Tonic Solfa
Music hi thil ri (sound)-in a siam a ni a. Chu ri chu mumal tak leh hunbi dika ri, awmze
nei leh kalhmang nei tur a ni thung. Ri siamtu (musical instrument) chi hrang hrang a awm thei.
Entirnan: Sava hram te, lui luang ri ker kerte, thereng hram te leh khawpui ri dur dur te leh ri
dang te, kalhmang nei leh mumal taka a rik chuan ‘Music/Rimawi’ a ni zel. Chutianga mumal
nei taka thil ri chu “Musical Tone” an ti a. Tin, a ri chu a lo sei deuh va, a lo rei deuh chuan
thuk (tune) an ti leh ta a ni. Chutianga rimawi (tone) chuan innghahna chi li a nei a. Chungte
chu:-
(i) A rik rei zawng (duration):- Rimawi chu a rik rei zawngin a awmzia a tidanglam
daih thei. Bengin chu ri chu kan hriat rei dan azirin keimahnia a thawh dan pawh a
danglam thin.
(ii) A ri san zawng (Pitch):- Ri siamtu (instrument)-in boruak a tihfawn tam dan
(frequency) azirin a ri chu a sangin a hniam thin.
(iii) A rik rin zawng (Intensity/Volume):- Ri chu eng ang taka nem leh uar nge a ni tih
tehna a ni.
(iv) A ri mawina (Timbre/Tone colour):- Ri reng reng a mawina leh a duhawmna chu
a ri siamtu lenzawng te, pianhmang te leh thatna (quality) ah a innghat. Tingtang ri chu
Piano ri nen a hrang daih. A chhan chu a ri siamtu a inan loh vang a ni.
Engnge Tonic Solfa?
Tonic Solfa chu aw atana hman tura siam, Musical tone chhinchhiahna a ni. Hetiangah
hi chuan thil ri zan zawng chu hawrawp (alphabet)-in (d, r, m, f, s, l, t) an chhinchhiah thin.
Standard Scale
Ri hi boruak fawnin a siam a ni a. Chutianga ri fawn chu 'Vibration' an ti a ni. Chu ri
Second khata vawi 256 fawn chu a hmingah 'C' an vuah a. 'C' chu ri bulpui ber leh ri dang tehna
bulpui atan hman a lo ni ta a ni.
'C' chu ri hniam ber leh a bulthuta hmang chuan a sang lamah siam chhovin ri chi hrang
hrang pasarih (7) an lo ni ta a. Chu'ngte chu : C, D, E, F, G, A, B te an ni a. Heng ri pasarihte
hi a chunglam bulthut thleng (C-C1) hian ri pariat (8) an lo ni ta a, chu ri bu khat chu 'Octave'
an ti a ni. (Octa.Gr - Eight)
Relative Scale
Standard Scale (C, D, E....) ri te chu hawrawp chi sarih (d, r, m, f, s, l, t) hmangin entir
an ni a. Chutianga tarlanna chu "Relative" Scale" an ti a ni. Tin, Relative Scale hi "Modulator"
an ti bawk. Standard Scale leh Relative Scale te inlaichin dan chu hetiang hi a ni:-
STANDARD SCALE RELATIVE SCALE
1 1
C - DOH - d1
B - TE/SI - t
A - LAH - l
G - SOL/SOH - s
F - FA/FAH - f
E - ME - m
D - RAY - r
C - DOH - d
Heng Relative Scale-a ri chi hrang hrangte hi 'Note' an ti bawk thin.
Interval
Standard Scale leh Relative Scale-a note chi hrang hrangte inkar
hi 'Interval' an ti. Heng inkarte erawh hi chu a inchen vek lo. Entirnan : d-
r, r-m, f-s, s-l, l-t te ai hian m-f leh t-d1 te hi an inkar a zim zawk.
(i) Full Tone (Ri puitling):- Heng sol-fa note inkar: d-r, r-m, f-s,
s-l, l-t, de-re, m-fe, t-de1, etc te hi Full tone (ri puitling) an ni. An inkar
hi a chanve-a then theih a ni.
(ii) Semi/Half Tone (Ri chanve):- Heng sol-fa note inkar, m-f, t-
d, d-de, r-re, s-se, de- r, f-fe, se-l, etc te hi Semi tone/Half tone (ri chanve)
an ti a. A chanvea then theih loh a ni. A inkar hi ri chanve chauh a ni.
Chutiang ri chanve te chu Sharp (#) leh Flat (b) tiin a hming an vuah.
Vuak Chi Hrang Hrang Te (Pulse)
Rimawi leh hla reng reng hi mumal taka a rik loh chuan a nihna leh a hlutna a bo thin.
Chutianga mawi tak leh mumal taka a rik theihna atan chuan a rik hun vawn dik a ngai a.
Chutianga a rik hun vawngtu chu Vuak an ti mai a. Chu chu sap hovin Beat emaw Pulse emaw
an ti thin. Tin chutiang vuak ran/chak zawng chu Speed emaw Tempo emaw an ti bawk thin.
Tonic Solfa-ah hian vuak chi thum a awm. Chungte chu :-
Bar pui (|) :- Barpui a awm apiangin vuak tur a ni. Tin, Barpui ding lam chiaha solfa note awm
kha lam/tum uar tur a ni a, nghet taka lam/tum tur a ni.
Bar te (\) :- Bar te ah hian vuak tur a ni bawk. Bar te dinglam solfa note kha sak/lam pangngaia
tihrik tur a ni.
Colon (:) :- Colon-ah pawh hian vuak zel tur a ni. Hemi hi a lo lan apiangin a bul ding lama
Solfa note kha nem/uar lo zawka sak tur a ni.
I. Pulse Measure (Vuak)
Pulse chu rimawi hun vawngtua vuak a ni a. Measure chu Bar leh Bar inkara solfa vuak
zat sawina a ni. Pulse Measure chi hrang hrang a awm. Chu’ngte chu :-
1) Vuak hnih (2 pulse):- Vuak hnih chu Bar pui leh colon pakhatin a siam. Entirna: KHB-
48
2) Vuak thum (3 pulse):- Vuak thum chu Bar pui leh colon pahnihin a siam, Entirna: KHB-
16
3) Vuak Li (4 pulse):- Vuak li chu bar pui, bar te leh colon pahnihin a siam. Entirna: KHB-
1
Note: Heng, Vuak hnih, vuak thum leh vuak li te hi Simple Time an ti a. Chumi awmzia
chu vuakna chhinchhiahna tinahte hian vuak/chhut/lam tur a ni.
4) Vuak Ruk (6 pulse):- Vuak ruk chu bar pui, bar te leh colon paliin a siam. Vuak ruk hi
vuak hnih-ah an thlep bawk thin. Entirna: KHB-150
5) Vuak Kua (9 pulse):- Vuak kua chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pahnih leh colon parukin a
siam. Entirnan : KHB-214
6) Vuak Sawm pahnih (12 pulse):- Vuak sawmpahnih chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pathum
leh colon pariatin a siam. Entirna: KHB-214
Note: Heng vuak ruk, vuak kua leh vuak sawmpahnih te hi a thlepin an sa thin bawk a.
Chutianga an thleh thin chu Compound Time an ti a ni.
II. Vuak Thensawm
Vuak khat hi a hla/rimawi thluk a zirin an thensawm thin a, chu chuan sak a tinuamin
a timawi thei hle thin.
1) Vuak Chanve: Vuak khat (vuak leh vuak inkar) hi a lai takah an then a, chu chu chhun
han/dot (.)-in an chhinchhiah thin.
2) Vuak khat hmun thuma then: Vuak khat hi a sei zawng intiat theuhvin hmun thuamah
an then a, chu chu comma letling (;)-in an chhinchhiah thin a ni. Sak kat loh tur a ni.
Entirna: KHB-254, KHB-276
3) Vuak khat hmun lia then: Vuak khat hi hmun liah hetiang hian an then bawk thin.
Entirnan: KHB-347
III. Chhinchhiahna Dangte
1) Thlukna: Barpui, Bar te, colon, dot, comma te zawha a lo awm chuan thluk tur tihna a
ni. A hma chiaha vuak hlut zawng chiah thluk tur a ni.
2) Chawlhna (Rest): Hetianga Barpui, barte, colon leh dot a lo awmin a vuak hlut zat bak
thluk loh tur, vuak ringawt tur tihna a ni.
Chhinchhiahna Pawimawh Zualte
1. Regular slur (__): Solfa hnuaia rin a awm chuan slur tur a ni.
2. Irregular slur (…..): Solfa note hnuaiah hetiang hi a awm a nih chuan a note pangngai kha
sak mai tur a ni a. A thu a awm lo a nih erawh chuan slur pangngai anga slur tur a ni. Hetiang
Irregular slur hi chu hla thu lam inzat lovah an hmang thin.
3. Double Bar (||): Hla tawp, Music hlawm tawp-ah an dah ber thin. A laihawlah a awm zeuh
zeuh bawk. Duh chen chen thluk/vuak theih a ni. eg: KHB-58
4. Repetition of words (://:): Hetiang chhinchhiahna hi Solfa note chunga a lo awmin a hma
chiaha hla thu khan khami Chhinchhiahna awmna zawn atang khan hman leh mai tur a ni. eg:
KHB 63
5. Pause/Parsses/fermata (< leh >): Solfa note chungah emaw, a hnuaiah emaw he
chhinchhiahna hi a awm chuan duh chen chen thluk theih a ni. Tin, Barpui chungah a awm
chuan duh chen chen chawlh (rest) theih a ni thung. eg: KHB-
6. De Capo (D.C): Solfa tlar laihawlah emaw, a tlar tawpah emaw 'D.C' a lo awm chuan a solfa
tlar bulah let leh tur a ni. eg: KHB-58
7. Dal Segno (D.S): Solfa tlara a lo awm chuan segno (0) awmnaah let leh tur a ni. eg: KHB-
133
