PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-||
UNIT-01
- INTRODUCTION
- DISPERSED SYSTEM AND ITS TYPE
- MOLECULAR DISPERSION
- COLLOIDAL DISPERSION
- PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
- EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTE
- PEPTIZATION
- PROTECTIVE COLLOID ACTION
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TOPICS INDEX
मेरे चैनल में आपका स्वागत है
Sr.
TOPIC PAGE NO. %
No
01 Introduction 1-2
02 Dispersed system and its types 2-3
03 Molecular Dispersion 3-5
04 Colloidal solution and it's classification 5-6
05 Properties of colloids 6-12
06 Effects of electrolyte 12-13
07 Peptization 13-16
08 Protective colloid action 16-18
Drx Samar Khan
[Smart Pharmacy Wallah]
SYLLABUS
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-|| (THEORY)
BP-403T
Drx Samar Khan
[Smart Pharmacy Wallah]
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS
FOURTH SEMESTER
* DISPERSED SYSTEM
"Dispersed means spread or scatter"
_
Hence, we can simply say that, "dispersed system is a heterogeneous system in which
solute (dispersed phase) is spreader into solvent (dispersed medium).
Dispersed Phase Dispersion medium
[solute] [solvents]
Dispersed Phase
Dispersion medium
[Dispersed System]
* TYPES OF DISPERSED SYSTEM
1)- Molecular dispersion
2)- Colloidal dispersion
3)- Coarse dispersion
COLLOIDAL DISPERSION
_ The word colloidal dispersion is made up of two words namely as :-
Colloidal
[ ]
Dispersion
means particle which [refers to the spread/scatter]
have 1nm to 1000 nm size
_
Hence, we can simply say that, " colloidal dispersion is a heterogeneous system in
solute particle which have 1nm to 1000nm size are spreader into solvent".
_ And, these substance is known as colloids.
Dispersed Phase
Dispersion medium
[COLLOIDS]
TYPES OF COLLOIDAL DISPERSED SYSTEM
1)- Based on dispersion medium used
2)- Based on interaction between colloidal phase
1)- BASED ON DISPERSION MEDIUM USED
_
On the basis of dispersion medium (solvent) colloids are classified into various
types.
2)- BASED ON INTERACTION BETWEEN COLLOIDAL PHASE
_ On the basis of interaction between dispersed phase (solute) and dispersed
medium (solvent) colloids are classified into three types.
1)- Lyophillic colloids
2)- Lyophobic colloids
3)- Association colloids
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LYOPHILLIC, LYOPHOBIC AND ASSOCIATED COLLOIDS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LYOPHILLIC, LYOPHOBIC AND ASSOCIATED COLLOIDS
Sr.No PROPERTIES LYOPHILLIC LYOPHOBIC ASSOCIATION
1- Nature Liquid loving colloids Liquid hating colloids. Joined together by surfactant.
2- Prepration Easy Special methods required Depend on surfactant
3- Size of Particle Small Large Small
4- Light scattering Less More Vary
5- Charge Less charged Highly Charged Charged
6- Reversibility Reversible Non-Reversible Reversible
7- Stability More Stable Less Stable
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
OPTICAL ELECTRICAL KINETIC
__ Tyndall effect __
Electrophoresis
__ Ultramicroscope
__ Electrical double
__
Electron microscope
layer
BROWNIAN MOTION DIFFUSION
SEDIMENTATION
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
_ Optical means light so, colloids shows following properties when light passed
through them :-
1) - TYNDALL EFFECT
_ Faraday Tyndall in 1869 observed that when a beam of light passed through
colloidal solution.
_
So, light scattered due to presence of solid particles and path of light gets
illuminated this is called Tyndall effect.
_
True solutions does not show this Tyndall effect.
Not visible
2) - ULTRA MICROSCOPE
_ When an intense light beam is passed through colloidal solution against
dark background.
_ So, particle will appear bright spots and they can be counted under ultra
microscope.
Not visible
3) - ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
_
Electron microscope is used to yields actual picture of particles.
_
It helps in the observation of size, shape and structure of colloidal particles.
KINETIC PROPERTIES
_
Kinetic means motion and these properties are related to motion of colloidal
particles.
_ There are following kinetic properties likely as :-
__ Brownian motion
__
Diffusion
__
Sedimentation
__
Viscosity
1) - BROWNIAN MOTION
_
This concept was given by "Robert brown".
_ According to him " colloid particles do not settle but they are in continuous
motion and this motion is called Brownian motion.
_ It can be seen by microscope.
___________ Brownian motion
Colloids
2) - DIFFUSION
_
Colloids have diffusion property.
_
They move from higher concentrations to lower concentrations area until
equilibirium achived.
3) - SEDIMENTATION
_ It is the process of setting down of dispersed particles into bottom due to
gravity.
_
It depends on particle weight.
4) - VISCOSITY
_
Viscisity is nothing but resistant to flow of fluid under applied stress.
Viscosity is directly proportional to molecular weight
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Colloids also show electrical properties.
These properties are related to charge or ability of colloid to conduct current
likrly as -
__
Electrophoresis
__
Electrical double layer
1)- ELECTROPHORESIS
_ When electrical field is applied on colloidal solution so, colloidal particles moves
towatds oppositely charged electrode.
_
And this phenomenon is known as electrophoresis.
_
The rate of movement of colloidal particles directly related to zeta potential.
2) - ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER
_
Some scientists proposed a theory that colloids show electrical double layer.
According to this theory :-
__ Particles of colloids contain positive/negative charge and it attracts other
opposite charge and form tightly bound layer.
__ Besides this layer, there is a another loosely bound layer of other ion layer.
__ And these both layer called electrical double layer.
Drx Samar Khan
[Smart Pharmacy Wallah]
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