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 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

CIVIL TECHNOLOGY: CONSTRUCTION

2019

MARKS: 200

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 14 pages and 8 answer sheets.

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Civil Technology: Construction 2 DBE/2019
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REQUIREMENTS:

1. Drawing instruments

2. A non-programmable calculator

3. ANSWER BOOK

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SIX questions.

2. Answer ALL the questions.

3. Answer each question as a whole. Do NOT separate subsections of

questions.

4. Start the answer to EACH question on a NEW page.

5. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

6. You may use sketches to illustrate your answers.

7. Write ALL calculations and answers in the ANSWER BOOK or on the

attached ANSWER SHEETS.

8. Use the mark allocation as a guide to the length of your answers.

9. Make drawings and sketches in pencil, fully dimensioned and neatly finished
off with descriptive titles and notes to conform to the SANS/SABS Code of
Practice for Building Drawings.

10. For the purpose of this question paper, the size of a brick should be taken as
220 mm x 110 mm x 75 mm.

11. Use your own discretion where dimensions and/or details have been omitted.

12. Answer QUESTIONS 2, 3.6, 4.4, 4.6, 5.5, 5.6, 6.4 and 6.6 on the attached
ANSWER SHEETS using drawing instruments where necessary.

13. Write your CENTRE NUMBER and EXAMINATION NUMBER on every

ANSWER SHEET and hand them in with your ANSWER BOOK, whether you
have used them or not.

14. Drawings in the question paper are NOT to scale due to electronic transfer.

15. Google Images was used as the source for all photographs and pictures.

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Civil Technology: Construction 3 DBE/2019
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QUESTION 1: OHSA, SAFETY, MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND JOINING

(GENERIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

1.1 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches an item in COLUMN A.

Write only the letter (A–G) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.6 H.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.1.1 Galvanising A keeps freshly cast concrete damp

1.1.2 Electroplating B metal dipped in lead

1.1.3 Curing C protects wood and other material

against natural decay
1.1.4 Paint
D a plastic finish on metal surfaces,
1.1.5 Powder coating applied with a compressed air spray
gun

E coating mild steel with a thin layer of

another material by electrolysis

F coating timber with a thin layer of

another material by electrolysis

G metal dipped in zinc

(5 x 1) (5)

1.2 Explain ONE cause of injuries when handling materials. (1)

1.3 Give the angle/ratio at which a ladder should be placed against a wall. (2)

1.4 Explain TWO safety precautions that must be followed when using a builder's
hoist. (2)

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Civil Technology: Construction 4 DBE/2019
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1.5 FIGURE 1.5 below shows tools that are used on a construction site.

A B
FIGURE 1.5

1.5.1 Identify both A and B. (2)

1.5.2 Name ONE use of A and B respectively. (2)

1.6 The pictures below illustrate the steps followed when fixing material to a floor
with a fastener.

A B C D
FIGURE 1.3

1.6.1 Identify the fastener that is used in D. (1)

1.6.2 Describe the steps in A–D above in your ANSWER BOOK. (4)

1.6.3 Justify the use of this fastener to secure the bracket of a heavy
gate to a wall. (1)
[20]
QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (GENERIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

FIGURE 2 on the next page shows an elevation and a ground floor plan that appear on
a building plan. Analyse the drawings and complete the table on ANSWER SHEET 2.

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 Civil Technology: Construction 5 DBE/2019
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NOTE:
Contractors must verify all
dimensions and levels on site before
1 commencing work. Architects must
be notified of any discrepancies
immediately.

ARCHITECT'S SIGNATURE ………………….

CLIENT'S SIGNATURE ……………………….

2
The following must be placed at a
long passage or a staircase:
3

8 W1

Symbol to be placed at the entrance

W2 5
door of the house:
6

FIGURE A
SCALE 1 : 100
REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION
220 3 000 110
PRINTED BY: DATE OF PRINT:
QUALITY PRINTERS 2019/06/16
WH

DRAWING TITLE:
SITE PLAN STAND 1445
11 10
9
W1

PROJECT:
PROPOSED NEW DWELLING OF
MR H SMITH ON STAND 1445,
LOUNGE JUPITER STREET, GERMISTON
W2

PROJECT NO. DRAWING NO.

6 000

GR 447-104 337P7

DATE DRAWN CHECKED SCALE

12
25/04/2019 JP BOTHA P BLADE 1 : 100
W2

REFERENCE CODE:
QP 2-2019

WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2
14

1 200 2 400
W1 13
220

110 3 000 220

1 800
1 800

FIGURE B 15

FIGURE 2 [40]
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Civil Technology: Construction 6 DBE/2019
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QUESTION 3: ROOFS, STAIRCASES AND JOINING (SPECIFIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

3.1 Give the minimum pitch of a roof when concrete tiles are used as roof
covering. (1)

3.2 Give the dimensions of a purlin that is used for corrugated iron sheeting. (2)

3.3 Give the maximum spacing between roof trusses if the roof is covered with
concrete tiles. (1)

3.4 Name the first batten on a roof that is covered with concrete tiles. (1)

3.5 FIGURE 3.5 below is a drawing of a line diagram of a South African (Howe)
roof truss. Identify parts A–E.

A
B

c
D

FIGURE 3.5 (5)

3.6 Use ANSWER SHEET 3.6 and draw, in good proportion, a neat sketch of
a lean-to roof supported by two walls.

Show the following on your drawing:

 Span
 Walls
 Wall plate
 Rafter
 Any TWO labels (8)

3.7 Recommend a suitable depth that wire or galvanised steel straps should be
embedded into the wall for a roof covered with concrete tiles. (1)

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3.8 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions by choosing a
word/term from the list below. Write only the word/term next to the question
numbers (3.8.1 to 3.8.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 3.8.6 Flight.

stair well; apron; pitch board; rise; handrail;

nosing; tread/going; margin

3.8.1 Overhang at the front end of the tread (1)

3.8.2 A timber board used to cover the floor joist of the landing (1)

3.8.3 Template used to set out a step of a staircase (1)

3.8.4 Open space between flights of stairs (1)

3.8.5 A member that forms part of the balustrade (1)

3.9 What is the maximum pitch for stairs used by the public? (1)

3.10 Describe how to fix a steel column to a concrete base. (5)

[30]

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Civil Technology: Construction 8 DBE/2019
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QUESTION 4: EXCAVATIONS, FORMWORK, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND

MATERIALS (SPECIFIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

4.1 State TWO properties of EACH of the following metals:

4.1.1 Steel (2)

4.1.2 Lead (2)

4.2 Explain TWO functions of a concrete cube test. (2)

4.3 Excavation of soil on a building site is necessary to establish a firm

foundation.

4.3.1 Explain THREE safety factors that should be considered before

excavation commences. (3)

4.3.2 Describe THREE factors that can cause an excavation to collapse. (3)

4.4 FIGURE 4.4 on ANSWER SHEET 4.4 shows a trench that has been
excavated. Use ANSWER SHEET 4.4 and draw a neat sectional drawing, in
good proportion, of the shuttering for a shallow trench.

Show the following on your drawing:

 Poling boards
 Walling boards/Wailing boards
 Folding wedge
 Struts
 Any ONE label (8)

4.5 Describe ONE use of folding wedges in formwork. (1)

4.6 FIGURE 4.6 on ANSWER SHEET 4.6 shows an incomplete drawing of the
formwork for a concrete beam with an attached floor on the right-hand side.
Use ANSWER SHEET 4.6 and complete the drawing.

Show the following on your drawing:

 Bearer/Joist for the soffit

 Cleats
 Braces for beams/struts
 Fixing plates/Kickers
 Wedges
 Any ONE label (11)

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4.7 FIGURE 4.7 below shows a plate compactor that is used on a building site.
Study FIGURE 4.7 and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 4.7

4.7.1 Describe TWO safety precautions that must be observed when

using the plate compactor in FIGURE 4.7. (2)

4.7.2 Explain in your own words how you will take care of the plate
compactor. (1)

4.8 FIGURE 4.8 below shows a construction machine that is used on a building
site.

FIGURE 4.8

4.8.1 Identify the construction machine. (1)

4.8.2 Describe TWO ways in which you will take care of this construction
machine. (2)

4.9 Name TWO methods that can be used to pump concrete to higher levels in
a building. (2)
[40]

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Civil Technology: Construction 10 DBE/2019
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QUESTION 5: PLASTER AND SCREED, BRICKWORK AND GRAPHICS AS

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (SPECIFIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

5.1 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches an item in COLUMN A.

Write only the letter (A–G) next to the question numbers (5.1.1 to 5.1.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 5.1.6 H.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
5.1.1

A plastering chased pipes

5.1.2

B floating of screed

5.1.3

C skim coat

5.1.4

D power floating

5.1.5

E wet the wall

F application of plaster

G drying of concrete

(5 x 1) (5)
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5.2 How many wheelbarrows of sand will you use to mix plaster for interior walls
when using ONE bag of cement? (1)

5.3 Recommend THREE areas that can be covered with paving. (3)

5.4 Give ONE reason for using paving instead of concrete. (1)

5.5 ANSWER SHEET 5.5 shows the outlines and a part of the cavity of
each alternative plan course of the dead end of a cavity wall. Use
ANSWER SHEET 5.5 and draw, in good proportion, the two alternative plan
courses of the dead end of a cavity wall. (7)

5.6 Use ANSWER SHEET 5.6 and draw, to scale 1 : 10, a detailed vertical
section through the foot of a roof truss showing the closed (concealed) eaves.

Show the following on your drawing:

 Wall: 220 mm wide

 Tie beam: 114 x 38 mm
 Wall plate: 114 x 38 mm
 Eaves overhang: 400 mm
 Rafter: 114 x 38 mm
 Fascia board: 228 x 28 mm
 Bearer: 38 x 38 mm
 Hanger: 38 x 38 mm
 6 mm fibre-cement board on closed eaves
 Two quarter-round mouldings below fibre-cement board
 Any ONE label (13)
[30]

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Civil Technology: Construction 12 DBE/2019
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QUESTION 6: REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE, FOUNDATIONS, CONCRETE

FLOORS AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC)

Start this question on a NEW page.

6.1 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (6.1.1 to 6.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 6.1.6 C.

6.1.1 Reinforcement is indicated on construction drawings with a code.

What does 20 indicate in the following code: 4 R 20 03 250?

A Number of bars in the group

B Bar number
C Diameter of the bar
D Centre-to-centre spacing (1)

6.1.2 Pile foundations consist of …

A precast piles.
B steel-tube piles.
C driven in-situ piles.
D All the above-mentioned (1)

6.1.3 What type of foundation will be used in unstable ground?

A Strip foundation
B Raft foundation
C Pile foundation
D Step foundation (1)

6.1.4 A concrete floor is classified as a reinforced floor when it consists

of …

A concrete and anchor bars.

B concrete and main bars.
C concrete and welded mesh.
D All the above-mentioned (1)

6.1.5 Precast concrete piles are driven into the ground by a … hammer.

A drop
B club
C claw
D sledge (1)

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6.2 Draw, by means of a neat freehand sketch, the shape of the bottom part of
a driven in-situ pile.

Show the following on your drawing:

 Steel casing
 Shape of the bottom part
 Any ONE label (4)

6.3 Explain the purpose of the steel capping on a precast concrete pile. (1)

6.4 FIGURE 6.4 on ANSWER SHEET 6.4 shows the outline of three sides of an
L-shaped concrete column. Use ANSWER SHEET 6.4 and draw a neat
sectional view of an L-shaped reinforced concrete column in good proportion.

Show the following on your drawing:

 L-shaped column
 8 main bars
 Stirrups/Binders
 Minimum concrete cover
 Any TWO labels (10)

6.5 FIGURE 6.5 below shows a part of a floor construction. Study FIGURE 6.5
and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 6.5

6.5.1 Name parts A, B and C. (3)

6.5.2 Explain the purpose of C. (1)

6.5.3 State THREE factors that must be considered when planning this
type of construction in FIGURE 6.5. (3)

6.5.4 Before the installation of this type of floor construction, provision

should be made for civil and electrical services to be installed.
Name THREE services that must be considered. (3)
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6.6 FIGURE 6.6 below shows the foundation of a single garage.

3 000
6 000

FIGURE 6.6

SPECIFICATIONS:

 Outside measurements of foundation of garage: 6 000 mm x 3 000 mm

 The foundation is 600 mm wide and 250 mm thick.

Use ANSWER SHEET 6.6 and calculate the volume of concrete needed for
the foundation. Round off your answers to TWO decimal places. (10)
[40]

TOTAL: 200

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 2

NO. QUESTION ANSWER MARKS

1 Identify the elevation shown in

1
FIGURE A.

2 Name the scale of FIGURE B. 1

3 Identify number 1. 1

4 Identify number 2. 1

5 Recommend a suitable finish for

1
number 3.

6 What is indicated by number 4? 1

7 Identify the drawing symbol

1
indicated by number 5.

8 Identify the drawing symbol

1
indicated by number 6.

9 What is indicated by number 7? 1

10 Give the date on which the

1
building plan was printed.

11 Who checked the building plan? 1

12 Name the electrical drawing

symbol in the column for the notes
1
in FIGURE 2 that must be placed
at a staircase.

13 Name the electrical feature in the

column for the notes in FIGURE 2
1
that must be placed at the
entrance door of the house.

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14 Identify the type of roof that is

used on the building in 1
FIGURE A.

15 Explain the purpose of number 1. 1

16 Who is the owner of this house? 1

17 In which street is the proposed

1
dwelling situated?

18 Identify number 8. 1

19 What is the sanitary fitting

1
indicated by number 9 used for?

20 Recommend an alternative
sanitary fitting to replace
1
number 10 that will serve a similar
purpose.

21 Explain the purpose of number 11

1
as indicated on the staircase.

22 What is indicated by number 13? 1

23 What is indicated by number 15? 1

24 Deduce the height of window 1

1
from the window schedule.

25 Deduce the width of window 2

1
from the window schedule.

26 Name the elevations of the

building on which the staircase is 2
situated.

27 Differentiate between the

electrical symbols indicated by 2
numbers 12 and 14.

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28 Recommend a suitable floor

1
covering for the lounge.

29 Calculate the area of the lounge

3
in m². Show ALL calculations.

30 Calculate the perimeter of the

building. Show ALL calculations.

TOTAL: 40

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 3.6

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
Span 1
Walls 2
Wall plate 1
Rafter 1
Any TWO labels 2
Proportion 1
TOTAL: 8

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 4.4

FIGURE 4.4

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
Folding wedges 1
Walling boards/Wailing boards 1
Poling boards 2
Struts 1
Shuttering correctly drawn 1
Any ONE label 1
Proportion 1
TOTAL: 8

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 4.6

Shuttering board

FIGURE 4.6

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
Bearer/Joist for the soffit 1
Cleats 2
Braces for beams/struts 2
Fixing plates/Kickers 2
Wedges 2
Any ONE label 1
Proportion 1
TOTAL: 11

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 5.5

FIRST COURSE

SECOND COURSE

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
One full brick on outer skin of first course 1
One full brick on inner skin of first course 1
Brick on first course to close cavity 1
One full brick on outer skin on second course 1
One full brick on inner skin on second course 1
Brick on second course to close cavity 1
Proportion 1
TOTAL: 7

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 5.6

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
Wall: 220 mm wide 1
Tie beam: 114 x 38 mm 1
Wall plate: 114 x 38 mm 1
Eaves overhang: 400 mm 1
Rafter: 114 x 38 mm 1
Facia board: 228 x 28 mm 1
Bearer: 38 x 38 mm 1
Hanger: 38 x 38 mm 1
6 mm fibre-cement board on closed eaves 1
Two quarter-round mouldings below fibre-cement 1
board
Any ONE label 1
Application of scale 2
TOTAL: 13
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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 6.4

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK CANDIDATE'S

MARK
L-shaped column 2
8 main bars 2
Stirrups/Binders 2
Minimum concrete cover 1
Any TWO labels 2
Proportion 1
TOTAL: 10

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CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET 6.6

A B C D
Concrete for foundations
Centre line
2/ ___________ = mm
2/ = mm
Total = mm
Minus 4/ = mm
Total centre line = m
1/ _______
_______
_______ __________

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