2025년 3월

모의고사 분석자료

고3
기가스터디
생각의 양이 차이를 만듭니다.
 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

18번 글의 목적. 작품 제출 마감일 변경을 알리려고 분석자료

Dear School Of cials,

,
participate in
1. in
2. (X)
Thank you for deciding to participate in the upcoming 2025 Student Art Exhibition.
2025 Student Art Exhibition .

Our organization’s event has been a platform for showcasing the artistic talents of young students for a

decade.
10 .

+ that

After reviewing the applications [we’ve received,] we can’t wait to exhibit your students’ work.
can’t wait to V - ‘ ~ ’
, .

however

However, please note that there has been a change to the submission deadline for your students’ work.
.
note that S + V - S V .

The deadline is April 15th instead of March 28th.

3 28 4 15 .

Please send the work to the address of which we have already noti ed you.
we have already noti ed you of the address
.
the address we have already noti ed you of
the address ‘which’ we have already noti ed you
the address of which we have already noti ed you

Thank you.
.

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

19번 심경 변화. confident → frustrated 분석자료

Sam had always dreamed of becoming a musical actor, and today was his big chance — a life-changing

audition.
Sam , .

ready perfectly
He had practiced endlessly and was perfectly ready.
.

He couldn’t even think of not getting the role.

.

When his name was called, Sam stepped onto the stage, with his head held high and his shoulders held

back.
, Sam .

x A on B - A B .
The judges’ eyes were xed on him as he appeared on the stage.
appear (X)
.

ready completely
But then, without warning, his mind went completely blank.
one’s mind goes blank - ,
, , .

that
The opening line [he had rehearsed so many times] didn’t come to him.
come to + - ,( , )
.
line - ( )

He opened his mouth, but no sound came out.

, .

Frustration started to set in.

. set in - ~ , , .

that
In the end, Sam couldn’t believe that he couldn’t say a single line.
Sam .

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

20번 필자의 주장. 나와 다른 의견에 설득력이 있으려면 간접적인 태도를 보여야 한다. 분석자료

people -
People have an anti-persuasion radar or defense system that goes off when someone is trying to persuade
go o - ~ ( , ) , ,
them.
( ) .

The more something or someone disagrees with them, the less likely they are to listen.
, .
The + ( )+ , the + ( )+ (the less likely they are ( ) to listen

Consequently, one reason change is so hard is that people are unwilling to even consider information that
Vs. hardly (X)
goes against their beliefs.
, .

deal with ~ ( - with

As a result, when dealing with opposing viewpoints, being a bit more indirect can often be more effective.
, , .

Rather than starting with information, start by encouraging people to be more open-minded and receptive.
, . Rather than ~ , S + V

This is why + / This is because + ( )

This is why expressing doubt can help.
.

(showing) Showing (makes)

Showing that we’re con icted or uncertain makes us seem less threatening. .
us
.
make + + (seem)
.

Expressing doubt about one’s own view acknowledges that con icting beliefs are valid, making the other
Expressing acknowledges
side feel validated and more willing to listen.
, ,
. validated

- that (X)
It recognizes that issues are complicated or nuanced, which increases receptiveness.
, .

.
Uncertainty signals an openness to other perspectives.
. .
.

So particularly when issues are controversial or people are dug in, expressing a little doubt can actually be
dug something in - ,
more persuasive.
, .

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

20번 필자의 주장. 나와 다른 의견에 설득력이 있으려면 간접적인 태도를 보여야 한다. 내용분석

Persuasion Resistance and Effective Persuasion Strategies

?
Why Pushing Harder Doesn’t Work: The Power of Doubt in Persuasion

1. ( ) – , .
2. – .
3. – .
4. – , .
5. – , .

VOCA
anti-persuasion radar – ( )
open-minded –
receptive –
expressing doubt –
validate –
nuanced –
uncertainty –
controversial –

." !" ," , !"

? ?" …" .
" ? ?" . ,
!

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사
21번. 함축의미. Science detached itself from philosophical foundations and
shifted to deriving outcomes based on physical principles. 분석자료

the unity was

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous

tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk

to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied
to / call
science. ~, the trunk (corresponded) to physics, and ~ fruit (corresponded) to what ~

, (

) ,( ) ( ) , .

regard A as B - A B
He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we [today] regard science alone; he felt that

the metaphysical principles were ultimately justi ed by their “fruits,” not merely by their self-evidence.
, ‘

’ .

consisted / call
What we today call applied science consisted [for him] not only in mechanics but also in medicine and
consist in + N - N ( )
ethics.
.

The dif culty was that [from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science-philosophy] no results

could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles seemed

to be intelligible and plausible. which no results, were

So the tree was cut in the middle.

.

For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk.
‘~ start from the trunk’
( ) .
trunk

Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to

the roots.
( ) .
‘how ~ roots’ ( , ) * Cartesian: ** plausible:

how the practical results would emerge from

the physical principles, without considering the
metaphysical foundations.”
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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사
21번. 함축의미. Science detached itself from philosophical foundations and
shifted to deriving outcomes based on physical principles. 내용분석

The Integration and Separation of Science and Philosophy

: ?
Descartes' Tree: Why Science and Philosophy Split

metaphysics( ) ,

1. – ( ), ( ), ( ) .
2. – ( ) .
3. – .
4. – .
5. – ( ) ( ) .
6. – .

VOCA
metaphysics –
plausible –
derivation –
justi ed –
Cartesian science –

. ( ), ( ), ( )
. ." … ?" "
, ! !" .
. " ? ~" !

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

22번 글의 요지. 좋은 논픽션을 쓸 때 기술적 접근과 구조적 설계가 필요하다. 분석자료

many(X) -
Good narrative writing is often as much technique as it is talent, sometimes more.
, .

writers , turing (X)

The best narrative non ction writers often turn to time-honored tools of ction writers for effect: plot and
time-honored - traditional, or well-established
pacing, character and drama, and, yes, suspense.
, ,

And they understand that a good story just can’t spread out in all directions like a serving of spaghetti.
a serving of - ,1
.

The story needs form, shape, a structure designed to pull the reader from start to nish.
be designed to V
, , .

the craftsmanship, , those(X)

“The craftsmanship of the writer is no less beautiful than that of the cabinet maker or the builder of temples

or ne violins,” writes Jon Franklin.

Jon Franklin ‘ .’ .

= a pure functional approach

*
Yes, this may sound grandiose, but the emphasis on craftsmanship is pure pragmatism: a knowledge of the

basic structures that narrative science writers use to build an effective story.
, ,

I think of this approach as journalistic architecture.

.
which
structure

Once a writer has the story blueprints in hand, so to speak, then he or she can decide which structure best
= the facts of the story that (X)
ts the facts of the story — and where to slot them into place.
, , ,

* grandiose: ** pragmatism:

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

22번 글의 요지. 좋은 논픽션을 쓸 때 기술적 접근과 구조적 설계가 필요하다. 내용분석

The Craft and Structure of Narrative Writing

:
Journalistic Architecture: Narrative Writing as a Craft

1. – , .
2. – , , , .
3. – , .
4. – .
5. – .
7. – , .

VOCA
craftsmanship – ,
pragmatism –
grandiose –
blueprint – ,
slot into place –

, ?!
. . , ,
. , .

? = , = , = !

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2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

23번 주제. necessity of language in framing and interpreting reality 분석자료

If you want to bring something into shared reality for the purpose of social coordination, you have to
describe it, or at the very least label it.
, .

Even the ideally objective pursuit of science is unable to escape the framing effects of language.
.

Like all collective culture, science is constructed on report, reason, debate, negotiation, justi cation,
= most important of all
consensus, and, most important, coordination.
, , , , , , , .

And all of these things depend on language.

.

something something depends

Even something as fundamental as particle physics depends on language in a particular way.
depend (X)
.

( X)
I don’t mean that particle physics wouldn’t exist if we didn’t describe it.
.
be dependent on
be independent of,
Particle physics is part of brute reality and so it will carry on [independent of any human agreement or
of / is carry on = continue .
understanding of what it is.] independent~ it will it ( ) .
.

that (X)
But consider this remark by Michael I. Jordan, referring to the “in nite potential well” model, which studies
how a single particle behaves in a small, enclosed space:
Michael I. Jordan ‘ ’ ,
. calling (X)
call + +
be [called + (the Lagrangian function)]
“A particle in a potential well is optimizing a function [called the Lagrangian function.]
“ .

running algorithm ( X)
The particle doesn’t know that. There’s no algorithm running that does that. It just happens.
. . .
that
what (x)
that(X)
It’s a description mathematically of something that helps us understand [as analysts] what’s happening.”
understand / is
.”
help + + (to) (understand)

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

23번 주제. necessity of language in framing and interpreting reality 내용분석

The Relationship Between Language and Science

The Role of Language in Understanding Science

1. – .
2. – .
3. – , , , , , .
4. – ,
.
5. – ' ' .

VOCA
social coordination –
framing effects –
brute reality –
Lagrangian function –
potential well –

? ? , ‘ ’
, ." ? ? ?" .
. . , ,
...

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2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

24번 제목. The Uniqueness of Human’s Visible Sclera 분석자료

be known to V ~
In fact, humans are known to have the largest and most visible sclera — the “whites” of the eyes — of any

species.

, ‘ ’ .

seem to V
This fact intrigues scientists, because it would seem actually to be a considerable obstacle: imagine, for
~ scene +
example, the classic war movie scene where the soldier dresses in camou age and paints his face with

green and brown color — but can do nothing about his noticeably white sclera, beaming bright against the
= ~, which beams
jungle.

, . ,

, .

despite ( )+
(even) though, or although (O) it has obvious costs.
There must be some reason humans developed it, despite its obvious costs.

, ‘ ’ .

hypothesis; goes
In fact, the advantage of visible sclera — so goes the “cooperative eye hypothesis” — is precisely that it
enable + + to V
enables humans to see clearly, and from a distance, which direction other humans are looking.

,‘ ’ , , ,

. ,which
which direction
which ~ looking see

Michael Tomasello showed in a 2007 study that chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos — our nearest cousins

— follow the direction of each other’s heads, whereas human infants follow the direction of each other’s

eyes.

Michael Tomasello 2007 , , ‘ ’ ,

‘ ’ .

uniquely human
So the value of looking someone in the eye may in fact be something uniquely human.
something unique to humans (O)
.

* sclera: ( ) ( ) ** camou age:

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

24번 제목. The Uniqueness of Human’s Visible Sclera 내용분석

The Human Eye and Cooperative Instinct

?
Why Do Humans Have the Most Visible Sclera?

1. – .
2. – . ,
.
3. – , .
4. Tomasello – , , .
5. – .

VOCA
sclera –
camou age –
cooperative eye hypothesis –

, ? ,
. ,
. , , “
?” . ,
. ‘ ’ ?

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

26번 불일치 분석자료

Hans Hofmann was one of the most in uential art teachers of the 20th century.

Hans Hofmann 20 .

Born on March 21, 1880 in Germany, he moved to Munich with his family.

1880 3 21 , .

~
When he was a teenager, Hofmann produced scienti c inventions, including a radar device.

Hofmann , .

use
+
In 1904, he moved to Paris, where he was deeply affected by the expressive use of color that distinguished

the paintings of Henri Matisse and Robert Delaunay.

1904 , Henri Matisse Robert Delaunay

He opened his rst school, the Schule für Bildende Kunst (School of Fine Art), in Munich in 1915.

1915 the Schule für Bildende Kunst(School of Fine Art) .

In 1930 Hofmann moved to the United States, where he taught at the Art Students League in New York City
taught
and later opened his own Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts.

1930 Hofmann , Art Students League , Hans Hofmann School of Fine

Arts . + / taught .
taught .(
) , which (X)

By 1939, he was able to break away from the Expressionistic landscapes and still lifes [he had painted in the

early 1930s.]

1939 1930 .

was
At the age of 85, he was still very active in his studio, and completed approximately 45 paintings.

85 , 45 .

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

29번 어법 분석자료

= Our vocabulary is insu cient for ~

We lack a suf cient vocabulary for making sense of the sources of error.

The more scienti c knowledge we accumulate, the better we understand that the ignorance over
+ + the ignorance is
which the knowledge enterprise is built is shockingly deep.

, .

attempt to V (delimit)
For instance, it turned out that psychoanalysis’s attempt to delimit the sources of error by categorizing the
delimit - ~
kinds of mistakes to which humans are subject in light of the therapeutic situation in the talking cure
which humans are subject to
draws (draw) on misguided assumptions about the normalcy conditions for subjects.
attempt draws
,

showed = manifestation
Digging deeper into the structure of the human mind as well as into the speci c embodiment of human
be equipped with - ~ digging showed
knowers [equipped with a complex nervous system] showed that our mental life is lled with illusions

on all levels of knowledge acquisition, from sensation to perception, from scienti c discourse to the use of

technology [based on the latest scienti c discovery.]

( ) ( ) , ,

make sense of A of B
Yet, once again, we cannot make sense of this picture of ourselves as immersed in the area of ignorance
without ~ing
and illusion without at the same time relying on a huge background of shared, objective knowledge that
= comprehensible, understandable
makes our ignorance available to us.

Subjectivity and objectivity are interwoven with our fallibility.

* embodiment: ( ) ** be immersed in: ~ *** fallibility: ,

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

29번 어법 내용분석

Understanding Error and Ignorance

?
How Well Can We Understand Our Own Ignorance?

1. – .
2. – , .
3. – , .
4. – , .
5. – .
6. – .

VOCA
enterprise - .
delimit - ,
draw on - ~ ,
fallibility – ,
be immersed in – ~
embodiment – ,

" , !" .
, … .
, . ,
, . ," "
" " .

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2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

30번 어휘 분석자료

one reason why(=that)

Surely one reason that copies have lost their sense of human connection, abundance, and intimate relation
is that modern technology has made copying so easy. make + + (easy)

, , .
that
The methods have
The methods of copying [available to us] have never been more powerfully abundant.
( ) .

= accompanied
This seems true even as a sense of loss has attended our ever more powerful means to reproduce what
we care about. reproduce / about

, .

= described = the aura

Walter Benjamin has famously formulated this loss as an “aura”: that which is lost in mechanical
reproduction.
Walter Benjamin ‘ ’ . .

The aura of a work of art, he suggests, cannot be copied by mechanical technology.

.

By around 1900, he writes, “technical reproduction had reached a standard that not only permitted it to
reproduce all transmitted works of art and thus to cause the most profound change in their impact upon the
public.” permit + + to V (reproduce ~ to cause)

1900 ‘ ,
.’ .

substitute A for B - A B
The ability to copy mechanically “substituted a plurality of copies for a unique existence,” Benjamin
argued.
Benjamin ‘ ’ .

in addition to + / . , transform (X)

In addition to transforming art and the public’s relation to it, Benjamin asserted that mechanical
reproduction has the power to rend traditions by interfering with the authority of objects “embedded in the
= undermine ‘~ ’ with the authority
fabric of tradition.”
Benjamin , ‘ ’
.
twofold - ‘ ( ) ’
‘1. ,’ ‘2. ’
This threat (devotion) to tradition was twofold and concerned the presence of objects, Benjamin believed.
Benjamin (→ ) .
* rend: , ** embed:

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 2025년 고3 3월 모의고사

30번 어휘 내용분석

Reproduction and the Aura of Art

, ?
Reproduced Art through Technology: Where's the Aura?

1. – .
2. – , .
3. – Walter Benjamin ‘ ’ .
4. – .
5. – , .
6. – .

VOCA
attend - ~ ,
formulate - ( )
rend – ,
embed –
fabric -
twofold - ( )
concern - .~
devotion – ,

, ? ‘ ’ ?
, .
. .
. , , !

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