CMDG C241 Stabilisation SVS0709
CMDG C241 Stabilisation SVS0709
CAPRICORN MUNICIPAL
DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES
STABILISATION
C241
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL .............................................................................................................................3
C241.01 SCOPE..............................................................................................................................................3
MATERIALS..........................................................................................................................5
C241.06 QUICKLIME.......................................................................................................................................5
C241.13 MIXING..............................................................................................................................................8
ANNEXURE.........................................................................................................................14
GENERAL
C241.01 SCOPE
2. The work to be executed under this Specification consists of the supply and Scope
incorporation of stabilising binders with material in a nominated pavement course or
subgrade layer (including materials for the selected material zone, and selected backfill),
at specified locations in the work and the spreading, compaction, trimming and curing of
such materials.
PAVEMENT COURSE
Base and Subbase Cement
Blended Stabilising Agent
Hydrated Lime (pugmill)
Quicklime (in-situ)
SUBGRADE ZONE OR LAYER
Selected Material Zone Cement
Blended Stabilising Agent
Quicklime (in-situ)
Hydrated Lime (pugmill)
Other Subgrade Layers Cement
Blended Stabilising Agent
Quicklime (in-situ)
Hydrated Lime (pugmill)
Selected Backfill Zone Cement
Hydrated Lime (pugmill)
5. Requirements for quality control and testing, including maximum lot sizes and Quality
minimum test frequencies, are cited in Annexure C241B.
1. Documents referenced in this Specification are listed in full below whilst being Documents
cited in the text in the abbreviated form or code indicated. Standards Test
Methods
(a) Council Specifications
C201 - Control of Traffic
C213 - Earthworks
C220 - Stormwater Drainage - General
C242 - Flexible Pavements
1. The Contractor shall provide a certificate from a laboratory with appropriate NATA Contractor's
registration stating that the stabilisation mix(s) submitted and the mix constituents comply Responsibility
with the mix nominated in Annexure C241A and that the stabilised material meets the
requirements of the Specification for FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS C242 if incorporated into
the works as a pavement layer or alternatively the Specification for EARTHWORKS C213
or STORMWATER DRAINAGE GENERAL C230.
1. Regular inspection, sampling and testing of pavement and subgrade materials Sampling and
shall be undertaken by the Contractor while stabilisation is in progress in accordance with Testing
this Specification.
MATERIALS
C241.05 CEMENT
1. The type of cement used as the stabilising agent or a constituent in a blended Type
stabilising agent shall comply with AS 3972.
2. If the Contractor proposes to use cement which has been stored for a period in Storage in
excess of three months from the time of manufacture, the Contractor shall arrange a Excess of 3
re-test, to ensure the cement still complies with AS3972, before the cement is used in the months
work. The cost of retesting cement, which has been stored for a period in excess of three
months, shall be borne by the Contractor. Test results shall be forwarded to the
Superintendent for approval at least 2 days in advance of usage of the material.
C241.06 QUICKLIME
1. Quicklime, consisting essentially of calcium oxide in a highly reactive form, shall Properties
have the following properties at the point of spread:
(i) Available Lime The content of calcium oxide, determined by AS 3583.12, shall
not be less than 85 per cent.
(ii) Slaking Rate The active slaking time shall not be greater than twenty minutes
and the temperature rise on slaking, determined from the
average of four samples tested in accordance with Test Method
o
T432, shall not be less than 40 C in six minutes.
2. The particle size distribution of the quick lime determined by AS 1141.11 shall Particle Size
comply with the following requirements in Table C241.06.1.
Table C241.06.1 Particle Size Distribution of Quicklime
AS Sieve Per Cent Passing
13.2mm 100
9.5mm 96 - 100
4.75mm 70 - 100
2.36mm 0 - 90
1. Hydrated lime, consisting essentially of calcium hydroxide, whether used as the Properties
sole stabilising agent or blended with other additives, shall have the following properties:
2. The properties which characterise the particular hydrated lime to be used in the
stabilising agent submitted as part of the mix design are:
2. The properties which characterise the particular ground blast furnace slag to be Properties
used in the stabilising agent submitted as part of the mix design are:
(a) Fineness - percentage by mass passing the 45 micron sieve (AS 2350.9).
(b) Relative strength (28 days) (AS 3583.6).
(c) Source.
C241.09 FLYASH
2. The properties which characterise the particular flyash to be used in the Properties
stabilising agent submitted as part of the mix design are:
(a) Fineness - percentage by mass passing the 45 micron sieve (AS 2350.9).
(b) Loss on ignition (AS 3583.3).
(c) Source.
C241.10 WATER
1. Water shall be free from harmful amounts of materials such as oils, salts, acids, Quality
alkalis and vegetable substances. The water shall not contain more than:
(a) 600 parts per million of chloride ion, determined by AS 3583.13.
(b) 400 parts per million of sulphate ion, determined by AS 1289.4.2.1.
(c) 1 percent by mass of undissolved solids.
2. Water accepted as potable and fit for human consumption will not require Potable
testing to confirm suitability.
STABILISATION PROCESSES
C241.11 GENERAL
1. The Contractor shall submit details of the proposed equipment (including the Proposed
mixing plant) and stabilisation procedures to be used in the work 14 days prior to Equipment
commencement of the work. This submission, hereafter called the Work Plan, will and
nominate the sequence of operations, widths of stabilisation passes and provision for Procedures
traffic if appropriate.
3. Stabilisation of pavement materials shall not proceed during wet weather or if rain Weather
is imminent and likely to occur during any stage of the stabilisation process so as to Conditions
significantly influence the resultant moisture content and uniformity of moisture content in
the mix.
2. Spreading shall be carried out using the mechanical spreader nominated in the Measurement
Work Plan and subsequently approved by the Superintendent. Annexure C241A
nominates the cement content. The target spread rate shall be calculated and approved
by the Superintendent.
3. The achieved accuracy of agent content shall be ±10 per cent of that nominated
rate nominated in Annexure C241A.
(b) In-Situ
2. Spreading shall be carried out using the mechanical spreader nominated in the Spreading
Work Plan and subsequently approved by the Superintendent. Annexure C241A Rate
nominates the cement content. The target spread rate shall be calculated and approved
by the Superintendent.
3. The actual spread rate shall be within ± 10 per cent of the nominated rate. The Tolerances
Contractor shall verify this by testing the spread rate for each lot or 500m2 of pavement
treated (whichever is less) in each application of binder. Spread rate testing shall be
performed by weighing the contents of a suitable 4 sided tray placed on the pavement and
between the wheels of the mechanical spreader. The rate of stabilising agent spread
2
shall be calculated by dividing the mass collected (kg) by the area of the tray (m ).
4. Where spreading vehicles are fitted with load cells, the Contractor shall ascertain Load Cells
the average spreading rate of the stabilising agent by dividing the mass of the stabilising
agent spread per run by the area of the run. The Contractor shall record this data for
each run and make it available to the Superintendent promptly. Such action will not
cancel the Contractor's obligation to undertake prescribed testing of spread rate if
required by the Superintendent.
5. The actual spread rate shall not exceed the approved rate by more than 10 per Over Spread
cent. The stabilising agent spread in excess of the approved rate shall be at no cost to Contractor’s
the Principal. Cost
6. Spreading shall not proceed during windy conditions which may cause loss of Wind
stabilising agent or cause nuisance or danger to people or property.
7. Traffic or equipment not involved in spreading or mixing of the stabilising agent Construction
shall not pass over the spread material until it has been mixed into the layer to be Traffic
stabilised.
8. Any spillage of the stabilising agent on site or at any loading location related to Spillage
the site shall be removed as soon as possible and within 24 hours of such spillage.
C241.13 MIXING
1. The stationary mixing plant shall be purpose built for the process of mixing road Equipment
making materials. All equipment shall be maintained and calibrated so as to provide a
uniformly mixed product without segregation of the aggregate material.
2. The plant shall provide for the controlled and metered inclusion of water into the Control of
mix. Water
3. The stationary mixing equipment shall incorporate a delivery system for mix Uniform
materials capable of producing a uniform mixture to design requirements. This Mixture
performance shall meet the Superintendent’s requirements and shall be confirmed by Contractor’s
monitoring the consistency of unconfined compressive strength, in accordance with Cost
AS 1289.6.1.1, with a pair of test specimens tested for each 400 tonnes of production.
(b) In-situ
1. Mixing equipment shall be purpose built for the process of in-situ mixing of road Equipment
making materials. It shall be capable of mixing to the depth specified for the layer to be
stabilised and of distributing the stabilising agent uniformly through the full depth and over
the whole area of the layer to be stabilised. A minimum of 2 passes of the mixing
equipment is required. As mixing blades or tynes wear they shall be replaced so as to
maintain mixing efficiency consistent with that demonstrated during the trial section. The
mixing equipment will be capable of supplying a calibrated amount of water to the mixing
bowl in such manner as to provide a uniformly moist mix to a target moisture content.
2. The resultant mix shall be uniform over the full depth so that there are no lenses, Uniform
pockets, lumps or granules of stabilising agent present in the layer or adjacent to it. Mixture
3. The procedure nominated in the Work Plan shall minimise disturbance of the Disturbance
distribution of stabilising agent spread in advance of the mixing process.
4. The Superintendent may require that additional passes by the mixing equipment Additional
be carried out to improve the visual uniformity of the mix and/or the moisture content. Mixing
Such additional work shall be carried out at no cost to the Principal. Contractor’s
Cost
1. The time period from addition of water during the mixing process until the Definition
completion of compaction is nominated as the Field Working Period. This period may vary
significantly with variations in the type of stabilising agent.
• The nominated Field Working Period shall be provided in Annexure C241A for the Based on
stabilising agent approved for the works. The Nominated Field Working Period Laboratory
shall be based on laboratory tests determining the time from mixing until such Tests
time as the calculated Wet Density for modified compaction procedures
decreases by more than 2 percentage points. This testing shall be undertaken the
contractor utilising AS 1289.5.7.1 and samples of the materials representative of
those to be utilised in the works.
• A maximum field working period of 2 hours shall apply for cement stabilised
material.
2. The Contractor will complete the compaction process within the Nominated Field Compaction
Working Period unless specific approval otherwise. within Field
Working
Period
1. After mixing the layer shall be trimmed and compacted in accordance with the Level
Specification for FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS C242 to produce a tight dense surface parallel Tolerance
with the finished wearing surface so that the levels do not vary from the design levels
beyond the tolerance for primary trimming specified in Clause C241.17 (a).
3. All trimmed material having been cut to waste shall be used as fill or spoiled. Trimmed
Material
4. Measurements with a 3 metre straight edge shall be taken at a minimum of 10 Straight Edge
randomly selected stations so as to represent each 200 metre lane length or part thereof. Test
Deviation of the surface from the bottom of a 3 metre straight edge placed in any
direction will meet the tolerance shown in Clause C241.17 (a). This testing will be
undertaken immediately prior to sealing or prior to the agreed practical completion for any
work component.
5. The stabilised layer shall be compacted over the entire area and depth so that the Compaction
relative compaction determined by AS 1289.5.7.1 is not less than as detailed in the
Specification for FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS C242, EARTHWORKS C213 or
STORMWATER DRAINAGE GENERAL C220 as appropriate.
6. To provide true relative compaction assessments the lots shall be sampled and Test Method
tested within the nominated field working period in accordance with AS 1289.5.7.1.
7. The maximum wet density (standard compaction) will be determined by sampling Wet Density
immediately after the determination of field density and testing will be undertaken within 2
hours of sampling. A determination of maximum wet density (standard compaction)
representing the full layer depth is required for each sampling location when calculation of
relative compaction is undertaken.
8. The field density may be determined by in-situ sand replacement testing or by In-Situ Dry
single probe Nuclear Density Meter in direct transmission mode in accordance with Density
AS 1289.5.8.1.
C241.16 JOINTS
1. Joints are defined in this Specification to comprise interfaces between work Joint Type
episodes that are separated in time by more than the nominal field working period for the
nominated stabilisation mix design. A longitudinal joint shall be considered to be a joint
generally parallel to the road centreline. A transverse joint occurs when a length of work is
terminated and extended at a later time after a period which exceeds the nominated field
working period.
2. All longitudinal and transverse joints shall be formed by cutting back into the Cutting Back
previously stabilised and fully compacted sections. A minimum longitudinal overlap of
mixing runs shall be 75mm. Transverse joints shall be overlapped by a minimum of 2
metres. The material disturbed during cutting back shall be remixed at full depth and
incorporated into the new work. No longitudinal joints shall be allowed within 0.5 metre of
the centreline of a typical wheelpath.
3. The level and shape of the joints shall be within the limits specified in Finish
Clause C241.17.
C241.17 TOLERANCES
(a) Levels and Surface Trim
Primary
1. The surface level after primary trimming shall be within a tolerance of +30mm and Trimming
+10mm of the levels shown on the Drawings.
2. The surface level after secondary trimming shall be within a tolerance of +15mm Secondary
and -15mm of the levels shown on the Drawings. Trimming
3. The pavement surface after secondary trimming and immediately prior to sealing
shall be of a quality such that deviation under a 3 metre straight edge does not exceed
12mm.
(b) Layer Thickness
Minimum
1. The final thickness of the stabilised layer at any point shall be within a tolerance Thickness
of +20mm and -10mm of the nominated layer thickness.
2. The average thickness of the layer in a lot shall be determined from Average
measurements of six randomly selected locations over any 200m length of a lot. The Thickness
average thickness shall not be less than that required to meet the specified final thickness
tolerances after trimming.
3. The layer thickness shall be measured at the edges of the stabilising run before Method of
compaction commences. The layer thickness shall be measured relative to the finished Measurement
design level.
(c) Width
Minimum
1. The width measured at any point of the stabilised layer shall be not less than the Width
specified width as shown in the Drawings by more than 50mm.
2. The average width of the layer shall be determined from measurements at 3 sites Average Width
selected at random by the Superintendent over any 200m length of a lot and shall be not
less than the specified width.
C241.18 CURING
1. The Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent details of the proposed method Notice
2. The stabilised work shall be protected against rapid drying out by keeping it Water Curing
continuously wet or damp during the period prior to the provision of a subsequent layer or
the application of a prime or primer-seal.
3. Water curing shall consist of frequent light uniform spraying that will not produce Caution
significant run off or flooding on sections of the area. Slurrying of the surface or leaching
of the stabilising agent shall be avoided.
4. Under this Specification provision for curing up to the period indicated in Curing Period
Annexure C241A shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
1. The limits and tolerances applicable to the various clauses of this Specification are summarised in
Table C241.19.1 below:
1. Quicklime
2. Hydrated Lime
4. Water
5. Application of Stabilising
Agent
7. Joints
8. Width
a) Width of Stabilised At any point, the width shall be not less C241.17(c)
Layer than 50mm short of the width shown on
the Drawings with an average width
always greater than that shown on the
Drawings.
ANNEXURE
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ANNEXURE
MANDATORY TESTING