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News Today (Apr 18, 2025) - Desalination

IIT Bombay scientists have developed a new hydrophobic graphene-based material for solar evaporators aimed at desalinating salt water, potentially addressing the global freshwater crisis. The document discusses the limited availability of fresh water and outlines various desalination technologies, including thermal and membrane methods, along with their merits and demerits. It highlights the significance of this innovation in improving water accessibility and sustainability.

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15 views1 page

News Today (Apr 18, 2025) - Desalination

IIT Bombay scientists have developed a new hydrophobic graphene-based material for solar evaporators aimed at desalinating salt water, potentially addressing the global freshwater crisis. The document discusses the limited availability of fresh water and outlines various desalination technologies, including thermal and membrane methods, along with their merits and demerits. It highlights the significance of this innovation in improving water accessibility and sustainability.

Uploaded by

aaryanshram5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IIT Bombay Scientists develop Lotus leaf-like Solar Evaporators for Salt-water Treatment

Developed a new hydrophobic Graphene-based material that can facilitate water


desalination, this could be a significant breakthrough to address the fresh water crisis in the
world.
Fresh water crisis
● While 71% of its surface is covered by water, the world population depends on only the 3%
available fresh water.
o Out of which only 0.06% can be easily accessed as the rest comprises the frozen polar ice
cap or glaciers, groundwater, and swam.
Desalination Technologies and Processes
Desalination Thermal Technology Membrane Technology
Technologie
s

Concept ● Heating of saline water and ● Feedwater is pumped through semi-


collecting the condensed vapor permeable membranes to filter out
(distillate) to produce pure water. the dissolved solids.
● Usage: Mainly for seawater ● Usage: Mainly for brackish water
desalination. desalination.

Sub- Three groups: Two groups:


categories ● Multi-Stage Flash Distillation ● Electrodialysis / Electrodialysis Reversal
(Processes) ● Multi-Effect Distillation (ED/EDR)
● Vapor Compression Distillation ● Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Merit ● Ability to reduce the maximum ● Environmental Friendly: E.g., ED


salinity concentration. eliminates the need for chemicals.
● Demands less input electrical ● Smaller footprint: Typically require
energy compared to membrane less space than conventional
techniques. technologies.

Demerits ● Using conventional energy ● Susceptible to Fouling.


sources like coal etc. ● Require Regular Maintenance
● High costs involved: So, rarely ● Face challenges in Membrane Waste
been used for brackish water Disposal.
desalination. ● May not fully remove Total
● Subject to corrosion: E.g., MSF dissolved solids (TDS) or
plants. pathogens.

Example Low Temperature Thermal Nemmeli Seawater Desalination Plant,


Desalination (LTTD) plants were Tamil Nadu, on Reverse Osmosis. (Largest
established in the Kavaratti, Minicoy desalination plant in the South Asia)
and Agatti Islands in the UT of
Lakshadweep.
Social Media heading: Technologies for Salt-Water Treatment
Primary Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-bombay-scientists-develop-
lotus-leaf-like-solar-evaporators-for-salt-water-treatment/article69457561.ece
References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023058930
https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/r363/c1.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/desalination-membrane#:~:text=The
%20membrane%20system%20is%20a,water%20vapor%20on%20both%20sides.
https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/industry/
nuclear-desalination
https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/node/111167#:~:text=Considering%20the
%20importance%20of%20fresh,for%20installation%20in%20the%20island
https://cmwssb.tn.gov.in/sites/default/files/projects/150MLD-SWRO-
Desalinationplant_0.pdf

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