International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),

Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2025

IDENTITY THREAT DETECTION AND RESPONSE (ITDR):

THE NEXT BIG THING IN CYBERSECURITY

Yashasvi Sharma :
Cybersecurity, Deloitte & Touche LLP
Chesapeake, United States of America
[email protected]

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Abstract: I. INTRODUCTION:
With the increasing sophistication of cyber In today’s increasingly digitized
threats, identity-based attacks have become a environment, cybercriminals are targeting
major concern for organizations. identity related vulnerabilities to gain
Cybercriminals frequently exploit stolen unauthorized access to systems, data, and critical
credentials, privilege escalation, and identity infrastructure. Identity-based attacks, including
spoofing to infiltrate sensitive systems, phishing, credential stuffing, account takeovers
bypassing conventional defenses such as (ATO), and insider threats, have become a
firewalls and antivirus software. Traditional preferred method for cyber adversaries due to
security measures, such as firewalls and their ability to bypass traditional security
antivirus solutions, often fail to detect identity- defenses. Factors like weak passwords,
related threats, as they primarily focus on compromised credentials, and misconfigured
network-based intrusions rather than identity controls further exacerbate these risks,
compromised user identities. Consequently, making it easier for attackers to exploit legitimate
there has been a surge in data breaches, account user identities to infiltrate networks undetected.
takeovers, and insider threats, demanding a
paradigm shift toward identity-centric security. Traditional security solutions, such as
firewalls, endpoint protection, and antivirus
Identity Threat Detection and Response software, primarily focus on detecting external,
(ITDR) is emerging as a critical cybersecurity network-based threats. These attacks often mimic
strategy that proactively identifies, analyzes, and legitimate user behavior, making it difficult for
mitigates identity-based threats in real time. conventional security tools to differentiate
ITDR solutions leverage AI-driven behavioral between authorized access and malicious activity.
analytics, anomaly detection, and automated Moreover, privileged account abuse, lateral
response mechanisms to detect suspicious movement within networks, and unauthorized
activities, credential misuse, and unauthorized privilege escalation pose significant security
privilege escalations before they lead to major challenges that necessitate a proactive, identity-
security incidents. By integrating with existing centric approach to threat detection and
security frameworks such as Zero Trust mitigation.
Architecture (ZTA), Security Information and
Event Management (SIEM), and Identity and Identity Threat Detection and Response
Access Management (IAM) systems, ITDR (ITDR) is emerging as a crucial cybersecurity
enhances an organization's ability to detect, strategy that directly addresses identity-related
prevent, and respond to identity-related threats threats by providing real-time monitoring, risk
effectively. analysis, and automated response mechanisms.
ITDR provides real-time visibility into identity-
This paper explores ITDR’s role in modern related anomalies by combining AI-powered
cybersecurity, detailing its key components, behavioral analytics, continuous monitoring, and
including continuous identity monitoring, risk- adaptive authentication techniques. By
based authentication, and automated integrating with existing security frameworks
remediation. Through real-world case studies, such as Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), Security
the efficacy of ITDR is demonstrated in Information and Event Management (SIEM), and
mitigating credential misuse, reducing insider Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems,
threats, and reinforcing cybersecurity ITDR strengthens an organization’s security
frameworks. As cyber threats continue to evolve, posture against modern identity threats [2].
ITDR is poised to become a fundamental pillar
in the fight against identity-based cyberattacks, This paper investigates the significance
ensuring greater resilience and protection for of ITDR in cybersecurity, highlighting its key
enterprises in an increasingly digital world [1]. methodologies, components, and real-world
applications. Furthermore, case studies
demonstrate how ITDR enhances cyber

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resilience, prevents identity-driven attacks, and access patterns, ITDR can recognize deviations
minimizes the impact of compromised that signal potential identity threats [4].
credentials, ensuring stronger security defenses in
an era of increasing digital threats. Risk-scoring mechanisms play a vital role in
prioritizing security threats. ITDR assigns risk
II. KEY COMPONENTS OF ITDR: scores to each user based on observed behavior.
For example, if an employee typically accesses a
A. Identity Threat Detection limited set of applications but suddenly attempts
Modern AI-powered ITDR solutions to download large volumes of sensitive data,
continuously monitor identity-related activities to ITDR may increase the user’s risk score,
detect anomalies that may indicate unauthorized prompting further investigation or automated
access attempts or identity-based cyber threats. remediation actions.
By leveraging machine learning algorithms and
This approach reduces false positives
AI-driven behavioral analytics, ITDR systems
while ensuring that critical identity threats
analyze login patterns, privilege escalations, and
receive immediate attention. Security teams can
session activities to distinguish between
configure custom thresholds to trigger automated
legitimate users and potential attackers.
security responses when risk scores exceed
A core aspect of identity threat detection lies acceptable levels, such as session termination or
in the ability to recognize behavioral anomalies. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enforcement.
For instance, if a user who typically logs in from Additionally, AI-driven analytics can detect
a specific region suddenly attempts to access emerging attack patterns, helping organizations
corporate systems from an unusual geographic stay ahead of sophisticated identity-based
location, ITDR can flag the activity as suspicious cyberattacks [5.].
and trigger an alert. Similarly, rapid privilege
By integrating behavioral analytics with Zero
escalations—such as an employee suddenly
Trust principles, ITDR ensures that access
gaining administrative privileges without
requests are continuously evaluated based on
approval may indicate an insider threat or a
context and risk levels, preventing unauthorized
compromised account.
access and strengthening identity-centric
Furthermore, ITDR solutions integrate with cybersecurity measures.
enterprise security tools such as Security
C. Automated Incident Response
Information and Event Management (SIEM) and
Security Orchestration, Automation, and One of the most significant advantages of
Response (SOAR) platforms to correlate identity- ITDR is its ability to automate security responses,
based anomalies with broader security threats. By thereby reducing the time it takes to mitigate
combining contextual intelligence with real-time identity-based threats. ITDR solutions integrate
threat monitoring, ITDR enables organizations to with Security Information and Event
identify and neutralize identity-based cyber risks Management (SIEM) and Identity and Access
before they escalate into major security incidents Management (IAM) systems to enforce real-time
[3]. threat mitigation strategies.
B. Behavioral Analytics and Risk Scoring When an identity-based threat is detected,
ITDR can initiate automated response
Traditional cybersecurity measures rely on
mechanisms, including:
static security rules, which limit their
effectiveness in identifying evolving identity- • Account lockouts to prevent
based attack vectors. ITDR overcomes this unauthorized users from accessing
limitation by employing behavioral analytics to sensitive data.
establish baseline activity profiles for users, • Session termination to cut off
devices, and applications. By continuously compromised accounts in real time.
monitoring login frequencies, device usage, and

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• Adaptive authentication measures such protection and reduced account takeover risks
as enforcing Multi-Factor Authentication [12].
(MFA) or risk-based step-up
authentication when unusual activity is E. Insider Threat Detection
detected. Insider threats are among the most
challenging cybersecurity risks to detect because
By automating these responses, ITDR they originate from trusted users within an
significantly reduces the dwell time of attackers, organization. Whether due to malicious intent,
preventing credential misuse, data breaches, and negligence, or compromised accounts, insider
insider threats. Additionally, ITDR solutions log threats can result in data theft, privilege abuse,
and analyze all security incidents, providing and regulatory violations. ITDR plays a crucial
security teams with detailed forensics data for role in identifying and mitigating these threats
post-incident investigations [12]. through continuous behavior monitoring and
The integration of ITDR with Security anomaly detection. Key indicators of insider
Orchestration, Automation, and Response threats that ITDR detects include:
(SOAR) platforms enables end-to-end threat
• Excessive data access: Employees
mitigation workflows, ensuring that identity
accessing files, databases, or systems
threats are contained before they can escalate into
outside their job scope may indicate
full-scale breaches.
attempts at data exfiltration.
D. Credential Compromise Prevention • Off-hours logins: If an employee
suddenly starts logging in during unusual
Credential compromise remains one of the hours, it could signal malicious activity
most exploited vectors in cyberattacks. Threat or unauthorized access attempts.
actors leverage credential stuffing attacks, where
• Privilege misuse: Unauthorized
they use leaked username- password
escalation of access rights or the creation
combinations from past breaches to gain
of backdoor admin accounts may
unauthorized access to corporate systems.
indicate insider fraud or account
Databases of leaked credentials available on the
compromise.
dark web often facilitate these attacks. ITDR
• ITDR utilizes AI-driven risk analysis to
solutions provide proactive credential
correlate user behavior with threat
compromise prevention by continuously
indicators, enabling organizations to
monitoring dark web forums, breach databases,
identify insider risks promptly.
and underground marketplaces for stolen
credentials. • By integrating with User and Entity
Behavior Analytics (UEBA) platforms,
When a compromised credential is detected, ITDR can continuously assess risk levels
ITDR can automatically perform several actions. and enforce adaptive security controls
Alert security teams and affected users about the such as real-time monitoring, session
breach. Enforce immediate password resets to tracking, and automated access
prevent unauthorized access. Require MFA for revocation.
high-risk accounts, ensuring that stolen • By detecting and responding to insider
passwords alone cannot be used to compromise threats in real time, ITDR prevents data
systems. Beyond detection, ITDR also enhances breaches, reduces financial losses, and
password hygiene policies by enforcing password enhances regulatory compliance [12].
rotation, preventing the reuse of breached
credentials, and integrating with advanced III. THE ROLE OF AI AND MACHINE
authentication frameworks such as biometric LEARNING IN ITDR:
verification and passwordless authentication. By A. Anomaly Detection Algorithms
leveraging AI-driven threat intelligence, ITDR
enables organizations to stay ahead of credential- One of the most powerful capabilities of
based attacks, thereby ensuring enhanced identity Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR)

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Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2025

is its use of machine learning-driven anomaly device but suddenly attempts access from an
detection algorithms to identify deviations from unfamiliar location, using a new device, and at an
normal identity usage patterns. These algorithms unusual time, ITDR flags this behavior as
analyze vast datasets comprising user login anomalous and prompts further investigation.
patterns, access history, privilege activities, and
device usage to detect subtle indicators of By continuously refining and learning
identity-based attacks. from new data, machine learning models improve
their accuracy over time, minimizing false
Table 1: Benefits of the AI & ML role positives while enhancing the detection of
sophisticated cyber threats. This approach
Category Role of AI & ML Key significantly reduces the risk of account
Benefit takeovers, unauthorized privilege escalations,
s and lateral movement within networks, making it
a critical component of modern cybersecurity
Threat AI analyzes patterns to Proacti strategies [4].
Predictio detect potential IT ve risk
n failures or cyber mitigati B. Predictive Threat Intelligence
threats before they on, ITDR enhances cyber resilience by
occur. reduced incorporating predictive threat intelligence,
downti enabling organizations to foresee and mitigate
me. identity-based threats before they materialize. By
Automate ML-driven systems Faster leveraging big data analytics, historical attack
d execute automated respons patterns, and AI-driven threat correlation, ITDR
Response disaster recovery plans e time, can anticipate potential attack scenarios and
when an issue is reduced recommend proactive security measures.
detected. human For instance, if a rising trend of phishing
error.
attacks targeting specific employee roles is
detected across multiple organizations, ITDR can
Data Ensures alert security teams in advance and implement
Backup busines preventive security measures such as additional
& s authentication layers or access restrictions.
Recovery AI optimizes continui
backup
ty,
scheduling and prioritizes Moreover, ITDR’s predictive capabilities
minimi
critical data for quick enable organizations to prioritize security
restoration. zes data responses based on risk assessments. Instead of
loss. reacting to active threats, security teams can
proactively identify and neutralize attack vectors,
Resource AI allocates Cost reducing response times and preventing breaches.
Optimiza computing resources savings, This predictive approach is crucial for staying
tion efficiently during improv ahead of evolving cyber threats, particularly as
recovery efforts. ed attackers employ advanced tactics like AI-
system generated deepfake credentials or automated
efficien credential stuffing attacks [12].
cy. C. Adaptive Access Controls
Unlike traditional rule-based security Traditional access control mechanisms rely
systems that rely on predefined attack signatures, on static permissions that do not account for real-
anomaly detection algorithms can identify zero- time threat levels. ITDR addresses this limitation
day threats and previously unknown attack through adaptive access controls that
patterns. For instance, if a legitimate user continuously evaluate user behavior, device
typically logs in from a specific location and

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context, geolocation, and risk levels to enforce • Identifying fraudulent accounts created
real-time access decisions. using synthetic identities.
• By proactively detecting and mitigating
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is
identity fraud, the bank improved
employed to challenge suspicious login attempts,
customer trust, reduced financial losses,
utilizing step-up authentication mechanisms such
and strengthened regulatory compliance,
as biometric verification or one-time passcodes.
demonstrating ITDR’s effectiveness in
In cases where abnormal activity persists, session
financial cybersecurity [12]
monitoring and access restrictions are enforced.
This real-time adaptive security model ensures B. Case Study 2: ITDR for Enterprise IAM
seamless access for low-risk transactions while Security – Preventing Insider Threats
applying stringent authentication protocols to
high-risk activities. By continuously assessing A multinational corporation managing
risk levels, adaptive access controls effectively sensitive corporate data faced security challenges
prevent unauthorized access without related to privilege misuse and unauthorized
compromising operational efficiency. As such, access escalations. While traditional Identity and
Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR) Access Management (IAM) solutions control
has become a critical component of modern user permissions, they lacked real-time
cybersecurity frameworks [12]. monitoring of abnormal identity behaviors.

IV. CASE STUDIES AND INDUSTRY To address this gap, the organization
IMPLEMENTATION: integrated ITDR with its IAM system, enabling

A. Case Study 1: ITDR in Financial • Continuous identity monitoring to track

Institutions privilege escalations and abnormal
access requests.
Financial institutions are prime targets for • Behavioral risk scoring, flagging
identity-based cyberattacks, as cybercriminals employees attempting to access
frequently attempt account takeovers (ATO), unauthorized systems or download large
fraudulent transactions, and unauthorized fund amounts of sensitive data.
transfers. A global bank, facing a rising number • Automated response mechanisms,
of ATO incidents due to stolen credentials and revoking suspicious privilege changes
phishing attacks, implemented ITDR to enhance and notifying security teams in real time
identity security and protect customer accounts. [12].
The ITDR framework incorporated machine Within the first year of implementation,
learning (ML)-driven behavioral analytics to ITDR prevented multiple insider threat incidents,
monitor login activity, transaction behavior, and including cases where disgruntled employees
device fingerprints in real time. Any deviations attempted unauthorized data access before
from a user’s normal activity, such as logins from resigning. Additionally, ITDR minimized
unfamiliar devices or transactions exceeding security breaches by 60%, reinforcing access
predefined thresholds, triggered automated control mechanisms and reducing the risk of data
security responses. leaks. This case highlights how ITDR strengthens
Over 12 months, the ITDR system enterprise IAM security by proactively
successfully reduced identity-related fraud by identifying and mitigating insider threats,
45% by: privilege abuse, and unauthorized access
attempts.
• Blocking suspicious login attempts based
on risk scoring.
• Enforcing multi-factor authentication
(MFA) for high-risk transactions.

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C. Case Study 3: Preventing Credential- Management (SIEM) solutions, and endpoint

Based Attacks – Securing Cloud security solutions. Many organizations operate in
Services diverse IT environments where different security
tools function independently, making integration
A leading cloud service provider faced an
difficult. Legacy systems often lack compatibility
increase in credential stuffing attacks, where
with modern ITDR solutions, adding another
attackers used compromised credentials from
layer of complexity. Additionally, ITDR must
previous data breaches to gain unauthorized
scale efficiently across cloud, on-premise, and
access to administrative accounts. Traditional
hybrid infrastructures to monitor identity threats
security measures, such as static password
effectively. To overcome these integration
policies and IP blacklisting, were ineffective
hurdles, organizations need ITDR solutions that
against these automated attacks.
support API-based connectivity, cloud
To mitigate this, the organization deployed an compatibility, and seamless interoperability with
ITDR solution with a focus on real-time existing security frameworks [3].
monitoring, which included:
Another challenge is false positives,
• Real-time anomaly detection, flagging which occur when AI-driven anomaly detection
repeated failed login attempts from mistakenly flags legitimate user behavior as a
different geolocations. security risk. This can disrupt workflows by
• Dark web monitoring, identifying triggering unnecessary security responses and
exposed credentials linked to overwhelming security teams with excessive
administrative accounts. alerts, making it harder to focus on actual threats.
• Automated mitigation, enforcing step- Continuous refinement of ITDR models through
up authentication for suspicious login machine learning improvements, contextual risk
attempts and blocking compromised analysis, and adaptive algorithms is essential to
credentials. reduce false positives and enhance detection
accuracy [12].
As a result, the credential stuffing attack
success rate dropped by 80%, ensuring service
continuity and preventing unauthorized system User privacy concerns also pose a
access. This case illustrates the crucial role ITDR significant challenge. ITDR continuously
plays in securing cloud environments, protecting monitors user behavior, login patterns, and access
API endpoints, administrative accounts, and activities to detect potential identity threats.
sensitive data from credential-based cyber threats While this enhances security, it raises concerns
[12]. about data privacy, regulatory compliance, and
user trust. Organizations must ensure that ITDR
V. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS: solutions comply with data protection regulations
such as GDPR and CCPA, implement encryption
While Identity Threat Detection and and anonymization techniques, and maintain
Response (ITDR) is a crucial advancement in transparency about how identity data is collected
cybersecurity, its implementation presents and used [1].
several challenges, including integration
complexities, false positives, and privacy Despite these challenges, ITDR remains a
concerns. Addressing these issues is essential for vital tool for strengthening cybersecurity. By
maximizing ITDR effectiveness within existing addressing integration issues, refining AI models
security ecosystems. to minimize false positives, and implementing
robust privacy safeguards, organizations can
One of the biggest challenges is the complex maximize the effectiveness of ITDR in protecting
integration required for ITDR to work seamlessly digital identities and preventing unauthorized
with existing Identity and Access Management access [12].
(IAM) systems, Security Information and Event

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VI. FUTURE PROSPECTS: • Ensure tamper-proof identity records to

As cyber threats continue to grow in reduce identity fraud and impersonation
complexity, Identity Threat Detection and attacks.
Response (ITDR) is poised to evolve into a more • Enable verifiable credentials, where
advanced and proactive cybersecurity solution. identity attributes are stored securely on
Future ITDR developments will focus on deeper a distributed ledger.
AI integration, decentralized identity verification • Reduce reliance on password-based
using blockchain, and enhanced automation to authentication to minimize credential
improve security outcomes. These advancements theft risks.
will help organizations stay ahead of emerging By integrating blockchain with ITDR,
identity-based threats and ensure stronger organizations can enhance identity verification
protection for digital identities. mechanisms while giving users more control over
A. AI-Powered Threat Detection and their personal data [12].
Response C. Advanced Automation and Adaptive
The next phase of ITDR will involve a more Security Responses
sophisticated use of artificial intelligence (AI) Automation will play a central role in the next
and machine learning (ML) to detect and predict phase of ITDR evolution. As threats become
identity-based threats with greater accuracy. more sophisticated, future ITDR solutions will
Current ITDR solutions rely on behavioral offer real-time adaptive responses that
analytics and anomaly detection, but future dynamically adjust security measures based on
iterations will incorporate deep learning models threat levels and risk assessments.
that can:
• Automatically adjust authentication
• Analyze vast amounts of identity data requirements based on user behavior and
from multiple sources in real time. contextual risks.
• Identify subtle patterns in cybercriminal • Implement just-in-time (JIT) access
behaviors that traditional security tools control, granting temporary privileges
might miss. only when necessary to minimize insider
• Provide predictive analytics to foresee threats. Integrate with zero-trust
potential threats before they materialize. architectures to ensure continuous
By refining AI-driven threat detection, ITDR identity verification, eliminating the need
will be able to reduce false positives, improve for traditional perimeter-based security
risk-scoring mechanisms, and automate security models.
responses with higher precision [12]. By enhancing automation, ITDR will help
B. Decentralized Identity Verification security teams reduce response times, mitigate
Using Blockchain identity threats more efficiently, and minimize the
manual workload associated with identity threat
One of the biggest challenges in identity management [12].
security is the centralized storage of identity data,
which makes organizations vulnerable to large- VII. CONCLUSION:
scale breaches. Blockchain technology provides a The rise of identity-based threats has
solution through decentralized identity exposed the limitations of traditional security
management, eliminating the need for centralized measures, making it imperative for organizations
databases by enabling individuals to own and to adopt Identity Threat Detection and Response
control their digital identities. (ITDR) as a proactive defense mechanism. By
In future ITDR implementations, blockchain- leveraging AI-driven behavioral analytics, real-
based identity verification could facilitate time monitoring, and automated threat
numerous benefits: mitigation, ITDR strengthens security resilience

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AUTHOR’s PROFILE
[3] O. A. Bello and K. Olufemi, “Artificial
intelligence in fraud prevention: Exploring Yashasvi Sharma is a Senior Consultant at
techniques and application challenges and Deloitte & Touche LLP, where she has been
opportunities,” Comput. Sci. IT Res. J., vol. specializing in cybersecurity for nearly 6 years.
5, no. 6, pp. 1505–1520, 2024. With over seven years of professional experience
[4] N. Ghadge, “Enhancing threat detection in across the United States and India, she has
Identity and Access Management (IAM) developed expertise in cybersecurity risk
systems,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch., vol. 11, no. management, compliance, and advisory services.
2, pp. 2050–2057, 2024. Yashasvi holds a Master’s in Information
Technology and Management from Illinois

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2025

Institute of Technology in the United States,

which complements her strong technical
background. Yashasvi’s work is driven by a
passion for innovation, commitment to
excellence, and a focus on helping organizations
strengthen their cybersecurity frameworks in an
evolving digital landscape.

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2025

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International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS)
ISSN: 1947-5500 | Impact Factor: 1.38
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• Cybersecurity & Information Security
• Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
• Data Science & Big Data Analytics
• Computer Networks & Cloud Computing
• Blockchain & Cryptography
• Internet of Things (IoT) & Edge Computing
• Software Engineering & Software Security
• Digital Forensics & Cyber Threat Intelligence
• Human-Computer Interaction & Usability
• Computational Intelligence & Algorithms
Important Dates:
• Manuscript Submission Deadline: Monthly, 2025
• Acceptance Notification: Within 2 weeks, 2025
• Publication Date: End of Month, 2025

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2025

Submission Guidelines:
Authors are requested to submit their manuscripts via the IJCSIS online submission
system or email at [email protected]. The paper should be formatted according to
IJCSIS template guidelines and must not have been previously published or under
consideration elsewhere.
Review Process:
All submitted manuscripts undergo a double-blind peer-review process to ensure high
academic quality. Authors will receive constructive feedback from expert reviewers.
Why Publish with IJCSIS?
• Indexed in major databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and more.
• High visibility with open-access publication.
• Fast peer-review and publication process.
• DOI and indexing services for all published papers.
Contact Information:
For any inquiries, please contact the editorial team at [[email protected]] or visit
our website at [ https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS
].
We look forward to your submissions!
IJCSIS Editorial Board
https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ijcsis/editorial-board

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