you learned from the video?
Write it here, and then discuss it with your classmates.
29
Video
Highlights
Activity Page
______
Ogg
[al. Crossword Puzzle
1 3 4
2 7 8
Across
1. Camels, humans, and dolphins are all--------------------
2. Both dolphins and humans have these.
6. A large body of water
9. This land mammal lives in the desert and has a
hump.
Down
2. This helps a dolphin to swim.
3. Possessive form of I
4. Scientists study the________________dolphins make
under water.
7. A hippopotamus is not small; it's----------------------
8. Same as #6 across
[61 Guess the Animal
Do this activity with a partner.
1. Think of an animal from Lessons 1-5. Do not tell your partner.
2. Your partner asks three questions. Each question must begin
with "Does it ..." or "Is it ...."
Examples: Is it a mammal?
Does it live on land?
Is it white?
3. Answer your partner's questions with "Yes" or "No." Your
partner tries to guess the name of the animal.
3
Activity Page
1
Finding Antonyms
Antonyms are words that are opposite (or nearly opposite) in meaning. For example, the
words large and small are antonyms. Not all words have an antonym.
1. A good dictionary gives antonyms for many words. Read the dictionary definition
below. What is an antonym for the word warm?
warm adjective
1 having heat, but not hot: I like warm summer days.
2 friendly: Her friends love her for her warm smile. See: hot.
Antonym: cool.
2. Match each word in Column A with its antonym in Column B. Write the letter of the
antonym to the right of the word in Column A. Use your dictionary to check your
work.
Column A Column B
high_______ a. outside
same _ b. down
long_______ c. cold
big________ d. false
true_______ e. low
hot________ f. short
inside________ g. small
up________ h. different
32 ữ
------11 -----------------------------------------------------
Context Clues
Sometimes you can understand the meaning of a new word from the
other words in the sentence. Read each sentence below. Then
choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word in bold
(dark) type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in
this unit.
1. Some shoes stretch after you wear them for a while.
a. get thicker c. get shorter
b. get longer d. weigh more
2. Fish live in lakes, rivers, and oceans. They don't live on land.
a. seas c. trees
b. north d. south
3. We often read about Queen Elizabeth II in the newspaper. She is
a very famous woman.
a. many people like her c. many people know about
her
b. no one knows her d. many people believe her
4. It is easy to make a salad. Mix some lettuce, tomatoes, and
cucumber.
a. put together c. save
b. eat d. store
5. Indonesia, theSenegal, and Cuba are in the
Philippines, tropics.
a. hot, dry parts of the c. cold, wet parts of the
world world
b. cold, dry parts of d. hot, wet parts of the
the world world
6. I feel relaxed with my friends. I don't feel relaxed during a test.
a. tired c. not nervous
b. cold d. thick
7. Walking and swimming are good exercise. Watching TV and driving a car
are not good exercise.
a. physical activity c. ways to get to work
b. sounds d. ways to travel
8. That plant is poisonous. Don't eat it.
a. smells bad c. can kill
b. is cool d. is green
9. It is important to be alert when you drive a car.
a. able to swim c. able to smell
b. able to act quickly d. able to talk
10. Both Isamu and Kumiko are from Japan. They come from the city of Tokyo.
a. the two of them c. the five of them
b. not any d. all of them
11. Swimming is difficult for me. I can't do it for very long.
a. easy c. not easy
b. thick d. cool
12. Mr. Baker is 75. He can't hear sounds very well. He is hearing impaired.
a. can't see well c. can't hear well
b. can't walk well d. can't run well
13. Tom can eat a whole pizza. I can eat only a few pieces.
a. all of it c. some of it
b. part of it d. one piece of it
Context Clues
lesso Why Do We Yawn?
n
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for the
words in the text.
alert deep muscles migh
boring excited quickly t stret
contagious however race ch yaw
1. Soccer players have strong leg_______________because they n run a lot.
2. I_________________go to the party, but I'm not sure.
3. Headaches are not___________________
4. Airplane pilots need to be--------------------------on the job.
5. A kiwi is a bird__________________, it doesn't have wings.
6. Children can't sleep when they are____________________
7. He doesn't like to swim in___________________water.
8. Swimmers are tired after a long--------------------------------
9. Do you breathe _____________ when you are afraid?
10. Do you cover your mouth when you_________ —?
11. You should_________________in the morning. It's good for your muscles.
12. He thinks traveling is------------------------------, but I think it's exciting.
Find an antonym (a word that is opposite in meaning) in Column B for each word in Column
A. Write the letter and word from Column B beside the word in Column A. The first one is
done for you.
Column A Column B
1. slowly f quickly _________________ - close
a
2. large-------------------------------------b. interested
3. same _________________________ c. everyone
4. above_________________________d. false
5. open__________________________e. after
6. bored________________________ f. quickly
7. before_________________________g. different
8. cool ______.. h. below
9. no one_________________________i. small
10. true__________________ _ J. warm
Question
s (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
The asterisk
1. How do people yawn?
2. What happens to your muscles when you yawn?
3. What usually happens when you see someone yawn?
4. How long does a yawn last?
*5. Why do Olympic runners yawn before a race?
*6. What other things are contagious?
■
Comprehension: True/False
Main Idea
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (el) True, False,
or Don't Know.
Tr False Don't
ue Know
not sick
Vocabular
y right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
Put the
clubs exercise medicine rel
connect hard naturally we
equals laugh pretend ll so
1. When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This on helps you______________
2. That is a_________________question to answer.
3. For one thing, laughter is good__________________
4. In India, there are hundreds of laughter___________________
5. In English, people say that laughter is the best___________________
6. Do you__________________every day?
7. Laughter helps sick people get--------------------------
8. Many scientists believe that we use laughter to__________________to
other people.
9. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they
_________________to laugh.
10. ------------------------everyone is laughing----------------------------
11. Scientists say that one hundred laughs___________________ten minutes
of running.
jg ■ 1
» Vocabulary: New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
clubs exercise medicin relax
connect hard natural well
equals laugh pretend soon
In the movies, actors to be someone
______________________ else.
2. It's hard to--------------------------before a test.
3. Five plus ten_________________fifteen.
4. You need to ,___._____________a telephone before you can use it.
5. Playing soccer, walking, and bicycling are types of-------------------------
6. You should go to a doctor when you don't feel---------------------------
7. It's__________________to laugh when you hear something funny.
8. You can buy____________-_______in a drugstore or pharmacy.
9. Many high school students belong to school---------------------------
10. I think science is easy, but my brother thinks it is--------------------------
11. I like her stories because they make me___________________
12. The bus should be here__________________It's never late.
Vocabulary Review
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. How many times a day do people laugh?
2. At a laughter club, what do people do first?
3. Why is laughter good for you?
4. What happens to your muscles when you laugh?
5. What happens to your breathing when you laugh?
*6. Why do scientists think that laughter helps us connect to other people? *7.
What kind of things make people laugh?
Main Idea -
■ Vocabulary: New
HR Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
Underline the word that does not belong with the other two.
Example: red, book, blue
1. zoo, aquarium, university
2. lake, snow, ice
3. yawn, laugh, fly
4. together, modem, new
5. polar bear, dolphin, ocean
6. hour, travel, fly
7. cool, warm, thick
8. scientist, teacher, salty
Id) Questions
The asterisk (★) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What does salt mix well with?
2. Is there salt in lakes and rivers?
3. Where does river water go?
4. Where does some of the ocean water go?
5. Where does the salt in the ocean go?
6. Does river water or ocean water have more salt?
7. Why are some lakes very salty?
8. Name two famous salty lakes.
9. What is Utah? Where is it?
10. Which is saltier, the Atlantic Ocean or the Dead Sea?
*11. Are there fish in the Dead Sea?
6 Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*)
means you have trihink of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
- ■■ 1. Salt mixes with water.
______ *2. Clouds have salt in them.
______ 3. Water on the land moves into lakes and rivers.
______ 4. There is salt in rivers.
5. Rivers have more salt than oceans.
______ 6. Salt evaporates.
______ 7. Ocean water is about 21///o salt.
______ 8. The Great Salt Lake is in the United States.
Main Idea
People kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their
enemies. People and animals can move around and find
something to kill. They can run away from an enemy. They not friends
can kill it if it is necessary.
Many kinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot
run away from their enemies. Some plants are poisonous. If
an animal eats part of the plant, it gets sick or dies. Animals
learn to stay away from these plants. There are many kinds
of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert
or in the tropics.
Farmers use many kinds of poison on their farms. Most hot, world
wet parts of the
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
expensive tropics poisonous instead of
enemies if grow cheap
kinds farmers collect farms
1. Many________ _______of animals eat plants.
2. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their-----------------------------
3. ________________use many kinds of poison on their--------------------------
4. Scientists_________________poisonous plants and study them.
5. Some plants are__________________
6. Maybe farmers can use__________________poison from plants
________________expensive poison from petroleum.
7. Most of them ________ in the desert or in the________________________
8. They can kill it ___ _________ it is necessary.
9. Most of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum
IS_________________________
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
expensive tropics collect grow if
cheap farm kind enemy
instead of farmers poisonous
1. David's parents have a big___________________They are
■ Vocabulary Review —Í M
Put the right word in each blank. believe describe size
group together save
scientists show hard lonely during
1. Can you_________________an cooler store
aquarium? Tell me about one. bored
2. Some_________________teach at universities, and some work
in laboratories.
3. Don't walk to class every day. Buy a bicycle. You can_____________time.
4. I don't .__________________you. It isn't true.
5. Keiko is_________________She wants to see her friends and family.
6. Sam is .__ __________He doesn't have anything to do.
7. Maria and Tony usually study___________________
8. It is______________- under a tree than in the sun.
9. A camel is about the same . _________________as a large horse.
10. It's_________________to learn a new language.
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Why do people and animals kill?
2. Can plants run away from an enemy?
3. What happens to an animal that eats a poisonous plant?
4. What do animals learn about these plants?
5. Where do most poisonous plants grow?
*6. Why do farmers use poison on their farms?
7. Where do most poisons come from?
8. Why do scientists collect and study poisonous plants?
e Comprehension: Multiple Choice
f Main Idea
lesson How Do Many Hearing-
F
A B C D E
G H ■ ' K L
o á w 'f
MN D p Q R
5 T u V wX
y z
______________________________9
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the
text. example interprets both
si n
ideas whole g star dance
difficult
each other hearing-impaired
1. Two hearing-impaired people can talk to______________
2. Some hand signs are for__________________words.
3. _________________people cannot hear sounds well.
4. Sometimes a person who can hear___________________for hearing-
impaired people.
5. Many hearing-impaired people use________________language.
6. Others are more__________________, for example, the signs for
_________________, egg, and week.
7. They__________________use sign language.
8. There are hand signs for different actions, things, and______________
9. A sign language is almost like a___________________
Ml ... .
■ Vocabulary: New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the
text. idea each other hearing-impaired
example interprets both
si n
whole g stars dance
difficult
1. Mary cannot hear very well. She is___________________
2. Ali works for the government. He__________________Arabic and English.
3. A large________________on the wall says "No Smoking."
4. Masako and Carlos speak English to___________________
5. Nadia and David__________________study engineering.
6. You cannot see the_______________ in the sky during the daytime.
7. Japanese is a _____ ■ _ _ _ language. It's not easy.
8. The_________________class is here today. No one stayed at home.
9. There is a__________________for students on Saturday.
10. The class wants to have a party. It's a good______________
Vocabulary Review
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
______ 1. Hearing-impaired people cannot hear sounds well.
______2. A person who interprets for hearing-impaired people cannot hear.
______3. There are more signs for whole words than for letters.
______4. Japanese Sign Language is the same as American Sign Language.
______5. Fingerspelling is useful for names and technical words.
______6. It is difficult for children to learn sign language.
Main Idea
The verb be: Put a form of the verb be before the subject.
Exampl subject verb
e: Petroleu is expensive
m .
Is petroleum expensive
Other verbs: Put do or does at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple
verb.
Examples:
subject verb
Change laugh every day.
each laugh every
Do I
day?
subject verb
A worker moves the fish.
Does a worker mov the
sentence to a question. e fish?
1. A large house is expensive.
2. Bill does his homework in the afternoon.
3. Rivers run toward the ocean.
4. Many people drink coffee.
5. Mary is a good tennis player.
6. Kiwis are strange birds.
7. I am late.
8. The test is difficult.
9. She dances well.
10. They exercise every day.
lf6J There ls/There Are
Use there is before a singular noun. Then use it for the singular noun.
Example: There is a lake nearby. It is very large.
Use there are before a plural noun. Then use they for the plural noun.
Example: There are many dolphins in the ocean. They travel
in schools.
Look at the noun after the blank. Then write there is or there are in the first blank. Write it
or they in the second blank.
1. ______________a kiwi in the zoo_________________sleeps
during the day.
2. ______________a chair beside the window._________________
is blue.
3. ______________wonderful mountains in India.
--------------------are in the north.
4. ---------------- many muscles in your face.
______________help you laugh.
5. ________a large farm near here._________________
grows fruit trees.
■
K -er
= A Person
Compound Words
A compound word is two words put together to make one word. The meaning is like the
meanings of the two words.
Example: sun + light = sunlight (light from the sun)
Put the right zoords in the blanks.
summertime seafood daytime yellowtail
sunlight underline stoplight bedroom
1. Gina likes fish and other--------------------------
2. Read each sentence. Put a circle around the subject. the verb.
3. Most people work during the____________________ . Some
work at night.
4. Be careful when you drive. If the__________________is red,
you must stop.
b As You Watch
About ten million people live in the warm Amazon rain forest.
Many of them clear parts of the forest for farms. This is called
"deforestation." The Brazilian farmers cut the forest down so that
they can grow crops and feed their families. Ten percent of the
famous Amazon rain forest is gone now.
Ecotourism is a modem idea that tries to protect the rain forest.
Tourists travel from all over the world. They come to enjoy the
forest and learn about nature. A tour guide leads a group through
the forest. They stay at hotels in the villages and buy local crafts.
Ecotourism brings jobs and money to the people who live in the
Amazon forest. They do not have to destroy the rain forest just to
make a living.
2. Write two questions about the rain forest in Brazil. Begin your
questions with "Why" and "How." Discuss your questions with
your classmates.
a. Why
_______________________________________ 7
b. How
_________________________________________________7
The 12 words in the Word Search List are in the grid below. The
words may be in a row or in a column. They may be backwards.
Find and circle each word.
evaporate
enemy
si n
g
■...
mix
connect
breathe
M E I V D I s R E y N E A JpTBD
CIELR X G E E
X A s p LENoI MTXT
T u L o RGCK F N D I
poLRL sE I u N R o H IESwE Y L L
A p T K
GBNN QN TU
E DAHM
Dictionary Page
Learning Word Forms
1. A dictionary tells you the form of a word (for example, noun, verb, adjective,
or adverb). Read the dictionary definitions below. What is the noun form of
the verb relax?______________________________________
relax I ra'laks/uerb relaxes
1 to stop work and enjoy oneself: She relaxes by riding her bicycle.
2 to stop being nervous, tense, angry, etc.: Why don't you stop being
angry and relax for a while!
relaxation I .rilak'seiJan /noun (no plural) a process of relaxing, such as
freeing the mind of worry: For relaxation, he plays golf on the weekends.
2. What is the verb form of each noun below? Make a guess. Then check your
guesses by looking in your dictionary.
Noun Verb
relaxation relax
description
belief
weight
excitement
evaporation
interpretation
Dictionary Page
3. Choose the correct word in parentheses to complete each sentence.
Example: It's important to have some time for
. relaxation
(relaxation I relax)
Context Clues
lesso The Date Palm
n
c
buildings. Today we can see these pictures in art museums. People
think that the palm tree is beautiful. People thought the same
thing a long time ago.
basket
(al Vocabular
(al y
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
burn date palm southern wood
leaves grow feed art
a o
g wonderful baskets museums
stone
1. Today we can see these pictures in__________________
2. They use the _______________and the — ____ to build houses.
3. Today date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa,
__________________Europe, and other warm parts of the world.
4. The____-____________is a____________________tree.
5. They______________ . . the other parts of the tree to cook their food.
6. Seven thousand years_______________, people in Syria and Egypt ate dates.
7. They make___ - _______from the leaves.
8. They made pictures of date palms on their_____________ buildings.
9. They___ _____them to their animals.
[6 Vocabulary: New
Context
]
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
southern palm burn leaves
wonderful wood basket museu
feed a o
g dates m stone
1. Some trees have very large green--------------------------
2. Argentina is in the ------------------ part of South America.
3. Marie started to study English five years___________________
4. Stone cannot__________________Wood can.
5. People burn_____ ________when they make a fire.
6. A science _________________is a very interesting place.
7. There is a__________________of fruit on the table.
8. Pam has a small _ ______________in her shoe. It hurts her foot.
9. One kind of tree gives oil. People make soap from it.
10. People dry_________________. and keep them for a long time.
11. He has a________ . _____house. It's beautiful.
12. They _______ the camels several times a day.
Vocabulary Review
Questions
(el- Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
Main Idea
Before You Read
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
just hate become disease
better feed fertilizer lakes
machines crop so energy
1. Rice is an important - . ... -in Asia.
2. Tom became very sick with a strange____________ _. He died.
3. A grade of 90% is . ________________than a grade of 60%.
4. I am__________________tired that I can't study.
5. Patty is ._______________- a baby. She cannot walk.
6. Farm_________________make the work easier.
7. Many farmers in China make their own__________________
8. Some students_________________to study. They just want to have a
good time.
9. Mary wants to______ an engineer.
10. We use gas and oil for
■ ... ..Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word, phrase, or symbol from Column B that
means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. also_______ a. two
2. difficult______ b. not able to hear
3. wonderful______ well
4. both_______ c. not cheap
5. famous______ d. hard
6. kinds_______ e. %
7. hearing- f. very good
impaired g. too
8. expensive______ h. well known
9. percent______ i. types
10. group______ j. several
Questions
——
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. Your cannot find it in the text.
1. Where does the water hyacinth grow?
2. Why do people hate this plant? Give three reasons.
3. Water hyacinths are a free crop. What does this mean?
4. How can people use water hyacinths? Tell four ways.
5. What is the difference between methane gas and other gas?
*6. Cheap energy is very important for poor countries. Why?
e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*) means
you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
_______1. Water hyacinths grow very thick on some tropical lakes and
rivers.
_______2. Sometimes the water under the plants cannot move.
_______ 3. Water hyacinths help make water clean.
_______4. Maybe farmers can use water hyacinths.
*5. Water hyacinths grow in parts of Asia and Africa. , 6.
Some kinds of fish like to eat water hyacinths. 7. Water
hyacinths can be used to make petroleum. *8. These plants can
bring farmers more money.
Main Idea
Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail
under the correct main idea. The first one has been done for you.
Two of the details do not belong under a main idea.
Main Ideas
1. People hate water 2. Water hyacinths can
hyacinths. be useful.
Details
a. Some fish like to eat them.
b. The plants stop the water from moving.
c. People cannot travel on the water.
d. People can make fertilizer out of them.
e. Maybe people can make methane gas.
f. They have beautiful flowers.
g. People can feed them to animals.
h. We burn gas from petroleum for energy.
i. People cannot fish.
j. The water carries diseases.
lesson Rice
sandals
а, Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
brooms grass probably West
rice rugs eastern soil
sandals even roofs insects
1. They also make baskets _ _______________._________________,
__________________, and _________________for their houses.
2. Rice is a kind of_________________
3. People all over the world eat __________________
4. Farmers grow rice in many countries,__________________in the southern
part of the United States and in__________ _____Australia.
5. Some__________________are enemies of rice.
б. Another kind _ ______________grew m____________________Africa.
7. Upland rice grows in dry___________________
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
even probably nee eastern
rug sandals grass insects
roof soil West broom
1. In the summer, people like to wear____________________instead of shoes.
2. Chicken, _______, and salad make a good dinner.
3. Frank is two years old. He wants to play basketball, but he can't pick
up the ball.
4. We can have our picnic on the__________________under that tree.
5. Paul cleaned the garage floor with a__________________
6. The rain comes through the ___________________of the old house.
7. Korea is in the_________________part of Asia.
8. Some______ __live together in a group.
9. Lebanon is in__________________Asia.
84
10. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It will__________________nun.
11. Plants must have sun, water, and good___________________
12. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have a beautiful new__________________for the
living room floor.
Vocabulary
Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means
the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. bored______ a. easy
2. large_______ b. cold
3. quickly______ c. slowly
4. enemy_______ d. northern
5. difficult______ e. small
6. hate_______ f. friend
7. cheap______ g. interested
8. collect_____ h. pass out
9. heat_______ i. expensive
10. southern______ j. love
Questions
e Comprehension: True/False/No Information
f. Main Idea
W
86 //
Oranges lesso
n
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
around wild section love
skin oranges raise smel
seeds shiny thin l swe
The Chinese started to et
— - orange
_______________________ trees
_________________4,400 years ago.
2. They are___________________and juicy.
3. Some have a thick_______ , and some have a
___________________ skin.
4. Many different kinds of_________ oranges grow there today.
5. They are in ________________, so it is easy to eat them.
6. Chinese art has _________old pictures of oranges and orange trees.
7. Some oranges do not have any __________________
8. It has a lot of ______green leaves.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
quickly lovely sweet wild
sections raise shines leav
seeds around thin skin
1. Japanese__________________- fish on farms n the sea.
2. The Syrians made__________._______pictures of date palms
on stone buildings.
3. Plants grow from__________________
4. A bird has feathers on its__________________A camel has hair.
5. The polar bear and the hippo are ----------------- - — animals.
6. There are three__________________of the beginning class.
7. The sun __________________every day in the desert.
8. Dates and oranges are__________________
9. Carlos is fat. Pablo is__________________
10. People started eating dates 7,000 years ago.
89
gn
[gl Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
interpreter museums become bett
diseases energy luck er gras
west east broom s roof
even insects sandals soil
1. Sweden is_________________of Norway and---------------------------
of Finland.
2. Students always_________________very busy at the end of the semester.
3. Many kinds of.. _______________ _ _ eat farmers' crops.
4. The Smiths have_________ - all around their house. There are
also flowers and trees.
5. Desert__________________is very dry.
6. People can get some__________________from drinking dirty water.
7. Tom looked everywhere for his dictionary. He___________________
looked in his car.
8. Roberto is an___________________He works in Geneva.
9. Tourists usually go to art ____________ - to see beautiful pictures.
10. Your feet feel cool when you wear__________________
11. Lois is a________________student than Helen. Helen is not a
good student.
12. The_________________is on the outside of the house. The ceiling is on
the inside.
[d Question
s (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
J
The asterisk
text.
1. Describe an orange.
2. Do all oranges have seeds?
3. Describe an orange tree.
4. Where did orange frees probably come from?
*5. Who plants wild orange trees?
6. How did Europeans learn to raise oranges?
7. How did the United States get orange trees?
8. What does orange mean?
*9. Why did people in Saudi Arabia eat dates instead of oranges?
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*) means you have
to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Oranges are_______
a. shiny and green c. sweet and juicy
b. old and wild d. thin and white
2. Some oranges do not have_______
a. seeds c.flowers
b. sections d. a skin
3. Orange leaves are_______
a. shiny c. sweet
b. thick d. wild
4. There are many______orange trees in China today.
a. shiny c. wild
b. thin d. thick
5. Europeans learned to plant orange trees from farmers in________
a. the Middle East and Asia c. China
b. Florida d. Spain
*6. Oranges do not grow in________
a. India c. Mexico
b. Sweden d. North Africa
f Main Idea
9
1
lesson The Coffee Plant
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
by hand half protect produces modern
chance pick unfortunately typically country
1. What__________________is south of Canada?
2. Feathers--------------------a bird from the cold.
3. _______ cars have air bags to protect people.
4. Many people make their clothes________________
5. How do people______________dates from a date palm?
6. When you cut something in____________, you have two equal
pieces.
7. The date palm_________________dates.
8. Polar bears_____________live in cold places.
9. There is no__________________that she will come with us.
10. I want to go to the party, but_______I need to work.
94 _________________________________
M. ..
Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three.
1. oranges, dates, rice, water hyacinth
2. south, east, west, northern
3. leaves, flowers, fruit, insects
4. broom, machine, roof, sandals
5. ocean, lake, desert, aquarium
6. raise, grow, produce, kill
7. expensive, excited, bored, tired
8. hate, save, kill, hurt
d'- Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Which country produces the most coffee?
2. When does a coffee plant start producing coffee beans?
3. For how many years does the coffee plant produce fruit?
4. Why do people pick coffee beans by hand?
*5. Why can't machines pick the beans well?
6. Why do some farms raise coffee plants under the sun?
*7. Is it cheaper to grow coffee plants under trees or in the sun?
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
______ 1. The coffee plant is a small tree.
______ 2. There is only one way to grow coffee plants.
______3. Most coffee farms are in southern countries.
______4. A coffee plant typically produces fruit for more than 40 years.
______5. It's difficult to pick coffee by hand.
______6. You need less fertilizer and water to grow coffee under trees.
______ 7. Farms can grow more coffee when they cut down the trees.
______8. It's better to grow coffee plants on large farms.
Main Ideas
2. Modem way of growing
1. Old way of growing coffee
coffee
Details
a. plants grow under trees
b. plants grow in the sun
c. uses more fertilizer
d. uses less fertilizer
e. produces less coffee
f. produces more coffee
g. cuts down the large trees
h. uses large trees
i. uses less water
j. uses more water
k. doesn't provide a home for birds
l. provides a home for birds
Wọrdổtudf
Add -ed to most verbs to make the past tense. If the verb ends in e, just add -d.
smell-smelled raise-raised
earn-earned hate-hated
Use the y rules. (See page 26.) study-studied play-played
Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one) rule. (See page 27.) plan-plannedshop-shopped
Some verbs are irregular. You must memorize the past tense for these verbs.
Comparisons
HU
[dj -y Adjectives
Add -y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective.
cloud-cloudy sun-sunny
Use the 1-1-1 rule. (See page 27.)
sun-sunny But: snow-snowy
If the noun or verb ends in e, drop the e and add -y.
shine-shiny ice-icy
(See the exercise on the following page.)
Add -y to each word. Be careful of the spelling. Then choose the right word for
each sentence.
salt snow juice sun
ice cloud wind shine
1. Yesterday was a beautiful day. It was__________________
The sky is __________ today. The weather is bad.
2. Oranges are___ ______ . Bananas are not.
3. Gold is__________________
4. In winter, there are often — _____ days.
Sometimes the streets become__________________
5. In spring, there are _________ _____ ____days. The wind
blows a lot.
6. This food is too__________________I can't eat it.
61 Writing
100
CM Video Highlights
■tìỂỀtoốáih—:<c — ••';i ••. .;?> -■ 'S&t'S ■-
2. CREI Brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs can all be made from
parts of this plant.
Activity Page
Dictio
1 Make a sentence using the past tense of each verb. Be sure to follow the
spelling rules, and watch out for irregular verbs.
Example: carry The woman carried the food out of the forest
in a large basket.
dance ______________________________________________
see ________________________________________________
make_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
raise _______________________________________________
bt^<20l^Ếl ____________________________________________________________
feed________________________________________________
catch._______________________________________________
Look up each verb in your dictionary. Make sure that you spelled the past
tense of each one correctiy.
2. Add -y to the nouns and vt^i^l^ii below til make adjectives. When you are
finished, use your dictionary til check your work.
Example: star starry
Sim^li________________ grass______________________
salt___________________ sleep______________________
Now try using two of these new adjectives in some sentences of your own.
Example: It was a beautiful starry ni@ht.
For each sentence, choose the word, phrase, or symbol
that means the same as the word in bold type. Do not
use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Sarah is in the hospital. I plan to visit her at the
hospital this afternoon.
a. take c. hate
b. go to see d. drive to her house
2. Can you express your feelings with your hands?
a. hear c. show
b. believe d. kill
3. Eating good food affects your health. It can make you
feel better.
a. changes c. kills
b. equals d. yawns
4. Cola drinks are popular all over the world.
a. liked by many people c. hated by many people
b. natural d. possible
5. People started to make things with machines during
the century from 1800 to 1900.
a. ten years c. a hundred years
b. fifty years d. a thousand years
6. When you add two and two, you get four.
a. + b. - c. X d. -
7. Some bands are small, with just three or four
musicians.
a. towns c. groups of musicians
b. countries d. groups of museums
8. Mr. Baker has his own company. The company sells fruit and
vegetables to supermarkets.
a. business b. motorcycle c. car d. job
9. It's dangerous to talk on the telephone while you drive your
car.
a. after c. when
b. before d. but
10. Bill and Paul planned to go to Europe together. Then Bill got
sick, so Paul went alone.
a. in a group C. quickly
b. by himself d. by ship
Context Clues
lesson Music and Behavior
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. What kind of music makes people feel richer? *2. Why do some restaurants
play classical music?
3. Why do some restaurants play fast music?
4. How can you get people to chew their food faster? *5. Why is there
background music in some offices?
6. How might music help you to learn better?
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence iffalse. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
_______1. Mozart and Bach wrote classical music.
______2. Music can affect how quickly someone eats.
______3. It's possible that music can help you learn better.
______4. Some restaurants use music to make more money.
______5. People in restaurants spend more money when they hear loud, fast
music.
______6. Office workers are more productive when they listen to music.
m
Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Music affects the way people behave.
2. Loud, fast music makes people eat faster.
3. Music might make you think and learn better.
Before You Read
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
century popular added feelings
listen express guitar compos
usually instruments slaves ers harmon
blues jazz listen ica piano
This music became _____and then
______________________________
2. People from Europe and America _____ brought Africans to America as
______________before and during the nineteenth_____________
3. Blues and jazz became very_______________in the 20th century.
4. People played blues first with only one or two_______, for
example,
a_____________, a_____________, or sometimes a_____________
5. Blues songs_________________sad feelings, sometimes in a funny
way.
6. ______________________________________more musical instruments.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
century popular add piano
listen composed express guitar
usually instrument slaves harmon
feelings blues jazz ica compos
1. There are one hundred years in a______________ er
2. You play the____._____________. and the__________________with your
hands but not your mouth.
3. You play the_________________with your mouth and hands.
4. Can you . ____________________ these numbers? 456 + 142 + 862 = ?
5. Some people________________their feelings by crying or laughing.
6. Mozart__________________classical music.
7. John Lee Hooker sings the__ _____________, and Wynton Marsalis
plays____________________
8. The piano is a musical_______________
9. The dolphin is a_________________animal at an aquarium.
10.-----------------------worked on American farms in the nineteenth
century.
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same.
Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. ago___-_____ a. act
2. however_____ b. the top of a house
3. listen_____ c. new
4. affect------- d. not quiet
5. modern________ e. before now
6. lovely_____ f. hear
7. thin_______ g. beautiful
8. rice_______ h. a kind of shoe
9. behave_______i. change
10. roof_______ j. not fat
11. sandal_____ k. an important food for many people
12. loud_______ 1. but
Questions
e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk
(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
______ 1. Blues and jazz come from African music.
2. The American Civil War ended in 1865.
-------- 3. Jazz and blues started in the southern part of Europe.
______ 4. A person who "sings the blues" feels happy because he
found something.
______*5. If someone gives you a million dollars, you will sing the
blues.
______ 6. People can sing the blues with no instruments.
______ 7. John Lee Hooker is a famous blues musician.
______ 8. Jazz is sometimes happier music than the blues.
______ 9. Musicians play jazz and blues the same way each time.
Main Idea
——- - - -
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The nineteenth century was an important time for American
music.
2. Jazz is happier music than blues.
3. Jazz and blues are two important types of African American
music.
lesso Rock and
n
Roll
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know
[b Vocabulary: New
Context
] soft
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
company nervous boring
mixture records cassettes compact discs
raise fan band performer
1. Hot chocolate is a________________of chocolate, sugar, and milk.
2. Ahmed works for a large_________________in Riyadh.
3. Elvis Presley was a wonderful__________________
4. Students are usually_________________before a big test.
5. Loud music is not good for our ears, but ______ - music is okay.
6. Are you a ________ ______ of rock and roll or classical music?
120 JJ ________________________________________
7. A large_________________played at Laura's wedding.
8. ______________ are more expensive than tapes.
9. People listened to music from ___________ ______only at home, not in
their cars.
C| Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means
the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. calm______ a. east
2. thin _______ b. soft
3. loud______- c. nobody
4. different d. tick
________________
5. before______ e. save
6. store_______ f. throw away
7. west____ g. after
8. all over ____ h. nowhere
9. spend_______ i. same
10. warm______ _ j. cool
11. somebody k. nervous
________________
|d| Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. What are rap and punk?
*2. Who was Bill Haley?
3. Where did rock and roll come from?
*4. Why do some rock and roll fans think that classical music is boring?
5. In the 1950s, what did people use to play rock and roll music at home?
6. Why do some fans like videos better than cassette tapes or compact discs?
7. Is it cheap to make a video?
8. Some people don't like loud music. Why?
9. Who were Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, and Chuck Berry?
*10. Why does almost every country have many rock bands and singers?
feJ Comprehension: Multiple Choice
nil--------.------------------------------- 2
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Many rock and roll fans like to___the music.
a. dance to b. collect c. listen to d. listen and dance to
2. Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" was one of the first__songs.
a. blues b. rap c. rock and roll d. punk
3. Rap is a _____ of rock and roll and talking.
a. mixture b. record c. performer d. company
4. Many fans like their rock music____
a. soft b. nervous c. loud d. boring
5. Rock and roll came___classical music.
a. before b. after c. during d. at the same time as
6. The first rock and roll fans listened to "Rock Around the Clock" on
a
a. video b. cassette tape c. compact disc d. record
7. Elvis Presley was a famous ---
a. farmer b. performer c. band d. company
8. Rock and roll began about____years ago.
a. 10 b. 100 c. 50 d. 25
Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Rock and roll is a popular type of modem music.
2. Most rock and roll music is loud.
3. Many rock performers make videos of their songs.
Country-Western Music lesson
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know
1 Country-western music is D D □
. good dance music.
3 Country-western music is
. loud. D □ □
4 Country-Western Music
Country-western music is very old. It came from the United States,
Canada, Ireland, and Great Britain. Country-western music
is a mixture of music from all of these places.
In the American West, cowboys had to take care of the
cattle. They had to watch them all day and all night because
the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away. A
cowboy's life was lonely and dangerous. When he was
alone with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake
at night. He also sang music to the cattle to calm them. He cattle
sang about the stars and the moon, about his family and his
friends. The cattle listened to the cowboy and went to sleep.
They did not run away if he sang beautiful, peaceful music.
The cowboys also sang music when they traveled to make quiet
town to relax and have a good time. Sometimes they played
either guitars or harmonicas. Later they used violins and
other instruments.
In the American South, many people came from
Ireland, Scotland, and England. Other people came from
French Canada. They enjoyed their own kind of music.
They used guitars, violins, and harmonicas, too. They also
added instruments from their homes, like bottles, cans, and
spoons. When they visited their friends and families on
holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played
country music.
Country-western music describes life. It talks about
love, jobs, home, and money. People in many parts of the
world like country-western music because everyone knows
bottle can
something about these ideas. Also, many fans of this music
wear western clothes and dance together to country-western music. Many bands
all over the world now perform country-western music.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
dangerous bottles cattle calm
either peaceful listened cans
alone visited violins country
When he was ___with the cattle, he drank strong
_ —
to stay awake at night.
coffee
2. When they________________their friends and families on holidays like
Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music.
3. They also added instruments from their homes, like___________________
________________, and spoons.
4. Cowboys had to take care of the__________________
5. A cowboy's life was lonely and__________________
6. Sometimes they played__________________guitars or harmonicas.
7. He also sang music to the cattle to__________________them.
8. They did not run away if he sang beautiful,__________________music.
9. Later they used_________________and other instruments.
Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Guitars and violins are popular instruments for country-western
music.
2. Cowboys sang country-western music because it helped them
relax.
3. Country-western music describes life.
irLanguage .com
Before You Read
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
oven beat common fry
international cards while bake
orchestras enjoy roast tastes
1. Sometimes salsa fans play________________in the afternoon or at
night
on weekends or holidays__________ . they listen to Latin music.
2. Latin music is very - . _ —______in countries where people speak
Spanish or Portuguese.
3. They .. _ _ ____ or___________________food in the
_______________or___________________it on top of the stove in oil.
4. The food__________________good.
5. It has a strong------ ----------------
6. The sound is__________________
7. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with
drums,
but now whole __________________with lots of other instruments play
it.
8. However, people all over the world can______________ it.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text. beat common cards oven
baked enJoy while tastes
roast international fry orchestra
1. Rita usually listens to music________________she studies.
2. Carmen ---------------------- a chocolate cake yesterday.
3. Many people__ ____________playing soccer.
4. Do you know how to play_________________?
5. Sometimes we _________________meat in oil on top of the stove. We
bake or _ _ ___________ food in the___________________
6. There is a dance tomorrow night for the_____________students.
7. Rock and roll fans enjoy the __________of the music.
8. Classical music is__________________ all over the world.
9. Chocolate cake _______ better than grass.
Question
s
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Where does Latin music come from?
2. What is salsa?
3. Name some cities that have their own types of salsa.
4. What kinds of music were mixed to get Latin music?
*5. Why does Latin music have a strong beat?
6. Who are Juan Luis Guerra and Ruben Blades?
*7. What are some things to do while you are listening to Latin
music?
8. What is the difference between roasting and frying?
9. How does a person dance to Latin music?
*10. How is Latin music different from the blues or country-western
music?
13J
e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
______ 1. Caribbean countries have salsa.
— _ 2. Both African music and European music are part of Latin music. 3.
Ruben Blades usually performs with Juan Luis Guerra's orchestra. 4. Latin
music does not express feelings.
______ 5. Latin food tastes good.
____ 6. It is difficult to dance to Latin music.
.. ____ 7. If you don't understand Spanish, you can't enjoy Latin music.
____8. Salsa fans sometimes listen to Latin music while they play cards. *9. If
you want to dance to music, it's important to listen to the beat. 10. Many
Latin songs have beautiful words.
f Main Idea
Write the letters of the supporting details after the topics. Some supporting
details are about more than one topic.
Topics
1. Country Music________________ 4. Blues____________________
2. Rock and Roll__________________ 5. Latin Music___________________
3. Classical Music_______________
Supporting Details
a. It is common in countries where people speak Spanish.
b. It began during the 1950s.
c. Musicians play it differently each time.
d. Videos of its performers are very popular.
e. B. B. King plays it on "Lucille."
f. Bach and Mozart composed some of it.
g. People like to dance to it.
h. Cowboys sang this to their cattle.
i. People in the American South who came from Ireland, Scotland, and
England sang this.
j. It came from the African slaves' music.
132 JJ_________________________________________________________
Word Study
Other verbs: Put did at the beginning of the sentence. Use the
simple verb.
Example:
subject
The farmers planted corn last spring. Did the farmers plant
corn last spring?
Change these sentences to past tense questions.
1. The dancers listened to the music.
2. The orchestra ate dinner after the performance.
3. The meat was in the oven for two hours.
4. The cowboys raised cattle in the country.
5. The cook fried some thin pieces of meat.
6. The band sold compact discs to fans at the nightclub.
7. The blues singers were asleep on the bus.
8. Our neighbor went to San Francisco to hear Wynton Marsalis.
Many words have the same form for both the noun and the verb. Read these
words. Then choose the right word for each sentence. Use the correct verb form
or the singular or plural noun.
Verb Noun Ver No
b un
tast
feed feed taste
use use cook e coo
poison poison work k wor
plant plant drink k drin
k
1.__________________________________ Ruth has lovely growing in front of
her
house. She _____________-.. them last spring.
2. Robert is a good -________________He likes to bake cakes,
and he also__________________international dishes.
3. What are you eating? Can I have a ___________________?
I never__________________that kind of food before.
4. Do you____________ coffee? Would you like a cold_________'
5. I have a lot of______________to do. I______________all day
yesterday, but the _________ isn't finished.
6. Farmers buy one kind of ___ _________for chickens.
They____________________ their horses something
different.
Collocations
ssK———-----------------
Collocations are words that we often put together. We
often use certain verbs and nouns together. For example,
we often use the verb spend with the noun time or the
noun money.
Examples: I spend a lot of time at school every day.
He spends a lot of money on food.
Which verbs and nouns do we often use together? Write
the correct nouns from the list on the lines beside each
verb.
Nouns cards a job money
music time
save
136 r-
1
Writing
I
OM
Before You
Watch
Walk around the class, and ask questions to find someone who
fits each description below.
Video Highlights
What instrument is missing from each of the pictures? Finish the
picture by' drawing in the missing instrument. Then write the name
of the instrument below the picture.
Music Bingo
Write one word from the list below in each box of the Bingo card.
When everyone is ready, your teacher will call out a vocabulary
word. If you have written the word in a box, mark it with an X.
Whoever has five X's in a row or a column wins Bingo.
Vocabulary Words to Choose From
alone add beat boring blues
cards common soft classical violi
fans feelings tastes instrument ns
record
Jazz nervous behave popular visit
1. Look up the words below in your dictionary to find out
if they are adjectives or nouns. Write noun or adjective
next to each
word. If the
word you
looked up is
an
Understanding Grammar
adjective, change it to a
noun. If it is a noun,
change it to an adjective.
Example:
boring
a. classical
b. peaceful
adjective boredom (noun)
c. danger
d. natural
e. nerve
Dictionary Page
p’ /fe p r-
Context Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word
in bold type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. She works 40 hours a week and she gets three weeks of vacation. She usually visits her
family during her vacation.
a. money c. hot places
b. exercise d. time not working
2. I have six oranges but I only need two. That means I have four extra oranges.
a. more than needed c. strange
b. less than wanted d. sweet
3. It's the pilot's duty to fly the plane safely.
a. chance c. behavior
b. necessary act d. exercise
4. One of the benefits of exercising is that you feel good.
a. something good c. something natural
b. something bad d. something expensive
5. Everyone was hungry, but they only had one sandwich. They
decided to share the sandwich so that everyone got a little.
a. throw away c. divide in equal parts
b. make d. chew it slowly
6. The loudness of the music continued to increase. Finally, it was so loud everyone left the
room. When something increases, there is of it.
a. more c. the same amount
b. less d. none
7. If you want to study, don't sit in that chair. It's very comfortable, and you might fall asleep.
a. hard c. exciting
b. relaxing d. boring
14
4
8. He always gets dressed after breakfast because he doesn't want to
get food on his school clothes.
a. takes clothes off c. puts clothes on
b. chooses clothes d. hates clothes
9. What's your favorite meal—breakfast, lunch, or dinner?
a. day of the week c. time to get up
b. time to eat d. part of a movie
10. My fiend has a hundred jazz CDs. Obviously, he likes jazz
music.
a. It is hard to believe that c. It is strange that
b. It is better that d. It is easy to see that
Context Clues
lesso Work
n Hours
1 Country
Normal Work
Hours Each Week
Vacation Days Each
Year
Look at the chart and the pictures. Read the sentences. Check
(.I) True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
c Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three.
1. calm, peaceful, relaxed, dangerous
2. guitar, harmonica, broom, violin
3. roast, pretend, bake, fry
4. chew, yawn, laugh, affect
5. basket, office, farm, museum
6. bored, soft, alert, lonely
7. scientist, medicine, composer, farmer
8. cattle, dolphin, date palm, bear
d Questions
e Comprehension: True/False/No Information
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Many employees work extra hours, but they don't get paid for it.
2. Some people get longer vacations than others.
3. A lot of people think they are working too hard.
less
on
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
benefits employer pilots doctors
dentists health insurance plus salary
professions Internet private waiters
1. In many jobs, you get a salary and______________
2. In the United States,________________- - , and
__________________get the highest salaries.
3. You can find out the typical salary of different jobs on the________
4. A person with a salary of $40,000 ------------benefits is really
earning about $50,000.
5. Common benefits are_______________and paid vacations.
6. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and_________ _ get the lowest
salaries in the United States.
7. It takes many years of study to enter these_____________
8. Many people think that their _______________ 1s
__________________information.
9. Benefits are the extra things your_______________gives you.
Vocabulary Review
d Questions
[e:::, Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Paid vacation is______ c. a kind of
a. a profession benefit
b. a kind of overtime d. for employers
only
2. The money you earn at a job is your
a. Internet c. insurance
b. salary d. employer
3. You get___ from your employer.
a. a profession c. employees
b. a waiter d. benefits
4. Benefits equal about____of an employee's salary.
a. half c. 25%
b. 10% d. 30%
5. It takes a long time to become .—
a. an employee c. a waiter
b. a pilot d. a cook in a fast-food
restaurant
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Salary and benefits vary from one job to another.
2. Health insurance is one type of benefit.
3. It takes a long time to become a doctor, dentist, or pilot.
lesson Family-Friendly
3 Companies
Time off for the Birth of a Child Country
Look at the picture and the chart. Read the sentences. Check (/') True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
allowing flexible time off share leave
choose full time companies schedule beco
female increase rules unpaid me male
1. Many companies are_________________their employees to work
___________________hours.
2. Most companies say that flexible hours______________productivity.
3. Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to__________
one job.
4. To help, some companies are changing the work_____________
5. With flexible hours, people can work_______________, but they don't
have to work a nine-to-five_________________
6. In many countries, employers have to give_______________workers
___________________before and after the birth of a child.
7. In Finland, for example, both_______________and female employees
get paid leave.
8. In the United States, for example, female employees get 12 weeks
of ________________ time off.
9. Some employees__________________to come in early and leave early.
10. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid for
the birth of a child.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
allow flexible time off share femal
choose full-time male employer e sched
leave increase salary s rules uleunpai
1. Do you want a__________________job or a part-time job? d
2. Did your parents____ you to work when you were in
high school?
3. Reading helps to_________________your vocabulary.
4. In the past, most pilots were_______________ , but today there are
many__________________pilots.
5. Do you know the_________________for American football?
6. Who has a more_________________.. body—a 15-year-old boy or an
80-
year-old man?
7. Do you take_________________every year? How many days of paid
___________________do you get?
8. Is it important to teach children to______________things with their
friends?
9. Where can I get a bus_______________?
10. Do you think people should________________their own name?
C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
instead of stretch exercis compan
expensive hate e y louder
private disease produc visit
e alone
1. It's hard to eat something you________________
2. AIDS is a dangerous------------------------
3. What crops does your country________________?
4. Do you know anyone who lives_______________?
5. What countries did you________________last year?
6. My employer has his own________________airplane.
7. Many people choose to live in the country______________the city.
8. If you,.. . your arms, you can touch your toes.
9. Which is more __ ________—a video or a CD?
10. How many times a week do you ________ - -
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. What are flexible work hours?
2. What is job sharing?
*3. Why are some companies becoming more family-friendly?
4. Why do employers like flexible work hours?
5. Why do employees like flexible work hours?
*6. Why are more men getting time off after the birth of a child?
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The way people work is changing.
2. More people are sharing jobs.
3. Companies are becoming more productive.
Work lesso
Clothes n
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know
1 All the women are wearing
. blouses.
D D D
2 All the men are wearing
. suits. □ D D
3
. Most companies have rules D D D
about work clothes.
4 Work Clothes
For some people, it's easy to get dressed for work. Pilots and police officers,
for example, don't have to make decisions about their work clothes. They wear
uniforms to work every day. choices
For many office workers, however, it is more difficult
to choose clothes for work. They do not wear uniforms to
the office. Also, many employers are changing their dress
codes. They are allowing their employees to wear casual
clothes to work. rules about what clothes
The change to casual work clothes began in the 1990s. to wear
At first, many companies in the United States allowed employees to wear casual
clothes on one day of the week—Friday. Friday became "Casual Friday" or
"Dress-down Friday." Today, however, many companies are allowing their
employees to wear casual clothes every day of the week.
Why are companies allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? Some
studies show that people are more productive when they are wearing comfortable
clothes. Employees also like the casual dress code because they don't need to buy
special clothes for work. They can save money this way.
Unfortunately, a casual dress code can also cause problems. Sometimes
employees dress too casually. They think they can wear anything. Many
companies have rules about casual clothes. They list the kinds of clothes that are
not "business-casual" clothes. Blue jeans, sandals, and sportswear are examples
of clothes that are usually too casual for the office.
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
casual get dressed police
comfortable dress codes officers
special
decisions uniforms sportswea
r
1. They wear_________________to work every day.
2. Pilots and__________________, for example, don't have to make
___________________about their work clothes.
3. Blue jeans, sandals, and________________are examples of clothes
that
are usually too casual for the office.
4. That is because many employers are changing their____________
5. Some studies show that people are more productive when they
are
wearing__________________clothes.
6. They are allowing their employees to wear________clothes to work.
7. Employees also like the casual dress code because they don't need
to buy ----------------clothes for work.
8. For some people, it's easy to_______________for work.
Questions
£ Comprehension: Multiple Choice
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Pilots wear uniforms to work.
2. Dress codes are becoming more casual.
3. Work clothes are special clothes.
n ...
165
lesson Time
Off
s
1. Watching TV is a popular □ □ D
free-time activity.
d Questions
e Comprehension: True/False/No Information
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write
NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
_______ 1. Amal has a very unusual work schedule.
. ___= 2. Amal prepares all of the meals at home.
_______ 3. Most people in the United States commute by car.
_______ 4. Most people in the United States have about 20 hours of
leisure time each week.
_______ 5. Watching TV is a popular leisure activity.
_______ 6. There were hundreds of TV channels twenty years ago.
____ 7. There are more programs on TV today.
_______ 8. Instead of working, many employees are surfing the
Internet.
____- 9. People have less free time today than in the past.
_______10. People are studying and eating more today.
f Main Idea
1. visit 4. work 7.
2. 5. relax
8.
share
3. sit commute
6. study fry9.
use 10.
carry
1. Memorize these verb forms. Then use the past tense of each verb
b Irregular
Verbs
in a sentence.
1
71
2. Write the past tense of each verb.
a. see_______ g. sell----------
b. go ____ h. get-----------
c. be______ i. come______
d. give______ J. grow______
e. make______ k. teach--------
f. eat_______ 1. take________
c Un
e Collocations
Example: I have a warm coat for the winter.
What adjectives do we often use with the nouns below?
Noun
Adjectives flexible s
low soun
strong d
coffe
popular e
hours
high time
beat
activi
ty
music
What verb đo we often use with each noun below? Draw a line to connect the verb to the
noun.
Verbs Nouns
cause x the
earn Internet
a job
enter a meal
mcrease money
prepare a
get x problem
a
surf profession
productiv
ity
WWhat verbs do we often use with the noun money? Add your ideas to the chart.
Verbs Noun
save
s
e________ money
m
l________
f Writing
Use real information to write your answers.
1. How many hours and days a week would you like to work?
2. What's a good profession? Why do you think'so?
3. How do you spend your leisure time?
1. Interview a partner. Write your partner's answers below each question.
a. What job would you like to have?
As You Watch
blank and spell it correctly. The judge decides if you are right
or wrong. If you are right, you get another turn. If you are
wrong, it is the next player's tarn.
4. The player who reaches FINISH first wins the game. di
e
A manager usually
works in an_____with Jorge grows crops and
START raises animals on a
a desk, a telephone, small_____
and a computer.
Activity Page
Learning Word Forms
employ
prepare
Context
Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that
means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use your
dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Keiko has $100. Betty has $75. Betty has less money
than Keiko.
a. more c. not as much
b. the same amount of d. a lot of
2. There are hundreds of square kilometers of forest in the
Amazon River area. There are trees everywhere.
a. lots of trees c. lots of water
b. some trees d. some water
3. The company promoted its new product on TV and radio.
Now the product is very popular.
a. paid for c. wrote about
b. lost d. told people about
4. Children start to attend school when they are five or six years
old.
a. finish b. solve c. go to d. hold on
5. Eskimos hunt the polar bear. When they find one, they kill it.
a. look for c. hurt
b. study d. appear
6. Because of the deep snow, they made slow progress through
the mountains.
a. movement forward c. protection
b. decisions d. crops
7. Perhaps many people will have flexible work hours some day.
I hope so.
a. over b. maybe c. below d. at all
8. The company polluted the river with something poisonous.
Now we can't drink the water or swim in it.
a. made clean c. made private
b. made useful d. made dirty
9. We must somehow stop using so much energy, or we will
use all of the Earth's petroleum.
a. somebody c. nobody
b. in some place d. in some way
10. When did you arrive at this university? Did you come here
in September?
a. come c. leave
b. alone d. hold on
11. Rio de Janeiro is on the east coast of Brazil.
a. land with water around it c. land near the sea
b. mountain d. lake
12. Java is the name of one island in Indonesia.
a. water with land all around it c. country
b. land with water all around it d. mountains
Context Clues
lesso The Sarni of
n Northern Europe
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
traditional coast trips sleds
holidays forests skis noma
di
g tents future ds
less
1. Only a few of them live a — _ life.
___________________________
2. There will probably be no more Sami nomads in the---------------------------
3. There are only about 32,000 of them, and most of them live a modern life
on the_______ -- or in the____________________
4. These few Sami are called__________________because they move from
one place to another with their reindeer.
5. The long_________________, often in bad weather, make life very hard
for these nomads.
6. They have_________________, too.
7. They walk or travel on------------------------
8. There is_________________snow there.
9. These nomads live in___________________because they move so often.
10. In winter, the reindeer___________________through the snow to find
plants for their food.
11. However, the Sami will probably always wear their traditional clothes
on__________________
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
1. Janet and Tom are going to take a _ ___to England next year.
2. Eastern Canada has large _ ____________ ... There are millions of trees.
3. In northern countries, children like to play on their___________________
in winter. They also like to___________________
4. The Baker family likes to go camping. They sleep in a________________
5. __________________in the Sahara Desert travel with their camels.
6. What are your plans for the______________- ? What are you going
to
do when you are older?
7. Twelve is___________- than fifteen.
8. I like__________________because I don't have to go to work.
9. People who live on the _________________often eat a lot of fish.
10. One of our holiday ,______ _____is to sing special songs in the
morning.
11. They___________________a hole that was two meters deep.
Vocabulary Review
d Questions
------------------
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. In what countries do the Sami live?
2. Do they all move from one place to another?
3. What are nomads?
4. How do reindeer find their food in winter?
5. Why do Sami nomads move away from the coast in winter?
6. Why do they live in tents?
7. How do they travel?
8. What makes life hard for these nomads?
*9. Where do other nomads live?
10. Why will the Sami teach their children the old songs and
stories? *11. Why do people want to keep their traditions?
*12. Are there roads in northern Scandinavia?
Comprehension: True/False
f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. A few Sami live a traditional life, but that life is difficult.
2. Sami nomads move their reindeer every summer and winter.
3. The Sami want to keep some of their traditions.
The Ainu of Japan less
on
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False,
or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
1. The Ainu live in a very cold D D □
climate.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
island completel middle continue religi
attend y mustaches wavy li
ght on rights
across beards hunters left prom
ote
1. The men have_________________and_____________________
2. They have round, dark brown eyes and _____ hair.
3. Are they_______________different from all the other people in the
world?
4. The Ainu live in northern Japan on the _______________of Hokkaido.
5. In the 1990s, the Ainu demanded their_______________
6. Did they come from Europe________________Russia to Japan?
7. The Ainu are__________________and farmers.
8. The government has to____ ___ _ Ainu culture and traditions.
9. The bear is also important in their__.______________
10. Their skin is not dark but__________________
11. Will their language and traditions_________- . ?
12. It has a dirt floor with an open fire in the ______________
13. Their children had to______________ Japanese schools.
14. Today there are less than a few hundred thousand Ainu people__
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
continu attend mustache g
ri ht
g
li ht
e
wavy middle completely beard prom
island across hunting religions oteleft
1. We ate all the bananas. There aren't any_____________
2. The students _____finished the book. They did every
page.
3. There are ten questions in this exercise. Number 5 is in the______
4. Carlos has______________dark brown hair. He has a_______________
and a_______________, too.
5. Where did you__________________high school?
6. __________________is a popular sport in some countries.
7. Sarah walked____ ____ _ the street to the bank.
8. We did not have time to finish the lesson. We will__________________it
tomorrow.
9. We went to a beautiful__________________for our holiday.
10. Do not go out in the sun. Your skin is too_________________
11. We have the__________________of free speech in the United States.
12. Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity are kinds of___________________
13. They put up a big sign to_____ ___ _____the opening of the company.
Vocabulary Review
19
1
*Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Ainu have______eyes.
a. green c. blue
b. black d. brown
2. Ainu are different from other Japanese people because they have
a. hair c. large hands
b. eyes d. round eyes
†3. Ainu and other Japanese people are alike because they all
a. have grass houses c. hunt bears
b. have wavy hair d. eat fish and rice
4. After many Japanese people moved to Hokkaido in the 1800s, the
Ainu
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (v') True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
U
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in
the text.
perhaps mining die area
spirits noisy outsider frighten
progress pollution lo in
gg g destroy
ed
1. ________________companies dig for metals in the ground.
2. Do large animals________________you?
3. Can you study in a ______room?
4. Too many people ___each year from smoking cigarettes.
5. They .________ _______ the papers by burning them.
6. Air___ ____is becoming a serious problem.
7. ______ companies cut down trees and sell the wood.
8. The Pacific Ocean covers a very large__________________
9. For some people, there are________.__________in trees and rivers.
10. We made a lot of ___________ in class today. We completed 20
pages in the book!
11. _________________she is sick. I don't know.
12. For the first few months in a new city, she felt like an_________________
Then she began to make some friends. C Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase from Column B that means the
opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A
1. terrible______
Column B
2. a few_______
a. dry
3. alive_______
b. dead
4. began______
c. a lot
5. over______
d. less
6. wet______
e. stopped
7. varied______
f. together
8. more_______
g. wonderful
9. future______
h. under
10. alone______ d i. the same
Questions j. past
6. What is killing the Yanomami?
7. What did Brazil and Venezuela do for the Yanomami?
8. What are the Yanomami doing to help themselves?
*9. What do you think will happen to the Yanomami? Why?
Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The Yanomami are working to protect their land.
2. The Yanomami live in the tropical forest near the Amazon River,
but they know nothing about other South Americans.
3. The Yanomami are very religious.
lesson The Hopi of Arizona
Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know
The Hopi people live in the northeastern part of Arizona in the United States.
The United States is a very modern country. Tall buildings, highways, computers,
and hundreds of other modem things are a part of every American's life.
Somehow, with modern things all around them, the Hopi in some way
keep their traditions.
There are about 10,000 Hopi, and they live in twelve
villages in the desert. The weather is very hot in summer,
but in winter it freezes. The wind blows hard. Farming is goes below o°c
difficult.
Corn is the Hopi's main food, but they plant
vegetables, too. They raise sheep, goats, and cattle. They
also eat hamburgers and ice cream and drink soft drinks.
They live in traditional stone houses, but many of them
have telephones, radios, and television. They have horses,
but they also have trucks.
"Kachinas" are an important part of the Hopi religion.
Kachinas are spirits of dead people, of rocks, plants, and not alive; stones
animals, and of the stars. Men dress as kachinas and do
religious dances. People also make wooden kachinas. No
two wooden kachinas are alike. the same
The children attend school and learn English and other
subjects. They also learn the Hopi language, dances, and
stories. A few Hopi go to universities. Some of the adults
live and work in nearby towns. The Hopi want a not children; close to
comfortable, modern life, but they don't want to lose their
traditions.
truck
kachina
a| Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
somehow trucks rocks alike
blows goats dead adults
freezes nearby lose highw
ays
1. The wind ___hard.
_____________
2. They have horses, but they also have_______________
3. No two wooden kachinas are________________
4. ______ ______ _, with modem things all around them, the Hopi
keep
their traditions.
5. Kachinas are spirits of __ ____ people, of___________________,
plants, and animals, and of the stars.
6. Tall buildings,__________________, computers, and hundreds of
other
modern things are a part of every American's life.
7. They raise sheep, _______ — , and cattle.
8. The weather is very hot in summer, but in winter it_____________
9. Some of the________________ live and work in ________ towns.
10. The Hopi want a comfortable, modern life, but they don't want to
their traditions.
C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
ri ht
deep skiing g nomads
tent sled wavy uncomfortab
attend beard complete continues
trip beat piano coast
1. They drove to the__________________to go swimming in the ocean.
2. No one has the____ ____to hurt another person.
3. Riding for hours on a motorcycle is__________________
4. David's parents took a____________ _____to South America last year.
5. The Mississippi River is very______________in some places.
6. ________________in Central Asia take their sheep into the mountains
in summer.
7. Are you planning to _ ______ the dance next Saturday?
8. The story on some television programs________ ______ from one
week to the next.
9. Ruth and Ann are going camping in the mountains. They have a to sleep in.
10. Oscar didn't have time to_________________his composition before the
bell rang.
11. Howard has_______________blond hair and a short________________
12. Did you ever go ________ ________in Switzerland in the winter?
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Where do the Hopi live?
2. What things are a part of every American's life?
3. What is the weather like in the Hopi villages?
4. What is the Hopi's main food?
5. What kind of meat do they eat?
6. Do they eat food that other Americans eat?
7. What is modem about some of their homes? What is traditional?
8. Where do the children learn English?
9. What are kachinas?
10. Why do the Hopi teach their children the Hopi language, dances,
and stories?
*11. Are Hopi children more like Sami or Ainu children? Why?
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. The Hopi live in the state of____
a. Utah c. Arizona
b. New Mexico d. NewYork
2. The Hopi______.
a. want modern things instead of traditional ones
b. want traditional things instead of modem ones
c. don't want to remember their traditions
d. want both modern and traditional things
3. Winters in this part of Arizona are___
a. hot b. warm c. cool d. cold
4. The main Hopi food is______
a. corn c. beef
b. hamburgers d. vegetables
*5. A truck is useful for people____
a. in a city apartment c. in New York City
b. on a farm d. near an airport
*6. The Hopi probably eat______ sometimes.
a. insects c. potato chips and pizza
b. polar bears d. reindeer meat
7. Kachinas are_______
a. men c. animals
b. something to eat d. spirits
8. The Hopi don't want to______ . their traditions.
a. lose b. burn c. remember d. learn
Main Idea
5
New Zealand
other New Zealanders. But they are keeping the Maori language and traditions
alive. There are now Maori radio and television stations. Many schools teach in
the Maori language. Nearly one half of Maori language speakers are 25 years old
or younger.
Maori culture is also alive and well. At the center of
Maori culture is the "marae." This is a special place for ceremonies and
meetings. Today the number of marae in New Zealand is increasing. Many of the
new marae are in the cities. Now people in the cities can meet and learn about
their Maori traditions.
Today most New Zealand cities have yearly Maori every year
festivals. Among the festival activities are competitions g g - in speaking,
irLan ua e com
dancing, and singing. Children practice for months. Then all the Maori in the
area arrive to watch
the competitions and see who wins.
Today the Maori live a comfortable, modern life. However, they are not
losing their traditions, because they are passing them on to their children.
Q
Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
arrived competitions practice wms
ceremonies festivals population yearly
culture over wars among
1. This is a special place for________________and meetings.
2. Over the next 100 years,______________and disease killed many
Maori.
3. Maori__________________is also alive and well.
4. Today the Maori________________is increasing.
5. Today most New Zealand cities have_______________Maori
6. Then all the Maori in the area arrive to watch the competitions
and see
who____________________
7. Children __ ____. for months.
8. The Maori_________________in New Zealand from other Polynesian
islands_________ a thousand years ago.
9. ______________the festival activities are_________________in
speaking, dancing, and singing.
n
Put the right word in each blank.
in the text.
These are new sentences for words
MS ,, , , .
[cl Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same.
Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. attend_____ a. more than
2. thick_______ b. not dead
3. over_______ c. not interesting
4. yearly_____ d. is the same as
5. alive-------- e. speak
6. many______ f. not thin
7. dull________ g. frightened
8. equals_____ h. a lot of
9. communicate_____i. go to
10. afraid_____ j. every year
[dl Questions
e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false.
— 1. The Maori are Polynesians.
_______ 2. New Zealand is an island country.
_______ 3. The Maori gave their land to the Europeans.
_______ 4. Europeans arrived in New Zealand before the Maori.
_______ 5. Many Maori died from disease in the 19th century.
______ 6. In New Zealand, you can listen to the Maori
language on the radio.
_______ 7. A marae is an important meeting place for the Maori.
______ 8. Every year Maori children compete in speaking,
dancing, and singing.
--------- 9. The Maori are losing their traditions and language.
f, Main Idea
j. see ______
k. teach_____________ _
l. win_______ _____
e Writing
■>
Video Highlights
b As You Watch
Two groups of people, the Hopi and the landowners, want the same
land. As you watch the video, complete each of the following
sentences.
1. The _ want the land so that they can use it
for hiking, bicycling, and camping.
2. The_________________want the land because it was theirs
historically. It is also very sacred to them.
Words often have more than one meaning. Read all of the different
meanings of the noun light.
Now read each of the following sentences. How is the word used in
each sentence? Which definition is correct for each sentence? Write
the number of the definition next to each sentence.
Example: _3___Please turn out the lights before you leave.
1 Excuse me, do you have a light?
.
2 I hope we'll get there while it's still light outside.
. The light was shining down through the trees.
3
. The speeding car did not stop for the red light.
4
. After Dennis listened to the Hopi side of the story, he
5 understood the dispute in a completely different light.
.
Exploration and
Adventure
Context Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that
means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use
your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Captain James Cook was a famous English explorer.
He was the first European to visit most of the Pacific
islands.
a. a place that has water all around it
b. a businessman who travels to different countries
c. a person who goes to new places and brings back
information about them
d. a ship that travels to new places
2. Captain Cook's ship had many sailors on it, because
there is a lot of work on a ship.
a. men who do the work on a ship
b. men who live in colonies
c. people in competitions
d. people who travel on ships during their vacation
3. A camel keeps a supply of food in its hump.
a. bottle c. store
b. uniform d. basket
4. Ruth had to study the history of Europe in school. She
learned about wars, kings, governments, religion, and
everything that happened there.
a. the mountains, rivers, and lakes
b. the countries, cities, and towns
c. scientists and the things they invent
d. everything that happened in the past
5. Abdullah always gets good grades on his tests, so I
suppose he will get a good grade on this one.
a. think c. want
b. dinner d. have to
6. Helen's family and friends had a party and gave her
gifts on her 21st birthday.
a. $100 c. food
b. presents d. cattle
7. Helen was very pleased when she saw the gifts.
a. unhappy c. afraid
b. deep d. happy
8. A hippopotamus is heavy. An insect is not heavy.
a. deep c. weighs a lot
b. very tall d. has six legs
9. Masako was playing basketball, and she injured her arm. She
went to the doctor and cannot play again for six months.
a. hurt c. arrived
b. told d. won
10. His destination is New York. He will probably arrive there in a
week.
a. place someone is going to c. place where people live
b. place someone is leaving d. a large city
11. Dan is three years old. He is able to walk and talk, but he can't
read or write.
a. can c. wants to
b. has to d. plans to
12. This television program is one hour long. It starts at 8:00 and is
over at 9:00.
a. wonderful c. fiished
b. double d. middle
Context Clues
Before You
Read
Look at the picture. Read the
sentences. Check (ti) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know
222
1 The Polynesians
The Polynesians were probably the best explorers in the history of the world.
They traveled thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean in large boats
called "double canoes." They could look at the stars and know which way to go.
They also understood the winds and the ocean currents. They made maps of the
stars and the ocean currents. They made these maps out of sticks and shells.
About 4,000 years ago, a group of people lived in strips of moving water
southern China. They were a mixture of white, black, and
Mongol people. When the Chinese moved farther and
farther into the south, these people needed to find safer
homes.
Slowly these people left China in their double canoes
and started toward the southeast. They took animals and
plants with them. A group of people might arrive at an less dangerous
island and stay there until they had children,
grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. Then a few to
families might start traveling again. Some canoes went
one way and some another. It took hundreds of years for
them to reach all of the islands in Polynesia.
The double canoe is one of the greatest inventions in
history. The Polynesians were among the greatest sailors
in history. They understood how to sail by the stars and
use the winds and ocean currents. This made them great best, most wonderful
explorers.
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
explorers safer history maps
greatest toward sailors ocean
shells inventions reach curren
1. The Polynesian double canoe is one of the__________________
___________:______in history.
2. When the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south, these people
needed to find _ _ _ _ _________ _ _. homes.
3. The Polynesians were probably the best--------------------------in the
_________________of the world.
4. Slowly these people left China in their double canoes and started
------------------------the southeast.
5. The Polynesians were among the greatest__________________in history.
6. They also understood the winds and the ocean____________________
7. They made _ ___of the stars and the ocean currents.
8. They made these maps out of sticks and__________________
9. It took hundreds of years for them to . all of the islands
in Polynesia.
C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
relaxing country describe calmer
century breathe enough
enJoy
allow frighten alike
around
1. Some people work in town but do not enjoy city life. They like to
live out
in the___________________
2. The students are________________under a tree.
3. You don't have_______________ time to have lunch before your next
class.
4. We are now in the 21st_________________
5. His parents won't__________________him to sail alone.
6. It's difficult to__________________after ruirning for 30 minutes.
7. How would you ____ a double canoe?
8. Do insects__________________you?
9. I don't__ - _______sailing, but I don't hate it either.
10. How long does it take to sail________________the island of Japan?
d Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What did the Polynesians travel in?
*9. Are ocean currents important for ships today? Why? *10. Are the stars important for ships today? Why?
e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
____________ 1. Hawaiians are Polynesians.
____________ 5. They traveled from one group of islands to another very quickly.
f Main Idea
'
Before You
Read
Look at the picture. Read the
sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't
Know. Tru Don't
False
e Know
think,
guess
happy
22 8
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
make friends used to leadersupp
ambassadors ruler ose silver
pleased
jewelry gifts gold giraff
e
1. ----------------from many countries took______________to
Tamerlane.
2. Egyptian camels and horses were____ walking in the
desert.
3. Tamerlane (1336?-1405) was a very strong Mongol_____________
4. They took beautiful cloth,____________,________________, and
C Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word in Column B that means the
opposite. Write the Letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A
1. arrive___ _
2. safe ______
3. inside ______ Column B
4. fans______ a. performers
5. start ______ b. fewer
6. dead_______ C. find
3. She is on a mountain. D DD
3 The First Woman on
Mount Everest
10. Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from
Nepal were the first people ever to________Mount Everest.
£ Vocabulary
Review
Hl
Match each word in Column A with the word in Column B that means
the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1
gift----------- a. maybe
2. pleased______ b. loud
3. great______ C. think
4. noisy_______ d. ruler
5. leader_______ e.
6. completely wonderful
_ f. present
__________________
7. fewer______ g. less
8. commute_____ h. happy
9. suppose______ 1. all
10. perhaps j. travel
__________________
d Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. When did the first mountain climbers reach the top of Mount
Everest?
2. Where is Mount Everest?
3. Is Mount Everest an ordinary mountain? Why?
4. Who was the first woman to climb Mount Everest?
5. Who organized the climb?
6. What happened to ten of the women climbers?
7. Is Mount Everest the only mountain Ms. Tabei has climbed? *8.
Why isn't Ms. Tabei an ordinary Japanese housewife? *9. Why does
Ms. Tabei want to protect mountain environments? *10. Will Ms.
Tabei stop climbing mountains soon?
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannotfind it in the text.
*l. When people climb Mount Everest, most of them start in_________
a. Japan c. the United States
b. New Zealand d. China or Nepal
2. Two people climbed Mount Everest in 1953. They were from
Main Idea
six degrees Celsius). The dogs and the mushers take care
of each other during this adventure.
H Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
brave teams shoot
below adventurer footprints
storm trail knees
1. A musher is an___________________
2. Sometimes they have to_______________at the wild animals to
make
them go away.
3. Mushers are very________________to go on this adventure.
4. In the morning, they can see _ ___________of wild animals near
the camp.
5. He fell to his_________________and got up again.
6. No one could live in the icy water_______________
7. In 1991, Rick Swenson led his dogs through a snow ____________
8. The people who drive the dog__________________ are called
"mushers."
9. This___________________is 1,770 kilometers long.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
below footprints bra
stormy trail ve kn
adventure shoots ees tea
1. Our volleyball__________________won the game.
2. Junko Tabei had a great __when she climbed Mount
Everest.
3. When a hunter finds an animal, he usually________it.
4. Your____ are in the middle of your legs.
5. It was difficult to find the ______ because the snow covered it.
6. When you walk on the beach, you leave your_________in the sand.
7. Junko Tabei is a________________woman.
8. He doesn't like to fly in________________weather.
9. From the airplane, I could see the ocean______________ .
us.
C| Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
invention competition map shells
history toward current silver
gold ambassador jewelry used
club chose able to futur
1. The teacher__________________ someone to answer the next question.
2. Carol has some beautiful____________________Some of it is
_________________, and some is___________________
3. Did you have to study the__________________of North America?
4. The new _________________from France met with Queen Elizabeth
in London.
5. Most Europeans can't get__________________Chinese music. It sounds
strange to them.
6. Can you find India and Burma on the___________________? Are you
- ----------------------to fmd them?
7. Paul belongs to a photography___________________because he likes to
take pictures.
8. The airplane was an important___________________in the early part of
the 20th century.
9. I was afraid when the bear walked____________________me.
10. The Peru .________________brings cold water from Antarctica along
the west coast of South America.
d Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. In what month is the Iditarod race?
2. What is the weather like in Alaska then?
*3. Did Rick Swenson always ride in his sled?
4. How many other people travel with the mushers?
5. Why do mushers sometimes shoot at wild animals?
6. How do the mushers know that wild animals come near the
camp at night?
*7. Why couldn't Susan Butcher's dogs see the ice?
8. Who won the race more often—Swenson or Butcher?
*9. How do the dogs and the mushers take care of each other?
*10. About how far each day do the dogs have to run?
Look at the picture and the map. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
1. It is possible to sail from Japan to D □ D
the United States.
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
communica electricity expectin problem
te contact engine g quit s
destination equipmen over sudden
t someone by phone than by letter.
1. It's faster to__________. supply
2. A car won't go anywhere without an_______________
3. What_____________ . do you need to play soccer?
4. Don't make any_________movements. You might frighten the
animals.
5. Don't _____________school early. It's good to get a university
education.
6. She was tired when the test was_______________
7. If your____________. is across the ocean, you can't get there by
car.
8. Are you having any_________________with your car?
9. I need to get a_________________of paper for my office.
10. Many hearing-impaired people____ ____ _________- with their hands.
11. They are ________ ________ a new baby in two months.
12. They use___________________to heat their house.
C Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that doesn't fit with the other three.
1. sail, ski, swim, win
2. leader, ruler, hunter, winner
3. festival, sailor, dentist, pilot
4. beard, mustache, eyelash, knee
5. trail, ocean, highway, road
6. holiday, truck, sled, boat
7. dark, careful, wavy, thick
8. nervous, brave, calm, shiny
Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where did Subaru Takahashi sail from? Where did he sail to?
2. Who did he sail with?
3. How did he communicate with his parents?
4. How long did it take Subaru to sail across the Pacific?
5. What problems did he have on this trip?
6. Why did he arrive in San Francisco late?
7. Why was Subaru's trip unusual?
8. How much food and water did he take with him?
9. Why did people think he was lost?
*10. Why did Subaru take this trip?
e Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Subaru's trip was unusual because he________
b Spelling Review
C Word Forms
Adjectiv
Verb Noun e
1 (none) danger dangero
.2 invent invention us inventiv
. inventor e
3 (none) science scientifi
. scientist c
4. explore exploration explorat
explorer ory
5 sail (none)
. sail sailor
____________________<
Word Study '
■
6. be born birth (none)
7. lead leader ruler (none)
8. rule organization (none)
9. organize injury organized
10. injure
injurious
Put the right
word form in the
blanks. Choose a
word from Line 1
for Sentence 1,
and so on. Use
the right tenses.
Some nouns are
plural.
1. Always think
about the____________________
________________________
when you walk
across the street.
2. The computer is
a wonderful
3. Kumiko plans
to study
and be a
4. Captain Cook
the Pacific
Ocean in the
18th century. He was an
___________________________
5. - ____ did
the work on sailing
ships. These ships
had______________
to catch the
wind. They________
all over the
world.
6. The______________
of a child makes
the family very
happy.
7. The captain will________
the soldiers into
the town.
8. A king _______________
Ms country. He
might be a good
_________________
, but he might
not be.
9. You need to
your
compositions
better.
Good _________
______________
is important in
compositions.
10. Oscar's car hit a
tree. He has several
__
Irregular Verbs
e Collocations
We often use certain adjectives and nouns together. For example, we say deep
snow and thick ice. We don't usually say thick snow and deep ice.
Which adjective do we use more often with each of the nouns below? Circle the
correct word.
(^^^/ thick) snow
(thick /wide) hair (long
(juicy I wet) soil (deep I thick) skin (high I
I tall) trip
tall) salary (high I loud) music (fast /
(bad I ugly) weather
quick) music (thick I strong) leader
(old I traditional) life
(hot I warm) coat (thick
I wide) river
What verbs do we often use with the nouns below? Draw a line to connect them.
Verbs Nouns
attend ' classes
demand crops
grow the
make friends
pollute your feelings
show your rights
take school
Word $ 251
Study
What verbs do we often use with these nouns? Check (./) your
answers.
hav ge mak
e t e
[ —
a
— problem
Z a job a
D — — class a
sound a
□ □ □ decision
1. ______________ 1. _______________________
2. _______________________ 2. ______________________
3. Read your reasons aloud to the class. How many people in the class think
that the race should continue? How many think that it should end?
a Go on an Adventure
Pretend you are a famous explorer. Think of what you will need to
take with you. Use the pictures to help you think of the words.
Activity Page
Finding Synonyms
Synonyms are words that have the same (or very similar)
meanings. Not all words have synonyms.
1.
Read the definition of the word gift. What is its synonym?
gift/ gift/ noun
1 something given freely to another,
(synonym) a present: My father gave me a
watch as a birthday gift.
2 a special natural ability: She has a gift for
languages; she can speak five different
languages.
Draw a line between each of the following words and its
synonym. Use your dictionary to check your work.
holiday happy
gift decide
injured time off
choose hurt
dull present
terrible horrible
3.
glad boring
Work with a partner. Partner A reads each sentence aloud.
Partner B repeats the same sentence, but substitutes a synonym
for the underlined word.
Example:
Partner A: He thought the trip was very dull.
Partner B: He thought the trip was very boring.
a. Something terrible happened during their trip.
b. Tamerlane was probably very glad to have such an unusual
present.
c. We don't know why Junko Tabei chose to climb the highest
mountain in the world.
167 cheap 52 chew 109 evaporate 47 even 83
choose 157 classical 109 excited 37 exercise 42
climb 233 cloud 47 club expect 244 expensive 52
about 7 above 16 across 42 coast 183 collect 52 explorer 223 express
188 add 114 adult 199 comfortable 162 114 extra 147 eyelash 7
adventurer 238 affect common 129
109 afraid 11 ago 73 communicate 244
alert 37 alike 199 alive commute 167 compact
16 all over 7 allow 157 disc 119 company 119
alone 124 also 7 famous 47 fan 119 farm
competition 205
ambassador 228 among 52 farmer 52 feather 3
completely 188
205 area 194 around 88 feed 73 feeling 21
composer 114 computer
arrive 205 art 73 attend female 157 fertilizer 78
167 connect 42 contact
188 average 147 244 contagious 37
continent 233 continue
188 cool 7 country 93
crop 78 culture 205
background 109 bake current 223
129 band 119 basket 73
be able to 233 beak 3
bear 11 beard 188 beat
129 become 78 behave
109 believe 21 dance 57 dangerous 124
belo 23 date 73 dead 199
benef 1 decision 162 deeply 37
it
besid 52
16 dentist 152 describe 7
e
bette 78 desert 7 destination 244
rblow 19 destroy 194 die 194
blues 119 difficult 57 dig 183
bore 37 4 disease 78 doctor 152
d
both 57 dolphin 21 dress code
bottl 12 162 dull 147 during 3
e
brave 4
23 duty 147
breat 8 1
he
broo 6
83
m 73
bum
by hand 93 each other 57 earn 147
earth 47 eastern 83
either 124 electricity
244 employee 147
calm 124 camel 7 can employer 152 enemy 52
124 card 129 careful energy 78 engine 244
109 carry 47 casual 162 enjoy 129 enough 147
catch 11 cattle 124 environment
century 114 ceremony 233 equals 42
205 chance 93 channel equipment 244
festival 205 palm 73 pay 147
flexible 157 fly peaceful 124
3 footprint 238 percent 47
forest 183 lake 16 large 16 performer 119
freeze 199 laugh 42 leader 228 perhaps 194 piano
frighten 194 fry leave (time off 114 pick 93 pilot
129 full time 157 from a job) 157 152 plant 16
leaves (parts of a pleased 228 plus
future 183
plant) 73 152 poisonous 52
left 188 leisure polar 11 police
167 less 183 light officer 162
188 logger 194 pollute 194 popular
lonely 21 lose 147, 114 population 205
get dressed 162 gift 228 199 loud 109 lovely practice 205
giraffe 228 goal 233 88 luck 21 prepare 167 pretend
goat 199 gold 228 42 private 152
government 3 grass 83 probably 83
great 223 group 21 grow problem 244
52 guitar 114 half 93 produce 93
machine 78 male 157 profession 152
hard 42 harmonica 114
mammal 16 map 223 program 167
hate 78 health 152
meal 167 medicine progress 194
hearing-impaired 42 middle 188 might promote 188
57 heat 7 heavy 233 37 miner 194 mix 47 protect 93
high 16 highway 199 mixture 119 modem
history 223 holiday 183 93 mountain 233
however 37 hump 7 move 47 muscle 37
hunter 188 hurt 3 museum 73 music 109
mustache 188 quickly 37
quit 244
ice 11 idea 57 if 52
increase 157 injure 233
insect 83 instead naturally 42 nearby
of 52 instrument race 37 raise 88
199 nervous 119
114 insurance 152 noise 194 nomad
international 130 183 north 11
Internet 152
interpret 57
invention 223
island 188
obviously 167 ocean
47 only 3 orchestra
129 ordinary 233
organize 233
jazz 114 jewelry outsider 194 oven
228 just 78 129 over (finished)
244 over (more
than)
205
kill 3 kind 52 overtime 147
knee 238
reach 223 show 21 sign 57 supply 244
record 119 silver 228 suppose 228
relax 42 size 3 ski surf 167 sweet
unpaid 157
religion 183 skin 88 swim 11
used to
188 rice 88 slave 114
228
83 rights sled 183
188 roast smell 3 vacation 147
129 rock snow 11 so t vary 147
2
199 roof 83 78 soft 119 a violin 124
tas 1
rug 83 rule soil 83 te
tea 2 visit 124
157 ruler somehow 199 t
m 1
228 soon 42 sound t 7
21 south t 8
11 time off 157 waiter 152
southern together 21 war 205 warm
safe 223 73 special toward 223 11 wavy 188
sailor 223 162 spend traditional 183 weigh 11
salary 152 salt 16 spiritual 194 trail 238 travel well 42 west
sportswear 162 21 trip 183 83 while 129
47 sandal 83 whole 57
save 21 star 57 stay 16 tropics 52 truck
still 233 199 wide 11 wild
schedule 157 88 win 205
stomach 16 typically
scientist 21 wing 3
section 88 seed stone 73 store 7 93
wonderful 73
88 share 157 storm 238
wood 73
shell 223 strange 3
shiny 88 stretch 37
shoot 238 suddenly 244 unfortunately
uniform 162
yawn 37
yearly 20
ACTIVITY PAGE Comprehension, 5,9,14,19, 21,24, 40,45, 50,
Acting out words, 66 55, 60,76, 80, 86, 91,95,
Comparing groups, 215 111,117,122,127,
CrosSword puzzle, 30 132,150,155,160,165,170,186,191,197,
Drawing instruments, 140 202-203,208,214,226,236,241,247
Going on an adventure, 255 Definitions, 256
Guess the animal, 31 Main idea, 5,9,14,19, 21,24,40,45,50, 55, 60,
Lists, 103 76, 81, 86, 91,96,112,117, 122,127,132,
Music bingo, 140 150,155,160,165,170,186,192,197,204,
Travel plans, 255 208,226,236,242,247
Unscrambling words, 103 Paragraphs, 65
Who am I?, 215-216 Prereading activities, 2, 6,10,15, 20,36,41,
Word search, 66 46,
Workplace ladder, 177 51,56, 72, 77, 82,87,
DICTIONARY PAGE 92,108,113,118,123,
Antonyms, 32 128,146,151,156,161,166,182,187,193,
Definitions, 217 198.204.222.227.232.237.243
Parts of speech, 141 Sentences,2,6,10,15,20,36,41,46,51,56,72,
Spelling, 104 77, 82, 87, 92,101,108,113,118,123,128,
Synonyms, 256 146,151,156,161,166,182,187,193,198,
Word forms, 67-68,178 204.222.227.232.237.243
Vocabulary, 34-35,38-39,43-44,48-49,53-54,
LISTENING/SPEAKING
Ask and answer questions, 31, 64 58-59,70-71, 74-75,79-80,84-85,89-90,
Discussion, 29,65,101,102, 175, 254 94-95,106-107,110-111,115-116,120-
Facts from video, 175 121, 125-126,130-131,144-145, 148-149,
Group activities, 175, 254, 255 153-154,158-159,163-164, 168-169, 180-
Guess the animal, 31 181,184-185,189-190, 195-196, 2()
Interviewing, 175, 215-216 (}..201,206-207,220-221,224-225, 229-
Partner activities, 31, 32, 64,103,175, 215- 230,234-235,239-240,245-246
216, TEST-TAKING SKILLS
255,256 Categorizing, 13, 23,192, 215
Reading aloud, 103, 254, 255, 256 Checking choices, 2,6,10,15,20,28,36,41,46,
Role playing, 215-216 51, 56, 64, 72, 77, 82,
87,92,108,113,118, 123, 128, 136,138,
READING
Charts, 146 139,146, 151, 156, 161,
166,176,182,187,193,198,204,222,227,
232,237,243,252'
Circling choices, 14,19, 24,40,45,50,55, 60,
76,
86,91,112,117,122,127,150,155,160,165,
170,186,197,203,208,226,231,236,242,
247
Fill in blanks, 4, 8,12,17, 22, 25, 27, 38-39,
43- 44,48,53-54,58-59,62-63,67-68, 74-
75, 79, 84-85, 89-90, 94,97-98,110,115,
120-121,125,130-131,134,135-136,138,
139,142,148-149,153-154,158-159,159,
163,168,172,184-185,189-190,190, 195-
196,200-201,206-207,209,210,211,
213,214,224,225,229-230,234-235,239,
240,245,248-249,250-251,255
Matching, 32,39, 80, 81,85,96,116,121,132,
154,164,173-174,185,196,207,230,235,
251-252,256
Multiple-choice questions, 9,14,18,24, 34-35,
44,55, 70-71, 76, 91,122, 144-
145,155,165, 170,180-181,186,191,197,
202-203, 220-221,236,242,247
Sentence completion, 176, 214,253
Short-answer questions, 5, 9,13,18, 23,28,
39,
44- 45,49, 54, 59, 75, 80, 85,
90,95,111,116, 121, 126,131,149,154,
160,164, 169, 185-186,191,196-197,
202, 207, 226, 230, 235-236,241,246
True/false questions, 5,40,45, Work and leisure, 143-170
50,60, 80-81, 86, Family-friendly companies, 156-
95,102,132,150,186,197,208,226 160 Salaries, 151-155
,241 Time off, 166-170
Underlining choices, Work clothes, 161-165
49,95,111,126,149,169,246 Work hours, 146-150
TOPICS VIEWING
Animals, 1-24 Maps, 204
Camel, 6-9 Pictures, 2,6,10,15, 20,36,41,46,
Dolphin, 20-24 51, 56, 72,77,
Hippopotamus, 15-19 82,
Kiwi, 2-5 87,92,108,113,118,123,128,146,151
Polar bear, 10-14 ,
Exploration and adventure, 219- 156,161,166,182,187,193,198,20
247
4,222, 227,232,237,243
First woman on Mount Everest,
Video highlights, 28-29,64-
232-236
65,101-102, 138-139? 175-
Giraffes, 227-231
176,213-214, 253-254
Iditarod race, 237-242
Polynesians, 222-226 WORD STUDY
Sailing alone, 239-247 Adjectives with -y ending, 99-100
How? Why?, 33-60 Collocations, 136,173-174, 251-
How can a plant kill?, 51-55 252 Comparisons, 27,98
How do many hearing-impaired Compound words, 63,173
people talk?,56-60 -er ending for people, 62-63
Why do people laugh?, 41-45 -ly adverbs, 134-135
Why do we yawn?, 36-40 Nouns
Why is the sea salty?, 46-50 Noun and verb the same, 135-136
Music, 105-132 Plural, 99
Pronouns
Blues and jazz, 113-117
Possessive, 25
Country-western music, 123-127
-self pronouns, 209
Latin music and salsa, 128-133
Questions
Music and behavior, 108-112
Past tense, 133
Rock and roll, 118-122
Present tense, 61
People of the world, 179-207
-selfpronouns, 209
Ainu of Japan, 187-192
Spelling, 249
Hopi of Arizona, 198-202
Irregular verbs, 26
Maori of New Zealand, 204-208
Plurals of verbs ending in s,
Sami of northern Europe, 182-186
ch, sh, x, or z, 26
Yanomami of the Amazon, 193-197
Plurals of verbs ending in y,
Plants, 69-96
26
Coffee plant, 92-96
Words ending in -er, 27
Date palm, 72-76
Superlatives, 210 there is/there
Oranges, 87-91
are, 62 un-, 172 Verbs
Rice,82-86
Irregular verbs, 26,97,133-
Water hyacinth, 77-81
134,171-172,212, 250-251
Noun and verb the same, 135-136
Past continuous tense, 248-249
Past tense, 97-98,133, 212
Present continuous tense, 171
Present tense, 26,61
Word forms, 211,249-250
Writing short answers,
27,63,137,174, 212, 252 -y
ending, 99-100
WRITING
Charts, 81,96,174,175,178,192
Crossword puzzles, 30 Diagrams,
29, 215 Group activities, 139
Lists, 103,255
Partner activities, 103,139
Questions, 65
Sentence completion, 102
Sentences, 26,61, 171, 212, 255
Short answers, 27, 29,
63,100,137, 174,175, 212,
213, 252, 253
Simple Past Simple Past
be was, were hurt hurt
become became keep kept
begin began know knew
blow blew lead led
bring brought leave left
build built lose lost
buy bought make made
catch caught meet met
choose chose pay paid
come came put put
rin ran
cut cut g g
do did run ran
drink drank see saw
drive drove sell sold
eat ate send sent
fall fell sleep slept
feel felt slide slid
fi ht
g fought speak spoke
find found spend spent
fly flew sweep swept
forget forgot take took
freeze froze teach taugh
get got tell told
ive
g gave think thoug
go went underst under
grow grew wear wore
have (has) had win won
hear heard write wrote
hit hit
Irregular Verbs
Reading & Vocabulary Development Series
igures
FOURTH
EDITION
Patricia Ackerí I Linda
Lee
18 'ỉi'
fdl Questions
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. How do many hearing-impaired people talk?
2. How does a person interpret for hearing-impaired people?
*3. How many signs are used for fingerspelling in English?
4. Why are some word signs easy?
5. When do people use fingerspelling?
6. Is American Sign Language the same as British Sign Language?
7. Why is using sign language almost like dancing?
*8. Why are sign languages beautiful?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. How do people use the palm tree?
*2. What is the name of the fruit of the palm tree?
3. Where did the date palm come from?
4. When did Syrians and Egyptians start to eat dates?
5. How many kinds of palm trees are there?
6. Why can't most of them grow in the Middle East?
7. Where can we see beautiful old pictures of palm trees?
*8. Why did Syrians and Egyptians make pictures of palm trees?
*9. Why do date palms grow in the Middle East?
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The date palm grows in the Middle East.
2. The date palm is beautiful, and people use all of it.
3. People made pictures of the date palm, and these pictures are in art
museums now.
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
*l. Why do some people eat almost nothing but rice?
*2. In what countries is rice an important food?
3. What kind of plant is rice?
4. How many kinds of rice are there?
5. Scientists have two ideas about where rice came from. What are they?
*6. What does upland mean?
*7. Why do rice farmers use fertilizer?
*8. Why do most farmers do the work of growing rice by hand?
9. How do farmers kill insects?
10. People eat rice. What are other ways people use the rice plant?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Why did European and American people bring Africans to America before
and during the nineteenth century?
2. Where did blues and jazz start?
3. When did blues and jazz become very popular?
4. How does a person who "sings the blues" feel?
*5. When do you feel like singing the blues?
6. With what instruments did people first play the blues?
7. What is the name of B. B. King's guitar?
*8. Why do you think B. B. King gave his guitar a name?
*9. What is the difference between jazz and blues?
*10. Why are blues and jazz popular all over the world?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. What do people need more time to do?
2. How many hours a year do people in France work?
3. How many hours a year do people in Japan work?
4. Why do some people work extra hours?
*5. Why don't some companies pay overtime?
6. In which country do people get the longest vacations?
*7. Why don't people use all of their vacation days?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. Which jobs in the United States have the highest salaries?
2. Which jobs have the lowest salaries?
3. What are some common benefits that employers give employees?
4. Where can you find the salaries of different jobs?
*5. Why do you think cooks and waiters get low salaries?
*6. How much is a person with a salary of $20,000 plus benefits really earning?
*7. What is the difference between a job and a profession?
*8. Why do some people think that their salary is private information?
The asterisk c* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. What do pilots wear to work?
2. What is happening to dress codes at many companies?
3. What is "Casual Friday"?
*4. What is an example of sportswear?
5. Why do employees like to wear casual clothes to work?
6. Why do employers like the casual dress code?
7. What problems can a casual dress code cause?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. *1.
How many hours a day does Amal spend sleeping?
2. How much leisure time does he have every week?
3. What are some popular leisure activities?
4. What do people like to do with their computers?
*5. What kinds of things do employees do during their lunch time?
*6. Why are so many people mixing their work activities and free-time activities?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where do the Yanomami live?
2. About how many Yanomami are there?
*3. Why didn't the Yanomami know about other people?
*4. What do the Yanomami eat?
*5. Name some changes in the daily lives of these people.
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where did the Maori come from?
2. When did Europeans come to live in New Zealand?
*3. What happened to the Maori population after the Europeans arrived?
4. How many Maori are there in New Zealand today?
*5. Why do more young people than older people speak the Maori language?
*6. How is Maori culture kept alive in the cities?
*7. Why are the marae important?
*8. Why do the Maori have yearly competitons?