ISSN 0971-1929

Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Online ISSN 0974-4568

Volume 42 (1) Jan- Mar 202

Journal of
Forensic Medicine
and Toxicology
A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL DEDICATED TO ALL BRANCHES
OF FORENSIC MEDICINE, TOXICOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES

42ndYear of Publication

Place of publication
Volume 41 (2) Jul - Dec 2024

Editor-In-Chief
New Delhi, India
Prof (Dr.) Sanjay Gupta

www.jfmtonline.com
International Edition ISSN 0971-192
Online ISSN 0974-4568
The Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
A peer review journal covered by Scopus, Embase and the Excerpta Medica Database
(Official Publication of the Medicolegal Society)
PRINT ISSN: 0971-1929 ONLINE ISSN: 0974-4568 www.jfmtonline.com Email id: [email protected]

E ead, Forensi Medi ine o i olog

All India Ins i u e of Medi al S ien es Ne Delhi (India)
Late PROF. O. P. MURTY
E Professor, Forensi Medi ine o i olog
All India Ins i u e of Medi al S ien es Ne Delhi (India)

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
PROF. (DR.) SANJAY GUPTA,

E-mail : [email protected]

DR. UTSAV PAREKH PROF. (DR.) PRATEEK RASTOGI

Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore,
Rajkot, Gujarat, India. 360110. Manipal Academy of Higher Education.

ASSISTANT EDITORS
DR. MUKUL SHARMA
DR. SENTHIL KUMARAN M.
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, U.P, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India

ADVISORY BOARD
Prof. Mohd Shah Mahmood (KL, Malaysia) Prof. Mukesh Yadav (UP)
Prof. Muzaherful Huq (Bangladesh) Dr. Anil Kohli (New Delhi)
Prof. Ravinder Fernanado (Sri Lanka) Prof. A. J. Patowary (NEIGRIHMS, Shillong)
Prof. Shafi Nizamani (UiTM, Malaysia) Prof. Sanjoy Das (Dehradun, Uttarakhand)
Prof. Stephen Cordner (VIFM, Australia) Prof. Kalpesh Shah (Ahmedabad, Gujarat)
Prof. Magdy Kharoshah (Egypt) Prof. Putul Mahanta (Assam)
Prof. Jason Payne James (UK) Prof. Arneet Arora (AIIMS, Bhopal)
Prof. George Paul (Singapore) Prof. Adarsh Kumar (AIIMS, New Delhi)
Prof. S. K. Verma (New Delhi), Prof. Shreemanta Kumar Dash (AIIMS, Mangalagiri)
Prof. S. K. Sharma (New Delhi) Prof. Padmakumar K (Thrissur, Kerala)
Prof. Sanjeev Lalwani (AIIMS, New Delhi) Prof. Manoj Mohanty (AIIMS, Bhuvneshwar)
Prof. Tabin Millo (AIIMS, New Delhi) Prof. Dasari Harish (GMC, Chandigarh)

Official Publication of Medico-Legal Society (regd). All rights reserved to The Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. All
addresses are available with Editor-in-Chief. Legal Jurisdiction shall be Rajkot, Gujarat.
 EDITORIAL BOARD
Prof. Ajay Kumar (AIIMS, Bathinda) Prof. Rajesh Babu (NFSU, Gandhinagar)
Prof. Akhilesh Pathak (AIIMS, Bhatinda) Prof. S Venkata Raghava (BMCRI, Bangalore) Prof.
Prof. Arun M (Mysore) Shalini Gupta (KGMU, Lucknow)
Prof. Ashim Mishra (Jamshedpur) Prof. Singi Yatiraj (AIIMS, Bilaspur)
Dr. (Col.) C. S. Makhani (AFMC, PUNE) Prof. Somnath Das (BSMC, Bankura, WB)
Prof. Dhamesh Patel (BJMC, Ahmedabad) Prof. Tanuj Kanchan (AIIMS, Jodhpur)
Prof. Geeta Sahoo (SCB, Cuttack) Prof. Amit Patil (AIIMS, Patna)
Prof. Hitesh Chawla (SHKM, Haryana) Prof. Nishat Ahmed Sheikh (AIIMS, Deoghar)
Prof. Jagadeesh N (Bengaluru) Dr. Pragnesh Parmar (AIIMS, Hyderabad)
Prof. Kusa Kumar Shaha (JIPMER) Prof. Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Vidua (AIIMS, Bhopal) Dr.
Manish Shrigiriwar (AIIMS, Nagpur) Raghavendra Singh Shekhawat (AIIMS, Jodhpur)
Prof. Nagesh K R (FMMC, Mangalore) Dr. Shankar M Bakkannavar (KMC, Manipal)
Prof. O. P Saini (SPMC, Bikaner) Dr. Vikas Meshram (AIIMS, Jodhpur)
Prof. Praveen Arora (SAIMS, Indore)

Official Publication of Medico-Legal Society (regd). All rights reserved to The Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. All
addresses are available with Editor-in-Chief. Legal Jurisdiction shall be Rajkot, Gujarat.
 JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY
(ISSN 0971-1929)
(Online ISSN 0974-4568)

CONTENTS
VolumeXLII NumberTwo Jan-Mar2025 Page

ro . r. Sanja u ta

E TOR AL
1. Altmetrics – Beyond the Bibliometrics: A New Tool for Online Attention to the Publication
Utsav Parekh, Sanjay Gupta 1

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLES

. e a Ma e t e e t e Met P t te te a t at
Mamta Kumari, Rajeev Kumar, Praveen Dixit, Aravindan U, Hitesh Chawla, Shipra Kumari 5
. e at P a at t e a e te e te e T e
Fa t Le e a t e
Ambika Prasad Patra, Priyadharsan S, Siddhartha Das, Balasubramaniyan, Rajeswari M 12
. e t a t ta e e U e a ate Me a t e t a e e t
Medical College and Hospital of North Bengal Region
Deepmalya Sengupta, Pranabesh Bharatee, Tanay Mohanta 19
. e a t Me e a t ae te at Utta a a a a t t a ata a
Pramod Kumar GN, Raja Suriya Varman BR, Abeed Mulla, Moolya Surakshit Shekhar, Mohammed Aslam,
Vineeth B, Sentitoshi
. a Fe a e Me Le a eat e t a t at e e t Me a e e -
ta-Rajasthan
Chandra Shekhar Sharma, Vinod Kumar Garg, Lal Chand Verma,Deepak Sharma 31
. The Conceptualisation of Medical Students Towards Online Education
Senthil Kumaran M, Shreemata Kumar Dash, Arun Kumar Siddamsetty, Bedanta Sarma, Venkatesh J 37
8. e e tt t e a P a t e Me Le a t U e a ate t e t a Me a
e e a a e t a a t a t
Tej Bahadur Chhetri, T. Ramalingamma Chhetri, Syed Meraj Ahmed 45
9. Histopathological Study of Lung Changes in COVID-19 Cases: Autopsy Study
Surekha Vijayan M, Bhavya Mohan, Rajendra Prasad VK, Sheeju PA 55
10. Patte Fata R a T a e t at a Ma Ret e t e t
Rajlakshmi Rajkumari, Bhuvnesh Yadav, K. S. Singh, Gurvinder Singh Bumbrah 60
11. e a P e P ae t e at t e t e R M Ra
Shanu Kumar, Anjali Kumari, Sraddha Singh, Hritik Kumar, Bhoopendra Singh 66
12. at a Re t Ma t Re t e a P te t a t a te a P -
lation
Phalguni Srimani, Somasish Ghosal, Writa Mridha, Soumeek Chowdhuri 75
13. Ret e t e a Fata Ra a e P a a a T ee Yea t ae t
Shweta Saroj, Archana Kaul, Alok Kumar, Vedant Kulshrestha. 82

Radiography in a South Indian Population

Perumal P, Lakshmibharathi M 86
15. t e e e tt t e a e e U e t t e t Re a ta e M e
Salman Ali, Mohd Asrarul Haque, Kashif Ali, Sarah Javed, Haneef Shaik, Pranav R. Empran

Official Publication of Medico-Legal Society (regd). All rights reserved to The Journal of Forensic Medicine &
Toxicology. All addresses are available with Editor-in-Chief. Legal Jurisdiction shall be Rajkot, Gujarat.’
R RT L

. Teaching Forensic Medicine in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Opportunities

Imran Sabri
17. t t P t M te te a t at a Ma e a T e a e
Pooja V Menon, G.B Aravind, Aswathy Ajayan, S. Darshan, H.V Chandrakanth
18. a t te Ma a e e t e e e a t e t a Pat e t O t e te at Re e
Rajiv Ratan Singh, Chandra Prakash, Santosh Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Yadav, Sachin Kumar Tripathi, Shobhna
Yadav
19. U e T t t a te e e F e Me ea at ette Late T a e e
Shankar Bakkannavar, Utsav Parekh, Sanjay Gupta

CASE SERIES

20. e ea ate te ea e ae e e a L te at e Re e
Sunil, Shrayash Singh, Shubham Verma, Mukta Rani, Shashank Tyagi

CASE REPORTS

21. Silent Intruder: A Case of Intracranial Foreign Body Insertion and Its Medicolegal Implications
Chandrakala Gadige, Akhilesh Pathak
22. A Deadly Encounter: Lightning Strike on a Boat
Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Varun Krishna B, Matthew Antony Manoj, Tanya Singh, Pavanchand Shetty H, Therese
Mary, Bhanu Thejaswi Pallempati
23. Sudden Death Caused by Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Rupture
Vinoth G, Ajmal BL, Mahabalesh Shetty
24. U e a a e e Pate t te ae t
BK Mohapatra, Seema Dagar, Kangana Aggarwal, Chittaranjan Behera
25. ta a Ra e a e a P t aF e t a t
Siddhartha Das, Arya K Anil, Bhawana A Badhe, Shanmugam Devarajan, S Vikram

Official Publication of Medico-Legal Society (regd). All rights reserved to The Journal of Forensic Medicine &
Toxicology. All addresses are available with Editor-in-Chief. Legal Jurisdiction shall be Rajkot, Gujarat.’
 Obituary:

Prof. Dr. O. P. Murty (1 Jan 1962 – 17 Jan 2025)

Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS New Delhi
Founder Editor, Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

It is with profound sadness and extreme grief that we announce the demise of Prof. Dr. O. P. Murty, a pioneering
!gure in the !eld of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology in India, who left us at the age of 63 years.
He did his graduation and postgraduation from MAMC New Delhi and joined as Assistant Professor at AIIMS
New Delhi in 1992 and continued until 2025. In between, he also served as faculty in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia
for a period of about 4 years. A born leader who worked as President of Resident Doctor Association during his
postgraduate days also served as General Secretary of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine for two tenures (2000-
2004). During his tenure he streamlined the functioning of IAFM and also published life members directory.
A distinguished scholar, educator, and mentor, Prof. Dr. Murty’s contributions to Forensic Medicine are immea-
surable. His unmatched expertise, clarity of thought, and unwavering commitment to advancing the discipline
have left an indelible mark on the !eld. In addition to his academic career, Prof. Murty was the Emeritus Editor
of the Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology—a publication that became an authoritative voice since 40+
years in the global forensic community under his stewardship. His editorial vision ensured that the journal re-
mained at the forefront of forensic research, publishing pioneering studies, case reports, and reviews that have
shaped current practices and policies.
Prof. Murty was renowned not only for his exceptional knowledge but also for his integrity, compassion, and ded-
ication to the truth—qualities that served him well in his work as a forensic expert. His contributions to the !eld
were instrumental as he also edited renowned Text book of Forensic Medicine authored by KSN Reddy. Through-
out his career, Prof. Murty held numerous leadership positions, both nationally and internationally, and was a
sought-after consultant for various law enforcement agencies, courts, and health organizations. He also served
as a mentor to countless postgraduate students and researchers, many of whom have gone on to make signi!cant
contributions of their own in forensic medicine.
Prof. Murty’s work has left an enduring influence on the development of forensic medicine in India and around the
world, and his memory will live on through his vast body of research, publications, and the many lives he touched.
Prof. Dr. O.P. Murty is survived by his family, colleagues, students, and the countless people whose lives he im-
pacted through his work. His passing is an immense loss, but his legacy will continue to shape the !eld of forensic
medicine for generations to come.
Rest in peace, Prof. Dr. Murty. Your legacy will forever remain a beacon of truth, integrity, and excellence in Fo-
rensic Medicine.

Om Shanti !!!
 GUIDELINES TO THE AUTHORS
About the Journal (Print ISSN: 0971-1929. Electronic ISSN:0974- 4- Other categories: Editorial, Guest Editorial, short communication
4568): JFMT is a peer-reviewed medical journal published bi-annually(Jan etc are solicited by the discretion of editor.
to June and July-December) by the Editor as an official publication of
Medicolegal Society. References: As per standard guidelines (NLM Citation Style refers to
the citation style from the National Library of Medicine and used by
Scope of the Journal: The Journal covers medico-legal and clinical the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)http://
aspects including the ethical and social issues related to the subject www.icmie.orghttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html)
specialty of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Pathology, Forensic Radiology,
Emergency Medicine, Forensic Psychiatry, Toxicology and allied 1. Standard Journal Article: Menten P, Jeunemaitre X, de Wardener
specialities. The Journal promotes dissemination of original research work HE, MacGregor GA. Links between dietary salt intake, renal salt handling,
for larger interest. blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. Physiol Rev. 2005
Apr;85(2):679-715.
Indexing: The Journal is indexed and abstracted with Scopus, Embase, (in case of more than 6 authors, use “et al”)
Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, CNKI Scholar, EBSCO Discovery,
Indian Citation Index etc. Details are available online at: https:// 2. Books with editors: Ryan KJ, Ray CG, Sherris JC, editors. Sherris
jfmtonline.com medical microbiology. 5th ed. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill Medical;
2010.
Preparation of Manuscripts
3. Chapter in a book: Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM, Chromosome
Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with “Uniform requirements alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors.
for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals referring standard The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill~ 2002.p. 93-113.
guidelines provided by ICMJE (International Committee of Medical
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and all contributors shall strictly adhere to these. The authors are expected
1- Original article: These include original research articles comprising to give a certificate detailing each one’s contribution to the manuscript.
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controlled trials, outcome studies, case-control series and surveys with for publication. Acknowledgements, if any should be mentioned at the
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 Abstract: An abstract (unstructured) of no more than 250 words
 Key words:3 to 5 separated by semicolon (;) Conflict of Intereststatement:All authors must declare and submit signed
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detail.
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 Results: Present your results in a logical sequence in the text,
Review Board is mandatory for original research work. For case report,
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case series, review article, short communication etc. intimation to
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technical details can be placed in an appendix where it will be
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 Discussion: Include summary of key findings (primary outcome
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INTEGRITY AND PUBLICATION ETHICS, 2019) shall be taken into
 Conclusion / recommendations
the consideration before submitting the article for publication.
2- Review Articles: It is expected that these articles would be written by
authors who have done substantial work on the subject or are considered You can submit your paper only at online submission portal at:
experts in the field. Plagiarism must be avoided. Authors submitting www.jfmtonline.com
review article should include a section describing the methods used for
locating, selecting, extracting and synthesizing data. Review article must Note: For all matters including acceptance, rejection, withdrawal,
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3- Case Reports: Should include interesting and rare / unique cases. t eP e a e P R.

Each figure/ picture should be submitted in .jpeg format and must be Website: www.jfmtonline.com
labelled. Similar for case series.
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ffi ial Publi a ion of Medi o egal So ie (regd). All righ s reserved o he ournal of Forensi Medi ine o i olog . All
addresses are available i h Edi or in Chief. egal urisdi ion shall be Rajko , Gujara .
From the Desk of Editor

Journey of Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

and way forwards

Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay Gupta

Editor-In-Chief, JFMT

Dear Readers and Friends,

I am deeply saddened by the sudden demise of Prof. O.P. Murty, a stalwart in the Forensic fraternity. His contributions to
the field and JFMT are immeasurable, and his legacy will be remembered forever.
As a token of respect, we have proposed an award in his name to the Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine (IAFM) to
recognize his tireless efforts and academic contributions.
In 2022, the Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (JFMT) was facing many turbulences in its existence. I was
entrusted with the responsibility of reviving it, and I, along with my team, worked tirelessly to restore its reputation. Our
efforts paid off at a significant personal and professional cost. We incurred monetary losses, sacrificed opportunities, and
devoted countless hours to develop the domain and coping with immense stress.
Today, JFMT stands as one of the premier national journals in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, a testament to our
unwavering dedication and hard work.
As I complete the tenure of three years as Editor, I acknowledge the invaluable contributions of our team. Our collective
efforts have enabled us to:
1. Achieve quarterly publication milestones - Starting from 2025, we are transitioning our publication schedule from
biannual to quarterly. This change will enable us to:
• Increase the frequency of our issues
• Accommodate and publish more research articles
• Enhance the visibility and impact of our journal
• Provide more opportunity to researchers to publish in standard indexed journal
2. To maintain high-quality content, we focus on several key aspects:
2.1 Editorial Process
1. Peer Review: We ensure that all submissions undergo rigorous double-blind peer review to assess their validity,
relevance, and impact.
2. Editorial Board: Our editorial board consists of experts in the field who provide guidance and oversight to ensure
that our content meets the highest standards.
2.2 Content Standards
1. Originality: We prioritize original research and articles that contribute meaningfully to the field of Forensic
Medicine and Toxicology.
2. Accuracy: We ensure that all content is accurate, up-to-date, and free from errors.
3. Clarity: We strive to present complex information in a clear and concise manner, making it accessible to our readers.
4. Plagiarism: All articles are having minimum acceptable similarity index in line with standard guidelines.
2.3 Quality Control
1. Fact-checking: We verify facts and data to ensure that our content is reliable and trustworthy.
2. Grammar and Style: We maintain a high level of grammar, syntax, and style to ensure that our content is well-
written and engaging.
 By focusing on these aspects, we aim to maintain high-quality content that is informative, engaging, and relevant to
our readers.
3. To ensure good indexing, we focus on:
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
1. Keyword Research: Conduct thorough keyword research to identify relevant terms and phrases.
2. Optimized Titles and Abstracts: Craft titles and abstracts that accurately reflect the content and include target
keywords.
Metadata and Tagging
1. Accurate Metadata: Ensure that metadata, such as author names, keywords, and abstracts, is accurate and
consistent.
2. Tagging: Use relevant tags and categories to help search engines understand the content and structure of our
journal.
4. Indexing Services
1. Registration with Indexing Services: Registered our journal with reputable indexing services, such as Embase &
Scopus.
2. Regular Updates: Regularly update our indexing services to ensure that our content is discoverable and accessible.
By following these strategies, we can improve the visibility and discoverability of our journal, making it easier for
readers to find and access our content
5. Our dedicated website is designed to provide a seamless user experience, featuring:
5.1 Key Features
1. Easy Navigation: Intuitive menu and clear categorization ensure that visitors can quickly find the information
they need.
2. Current Issues: Access to our latest publications, including articles, research papers, and editorials.
3. Archive: A comprehensive archive of past issues, allowing users to explore our extensive collection of content.
4. Submission Guidelines: Clear instructions for authors on how to submit their work for consideration.
5. Contact Us: A convenient contact form or email address for users to reach out with questions, feedback, or inquiries.
6. System: Users friendly submission and review system
5.2 Benefits
1. Improved Visibility: Our website increases the visibility of our journal, making it easier for readers to discover
our content.
2. Enhanced Accessibility: Our website provides 24/7 access to our content, allowing users to explore our publications
at their convenience.
3. Streamlined Submissions: Our online submission system simplifies the process for authors, reducing
administrative burdens and improving the overall experience
6. Our online submission system is designed to streamline the process for authors, reviewers, and editors. Key
features include:
Author Benefits
1. Easy Submission: A user-friendly interface for submitting manuscripts, including abstracts, keywords, and supporting
documents.
2. Tracking: Real-time tracking of manuscript status, from submission to publication.
3. Notifications: Automated email notifications for submission acknowledgment, review updates, and publication.
Reviewer Benefits
1. Simplified Review Process: A streamlined interface for reviewing manuscripts, including access to submission
details and reviewer guidelines.
2. Deadline Reminders: Automated reminders for upcoming review deadlines.
Editorial Benefits
1. Efficient Management: A centralized system for managing submissions, reviewers, and editorial workflow.
2. Data Analysis: Insights into submission trends, review times, and publication metrics.
By implementing an efficient online submission system, we aim to improve the overall experience for authors,
reviewers, and editors, while maintaining the high quality of our publications.
7. To provide timely reviews and responses, we focus on:
Efficient Review Process
1. Streamlined Workflow: A well-organized workflow ensures that submissions are reviewed promptly and
efficiently.
2. Qualified Reviewers: Experienced reviewers with expertise in the field provide high-quality feedback.
Communication
1. Regular Updates: Authors receive regular updates on the status of their submissions.
2. Clear Feedback: Reviewers provide constructive feedback that is clear, concise, and actionable.
By prioritizing timely reviews and responses, we aim to provide authors with a positive experience and ensure the quality
of our publications.
8. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all contributors who have played a crucial role in the success of
this publication. To everyone involved, I express my heartfelt appreciation for your dedication, hard work, and
commitment to excellence. Your collective efforts have made this publication a reality, and we are grateful for your
contributions.
Special Thanks to:
• Editorial Board: For their expertise, guidance, and oversight throughout the publication process.
• Reviewers: For their time, effort, and constructive feedback that has helped shape the quality of our content.
• Authors: For sharing their research, insights, and expertise with our audience.
• Publishers and Subscribers: For their support, resources, and expertise in bringing this publication to life.
9. Future Growth and Expansion
Team Growth
1. Recruitment: Increase the team size by including talented individuals who share our vision and values.
2. Training and Development: Provide ongoing training and development opportunities to ensure our team stays
up-to-date with industry trends.
High-Quality Articles
1. Content Strategy: Develop a content strategy that attracts high-quality submissions from renowned experts in the
field.
2. Peer Review: Implement a rigorous peer-review process to ensure that only the best articles are published.
Rejection Rate
1. Improved Review Process: Streamline the review process to reduce rejection rates and provide constructive feedback
to authors.
2. Author Support: Offer support and resources to authors to help them improve their submissions.
Better Visibility
1. Digital Marketing: Leverage digital marketing channels to increase visibility and reach a broader audience.
2. Social Media: Utilize social media platforms to promote our content and engage with readers.
Better Indexing
1. Indexing Services: Register with reputable indexing services to improve discoverability and citation rates.
2. Metadata Optimization: Optimize metadata to ensure accurate and consistent indexing.
Subscription Growth
1. Subscription Model: Develop a subscription model that offers value to readers and provides a sustainable revenue
stream.
2. Promotion: Promote our subscription model through targeted marketing campaigns and outreach efforts.
By achieving these goals, we aim to establish ourselves as a leading publication in the field, known for our high-quality
content, excellent editorial standards, and commitment to innovation.
Thank you to everyone involved for your tireless efforts and commitment to excellence.

Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay Gupta

Editor-In-Chief, JFMT