KABULONGA GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL

GRADE 12 END OF TERM 1 TEST 2025

GEOGRAPHY
DURATION: 1 Hour 50 Minutes
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
SECTION A: Map work and Basic Techniques
Questions 1 to 12 are based on the 1: 50 000 map extract of Glendale (Zimbabwe)

1. What is the six-figure grid reference of the deep tank station south of Mwenje Dam?
A. 894864 B. 468498 C. 864894 D. 984864
2. What man-made feature is found at grid reference 8877?
A. Dam B. Dip Tank C. River D. Island
3. What is the approximated area of Mwenje Dam?
A. 3.5 km² B. 7 km² C. 6 km D. 4 km
4. Calculate the distance of Mwenje river from the dam wall to the river confluence with river
Murowodzi.
A. 6 m B. 11 km C. 8 km D. 15 m
5. What is the bearing of the Aerodrome land area in grid 9276 from the clinic in grid 9480?
A. 225º B. 90º C. 45º D. 180º
6. Why is there no farming in the south end of the map extract between easting 96-02 and
northing 74-75?
B. Its traditional land B. It is Hilly C. Lack of fertile land D. Presence of Pests
7. The presence of the man-made feature in grid 9575 signifies?
A. Rapids B. Human sacrifice C. Ranching D. Grave site
8. The following are present in grid refence 9287 except?
A. Villages B. Police Station C. Bridge D. River
9. What happens at a Quarry?
A. Fishing B. Farming C. Mining D. Forest
10. What is the direction of the Murowodzi River?
A. North West B. North East C. South D. South West
11. Which range of services is evident in Glendale?
A. District Administration Office, Sports field and Post Office
B. School, Health services and Sports field
C. Market, Post Office and Sports field
D. Post and Telegraph Agency, Police Station and Hotel
12. According to map evidence, what is the main economic activity in Glendale?
A. Mining B. Faming C. Fishing D. Tourism
SECTION B: Elements of Physical Geography
13. What is the closest time to midnight?
A. 11:55 am B. 12:06 am C. 11:50 am D. 12:03 am
14. Moscow and Nairobi are on the same line of longitude (37ºE), it can thus be deduced that…..
 A. They are of equal distance from the equator B. Have similar hours of daylight on 21 June C.
They have noon at the same time D. Dawn is of the same duration in both places
15. The captain of an ocean liner observed that the longitude of his ship was 75ºW. When the
time in London is 11:00 hours (11:00 a.m.), the time in the liner would be
A. 05:00 (5 a.m.) B. 15:00 (3 p.m.) C. 06:00 (6 a.m.) D. 16:00 (4 p.m.)
16. Which of the following is associated with an earthquake?
A. Avalanche B. Landslide C. Soil Creep D. Soil Erosion
17. Which of the following is not a process of chemical weathering?
A. Decomposition B. Frost Action C. Oxidation D. Solution
18. The Coriolis force of the earth is responsible for all of the following effects except …
A. Ocean currents B. Deflection of winds
C. Tumbling down of rocks from Hills C. Flattening of the earth’s poles
19. Which mountains are by far the most widespread and also most important?
A. Horst B. Residual C. Volcanic D. Fold
20. Study the diagram below showing a delta.

What features are represented by R and S

A. R-estuary S-lagoon B. R-estuary S-lagoon
C. R-lagoon S-distributary D. R-Oxbow Lake S-distributary
21. Study the diagram below.

The diagram shows a meandering river. At what point A, B, C or D is an Ox-bow Lake likely to
come first?
22. What is the process by which a river deepens its channel?
A. Abrasion B. Headward erosion C. Lateral erosion D. Vertical erosion
23. At what stage of the river are economic activities such as wet padi farming, fishing, basket
making, and cattle grazing most viable?
A. Youth Stage B. Mature Stage C. Rejuvenation Stage D. Old Stage
24. Regarding the greenhouse effect, what role do the greenhouse gases play?
A. Allow more heat from the sun to enter the atmosphere B. Generate the additional
heat through chemical reactions C. Help humid air to hold more heat within the
atmosphere D. Trap heat that is reflected from the surface of the earth
25. An atmospheric region where there is intense heating with expanding air and ascending
convection currents is known as the ………
A. Doldrums B. High Pressure Zone C. Horse Latitudes D. Westerlies
26. Study the diagram below.

What climatic condition is likely to occur at location A?

A. Cloudy B. Cool C. Rainy D. Warm
27. What causes convectional rainfall?
A. Air crossing a cool ocean B. Descending of warm air C. Rising of air over a
mountain D. Rising of heated air
28. Readings taken from a simple hygrometer are used to calculate …
A. absolute Humidity B. cloud Cover C. relative humidity D. temperature
Study the climatic table below and answer questions 29 and 30.

29. From which climatic region would the above data be drawn?
A. Equatorial region B. Mediterranean region C. Tropical Region D. Tropical
monsoon
30. How does vegetation adapt to the climatic conditions shown above?
A. Trees are deciduous, long tap roots and broad trunks
B. Trees are halophytic, have long roots and thick succulent stems
C. Trees are xerophytic, short branches with few leaves and have no shade
D. Trees have broad leaves and slender trunks
31. Which one of the following climatic features is characteristic of hot deserts?
A. Light winds with no prevailing direction
B. Low relative humidity throughout the year
C. Less than 250mm of annual rainfall
D. Small daily range of temperature
32. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of vegetation in cool temperate regions?
A. Broad leaves B. Bulbous roots C. Cone shaped trees D. Waxy leaves
 SECTION C: Elements of World Human Geography
33. Study the map below.

The main reason why areas labelled X and Y are sparsely populated is that they…..
A. Are dry and infertile B. Are mountainous C. Have thick forests D. Have large ranches
34. Study the diagram below

Which one of the following best explains the sharper increase in population in developing
regions between 1950 and 2000?
A. Existence of policies on early marriages
B. Family values and improvements in medical facilities
C. High prevalence of births of twins and triplets
D. Use of contraceptives by many families

35. Which of the following refers to the permanent movement of professionals out of a country?
A. Brain Drain B. Emigration C. Immigration D Migration
36. A country is said to have an optimum population when the …
A. Dependence ratio balances with the ratio of workers
B. Developed natural resources are much more than what the population requires
C. Developed natural resources do not meet the needs of its population
D. Number of people is in balance with the developed natural resources.
37. Which one of the following types of farming is not commonly practiced in the tropics?
A. Mechanized cereal cultivation
B. Oriental Agriculture
C. Plantation agriculture
D. Sedentary cultivation
38. Which one of the following crops might lead to deforestation during its processing stage?
A. Cotton B. Maize C. Sugar cane D. Wheat
39. Which of the following crops are grown under shifting cultivation?
A. Barley & millet B. Cassava & maize C. Sorghum & rice D. Wheat & ground nuts
40. Which type of farming is largely associated with the production of sugar cane, rubber and
coffee?
A. Intensive farming B. Plantation farming C. Semi-permanent D. Shifting cultivation
41. “Once the crop is harvested, the pods are split open. The beans are separated from the pulp,
fermented, dried, packed and exported”
A. Cocoa B. Cotton C. Rice D. Tea
42. Which one of the following crops requires the following growing conditions?
i) Summer rain of 890mm; ii) Temperature of about 21°C; iii) Deep, well-drained soil
A. Coffee B. Maize C. Sugar cane D. Wheat
43. Which one of the following sources of electric power is environmentally friendly?
A. Charcoal B. Nuclear power C. Solar Power D. Thermal Power
44. Which one of the following energy sources leads to contamination of soils by radioactive
materials?
A. Charcoal B. Nuclear power C. Solar Power D. Thermal Power
45. Which one of the following continents has the best developed waterpower potential?
A. Africa B. Asia C. Australia D. South America
46. The type of coal which produces the greatest heat per volume and it’s the cleanest is …
A. Anthracite B. Bituminous C. Lignite D. Peat
47. The Iron Ore which is reddish and extracted from sedimentary rock is …..
A. Haematite B. Limonite C. Magnetite D. Siderite
48. Which of the listed groups contains two of iron ore and two of coal?
A. Bituminous, lignite, peat, siderite
B. Haematite, lignite, limonite, anthracite
C. Magnetite, haematite, lignite, limonite
D. Siderite, peat, anthracite, bituminous
49. In the refining of oil which of the following products is extracted at the highest temperature?
A. Bitumen B. Diesel C. Kerosene D. Petrol
50. Which of the following is not a characteristic of HEP? It …..
A. Can be transmitted over long distances
B. Is a wasting asset
C. Is easy to use
D. Is renewable
SECTION D: Zambia
1. a) With reference to tourism in Zambia;
(i) Describe how annual traditional ceremonies are a source of revenue and pride to the Zambian
people.
1. Source of Revenue
• Tourism and Hospitality: Traditional ceremonies attract tourists, including local and
international visitors, who spend money on accommodation, food, transport, and souvenirs.
This boosts the hospitality industry.
• Cultural Products and Handicrafts: Local artisans and craftsmen sell traditional attire,
beadwork, and sculptures, generating income for small businesses and individuals.
• Government Revenue: The influx of visitors leads to increased business activities, which
contribute to government revenue through taxes and tourism levies.
• Job Creation: Temporary employment opportunities arise for locals, including tour
guides, transport providers, and event organizers, enhancing livelihoods.
2. Source of Pride
• Cultural Preservation: These ceremonies help Zambians celebrate and pass on their
traditions, customs, and values to future generations.
• National Unity: They bring together people from different tribes and backgrounds,
promoting unity and appreciation of Zambia’s diverse cultural heritage.
• International Recognition: Some ceremonies, like the Kuomboka and Nc’wala, attract
international media coverage, boosting Zambia’s image globally.
• Identity and Belonging: For many Zambians, participating in traditional ceremonies
strengthens their sense of identity and belonging to their ethnic groups. [4]

(ii) Explain the type of infrastructure that have recently been developed or improved in order to
support the tourism industry:
1. Transport Infrastructure
• Road Networks: Major roads leading to tourist sites, such as the Great North Road and
access roads to national parks (e.g., South Luangwa, Kafue, and Lower Zambezi), have
been upgraded to improve connectivity.
• Airports and Airstrips: Airports such as Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (Lusaka),
Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe Airport (Ndola), and Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International
 Airport (Livingstone) have been expanded and modernized to handle more flights and
improve passenger experience. Small airstrips near national parks have also been improved
for easy access to remote destinations.
• Railway and Water Transport: Efforts have been made to revamp railway transport and
water transport on lakes such as Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kariba to enhance connectivity
for tourists.
2. Accommodation and Hospitality
• Hotels and Lodges: New high-end hotels, safari lodges, and budget accommodations have
been developed near major tourist sites like Victoria Falls, national parks, and traditional
ceremony venues.
• Eco-tourism Facilities: Sustainable lodges and campsites have been built in game reserves
and rural areas to promote eco-friendly tourism.
3. ICT and Digital Infrastructure
• Internet and Mobile Network Expansion: Improved network coverage and broadband
internet access in tourist areas allow visitors to stay connected and share their experiences
online.
• Online Booking Systems: Many hotels, tour operators, and national parks now offer
digital platforms for booking accommodations, park entry, and activities, making trip
planning easier.
4. Tourist Facilities and Services
• Visitor Centers and Information Hubs: Tourist information centers have been
established in key locations to provide guidance and promote local attractions.
• Cultural and Heritage Sites: Restoration and maintenance of historical sites, museums,
and traditional ceremony venues have improved the experience for visitors.
• Safety and Health Facilities: Medical centers and emergency response services have been
improved in key tourist areas to ensure visitor safety. [4]

b) With reference to Sumbu National Park, describe the problems affecting tourism there currently:
1. Poor Road Infrastructure
• The park is in a remote location, and access roads are in poor condition, especially during
the rainy season.
 • Limited investment in road maintenance makes it difficult for tourists to reach the park by
land.
2. Limited Accommodation and Facilities
• There are few high-quality lodges and campsites within and around the park, making it less
attractive to tourists seeking comfort.
• Basic visitor facilities, such as information centers and guided tour services, are lacking or
underdeveloped.
3. Low Promotion and Awareness
• Compared to other national parks like South Luangwa and Kafue, Sumbu receives little
marketing and promotion.
• Many potential tourists, both local and international, are unaware of the park’s attractions.
4. Poaching and Wildlife Depletion
• Illegal hunting and fishing activities have reduced some wildlife populations, affecting
game-viewing experiences.
• Conservation efforts are in place but need more funding and enforcement to control
poaching.
5. Human-Wildlife Conflict
• Surrounding communities depend on the lake and land for fishing and farming, leading to
conflicts between local people and wildlife.
• Some animals, such as elephants and hippos, damage crops, leading to hostility towards
conservation efforts.
6. Lack of Investment in Tourism Development
• Compared to better-known parks, Sumbu has received limited government and private
sector investment.
• The lack of tourism-related businesses, such as tour operators and adventure activity
providers, limits visitor experiences. [4]
[12]

SECTION D: Sub Region

1. Regarding mining in Angola

a) Angola became a member of OPEC in 2007.

What do the acronym OPEC stand for? Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries [2]

b) Explain how oil mining negatively affects the socio and economic aspect……………………..

1. Socio-Cultural Impacts

• Displacement of Communities: Oil extraction often requires large areas of land, leading

to the forced displacement of local communities, loss of homes, and disruption of

traditional ways of life.

• Health Hazards: Exposure to air and water pollution from oil spills and gas flaring can

cause respiratory diseases, skin conditions, and other health issues for nearby populations.

• Conflicts and Social Unrest: Unequal distribution of oil revenues, land disputes, and

environmental damage often lead to tensions and violent conflicts between communities,

governments, and oil companies.

• Loss of Traditional Livelihoods: Oil mining can destroy agricultural land and fishing

waters, leading to job losses for farmers and fishers who depend on natural resources for

survival.

2. Economic Impacts

• Over-Reliance on Oil (Resource Curse): Countries that depend heavily on oil revenues

often neglect other sectors like agriculture and manufacturing, making their economies

vulnerable to price fluctuations in the global oil market.

• Environmental Damage Leading to Economic Losses: Oil spills and pollution destroy

ecosystems, reducing agricultural productivity and fish stocks, which can lead to long-term

economic hardship for affected communities.

• Inflation and Cost of Living: The presence of oil wealth can lead to price increases in

local markets, making basic goods and services unaffordable for ordinary citizens.
 • Limited Employment Opportunities: While oil extraction generates revenue, it does not

create many jobs for local populations, as the industry is highly mechanized and often

employs foreign experts. [4]

c) Name mafia mining group. UNITA illegally mined and traded diamonds [1]

d) Apart from its use as a fuel what are other the uses of petroleum………………………….

1. Petrochemical Production

Petroleum is a major source of petrochemicals, which are chemicals derived from oil and natural

gas. These petrochemicals are used to manufacture a variety of products, including:

• Plastics (e.g., polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene)

• Fertilizers (e.g., ammonia, urea)

• Synthetic rubber (used in tires and other products)

• Detergents and soaps

• Cosmetics (e.g., lotions, lip balms, perfumes)

2. Lubricants

Petroleum is refined into lubricants like motor oils, greases, and other products used to reduce

friction in machines, engines, and industrial equipment. This is crucial for the smooth functioning

of vehicles and machinery across sectors like automotive, aviation, and manufacturing.

3. Asphalt and Road Construction

Asphalt, which is derived from petroleum, is primarily used in the construction of roads,

highways, and runways. It provides a durable, weather-resistant surface for roads and is also used

in roofing materials.

4. Pharmaceuticals
Petroleum-based products are used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drugs,

ointments, and medical supplies. For instance:

• Vaseline (petroleum jelly) is used in skin care and wound healing products.

• Certain medications and vitamins are synthesized from petroleum derivatives.

5. Synthetic Fabrics and Textiles

Many synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, acrylic, and spandex are made from petroleum-

based chemicals. These fabrics are used in clothing, upholstery, and industrial applications.

6. Industrial Chemicals

Petroleum is a raw material for many industrial chemicals, which are used in the production of

various goods. These include:

• Solvents (used in paints, cleaning products, and coatings)

• Paints and coatings

• Insecticides and pesticides

7. Waxes

Petroleum is used to produce paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax, which are utilized in

products like candles, coatings for fruits and vegetables, cosmetics, and packaging.

8. Electric Power Generation (Indirectly)

Though the direct use of petroleum for generating electricity is less common today compared to

natural gas or coal, some power plants still use diesel or heavy fuel oil to generate electricity,

especially in regions where other fuel sources are scarce.

9. Chemicals for Agriculture

Petroleum is essential for producing various agricultural chemicals, including herbicides,

fungicides, and pesticides, which are used to protect crops from pests and diseases.
10. Carbon Black

Petroleum is used to make carbon black, a material primarily used in the production of tires, inks,

and coatings. It is produced by burning petroleum in a controlled environment [5]

[12]