wwwwwwu.....

CHAPTER

PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

REVISION OF KEV CONCEPTS AND FORMULAE

1. A pair of linear equations in two variables x and y can be represented algebraically as follows:
/ a1x+b1y+c1 =0
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0,
where a1, a2, b1 , b21 c1, c2 are real numbers such that a/+ b/ -:;: 0, a/+ b/ * 0.
2. Graphically or geometrically a pair of linear equations
( a1x+b1y+c1 =0
~x + b2Y + c2 =0
in two variables represents a pair of straight lines which are ~

a b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(i) intersecting, if .-1.. -:;: .-1.. (ii) parallel, if - = - * - (iii) coincident, if -· = - = -
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
3. /o solve a pair of linear equations in two variables by Graphical method, we first draw the lines
{ represented by them.
(i) If the pair of lines intersect at a point, then we say that the pair is consistent and the
coordinates of the point provide us the unique solution.
(ii) If the pair of lines are parallel, then the pair has no solution and is called inconsistent pair
of equations.
(iii) If the pair of lines are coincident, then it has infinitely many solutions - each point on the
line being a solution. In this case, we say that the pair of linear equations is consistent
with infinitely many solutions.
. . bles x and
. two vana

r If a1 x . of 1·1near equations
. a pair
+ b1Y + C1 = 0 is m y such that
a2x + b2Y + C2 = O

(i) 'li -:;: ~, then the pair of linear equations is consistent with a unique solution.
a2 b2
•• ) a1 b1 C1 then the pair
(11 - = - -:;: - ,
• of 1·mear equat·ions is • .
• inconsistent.
a2 b2 C2

.•.) -a1 =b1- = -

(lll C1 .
. f linear equations
, then the pair o is consistent with infinitely many
~ b2 C2

solutions.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
/ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
E~~ ~ If a pair of equations is consistent, then the lines representing them are
(a) parallel (b) always coincident
(c) intersecting or coincident (d) always intersecting
Ans. (c)
3.1
 ' t ; : • vr ?5 ( f'.""", fiffiM •• ;:, j ;c;:: t I itt , . . - -~ t""
\
I .·
• • j ,;::

3.2 ·1
MATHEMAT
Ic:s_X
SOLU TIO If . of equa .
N a pair tions a 1x + b1y + c1 = O an d a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 is cons isten t the .
n e1th .
has uniq ue solut ion on inifin itely many solut ions. 1 r ·
Cons eque nt y, mes repre senti ng the er1t tw
equa tions eithe r intes ect or coinc ide. 0
E ~ 2 A pair of equations ax + 2y = 9
and 3x + by = 18 represent parallel lines, where a, b llre
integers, if
(a) a= b (b) 3a = 2b (c) 2a = 3b (d) ab= 6
Ans. (d)
[CBSE 2023]
SOLU TION Give n that ax + 2y = 9 and 3x + by
= 18 repre sent paral lel lines .

:.
a 2
- =- ⇒ ab =6
3 b
E X ~ I f the pair of equations 3x - y + 8 = 0 and 6x - ry + 16 = 0 represent coincident lines, then
the value of r is
1 1
(a) - -
2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) -2
Ans. (c)
[CBSE 2023]
SOLU TION Equa tions 3x - y + 8 = O and 6x - ry + 16 = O repre sent coinc ident lines .
3 -1 8 1 1
-=-=- ⇒ -=- ⇒ r=2
6 -r 16 2 r
E X ~ 4 The pair of equations x = a and y
= b graphically represents lines which are:
(a) parallel (b) intersecting at (b, a) (c) coincident
(d) inters ectin g at (a, b)
Ans. (d)
[CBSE 2023]
SOLU TION Equa tions x = a and y = b repre sent lines paral lel to y-axi s and x-axi s respe
ctively
inter secti ng at (a, b).

EXAM PLE 5 The area of the triangle formed

by the line =+ t = 1 with the coordinate axes is
1 1
(a) ab (b) 2 ab (c) 4 ab (d) 2ab
Ans. (b)
y [CBSE 2023]

x'
X

Y' : +f =1
Fig.3.1
SOLU TION Line x + y
a b
=1 cuts the coord inate axes at A (a O) and B (O b) t f
' , o orm .1OAB .
Area of .1OAB 1 1
/
= -(OA x OB)= -ab
2 2
rx~E 6 The value of k for which the system of linear equat
ions
incon sisten t is x + 2y = 3, Sx + ky + 7 == 0 is
14 2
(a) (b) 5 (c) 5
3 (d) 10
 ------- ------- ---
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.3

Ans. (d)
SOLUTION Given system of equations will be inconsistent, if
1 2 3
-=-'#--
5 k 7
1 2
-=- ⇒ k =10.
==> 5 k
EXA✓,The system of equations x =0, y =3 has
(a) a unique solution (b) no solution (c) two solutions (d) infinitely many solutions
Ans. (a)
SOLUTION We find that x = 0 represents y-axis and y = 3 is a line parallel to x-axis at a distance of
3 units from it. These two lines intersect at exactly one point (0, 3). Hence, the system has a unique
solutions. .
E ~ 8 If the system of equations 2x + 3y =7 and 2ax +(a+ b) y = 8 has infinitely many solutions,
then
(a) a= 2b (b) a+ 2b = 0 (c) b = 2a (d) 2a + b = 0
Ans. (c)
SOLUTION Given system of equations will have infintely many solutions, if

2a
2
=a + b =8
3 7
[ Using : a1
a2 b2
1]
=!!1.. =
C2

a = a + b and a + b =~
⇒
3 3 7
⇒ / a =band 7a+ 7b = 24 ⇒ b =2a and 7a + 7 x 2a = 24 ⇒ b = 2a and 7a = 8
E ~ E 9 The pair of equations x = 4 and y =-3 graphically represent lines which are
(a) coincident (b) parallel (c) intersecting at (4, -3) (d) intersecting at (-3, 4)
Ans. (c)
SOLUTION Equation x = 4 represent a line parallel to y-axis at a distance 4 on its right side and
y = - 3 respresents a line parallel to x-axis at a distance of 3 units below it. These two liens intersect
at (4, -3).
EXAMPLE 10 One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is -Sx + 7y- 2 = 0, the second
equation can be
(a) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (b) -10x -14y + 4 =0 (c) -10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (d) 10x-14y = -4
Ans. (d) [CBSE 2011]
SOLUTION Two equations a1x + b1y + c1 =0 and a2x + b2y + c2 =0 represent a pair of dependent
•
• constant times
one equat·10n 1s . m
the other. For the equation •
•
1mear .
equations 1"f -a1 = -b1 = -C1 1.e.
•
a2 b2 c2
option (d), we find that lOx -14y + 4 = -2 (-Sx + 7y-2).
. 10 -14 4
1.e. _ = = _2 · So, the second equation can be 10x-14y = -4.
5 7
EXA~1 If the pair of linear equations (3k + 1) x + 3y - 5 = 0 and 2x - 3y + 5 =0 have infinite
number of solutions, then the value of k is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) -1
Ans. (d) [CBSE 2011]
SOLUTION For infinitely many solutions, we must have
3k + 1 3 -5
- - = - = - ⇒ 3k +1 = -2 ⇒ k = -1.
2 -3 5
3.4 MATHEMATICS-)(
1
2 3 5 4
EXAMPLE 12 If - +- = 13 and - - - = -2, then x + y equals
X y X y
1 1 5 5
(a) - (b) - 6 (c) 6 (d)
6 6
Ans. (c) [CBSE 20ll]
SOLUT ION Let ..!.. = u and .! = v. Then, the given system of equatio ns become s
X y
2u+3v -13 =0
and, Su - 4v + 2 = 0
Using cross-m ultiplic ation, we obtain
-U- _ - - 1
- ⇒ -U- = -V- = -1- ⇒ U -_ 2, V -_ 3 ⇒ X -_1
V
- _- - _1
6-52 -65-4 -8-15 -, y - -
-46 -69 -23 2 3
1 1 5
x+y= 2+3= 6
EXAMPLE 13 If ax+ by = a 2 - b2 and bx+ ay = 0, then the value of X + Y zs
(a) a 2 -b 2 (b) a+ b (c) a-b (d) a 2 + b2
Ans. (c)
[CBSE 2024]
SOLUT ION We have, ax+ by= a 2 - b2 ... (i) and bx+ay = 0 ...(ii)
Multipl ying (i) by a and (ii) by b, we obtain

a2 x + aby = a3 - ab3 ...(lll)

2
b x + aby = 0
... (iv)
Subtrac ting (iv) from (iii), we obtain
(a 2 -b 2 ) x = a (a 2 -b 2 ) ⇒ x =a
Putting x = a in (ii), we obtain y = - b. Hence, x + y = a - b.
E~14 The value of k for which the system of equations kx + y =k2 and x + ky = 1 has infinitely
many solutions, is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (a)
SOLUTI ON Given system of equatio ns will have infinite ly many solutio ns,
if
2
k 1 -k k 1 1 k2 2
1 = k = _1
3
⇒
1=k and k =1 ⇒k = 1 and k = 1 ⇒ k = ± 1 and k = 1 ⇒ k = 1
EXAMPLE 15 If the pair of linear equations 2x - 3y = 0 and kx + 6y = 0 has non-zero
solutions, then the
valueof k is
(a) -12 (b) 4 (c) -4 (d) 12
Ans. (c)
SOLUTI ON The homog eneous system of equatio ns a x + b y =0
1 1 and a2 x + b2 y = 0 has non-zer o
solution s, if ~ = .!!i. Thus, the given system of equatio ns, will have non-zer o solution s if
a2 b2

2 3
- = -- ⇒ -3k = 12 ⇒ k = -4
k 6
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.5

E ~ 1 6 The point of intersection of the line representd by 3x _ y = 3 and y-axis is given by

(a) (0, - 3) (b) (O, 3) (c) (2, 0) (d) (- 2, O)

Ans, (a) [CBSE 2023]
SOLUTION The equation of y-axis is x = 0. Solving 3x - y = 3 and x = 0, we obtain y = - 3
Hence, the point of intersection is (0, - 3).
EXAMPLE 17 3 c~airs and 1 table ~ost ~ 900; where as S chairs and 3 tables cost t 2,100. If the cost of 1 chair
is t x and 1 table is t y, then the situation can be represented algebraically as
(a) 3x + y = 900, 3x +Sy= 2100 (b) x + 3y = 900, 3x +Sy= 2100
(c) 3x + y = 900, Sx + 3y = 2100 (d) x + 3y = 900, Sx + 3y = 2100
Ans, (c) [CBSE 2023]
SOLUTION The cost of 3 chairs and 1 tables is f 3x + y and that of S chairs and 3 tables is Sx + 3y.
. 3x + y =900, Sx + 3y =2100

~~✓- The value ofk for which the pair ofequations kx = y + 2 and 6x = 2y + 3 has infinitely many
solutions, is
(a) k = 3 (b) does not exist (c) k=-3 (d) k= 4
Ans. (b) [CBSE2023]
SOLUTION Given system of equations is kx - y - 2 = O and 6x - 2y - 3 = 0 . This system will have
infinitely many solutions, if
k -1 -2 k 1 2
- - - - - ⇒ -----
6 -2 -3 6 2 3
1
Clearly,
2
* 32 is not true. Hence, the given system does not have infinitely many solution for any

value of k.

EXAMPLE 19 The pair of linear equations 2x = Sy + 6 and 1Sy = 6x -18 represents two lines which are:
(a) intersecting (b) parallel
(c) coincident (d) either intersecting or parallel
Ans. (c)
SOLUTION Given linear equations are 2x - Sy - 6 = 0 and 6x - lSy-18 = 0 . We find that

2 5 6
- = -- = -- . So, 1·1nes representedby given
• • 'dent .
equati'ons are c01nc1
6 -15 -18
EXAMPLE 20 The following pair of lines are non-intersecting. Which of the following statements is true?
 _,... ,,::ii .
·~···
.. '

3.6 MATHEMATics.x
i
Ans. (b) [CBSE Sample Paper 2
024
,l
SOLUTION If -a1 = -b1 * -c1 , then the Imes
• •
representing linear equa ti'ons a1 x + b1Y + c1 === O
a2
an.ct
b2 C2
a2x + b2y + c2 =0 are parallel and hence non-intersecting.
EXAMPLE 21 Two lines are given to be parallel. The equation of one of these lines is Sx -3y
=== 2. The
equation of second line can be
(a) -15x-9y =5 (b) 15x+9y=5 (c) 9x-15y= 6 (d) -15x+9y =S
Ans. (d) [CBSE 2024)
SOLUTION Two lines a1x + b1y +c1 =0 and a2x + b2Y +c2 =0 are parallel, iff : =:: •
5 -3
For the lines 5x - 3y = 2 and - l5x + 9y = 5 , we find that -15 = 9 •
Hence, -15x + 9y = 5 is a line parallel to line 5x - 3y = 2 .

CASE STUDY BASED EXAMPLES

E~2 A test consists of 'True' or 'False' questions. One mark awarded for every correct answer
while mark is deducted for every wrong answer. A student knew answers to some of the questions. Rest
4
of the questions he attempted by guessing. He answered 120 questions and scored 95 marks.
(i) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then the number
of questions he
answered correctly is
(a) 24 (b) 96 (c) 100 (d) 90
(ii) The number of questions he guessed, is
(a) 20 (b) 96 (c) 20 (d) 90
(iii) If answers to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 80 correctly, then how
many marks he got?
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) 70 (d) 35
(iv) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then the number of questions answered
correctly to score 95 marks is
(a) 100 (b) 105 (c) 90 (d) 95
SOLUTION (i) Ans. (c): Suppose he answered x questions by guessing and he knew answer
toy
questions. Then,

x+y=12 0andy- : =95 ⇒ (x+ y)-(y- :) =25⇒ X =20

Putting x = 20 in x + y = 120, we get y = 100.

(ii) Ans. (a): From (i), we obtain x =20
(iii) Ans. (c): He answered 80 questions correctly and the remaining 40 questions were wrong
as he
answered them by guessing.

Marks secured = 80 - .!. x 40 = 70

4
(iv) Ans. (a): Suppose x questions were answered correctly. Then, the remaining (120 - x) were
answered by guessing and were wrong.
l 5x
X- -(120 - X) = 95 ⇒ - - 30 = 95 ⇒ -5x = 125 ⇒ X = 100
4 4 4
pAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.7

EXA~Rav ish is planning to buy a house whose layout is given below. The design and the
measurement has been made such that areas of two bedrooms and kitchen together is 95 ml.
< X ➔ +- 2 -➔ ~ • y ---►

T
5m Bedroom 1 Bathroom Kitchen
l
2jm
i < X ➔

T
5m Bedroom 2 livingroom
l ,J
~
15m ~

Fig.3.3
(i) The pair of linear equations in two variables describing this situation is
(a) 2x + y = 19, x + Y =13 (b) x + 2y = 19, x + y = 13
'(c) 2x+y=l3,x+ y=13 (d) 2x+y=l3,x+ y=l9
(ii) The perimeter and area of the house are respectively
2
(a) 54 m, 180 m (b) 180 m, 54 m2 (c) 27 m, 90 m2 (d) 108 m, 180 m2
(iii) The value of xy is
(a) 42 (b) 48 (c) 49 (d) 13
(iv) The value of x - y is
(a) 13 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) .42
(v) The cost of laying tiles in the kitchen at the rate of f 70 per m2 is
(a) f1750 (b) f2400 (c) f2450 (d) f2550
SOLUTION (i) Ans. (a): We observe that
x + 2 + y = 15 and Sx + Sx + Sy = 95 ⇒ x + y = 13 and 2x + y = 19
2 2
(ii) Ans. (a): Perimeter = 2 (15 + 12) = 54 m, Area= 15 x 12 m = 180 m
(iii) Ans. (a): Solving x + y = 13 and 2x + y = 19, we obtain: x = 6, y = 7. Therefore, xy=.42.
(iv) Ans. (c): We have, x =6, y =7. Therefore, x-y =6-7 =-1.
(v) Ans. ( : Total cost of laying tiles =f (70 x Sy)= f (70 x 35) =f 2450
LE 24It is common that governments revise travel fares from time to time based on various factors
ch as inflation (a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money) on different types of
vehicles like auto rickshaws, taxis, radio cabs etc. The auto charges in acity comprise ofafixed charge together
with the charge for the distance covered. Study the following situations:

Fig.3.4
Name of the City Distance travelled (km) (Amount paid (f))
City A 10 75
15 110
City B 8 91
14 145
3.8 MATHEMAr1cs~)(

(i) If the fixed charges of autorickshaw be t x and the running charges be t Y per km, the pair of linea,-
equations representing the travel in city A is
(a) x + lOy = 75, x + Sy = 145 (b) x + lOy = 75, x + 15y = 110
(c) x + By = 91, x + 14y = 145 (d) x + By = 145, x + l4y = 91
(ii) If the fixed charges of autorikshaw be , x and the running charges be f Y per km, the pair of linear
equations representing the travel in City B is
(a) x + lOy = 75, x + Sy = 145 (b) x + l0y = 75, X + l5y = 110
(c) x + By = 91, x + 14y = 145 (d) x + By = 145, x + 14y = 91
(iii) The amount paid by a person travelling 100 km in city A is
(a) , 310 (b) , 510 (c) , 705 (d) t 710
(iv) The amount paid by a person travelling 60 km in city Bis
(a) , 370 (b) , 578 (c) , 559 (d) t 610
(v) The amount paid by a person in travelling 50 km in City A and 30 km in City Bis
(a) , 355 (b) f 289 (c) f 644 (d) f 746
SOLUTION (i) Ans. (b): In travelling 10 km in City A, the amount paid is f 75. Therefore,
x + lOy = 75. Similarly we obtain x + 15y = 110.
(ii) Ans. (c): In travelling 8 km in City B, the amount paid is t 91. Therefore, x + By = 91.
Similarly, we obtain x + 14y = 145.
(iii) Ans. (c): Two equations describing the travel in City A are: x + lOy = 75 and x + l5y = 110
Solving these two equations, we obtain x = 5, y = 7.
Amount paid in travelling 100 km in City A = t (x + lOOy) = f (5 + 700) = f 705.
(iv) Ans. (c): Two equations describing the travel in City B are: x + By = 91 and x + l4y = 145
Solving these equations, we obtain: x = 19, y = 9
Amount paid in travelling 60 km in City B f (x + 60y) = t (19 + 60 x 9) = f 559
(v) Ans. ( c): The amount paid in travelling 50 km in City A and 30 km in City B is
f(5 +50':<7 + 19+ 30x 9) =f 644
EXA s A coaching institute ofMathematics conducts classes in two batches I and II and fees for rich
an p ldren are different. In batch I, there are 20 poor and 5 rich children, whereas in batch II, there are
5 poor and 25 rich children. The total monthly collection offees from batch I is f 9,000 and fr~m batch II is J
t 26,000. Assume that each poor child pays f x per month and each rich child pays , y per month.
1 flip

Fig.3.5
-----
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS fN rwo VARfABLES ·3,9

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Represent the information given above in terms of x and y.
(ii) Find the monthly fee paid by a poor child.
(iii) Find the difference in the monthly fee paid by a poor child and a rich child.
(iv) If there are 10 poor and 20 rich children in batch II, what is the total monthly collection offees from
batch II. [CBSE 2023 J
SOLUTION (i) Given information can be tabulated in the following form:
Poor(x) Rich (y) Monthly collection
Batch I 20 5 f 9,000/-
Batch II 5 25 f 26,000/-

Monthly fees received from x poor and y rich children of batch I is f (20x + Sy) . But, it is given that
the total monthly collection of fees from batch I is f 9,000.
20x + Sy = 9000
Monthly fees received from x poor and y rich children of batch II is ~ (Sx + 25y) . But it is given that
the total monthly collection of fees from batch II is f 26,000.
Sx + 25y = 26000
Thus, we obtain the following system of linear equations:
20x + Sy = 9000 ...(i)
Sx + 25y = 26000 ...(ii)
(ii) Multiplying (i) by 5 and subtracting from (ii), we obtain
-9Sx = -19000 ⇒ X = 200
Monthly fee paid by a poor child =f 200
(iii) Putting x = 200 in (i), we obtain
Sy =5000 ⇒ y =1000
Monthly fee paid by a rich child = f 1000
Hence, the difference in monthly fee paid by a poor child and a rich child is f 1000 - f 200 = f 800 .
(iv) Total collection of fee received from 10 poor and 20 rich children of batch II is
10X + 20y) = f (10 X 200 + 20 X 1000) = f 22,()()0 .
E Essel World is one of India's largest amusement parks that offers a diverse range of thrilling
ri es, water attractions and entertainment options for visitors of all ages. The park is known for its iconic
"Water Kingdom" section, making it a popular destination for family outings and fun-filled adventure. The
ticket charges for the park are r150 per child and r250 per adult.

Fig.3.6
 -~.

3.10 MATHE MAnc~ )(

i
was collected
On a day, the cashier of the park Joun~ that 300_ tickets were sold and an amount of ('55,000 •
Based on the above, answer the followm g questions:
(i) If the number of children visited be x and the number ofadults
visited bey, then write the given situat·zon
algebraically.
(ii) (a) How many children visited the amusem ent park that day?
OR
(b) How many adults visited the amusem ent park that day?
(iii) How much amount will be collected if 250 children and 100 adults
visit the amusem ent park?
[CBSE 2024]
SOLUT ION (i) Given that total 300 tickets were sold and an amoun
t off 55,000 was collecte d.
Therefo re, x + y = 300
150x + 250y = 55,000
(ii) (a) The system of equatio ns in (i) can be re-writ ten as
x+y=3 00 ... (i)
3x +Sy= 1,100 ... (ii)
Multip lying (i) by 5 and subtrac ting (ii) from it, we obtain
2X = 400 ⇒ X = 200
Putting x = 200 in (i), we obtain y = 100.
Thus, 200 childre n and 100 adults visited the amusem ent park that day.
(b) 100 adults visited the amusem ent park that day.
by
(iii) If 250 childre n and 100 adults visit the park, then amoun t collecte d is given
Amoun t = f (250 x 150 + 100 x 250) = f 62,500
ASSERTION-REASON BASED MCQs
MENT- 2 (Reason )
Each of the followi ng exampl es contain s STATE MENT- ! (Assert ion) and STATE
only one of which is the correct answer . Mark the
and has followi ng four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d),
correct answer .
for Stateme nt-1.
(a) Statem ent-1 and Stateme nt-2 are True; Statem ent-2 is a correct explana tion
is not a correct explana tion for Stateme nt-1.
(b) Statem ent-I and Stateme nt-2 are True; Stateme nt-2
(c) Statem ent-! is True, Stateme nt-2 is False.
(d) Sta~e nt-1 is False, Stateme nt-2 is True.
E ~ L E 27 Stateme nt-1 (A): The system of linear equations 9x + 3y
+ 12 = 0 and 18x ;t 6y + 24 = 0
have infinitel y many solutions.
Stateme nt-2 (R): The system of linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
• ,,:; ·t 1 1 . if a1 - b1 -- -
c1
.
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 = O have m1 .ni e y many so ut1ons, 1 -0i - -b 2 C2

Ans. (a)
SOLUT ION The stateme nt-2 is true (see Theory ). For the system of equatio
ns given in stateme nt-1,
9 3 12 a b c
we find that = = i.e. ~ = b: = c:. So, the system of equatio ns in stateme nt-1 has infinite ly
18 6 24
explana tion for
many solutio ns. Thus stateme nt-! is also true. Also, stateme nt-2 is a correct
statem ~-1. Hence, option (a) is correct.
E~PL E 28 Stateme nt-1 (A): The system of linear equations 2x + 3y = 7 and Jex+~ y = 12 have no
solution, if k = 3.
Statement-2 (R): The system oflinear equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and aix + b2Y + c2 =0
have no solution, if~= l1.
a2 b2
Ans. (c)
pAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.11

have no solution if '½ =_!i :1:- 1. So

SOLUTION The system of linear equations in statement-2 ' '½ b C2 '
statement-2 is false. The system of linear equations in statement-1 will have no solution, J
k 9/2 12 k 3 12
2 =3 * 7 or, 2 = 2 * 7 or, k = 3.
So, the st~ment-1 is true. Hence, option (c) is correct. •
EXA~E 29 Statement-1 (A): The system ofequations 2x + y + 9 = 0 and x + 3y + 7 =0 is consistent
having unique solution.
Statement-2 (R): The system of equations ax+ by+ c =O and px + qy + r =0 is always
consistent with unique solution, if aq :I:- bp.
Ans, (a)
SOLUTION The system of equations ax+ by+ c =O and px + qy + r = 0 is consistent, if

~-:;; ! i.e. aq * bp. So, statement-2 is true.

p q
2
For the system of equations 2x + y + 9 =0 and x + 3y + 7 = 0, we find that :1:- .!.. So, it is a
1 3
consistent system with unique solution. So, statement-1 is also true and statement-2 is a correct
explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a) is correct.
EXAMPLE 30 Statement-1 (A): The area of the trapezium formed by the lines 3x + 4y-12 = 0 and
9
3x + 4y =6 is square units.
2
Statement-2 (R): The system of equations t½X + btY + c1 = 0 and aix + bi11 + c2 = 0 is
. . if a1 - b1 - C1
inconsistent, t lli - b - c •
2 2
Ans. (c)
SOLlITION Graphs of the given lines are shown in Fig. 3.7. y

Area of trapezium ACDB = Area of LiOAB - Area of LiOCD 3x+4y-12=0

= 1 (OA x OB)- 1 (OC x OD)

2 2
3
= .!.(4 X 3)-.!.(2 X ) = 4.5 sq. units
2 2 2
So, statement-1 is true.
Clearly, statement-2 is false. Hence, option (c) is correct. Fig. 3.7
3x+4y=6

PRACTICE EXERCISES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
1. The value of k for which the system of equations lex - y = 2 and, 6x - 2y = 3 has a unique
solution, is
(a) = 3 (b) :1:- 3 (c) :1:- 0 (d) =0
2. The value of k for which the system of equations 2x + 3y = 5 and, 4x + ky = 10 has infinite
number of solutions, is
{a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 0
3. The value of k for which the system of equations x + 2y - 3 = 0 and Sx + ky + 7 = 0 has no
solution, is
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 1
4• The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + Sy = 0 and lex + 10y = 0 has a non-zero
solution, is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
 3.12 MATHEMAties_~

. X + 2y = 5 h l ti •
5. The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + ky + 15 = o as no so u on IS
(a) 6 (b) -6 (c) 3/2 (d) none of these
6. If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then the lines represented by tw
0
equa tions are
(a) intersecting (b) parallel
(c) always coincident (d) intersecting or coincident
7. If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 5, 4x + ky = 10 has infinitely many solutions, then k::::
1 (d) 6
(a) 1 (b) - (c) 3
2
8. If the system of equations kx - Sy = 2, 6x + 2y = 7 has no solution, then k =
(a) -10 (b) -5 (c) -6 (d) -15
9. If x = a, y =bis the solµtion of the systems of equations x -y = 2 and x + Y = 4, then the values of
a and b are, respectively ,
(a) 3and1 (b)3and5 (c)Sand3 (d)-land-3
10. For what value of k, do the equations 3x-y + B= 0 and 6x-ky + 16 = 0 represent coincident lines?
1 1
(a) - (b) - - (c) 2 (d) -2 [CBSE 2024]
2 2
11. The pair of linear equatins y = 0 and y = -5 has
(a) one solution (b) two solutions
I ' •
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
12. 8 chairs and 5 tables cost f 10,500, while 5 chairs and 3 tables cost f 6,450. The cost of each chair
will be
w,~ ~,~ ~,~ (d)., 9QO .
~ I f ABCD is a rectangle shown in Fig. 3.8, then
(a) x = 10, y = 2 (b) x = 12, y = B (c) x = 2, y = 10 (d) x = 20, y = 0

D --~> X+Y-<---. C

t f ...

~ .____ __
___. t
A----> 12-(--- B
Fig.3.8

a
14. The pair of linear equations 3x + Sy = 3 and 6x + ky = B do not have solution, if k
Ja) = 5 (b) = 10 (c) ;t 10 (d) ;t 5
~ If the sum of the ages of a father and his son in years is 65 and twice the difference of their ages
in years is 50, then the age of father is •. .
(a) 40 years (b) 45 years (c) 55 years (d) 65 years.
16. If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 7 and, (a+ b) x + (2a - ~) y =:= 21 has infinitely many
1
solutions, then • •
(a) a= 1, b = 5 (b) a= 5, b = 1 (c) a= -1, b = 5 (d) a= 5, b = -1
17. If the system of equations 3x + y = 1 and, (2k -1) x + (k -1) y = 2k + 1 is inconsistent, thenk =
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) 2

I
 t I••

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.13

18. If am :;: bl, ~en the s~stem of equations ax + by = c and, Ix + my = n

(a) has a unique solution (b) has no solution
(c) has infinitely many solutions (d) may or may not have a solution.
~ the system of equations
2x + 3y =7
2ax +(a+ b) y = 28
has infinitely many solutions, then
(a) a = 2b (b) b = 2a (c) a+ 2b = 0 (d) 2a + b = 0
20. If 2x - 3y = 7 and (a+ b) x - (a+ b - 3) y = 4a + b represent coincident lines, then a and b
satisfy the equation
(a) a+ Sb= 0 (b) Sa+ b = 0 (c) a - Sb= 0 (d) Sa - b = 0

~ h e area of the triangle formed by the line x + Y = 1 with the coordinate axes is
a b
1 1
(a) ab (b) 2ab (c) -ab (d) -ab
2 4
[CBSE 2023]
~The area of the triangle formed by the lines y =x, x = 6 and y = 0 is
(a) 36 sq. units (b) 18 sq. units (c) 9 sq. units (d) 72 sq. units
~The area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 4 and x = y is
(a) 1/2 sq. unit (b) 1 sq. unit (c) 2 sq. unit (d) None of these
24. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digits of the number get
reversed. The number is
(a) 25 (b) 72 (c) 63 (d) 36
25. Arona has only f i' and f 2 coins with her. If the total number of coins that she has is 50 and the
amount of money with her is f 75, then the number off 1 and f 2 coins are, respectively
(a) 35 and 15 (b) 35 and 20 (c) 15 and 35 (d) 25 and 25
26. If x = a, y = b is the solution of the pair oflinear equations 37x + 43y = 123, 43x + 37y = 117,
3 3
then a + b is equal to
(a) - 7 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) - 9
27. The value of k for which the lines 5x + 7y =3 and 15x + 21y = k coincide is
(a) 9 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 18
28. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is -5x + 7y = 2. The second equation is

(a) lOx + 14y + 4 = 0 (b) -10x-14y+4 = 0

(c) - lOx + 14y + 4 = 0 (d) lOx - 14y = -4

29. If 217x + 131y = 913 and 131x + 217y = 827, then x + y is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

\.J6':"The number of solutions of 3x+y =243 and 243x-y =3 is

wo ~1 ~2 (d) infinite
3 = 12, x - y - 1 = 0 and x =O
1. The area of the triangle formed by the lines 2x + 3y
(as shown in Fig. 3.9), is
(a) 7 sq. units (b) 7.5 sq. units (c) 6.5 sq. units (d) 6 sq. units
 -~:
3.14 MATH¾.,., l
ttCS..x
y
2x+3y-12=0

B (0, 4)

p (3, 2)
x' -4 -3 -2
x' X

A (6, O)

x-y-1=0 y' y'

Fig. 3.9 Fig. 3.10

32. Figure 3.10, is the graph representing two linear equatio~s by lines ~Band CD respectively. The
area of the triangle formed by these two lines and the line x = 0 1s
(a) 3 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units (c) 6 sq. units (d) 8 sq. units
33. In Fig. 3.11, graphs of two linear equations are shown. The pair of these linear equations is
y

X' X

y'
Fig. 3.11
(a) consistent with unique solution (b) consistent with infinitely many solutions
(c) inconsistent
(d) inconsistent but can be made consistent by extending these lin~s .. [CBSE 2024]
34. Which out of the following type of straight lines will be represented by the system of equations
3x + 4y = 5 and 6x + By = 7?
(a) Parallel (b) Intersecting
(c) Coincident (d) Perpendicular to eq.91 o~er [CBSE 2024]
35. The pair of linear equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and - 3x = 6y - 1 has
(a) unique solution (b) exactly two solutions
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution [CBSE 2024]
2x -3y = 5
36. The system of equations given by 6x + 9y = 15
(a) has unique solution (b) has no solution
(c) has infinitely many solutions
(d) may have infinitely many solutions or no solution [CBSE 2024]

CASE STUDY BASED MCQs

/Teache rs and students of class X of a school had gone to Nandan Kannan for study tour. After
visiting different places of Nandan Kannan, lastly, they visited bird's sanctuary and deer park.
Rohan is a clever boy and keen observer. He put the question to his friends" How many birds
are there and how many deer are there (at particular time) in Nandan Kannan?" Rahul's friend,
Nishith gave the correct answer as follows:

L
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.15

'Nishith answered that total animals have 1000 eyes and1400 legs.'

Fig.3.12
(i) If x and Y be the number of birds and deer respectively, what is the equation of total
number of eyes?
(a) x+y=l00 0 (b) x+y=50 0 (c) x-y=l00 0 (d) x-y=500
(ii) What is the equation of total number of legs?
(a) 2x+y=7 0 (b) x+2y=50 0 (c) x+2y=700 (d) 2x-y=50 0
(iii) How many birds are there in the Zoo?
(a) 1000 (b) 5000 (c) 300 (d) 200
(iv) How many deer are there in the Zoo?
(a) 500 (b) 200 (c) 300 (d) 700
(v) Total number.o f animals (birds and deer) is
/ (a) 1000 (b) 700 (c) 500 (d) 300
~ Mathematics teacher of a school took the standard 10 students to see the painting exhibition
which was held at· ART COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, Bangalore. It is the part of art integration
of Mathematics. The teacher and students had interest in painting as well. Students were eager
to see the above paintings. The teacher explained that the above paintings are based on concept
of a pair of linear equations of two variables.
UPSTREAM (b)
DOWNSTREAM (a)

Fig.3.13
 3.16

(i) If the speed of boat is 5 km/hr and speed of stream is 2 km/hr. What is the speed of
boat in downstream?
the
(a) 5 km/hr (b} 2 km/hr (c) 7 km/hr (d) 3 km/hr
(ii) If the speed of boat is 5 km/hr and speed of stream is 2 km/hr. What is the speed of the
boat in upstream?
(a) 5 km/hr (b) 2 km/hr (c) 7 km/hr (d) 3 km/hr
(iii) A boat goes 21 km downstream. What is the time required to cover it?
(a) 5hr (b) 2hr (c) 7hr (d) 3hr
(iv) A boat goes 12 km upstream. What is the time required to cover it?
(a) 4hr (b) 2hr (c) 6hr (d) 3hr
(v) If speed of boat and stream be x km/hr and y km/hr respectively. What is the distance
covered by downstream boat in 't' hours?
(a) t (x -y) km (b) t (x + y) km (c} 2t (x - y) km (d) 2t (x + y) km
ASSERTION-REASON BASED MCQs
Each of the following questions contains STATEMENT-1 (Asser~on)_ and STATEMENT-2 (Reason)
and has following four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), only one of which 1S the correct answer. Mark the
correct choice.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
39. Statement-1 (A): The system of linear equations 3x + Sy- 4 = 0 and 15x + '25y - '25 = O is
inconsistent.
Statement-2 (R): The pair of linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 =0 and azx + b2)! + c = O
2
a1 b1 C1
represents parallel lines, if a
2
=b -:t c •
2 2
~atemen t-1 (A): The area of the rectangle formed by the lines representing x = B, y =6 with
the coordinate axes is 24 sq. units.
Statement-2 (R): The system of equations x =B, y =6 is consistent with a unique solution.
41. Statement-1 (A): If a pair of linear equations represent coincident lines, then the equations are
consistent and have a unique solution.
Statement-2 (R): A pair of linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 =0 and a x + b2)! + c =0 represents
2 2

f½ - .!1
b -_:1.
• 'dentl'mes 1'ff~_
comc1 c •
2 2
~tatemen t-1 (A): If the system of equations 3x + 6y = 10 and 2x - ky + 5 = 0 is inconsistent,
thenk =-4.
Statement-2 (R): The system of equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b y + c2 = 0 is
2

inconsistent iff a1 =.!1 =:!. .

f½ b2 C2

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d)
8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b)
15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (c)
22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d)
36. (a)
II
pAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3.17
7, (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (c) (iv) (b) (v) (c)
3
s.
3 (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (d) (iv) (a) (v) (b)
39. (a) 40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (c)