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Experiment A1

The document outlines an experiment to determine the resistivity of two or three wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current, following Ohm's law. It details the materials required, the procedure for setting up the circuit, and how to measure and record observations. The results indicate that the resistivity of the wire is 9.2 x 10^-6 Ω-m, confirming the linear relationship between potential difference and current.

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MAHANDAR KUMAR
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3 views3 pages

Experiment A1

The document outlines an experiment to determine the resistivity of two or three wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current, following Ohm's law. It details the materials required, the procedure for setting up the circuit, and how to measure and record observations. The results indicate that the resistivity of the wire is 9.2 x 10^-6 Ω-m, confirming the linear relationship between potential difference and current.

Uploaded by

MAHANDAR KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SISTIVITY OF TWO/THREE _WIRES BY PLOTTING. A GRAPH ENCE VERSUS CURRENT penty ofa conductor to resist the flow of chorBes through ‘cuvent and resistance is proportionality constant. There isa r ‘current and potential difference gives resi 1.1 TO DETERMINE RE! OF POTENTIAL DIFFER! it. Ohm's law gives a relation linear relationship between Resistance is defined as the proj istance of conductor. between potential difference and potential difference and current. Slope of the graph berween: Aim Fe deteanine resistivity of twothree wires by ploting a gr2ph of potential difference versus current, Materials Required ® DC voltmeter @ Resistance wire Ammeter —@ Rhcostat_ ® Battery © Plug key © Connecting wires @ Metre scale © Avpiece of sand paper @ Screw gauge Theory — ‘Ohm's Law ‘According to Ohm's law, electric ct solos its end; if other conditions remain constant. Other conditions includ can be shown by following equation: ren I through a given conductor is directly proportional to potential ey heostat R depends upon the nature of material, temperature and dimensions (length - Resistance wire and diameter) of the conducting wire. | ‘A graph between potential difference and current is a straight line. Slope of this graph gives value of resistance for the conductor. _—@-— Slope = tanO= a = Resistance teult agram to find resistance of a wire Procedure X Setting up the elements of Circutt © Make a circuit with battery, resistor, rheostat, voltmeter and ammeter; as shown in the circuit diagram. ‘Before using the connecting wires, clean there ends with sand-paper so that any insulation could be removed. ‘+ Make clean and tight connections while making the circuit. + Ensure that positive and negative terminals of ammeter and voltmeter are connected to the suitable terminals of the battery. + Determine the least count of voltmeter and ammeter. ‘© Note the zero error; if any. + Insert the plug key and check if ammeter and voltmeter are working properly by sliding the theostat slider. Peaccat Saus iv PHYsics-12 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Measurement of Resistance of the Wire © By sliding the rhcostat contact, adjust the resistance so that a measurable current passes through serena * Note down the value of potential difference and current; from voltmeter and ammeter respectively, * Shift the rheostat contact slightly to ensure full division reading on voltmeter and ammeter. Avoid taking ine reading in fractional divisions. © Take at least five sets of observations, Determination of Resistivity of wire * Cut the resistance wire at the ends where it leaves the terminals of the voltmeter. Stretch the wire and measure ity length by using a meter scale and measure the radius by using a screw gauge. * Record your observations. * Resistivity, p = mA Wire, Observations. . \ Length of the resistance wire / = _34 cm’ |__| Ammeter reading I(A) [Voltmeter reading V(V)|y S and radius of wire(+) = 0.1 em / | wo. | Observed. | Corrected |Observed] Corrected [y ~R (Ohm) Range of ammeter: _0-3 A current (I)[1=t+c| VY, | V7 Veter 4 Range of voltmeter: 0-3 V \ 06 05 0.5 0s 10 Least count of ammeter: _0.1_A re 11 10 10 1.0 10 Least count of voltmeter: 0.1 V 3 3 1s 3 1S 10 \ .f 10 Zero error in voltmeter: _0.0_V « 2 i ae 20 7 Zero correction for ammeter: 5. 26 25 2.5 25 ~e= 01 A Mean vatuc-of resistance, R=—=10—-Ohm. Zero correction for voltmeter: ¢; =~ e;=_0.0 V “Plotting of Graph 2 ~ Choose appropriate scare and plot a Staph between potential difference (y-axis) and current (x-axis). ha Tat eran oo. }qal ions yeu tT Gurren nay eat PRACTICAL Sens. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Calculation From V-I graph slope can be calculated as; In AABC, slope = tan 0 wv So tan @ = tan 45° + slope = 1.9. Resistance = slope = _1.0 9. RA _ Rem? _1x3.14x(0.1? ,P= = 7 1 34 Resistivit 2x10 Qem = 9.2 x 10% O-m Results _&_ The graph between potential difference and current is a straight line. Hence, potential difference is directly proportional to the current. _o_The resistivity of the given wire is 9.2 « 10° Q-m, APrecautions \ .s. Use ammeter and voltmeter of appropriate range. ‘= Wire should be cleaned thoroughly with sand paper before using. a. All connections should be tight and neat, “s_-Rheostat should be of low resistance. ‘Insert the key only while taking observations to prevent heating of resistance. Check for zero error corrections for voltmeter and ammeter. «Use copper wire to connect different elements and devices. Sources of Error « Non-uniform cross-section of wire. End resistance of wire may cause some error in result. e Loose screws of instrument. © Higher resistance of rheostat. ‘Resistance of coil may change due to excess heating, Suggested Experiments 1. Find the resistivity of wire of different materials. 2. For constant diameter, find the effect of length of wire on resistance. VIVA VOCE Q1. What do you understand by electric current? Ans, The net amount of charge flowing through a conductor in forward direction in a given time is called current. q t where, I is current, q is charge and ¢ is time. If the value of I is negative then its mean current is flowing in backward direction, The SI unit of current is ampere which is usually represented by A. Q2. Describe Ohm’s Law. ‘Ans. Ohm's law states that if the temperature of a conductor remains constant then current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference. Vel or, v=RI @ scanned with OKEN Scanner

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