OPERATORS

 Airthmetic
 Assignment
 Increment/decrement
 Relational
 Conditional/Ternary
 Logical Op
 Bitwise

1. Airthmetic Operator (+,-,*,/)

import java.util.*;
class AirthmeticExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt();
b=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(“Addition is ”+(a+b));
System.out.println(“Multi is ”+(a*b));
System.out.println(“Sub is ”+(a-b));
System.out.println(“Division is ”+(a/b));
}
}
 2. Assignment Operator (=,+=,-=)

import java.util.*;
class AssignmentExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt();
b=sc.nextInt();
c=a+b;
System.out.println(“Addition is ”+c);
}
}

3. Increment/Decrement Op

Let, int a=5;

Pre-increment Operator
++var_name
++a; …………//6
Pre-decrement Operator
--var_name
--a;………………//4
Post-increment Operator
Var_name++
a++;…………5
a;……………..6
Post-decrement Operator
var_name—
a-- ;…………5
a;………..4
class IncreDecreExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=5;
System.out.println(“value of a is ”+a);
System.out.println(“value of a after preincrement is ”+(++a));
System.out.println(“value of a after post increment is ”+(a++));
System.out.println(“value of a is ”+a);
System.out.println(“value of a after pre decrement is ”+(--a));
System.out.println(“value of a after post decrement is ”+(a--));
System.out.println(“value of a is ”+a);
}
}

4. Relational Operator

>
>=
<
<=
==
!=

import java.util.*;
class RelationalExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt();
b=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(a>b);
System.out.println(a>=b);
System.out.println(a<b);
System.out.println(a<=b);
System.out.println(a==b);
System.out.println(a!=b);
}
}

5. Conditional Operator/TernaryOp

Syntax: (condition)?True:false;

import java.util.*;
class ConditionalExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt(); //6
b=sc.nextInt(); //3
c=(a<b)?a:b;
System.out.println(“Result is ”+c);
}
}

6. Logical Operator

AND op(&&)
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR op( || )
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

NOT op( ! )
0 1
1 0

import java.util.*;
class LogicalExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter three numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt(); //6
b=sc.nextInt(); //3
c=sc.nextInt(); //9
System.out.println((a>b)&&(a>c));
System.out.println((a>b)||(a>c));
}
}

7. Bitwise Operator

a) Bitwise AND ( & )

b) Bitwise OR ( | )
c) Bitwise XOR ( ^ )
d) Bitwise Compliments ( ~ )
e) Bitwise LeftShift ( << )
f) Bitwise RightShift ( >> )

X Y AND(&) OR( | ) XOR ( ^ )

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

import java.util.*;
class LogicalExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers ”);
a=sc.nextInt(); //10
b=sc.nextInt(); //7
System.out.println(a&b);
System.out.println(a|b);
System.out.println(a^b);
System.out.println(~a);
}
}

~a=10 -11 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
a=10 x 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b=7 y 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
a&b 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
a|b 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
a^b 13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Control Statement

1. Selection Statement
a) if-else Statement
b) nested if-else Statement
c) if-else if-else Statement
d) switch-case Statement
2. Iterative/Looping Statement
a) While lopp
b) Do-while loop
c) For loop
3. Jump Statement
a) Break
b) Continue
 Selection Statement

1. if else Statement
Syntax:

if(condition)
{
……………
……………
}
else
{
…………..
…………….
}

import java.util.*;
class IfelseExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter a number ”);
a=sc.nextInt();
if(a>=0)
{
System.out.println(“positive”);
}
else
{
System.out.println(“negative”);
}
}
}
Nested if-else Statement
Syntax:

if(condition1)
{
if(condition2)
{
……………
}
else
{
…………….
}
}
else
{
if(condition3)
{
……………
}
else
{
…………….
}
}

import java.util.*;
class NestedIfelseExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c,big;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter a number ”);
a=sc.nextInt(); //10
b=sc.nextInt(); //5
c=sc.nextInt(); //15
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
 {
big=a;
}
else
{
big=c;
}
}
else
{
if(b>c)
{
big=b;
}
else
{
big=c;
}

}
System.out.println(“biggest value is ”+big);
}
}

if else if else ladder Statement

Syntax:

if(condition)
{
……..
}
else if(condition)
{
……..
}
else if(condition)
{
……..
}
else if(condition)
{
……..
}
.
.
else
{
…………
}

import java.util.*;
class LadderIfelseif
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int m1,m2,m3,m4,per;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter Student 4 subject marks ”);
m1=sc.nextInt();
m2=sc.nextInt();
m3=sc.nextInt();
m4=sc.nextInt();
per=(m1+m2+m3+m4)/4;
if(per>=75)
{
System.out.println(“HONOURS”);
}
else if(per>=60)
{
System.out.println(“FIRST”);
}
else if(per>=50)
{
System.out.println(“SECOND”);
}
else if(per>=40)
{
System.out.println(“THIRD”);
}
else
{
System.out.println(“FAILED”);
}
}
}

Switch-Case Statement

Syntax:

switch(choice)
{
case int/char:
……..
break;
case int/char:
……..
break;
case int/char:
……..
break;
…
…
…
default:
……….
………..
}

Example

import java.util.*;
class SwitchCase
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
char op;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“enter number in a ”);
a=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(“enter number in b ”);
b=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(“enter operator ”);
op=sc.next().charAt(0);
switch(op)
{
case ‘+’:
System.out.println(“Addition is ”+(a+b));
break;
case ‘-’:
System.out.println(“Substraction is ”+(a-b));
break;
case ‘*’:
System.out.println(“Multiplication is ”+(a*b));
break;
case ‘/’:
System.out.println(“Division is ”+(a/b));
break;
default:
System.out.println(“Invalid Operator ”);
break;
}
}
}

Iterative/looping Statements
while loop do while loop for loop
Syntax: Syntax: Syntax:

initialization initialization for(initi ; condi ; incre/dec)

while(condition) do {
{ { …..
….. ….. …..
….. ….. }
Incre/decre; Incre/decre;
} }
while(condition);
 Example code: Example code: Example code:

class Demo class Demo class Demo

{ { {
PSVM PSVM PSVM
{ { {
int i=1; //init int i=1; int i=1;
do for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
while(i<=10) { {
{ SOP(i); SOP(i);
SOP(i); i++; }
i++; } }
} while(i<=10); }
} }
} }

 Table of any number

 Factorial of any number
 Enter a number and check number is prime or not
 Fabonacci Series
 Sum of Digits
 Product of digits
 Enter a number and find number is Armstrong or not
 Enter a number and find number is pallindrome or not

Nested for loop

Syntax:

for( initilization ; condition ; incre/decrement ) //row

{
for( initilization ; condition ; incre/decrement ) //col
{

}
}
 Program Example

class Demo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i,j;
for(i=1 ; i<=5 ; i++)
{
for(j=1 ; j<=5 ; j++)
{
System.out.println( j );
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Col 1 2 3 4 5
Row
1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5

2 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5

3 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5
4 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5
5 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5

PATTERN QUESTIONS

1. 2. 3. 4.

1 1 * *
12 22 ** **
123 333 *** ***
1234 4444 **** ****
12345 55555 ***** *****
5. 6. 7. 8.
1 * ***** *
01 ** **** ***
101 *** *** *****
0101 **** ** *******
10101 ***** * *********
9.

1
232
34543
4567654
567898765

class Patt2
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i,j,p;
for(i=1 ; i<=5 ; i++)
{
for(j=1 ; j<=5-i ; j++)
{
System.out.print(" ");
}
p=i;
for(j=1 ; j<=i ; j++)
{
System.out.print(p++);
}
p=p-2;
for(j=1 ; j<=i-1; j++)
{
System.out.print(p--);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Array in Java
User define datatype which is use to store similar type of dataitems .
 Types of array
 1D array
 2D array
 Multi or 3D array

1D Array

Syntax:

1.Array Dec:

Datatype arrayname[];

2.Array Defi

Arrayname[]=new Datatype[size];

3.Array value

Arrayname[]={value1,value 2,value 3……….};

Datatype arrayname[]=new Datatype[size];

Eg:

int a[]=new int[5];

import java.util.*;

class OneDArray

public static void main(String args[])

{

int a[]=new int[10];

int i,even=0,odd=0,sum=0;

Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter 10 numbers\n");

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

a[i]=sc.nextInt();

System.out.println("********ARRAY ELEMENTS ARE **********\n");

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

System.out.print(a[i]+"\t");

sum=sum+a[i];

if(a[i]%2==0)

even++;

else

odd++;

System.out.println("\n\
n_____________________________________________________________________\n");

System.out.println(even+" elements are even");

System.out.println(odd+" elements are odd");

System.out.println("Sum of all array elements in array is "+sum);

} }

2D Array in Java
Syntax:

Datatype arrayname[][]=new Datatype[r][c];

Eg:

int a[][]=new a[3][3];

a[][]={{22,33,44},{13,54,35},{87,76,54}};

import java.util.*;

class TwoDArray

public static void main(String args[])

int a[][]=new int[3][3];

int i,j;

Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter 9 numbers\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

a[i][j]=sc.nextInt();

System.out.println("********ARRAY ELEMENTS ARE **********\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{
System.out.print(a[i][j]+"\t");

System.out.println();

1 2 3 1 1 3 2
4 5 6 5 5 4 6
7 8 9 9 7 9 8

1 2 3 1 2 3
4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9

Searching & sorting in an Array in java

 Bubble sort
 Selection sort
 Insertition sort
 Quik sort
 Merge sort
 Bucket sort
 Heap sort

Bubble sort

import java.util.*;
class Bubble_sort
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a[]=new int[5];
 int i,temp;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter 5 number ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Elements are :");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Elements after sorting are :");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
}
}

Selection Sort

Example:

import java.util.*;
class Selection_sort
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int a[]=new int[5];
int i ,j ,temp;
System.out.println("Enter five elements ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Elements are ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<5;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Elements after selection sort are ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
}
}

Insertition Sort
Example:

import java.util.*;
class Insert_sort
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int a[]=new int[5];
int i ,j ,k ,temp;
System.out.println("Enter five elements ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Elements are ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<5;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
temp=a[j];
for(k=j;k>i;k--)
{
a[k]=a[k-1];
}
a[k]=temp;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Elements after selection sort are ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
}
}
Searching in an array :

 Linear Search
 Binary Search

Linear Search

Example

import java.util.*;
class LiSearch
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a[]=new int[10];
int i , ele , flag=0;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter elements ");
for(i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
{
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Array elements are ");
for(i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
System.out.println("Enter a number to be search ");
ele=sc.nextInt();
for(i=0 ;i<10 ;i++)
{
if(ele==a[i])
{
flag=1;
break;
}
}
if(flag==1)
System.out.println("Element found "+ele);
else
System.out.println("Element not found "+ele);
}
}

Binary Search

Example:

import java.util.*;
class Bin_search
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a[]=new int[10];
int i , flag=0 ,ele ,u=9 ,l=0,m ;
Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter 10 elements ");
for(i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
{
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Elements are ");
for(i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
System.out.println("Enter element to be search");
ele=sc.nextInt();
while(l<=u)
{
m=(l+u)/2;
if(ele==a[m])
{
flag=1;
break;
}
else if(ele>a[m])
{
l=m+1;
}
else
{
u=m-1;
}
}
if(flag==1)
System.out.println("Element Found ");
else
System.out.println("Element not found");
}
}
OOPS CONCEPTS IN JAVA

class and Object : class is place where we can stores the functions and attributeof an
object whereas object is a blue print of a class.

Animal---------class

 DOG-------object
 CAT-------object
 RAT -------object

Syntax:

Access_specifier class class_name

{
Field decelearation/variables;
Methods
constructors
}

Field decelearation/variables in class

 Syntax:
Access specifier datatype field_name=value;
Eg:
int roll=101;
String name=”puneet”;

For access :

Objectname.feildname;
obj.roll;
obj.name

Example code :

class Student
{
String name;
int roll;
double per;
}
class Main_Oops_Ex
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Student stu=new Student();
stu.name="PUNEET";
stu.roll=101;
stu.per=98.87;
System.out.println("Student name is "+stu.name);
System.out.println("Student roll no is "+stu.roll);
System.out.println("Student percentage is "+stu.per);
}
}

Method in classes
 Syntax:

Access_specifier return_type method_name(Arguments)

{
…………..
…………..
…………..
}

import java.util.*;

class Employee
{
String name;
int id;
void emp_detail(String n , int i)
{
name=n;
id=i;
System.out.println("Employe name is "+name);
System.out.println("Employe id is "+id);
}
}
class Main_emp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String n;
int i;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter employe name ");
n=sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter employe id ");
i=sc.nextInt();
Employee emp=new Employee();
emp.emp_detail(n,i);
}
}

Constructor In Java
 Constructor is a special type of method which is used to instansiate the class
member to their default value.
Constructor automatically invoke at the time of object creation of a class.

Note # Constructor name should be same as class name

There are two type of constructor

1. Default Constructor
2. Parameterized Constructor

Default Constructor
Syntax :

Constructor_name()
{
……….
………
……..
}

Example :

class Demo
{
int a,b;
Demo()
{
System.out.println("Default constructor of Demo class invoked ");
}
void add(int x,int y)
{
a=x; b=y;
int c=a+b;
System.out.println("Addition of a and b is "+c);
}
}
class Default_cons
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Demo obj= new Demo();
obj.add(45,89);
}
}

Parameterized Constructor

Constructor_name(Arguments/Parameters)
{
……….
………
……..
}

Example

import java.util.*;
class Demo
{
int a,b;
Demo(int x ,int y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
void add()
{
int c=a+b;
System.out.println("Addition of a and b is "+c);
}
}
class Parameterized_cons
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter number in a");
a=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter number in b");
b=sc.nextInt();
Demo obj= new Demo(a,b);
obj.add();
}
}

this keyword in java

this is a reference keyword which is used to refer class members.

 this can be used to refer class variables.
 this can be used to refer class methods.
 this() can be used to refer constructor.

Example

class Student
{
String name;
int roll;
double per;
Student(String name ,int roll ,double per)
{
this.name=name;
this.roll=roll;
this.per=per;
}
void disp()
{
System.out.println("Student name is "+this.name);
System.out.println("Student roll is "+this.roll);
System.out.println("Student per is "+this.per);
}
}
class This_variable
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Student stu=new Student("puneet" ,101 ,87.98);
stu.disp();
}
}
Example 2

class Employee
{
String name;
int id;
Double salary;
void showData()
{
System.out.println("Employee name is "+name);
System.out.println("Employee id is "+id);
System.out.println("Employee salary is "+salary);
}
void getData(String n ,int i ,double s)
{
name=n;
id=i;
salary=s;
this.showData();
}
}
class This_method
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Employee emp=new Employee();
emp.getData("Puneet" , 101 , 87000.67);
}
}

Example 3

class Rectangle
{
int len ,br;
Rectangle()
{
System.out.println("Default Constructor of Rectangle class invoked");
}
Rectangle(int l ,int b)
{
this();
len=l;
br=b;
}
void area()
{
int res=len*br ;
System.out.println("Area of rectangle is "+res);
}
}
class This_constructor
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Rectangle rect=new Rectangle(60,120);
rect.area();
}
}

Method Overloading in java

Is also know as Compile time polymorphism(poly+ morphs).

Things to remember

1. Number of arguments
2. Type of arguments
3. Sequence of arguments

Number of arguments

void disp(int x)

………..

void disp(int x,int y)

………..
}

Obj.disp(5);

Obj.disp(7,9);

Type of arguments

void disp(int x ,int y)

………..

void disp(float x,float y)

………..

Obj.disp(5.87f ,7.12f);

Obj.disp(7,9);

Sequence of arguments

void disp(int x float y)

………..

void disp(float x,int y)

………..

Obj.disp(5.87f ,7);

Obj.disp(7,9.87f);
Example

class Demo
{
int a,b;
double c;
void calc(int x)
{
a=x;
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Square of a is "+(a*a));
}
void calc(int x ,int y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Area of rectangle is "+(a*b));
}
void calc(int x ,double y)
{
a=x;
c=y;
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Addition is "+(a+c));
System.out.println("Substraction is "+(a-c));
System.out.println("Multiplication is "+(a*c));
System.out.println("Division is "+(a/c));
}
}
class Main_methodOverloading
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Demo obj=new Demo();
obj.calc(5);
obj.calc(20,10);
obj.calc(50,12.76);
}
}
Inheritance in Java

There are 5 types of Inheritance in java .

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multilevel Inheritance
3. Multiple Inheritance
4. Hierarchial Inheritance
5. Hybrid Inheritance