Smart IoT-Based Automated Pet Food Feeder

Akshaya Velumuri Yama Lalitha Sai Madhuri Rohan Dhingra

Dept. of CSE Dept. of CSE Dept. of CSE
BML Munjal University BML Munjal University BML Munjal University
Gurugram, India Gurugram, India Gurugram, India
[email protected] lalithasai.madhuriyama.22cse@bm [email protected]
u.edu.in

Abstract
The demonstrated system approach enables efficient an
The article proposes a simulation approach for an Internet d low-budget development and evaluation of air quality sys
of Things (IoT) system which monitors air quality tems that benefits educational institutions and initial testing
instantaneously. The Wokwi simulator allows the system phases. The system proves that simulation tools should be
to duplicate an embedded environment that uses virtual used as a flexible solution in IoT-based environmental mon
sensors to detect PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants. The sensor itoring applications.
data undergoes processing on a microcontroller that runs
II. EASE OF USE
the Arduino program to generate results for analytical
purposes. The simulation platform validates system A. Selecting a Template
behavior because it operates without requiring physical Your Air Quality Monitoring System operation deman
elements which makes it an efficient prototyping method. ds correct device setup to perform PM2.5 PM10 CO2-level
The proposed project shows the potential speed-up effect and humidity simulation. You should optimize this system
of simulations on developing IoT environmental for simulation-based monitoring but need to make required
monitoring systems particularly suitable for academic and setup and platform adjustments for running it on your speci
resource-restricted applications. fic device.

Keywords—IoT, Air Quality Monitoring, Simulation,

Wokwi, Arduino, PM2.5, PM10, Embedded Systems, B. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications
Environmental Sensing, Virtual Prototyping A particular design in the system template exists to gua
rantee that data collection and presentation stays precise. T
I. INTRODUCTION he simulation keeps all data formats and sensor configurati
ons together with display settings in predefined formats to
Polluted air stands today as a leading urgent environme maintain consistent output. Adjustments to these settings s
ntal problem in contemporary times. An increasing deman hould be avoided because changes may introduce inaccura
d exists for efficient air quality monitoring solutions since cy to the readings and disrupt simulation operations. The d
pollution levels keep rising for particulate matter (PM2.5 a efault air quality thresholds exist to guarantee reliable stan
nd PM10), carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The acc dardized outputs because several programmed parameters
uracy of traditional monitoring stations comes at a high pri are intentionally predefined. These predefined thresholds a
ce alongside their large physical dimensions and low distri nd system configurations allow the system to follow indust
bution which hinders on-site and immediate observation ca ry standards for clear air quality analysis. Amending the sp
pabilities. ecified parameters leads to wrong readings together with fa
Cost-effective air quality monitoring systems utilizing I ulty warning indications.
nternet of Things (IoT) technology emerged because of its
capabilities to create scalable and adaptable frameworks. E
nvironmental data is collected through sensors and microc III. PROPOSED WORK
ontrollers which transmit the information with connectivity
solutions for analysis. The development of such systems de System Design
mands multiple rounds of testing but these procedures mee A. Materials used:
t resistance due to equipment expenses and system configu
ration barriers.
An IoT Air Quality Monitoring System based on simul I. ESP32:
ation through Wokwi serves as the solution to overcome ex  Wi-Fi & Bluetooth: Enables real-time data transm
isting project difficulties. Users can copy microcontroller-b ission for monitoring air quality remotely.
ased systems and test embedded code in this simulation en
vironment before physical hardware exists. The project est  Multiple I/O Pins: Connects with virtual sensors
ablishes virtual sensor systems which create pollution data (CO2, PM2.5, humidity) in the Wokwi simulator.
and connects to Arduino programming to handle changes i
n adjacent air quality measures.

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  Low Power Consumption: Ideal for continuous si  Shows alerts like "Air Quality Poor" or "Safe Env
mulation and monitoring without excessive power ironment" based on threshold levels.
usage.

VI. DHT22
 Measures Temperature and Humidity
II. Red LED
 Digital Output Sensor
 Indicates Poor Air Quality
 Accurate and Stable Readings
 Visual Alert
 Low Power Consumption

VII. Potentiometer
 Simulates Variable Pollution Levels
 User-Controlled Input
III. Green LED
 Adjusts Sensor Thresholds or Values
 Indicates Poor Air Quality
 Visual Alert
 Low Power Consumption

VIII. Relay module

 Controls External Devices
 Activates Based on Air Quality
 Simulates Real-World Actions (e.g., Fan, Purifie
r)
IV. Resistor
 Current Limiting
 Protects Components
 Ensures Safe Operation

IX. Dust sensor

 Detects Particulate Matter (PM2.5/PM10)
 Provides Real-Time Air Quality Data
V. LCD (16x2)
 Essential for Pollution Monitoring.
 Displays real-time air quality data such as PM2.5,
CO2 levels, humidity, and temperature.

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 IV. METHODOLOGY
The Air Quality Monitoring System implements the ES
P32 microcontroller that operates with C/C++ language thr
ough Arduino IDE. The system integrates various sensors:
 DHT22 for temperature and humidity,

Circuit Diagram  MQ-7 for CO2 levels, and

 Sensor technology for measuring both small and l
arge air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10).
The sensors function as a continuous data collector in t
heir operational environment. The obtained data gets evalu
ated against established threshold criteria. The system uses
LCD displays measured data during safe air quality conditi
ons while simultaneously turning on the green LED. A poo
r air quality triggers the system to activate the red LED whi
ch then instructs the relay module to operate as if it control
led an air purifier or fan. The system provides real-time air
quality checks that function without interruption throughou
t its cycle.

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

B. Software Design RESULTS
1. Flowchart Representation The Air Quality Monitoring System successfully monit
When the Air Quality Monitoring System starts it initia ors real-time environmental parameters such as temperatur
lizes both the ESP32 microcontroller and its connected sen e, humidity, CO2 levels, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and
sors DHT22 for temperature and humidity along with MQ- PM10) using integrated sensors like DHT22, MQ-7, and a
7 for CO2 measurement and dust sensor for PM2.5/PM10 dust sensor.
detection. The system runs in an ongoing cycle where it ret Sketch.ino:
rieves sensor information while checking against establishe
d threshold reference points. The system shows a "Good" s
tatus on the LCD screen while turning its green LED on w
hen the air quality levels are normal. The system shows wa
rnings on its LCD display and turns on both a green LED a
nd activates the relay module to control external devices w
hich simulate air purifiers when monitoring reveals poor ai
r quality conditions. The system performs continuous loopi
ng operations during real-time monitoring to generate resp
onses.

2. Interfacing and ESP32 Programming

The ESP32 microcontroller is programmed using
the Arduino IDE in C/C++ to interface with sensors like D
HT22, MQ-7, and dust sensors. It reads environmental data
(temperature, humidity, CO2, and particulate matter), com
pares it to predefined thresholds, and activates outputs like
LEDs and a relay module (e.g., fan or air purifier). The ES
P32’s Wi-Fi and Bluetooth features enable real-time data tr
ansmission and remote monitoring for efficient air quality
management.

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 Dust Sensor:

Diagram.json:

Output:

Library:

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 Alert message:

Temperature <50

Link to access
https://wokwi.com/projects/429749176593731585

Dispensing Accuracy
The Air Quality Monitoring System relies on accurate
sensor measurements from DHT22, MQ-7, and dust sensor
units along with proper output trigger operations of LEDs
and relay. Reliable performance of the system requires
accurate sensor calibration along with correct threshold
configuration and fast system responses. The system
operates properly by activating the green LED for safe air
quality and simultaneously turning on the red LED with
the relay for poor air quality conditions which shows
accurate real-time monitoring.

Trai Target Measured Error Comments

l weight value (%)
1 50 µg/m³ 52 µg/m³ +4% Slight overesti
(PM2.5) mation observe
d
Temperature >50
2 100 ppm 98 ppm -2% Acceptable pre
(CO2) cision.
3 75 µg/m³ 77 µg/m³ +2.7 Within accepta
(PM2.5) % ble margin.
4 150 ppm 148 ppm -1.3% High accuracy
(CO2) observed.
5 200 µg/ 203 µg/m³ +1.5 Consistent perf
m³ (PM % ormance.
2.5)

B. Discussion
The Air Quality Monitoring System demonstrates
accurate air quality measurement capabilities through trials
which produce small deviations from the actual values.
The system maintains stable performance as most
measurement errors between +4% and -2% remain within
an acceptable limit. System measurement accuracy

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remains effective regardless of slight over or under
estimation because these deviations stem from sensor 1. Taivalsaari, T., & Mikkonen, T. (2018):
calibration along with environmental influences. Real-time • Focuses on IoT system development,
environmental surveillance is possible through the system scalability, and integration with fog and mobile
because it precisely detects air quality indicators such as
edge computing for enhanced functionality in
PM2.5 and CO2 levels.
environmental monitoring systems.

2. Babu, B., Ravi, P., Pavan Kumar, & Kuppusamy,

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE P. G. (2019):
• Uses Arduino Mega for environmental
The Air Quality Monitoring System utilizing an monitoring and automation with sensors and
ESP32 microcontroller successfully measures actuators, similar to air quality management
environmental parameters including temperature, systems.
humidity as well as CO2 measurements and PM2.5/PM10
particulates with sensors like DHT22, MQ-7 and a dust 3. Own, C., Shin, H., & Teng, C. (2013):
sensor. Real-time environmental information is displayed • Explores IoT applications in environmental
with warning signals using LEDs to notify users about systems, including air quality monitoring and
poor air quality conditions and also controls external cloud integration.
devices such as fans and air purifiers according to system
requirements. The testing indicates dependable 4. Khatavkar, H. N., Kini, R. S., Pandey, S. K., &
functionality together with small measurement errors that Gijare, V. V. (2019):
fit within acceptable operational boundaries. The system • IoT-based environmental monitoring system
demonstrates effective operation alongside scalability with real-time control, utilizing sensors for
along with continuous monitoring abilities which enables temperature, humidity, and particulate matter
its use as a practical system for real-time air quality levels.
management.
5. Jashsohni, R., Jigarmasekar, P., & Sharma, S.
Future Scope: (2018):
• Reviews IoT in environmental management,
 The system functions properly yet it maintains including real-time air quality monitoring and
potential areas to enhance its capabilities and automated responses.
wider application reach:
6. Tiwari, M. S. (2018):
 The system's pollution detection capabilities • Arduino-based environmental monitoring
become more comprehensive through the system using basic sensors for air quality
integration of VOC (Volatile Organic detection.
Compounds) sensors or NO2 sensors together
with existing sensor setup. 7. Ma, X., & Guo, N. (2020):
• Design of air quality monitoring systems using
 The system's performance enhances through ARM controllers and remote control integration.
cloud integration technologies which allows 8. Naik, N. (2017):
remote monitoring of extended air quality data to • Compares IoT communication protocols
provide users with better insights for proactive (MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, HTTP) for air quality
actions. data transmission in real-time systems.

 Users can utilize a purpose-built mobile 9. Subaashri, S., & et al. (2017):
application to obtain instant notifications • IoT-based environmental monitoring system
together with past quality readings as well as with real-time air quality data collection and
unleash distant control of connected devices control.
through such an application.
10. Sabari, A. K., & et al. (2017):
 Through AI-based machine learning technologies • Smart air quality monitoring system using IoT
the system would acquire the ability to forecast with real-time control and automation.
air quality patterns by analyzing historical data
alongside environmental elements which enables
optimized response management. 11. Kim, S. (2016):
• Smart environmental monitoring system using
 The system's sustainability will increase through IoT for air quality assessment and cloud
additional power consumption optimizations integration.
which focus especially on extended deployments.

REFERENCES

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12. Sangvanloy, T., & Sookhanaphibarn, K. (2020): 14. Wankhede, D. K., & Pednekar, S. (2017):
• IoT-based air quality monitoring and control • IoT for environmental monitoring and tracking,
system with mobile app integration and energy enabling real-time air quality data management.
efficiency.
15. Wu, W., Cheng, K., & Lin, P. (2018):
13. Vineeth, S., Renukumar, B. R., Sneha, V. C., • Remote air quality monitoring system control
Ganjihal, P., & Rani, B. (2020): via MQTT protocol for efficient IoT
• Digital image processing for air quality communication.
monitoring and particulate matter detection.

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