1
1 Fig. 1.1 shows an electric circuit containing a filament lamp, a resistor R, a 12 V battery and five
meters.
12 V
ammeter ammeter
A A
A1 A3
ammeter
A2
resistor R
A
V V
voltmeter voltmeter
V1 V2
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) The reading on ammeter A1 is 0.25 A.
The reading on voltmeter V1 is 3.0 V.
Determine the readings on the other meters.
0.25 A
reading on ammeter A2 = ............................................................ A
0.25 A
reading on ammeter A3 = ............................................................ A
8v
reading on voltmeter V2 = ........................................................... V
[2]
(ii) Calculate the resistance of resistor R.
resistance of resistor R = ..................................................... Ω [2]
2
(iii) The resistor obeys Ohm’s law.
State Ohm’s law.
ohms law states that current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage applied
...........................................................................................................................................
given that temperature and other physical factos remain constant
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the current–voltage graph for the filament lamp.
0.40
0.30
current / A
0.20
0.10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
voltage / V
Fig. 1.2
The battery in Fig. 1.1 is replaced with a different battery which has a different e.m.f.
(electromotive force).
The voltage across the lamp increases to 6.0 V.
Use data from the graph to determine the e.m.f. of the second battery.
Show your working.
e.m.f. = ...................................................... V [3]
[Total: 9]
3
2 Fig. 3.1 shows a circuit containing three resistors, a 12 V power supply and an ammeter.
12 V
+ –
A
400 Ω 200 Ω 100 Ω
Fig. 2.1
(a) Calculate the current in the 400 Ω resistor.
current = ...................................................... A [2]
(b) Calculate the power produced in the 400 Ω resistor.
power = ..................................................... W [2]
(c) A student uses all of the components shown in Fig. 2.1 in another circuit.
She connects them so that there is the largest possible current in each resistor.
The current in one of the resistors is larger than the current in the other two resistors. The
student connects the ammeter into the circuit to measure the current in this resistor.
Draw the circuit diagram of the arrangement. Label each resistor with the value of its
resistance.
[2]
[Total: 6]
4
3 A filament lamp is arranged above a shiny metal surface, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
shiny metal filament lamp
surface
Fig. 3.1
A student reads in a textbook that a light-emitting diode (LED) is more efficient than a filament
lamp.
(a) (i) State what is meant by ‘efficiency’.
...........................................................................................................................................
ratio of useful energy output to total energy
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest why the efficiency of a filament lamp is very low.
more electrical energy is converted nto hea energy instaed of light energy
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The student considers replacing the filament lamp shown in Fig. 3.1 with an LED of the same
brightness.
Data about the filament lamp and a suitable LED are shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
input power / W energy efficiency
filament lamp 120 6.2%
LED 15 –
The LED emits the same amount of visible light as the filament lamp.
Using this information and the data in Table 3.1, determine the efficiency of the LED.
efficiency = ..................................................... % [2]
5
(c) The filament lamp is connected to the live and neutral wires in the mains supply.
The earth wire in the mains supply is connected to the shiny metal surface shown in Fig. 3.1.
There is a fuse in the live wire.
By accident, the live wire touches the shiny metal surface.
(i) Describe what then happens.
fuse blows up
...........................................................................................................................................
excessive current is earthed
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) In another similar lamp, the fuse is wrongly connected into the earth wire.
Explain why a person is not protected when the live wire touches the shiny metal surface.
excessive current flows in the device and the person touching it can be electrocuted
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
6
4 Fig. 4.1 shows part of a circuit containing a 240 V mains supply connected to a lamp and two
heaters of resistance 40 Ω and 60 Ω.
240 V
a.c. mains 40 Ω 60 Ω
supply
Fig. 4.1
(a) Complete Fig. 4.1 by drawing the symbol for a fuse in the gap in the circuit. [1]
(b) (i) On Fig.4.2 sketch a current−voltage graph for a filament lamp.
current
0
0 voltage
Fig. 4.2
[1]
(ii) Explain the shape of the current−voltage graph drawn in (i).
filament lamp is a variable resistor it bends towards voltage axis and a voltage is directly
...........................................................................................................................................
proportional to resistance so resistance increases and current decreases
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Calculate the current at point P in the circuit shown in Fig. 4.1.
current = ...................................................... A [3]
7
(d) The current in the lamp is 1.5 A.
(i) Suggest a suitable fuse rating for the fuse.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why a fuse rating much larger than the value in (i) is not suitable.
current too high can pass through into the device which can cause overeating or potential damage
...........................................................................................................................................
to the device
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Explain why it is necessary to connect a fuse in the live wire rather than the neutral wire
or earth wire.
live wire is a high potential wire
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]
