CHM 101 QUESTIONS

1. Which of the atomic particle carries a positive charge? Proton

2. ……………atomic orbital is spherical in shape. S-orbital
3. ……………. is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a
sublevel for which l = 3. 14
4. …………….. is the neutral atom of an element that has 2 electrons in the first energy
level, 8 in the second energy level and 8 in the third energy level. Argon
5. The electron was discovered by ? J.J Thompson
6. What is the formula for a mass number of an atom? Number of proton + Number of
neutron
7. An atom has mass number 37 and atomic number 17.---- is the number of protons. 17
8. ………. and ………. is responsible for the mass of an atom? Proton and neutron
9. …………………is the atomic number of an atom? Number of proton
10. Nickel has atomic number 28. Write out its electronic configuration in spdf notation.
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁸
11. If both the K and L shells are full………………is the atomic number of that element? 2,8
12. ------------- determines the chemical properties of an element. Number of valence
electrons
13. Atoms that have the same mass number and different atomic number are called…………..
Isobars
14. ……………. proposed the atomic theory. John Dalton
15. The electronic configuration of an element with atomic number 20 is -------------------
2,8,8,2
16. ……………….. makes an atom different from an ion. Presence of a charge
17. The maximum mass of an atom is concentrated in ………………… The nucleus
18. ………… is the difference between two isotopes of the same element. Mass number or
number of neutrons
19. ………………. is the electronic configuration for oxygen in spdf notation 1s²2s²2p⁴
20. Molecular mass is defined ……………………………………………………. Molecular
mass is defined as the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule of a substance
21. The smallest particle of an element which can take part in any chemical change is known
as …………… Atom
22. The atomic number is the number of ……………………………………………….
Proton
23. By exposure of electrons beams on atoms and observing their behavior upon the fall of
the beam can help to determine its ………………………… Charge
24. The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom gives…………………. Number Mass
number
25. The elements which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
are called ………………………. Isotopes
26. The proton number is denoted by the symbol……………… Z
27. When electrons are passed through the electromagnetic field, electrons are deflected
away from……………. Plate. Negative charged plate
28. The -1.6x10-19C is the charge on single……………. Electron
29. The particles which revolve around the nucleus are called ………………. Electrons
30. The pathway of electron is called……………. Orbit or shell
31. Every substance in our world is made up of ………………. Matter
33. Analysis of a sample of a covalent compound showed that it contained 14.4% hydrogen
and 85.6% carbon by mass. What is the empirical formula for the compound?
………………. CH2
34. By chemical means, chemical elements cannot be broken down into………………
Simpler substances
35. The number of protons and the number of electrons is always equal in…………….
molecule A neutral molecule
36. Element that possess the same number of electrons have the same ……………….
Isotopes
37. Calculate the percent, by weight, of carbon in 154 g of C4H8O3? ( C=12, H=1, O=16)
46%

39. The beam of electrons can be produced with the help of ……………………… Heat
40. Charge to mass ratio was first calculated by ………………………. J.J Thompson
41. Attractions of electrons towards anode shows that it is …………………………..
Negatively charged and it carries very small mass
42. What is the empirical formula of a molecule containing 18.7% of Lithium, 16.3% of
Carbon and 65.0% of oxygen……………… Li2CO3
43. Protons are deflected from anode which reveals their ………………………. Positively
charged
44. Hydrogen has …………isotopes 3
45. Find the percent composition S in N2S2. (N=14, S=32) 69.57%
46. Consider the reaction: Na(s) + O2(g) → Na2O(s). ……Moles of sodium will be needed to
balance the equation would be 4
47. Consider the reaction: P(s) + O2(g) → P4O10(s). …………. 5 Moles of O2(g) needed to
balance the equation will be
48. Consider the reaction: Na(s) + O2(g) → Na2O………. Moles of oxygen needed to balance
the equation 2
49. Consider the reaction: Al(s) + O2 (g) → Al2O3…………. Moles of Al(s) needed to
balance the equation are 4
50. Balance this equation __ Na₃PO₄ + __ HCl → __ NaCl + __ H₃PO₄ Na3PO4 + 3HCL
…… 3NaCl + H3PO4
51. Balance this equation: __ TiCl₄ + __ H₂O → __ TiO₂ + __ HCl. TiCl4 + 2H2O …..
TiO2 + 4HCL
52. If beryllium contains 4 protons, what is its atomic number? 4
53. In an oxygen atom, the number of nucleons is 16. What is its atomic mass? 16
54. A piece of iron ore is found to contain a compound containing 72.3% iron and 27.7%
oxygen with a molecular mass of 231.4 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the
compound? Fe3O4
55. Balance this equation: C₂H₆O + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O C2H6O2 + 3O2 ….. 2CO2 + 3H2O
56. According to Aufbau’s principle, which of the three, 4d, 5p and 5s will be filled with
electrons first? 5s
57. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that……… No two electrons can have the same four
quantum numbers
58. The maximum number of unpaired electrons can be present in d orbitals are 5
59. Azimuthal quantum number defines… The shape of the orbital
60. Quantum numbers of an atom can be defined on the basis of Pauli’s Exclusion principle
61. Which quantum number will determine the shape of the subshell Azimuthal quantum
number
62. Consider this equation: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3. How many moles of Fe is needed to balance
this equation. 4
63. Consider this equation: Al4C3 + H2O →Al(OH)3 + 3CH4. How many moles of H2O is
needed to balance this equation.12
64. List all Dalton’s laws. 1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called
atom and these atoms are known to be indivisible. 2. Atoms of the same element are
identical, atoms of different elements are different and have different properties. 3.
Compounds are formed when atoms combine in a simple whole number ratio. 4. Atoms of
an element are not changed to another type of atom because atoms can neither be created
nor destroyed
66. When the azimuthal quantum number has a value of l = 0, the shape of the orbital
is…………. Spherical
68. Another product of the reaction SiO2(s) + NaOH(l) → Na2SiO3aq... would be…………..
H2O
69. The valency of Carbon (C) is ………….. 4
70. In the periodic table, the period number indicates the number of ……………………….
Shells

71. Of the following species, P3−, Cl− , Ar, K+, the one with the largest radius is …………….
P³-
72. Of the listed isotope of elements 2311Na, 2412Mg, 2814Si, 3115P in the third period of the
Periodic Table, the isotope that contains the same number of neutrons as 3216S
is………………….. ³¹P
73. Which of the following particles, C−, N, N− and O+ would, on losing an electron, have a
half-filled set of p orbitals? N
74. Atoms consist principally of three fundamental particles of ……………., ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,….
and …………… Proton, neutron and electron
75. The mass of protons is almost ………. times that of the electron. 1837
76. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the ……….. number of that
element. Atomic number
77. The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of naturally-occurring copper.
 The relative atomic mass of this copper is …………….. 63.5
78. The ……………………………... of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the
number of neutrons in its nucleus Mass number
79. ……………… are atoms of the same element containing the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes
80. The isotopes of chlorine is ………………………….. ³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl
81. The number of neutrons in 23894Pu is ………………………… 144
82. The number of electrons contained in 5424Cr is …………………. 24
83. Use this information to calculate the atomic weight of magnesium.

The atomic weight of Mg is ……… 24.3amu

85. Bromine is composed of 3579Br, 78.9183 amu, and 3581Br 80.9163 amu. The
percent composition of a sample is 50.69% Br-79 and 49.31% Br-81. What is the
atomic weight of bromine? 79.9%
86. ……………………………. can be used to designate the electronic arrangements
in all atoms, their so-called electron configurations. Quantum number
87. A region of space in which the probability of finding an electron is high is
called……………………… Atomic Orbital
88. Mass number refers to the sum of ………………………………………….
According to Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, “No two electrons can have the same
…………………. Protons and neutrons; the same four quantum numbers
89. Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity states “electrons fill into orbitals singly
before ………….. Pairing with another electron
90. ………………………………………….. designates the shape of the region in
space that an electron occupies. Azimuthal quantum numbers
91. The p-orbital is further subdivided into three sub-orbital, otherwise called
………… orbitals. 2Px, 2Py, 2Pz
 92. ………………………………….. designates the main shell, or energy level, in
which an electron resides. Principal quantum number
Use the s, p, d, f format to write the
93. Electronic configuration of Flourine (A = 9): …………………… 1s²2s²2p⁵
94. Electronic configuration of Sulphur (A = 16): …………………… 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴
95. Electronic configuration of chromium (A = 24): …………………
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁴
96. Electronic configuration of P3−: ……………………… 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶
97. Electronic configuration of sodium ion, Na2+: ………………… 1s²2s²2p⁵
98. The rate of reaction during radioactivity is not influenced by ………… Molecular
mass
99. The stability of a radioactivity nucleus is dependent on ………… Proton/Neutron
ratio
100. In radioactivity, the emission of α-particle is represented by ……………… ⁴He
101. The other name for β+ particle is ……………. particle. Positron
102. Half-life refers to the time required for the mass of nuclides to…………… reach
half it’s original value
103. The rate constant for radioactive decay is 1.16×10−1 h. The half-life in seconds for
this 9943Tc nuclide is …………. 21508.89s
104 .………………………………… is a method used for dating ancient artefacts made
from wood or cloth. Radiocarbon dating

105. The process involved in the reaction due to the image above is called………………
Nuclear fission
106. In the radioactive decay of an isotope of lead to an isotope of bismuth, a particle -10X
is emitted. −10X is referred to as ……………. Beta particle
107. …………………………………. involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two
(2) nuclei with smaller mass numbers. Nuclear fission
108. The neutron bombardment of Uranium-235 often results to the release of
……………. Neutrons and lots of energy
109. In the earth’s natural environment, ………………… produces energy via nuclear
fusion processes. Sun
110. …………………………… refers to the change in mass that occurs when a nucleus
is formed from its constituent nucleons. Mass Defect
111. ………………………………. is the energy required to decompose a nucleus into its
constituent nucleons Nuclear binding energy
112. The relationship between the mass defect, Δm, and energy released is given as
…………………. (∆E)= (∆m)c²
113. ………. refers to the attractive forces that hold atoms together in compounds
Chemical bonding
114. ………………….. is referred to as a convenient book-keeping method for keeping
track of chemically important electrons. Lewis dot formula
115. Chemical bonding usually involves only the outermost electrons of atoms, also called
………… electrons. Valence
116. When the ……………………… between two elements is large, the elements are
likely to form a compound by ionic bonding. Electronegativity difference
117. Sodium (Na) atoms lose one electron each to form Na+ ions, which contain only ten
electrons, as Neon (Ne), hence Na+ is …………………… with Ne. Isoelectronic
118. Consider the general reaction of the IA metals with the VIIA elements as follows:

119. The Lewis dot representation for the generalized reaction is ………………

120.Calcium (Group IIA) with oxygen (Group VIA) to form calcium oxide, a white solid
ionic compound according to the equation below
The Lewis dot representation for the reacting atoms and the resulting ions is……………

121.Covalent bonding occurs when the electronegativity difference, Δ(EN), between

elements (atoms) is ……………………………………. Zero or relatively small
122.Two atoms form a double covalent bond when they share ……….. two pairs of
electrons
123.The Lewis formula representation for the formation of a hydrogen fluoride, HF is
…………………
124.The Lewis formula representation for CO2 molecule is …………………….
125.The ____________of gases explains the behavior of a hypothetical ideal gas. It shows
that, gases are made up of tiny particles in random, straight line motion.
Kinetic molecular theory
126.Liquid have a defined __________gases have neither a defined________ nor shape.
Volume, volume
127.Unlike liquids and solids, gases are highly_____________ Compressible
128.Considering the interatomic distance, Gas molecules are ____________ and rarely
interact with each other. Incredibly far apart
129.In solids, the attractive and repulsive forces between molecules—the intermolecular
forces—are ____________ Van DER Waal forces
130.Gases consist of particles in _______________.They continue in a straight line until
they collide with something, usually each other or the walls of their container. A
constant random motion
131._____________ is due to the molecules colliding with the walls of the container.
Radiation
132.All of these collisions are perfectly elastic, meaning that there is no change in energy
of either the particles or the wall upon collision. Therefore______________ is lost or
gained from coRadiation No energy
133.The kinetic energy of a gas is a measure of its _______________. Individual gas
molecules have different speeds, but the temperature and kinetic energy of the gas refer
to the average of these speeds. Temperature in kelvin
134.The ________________ of a gas particle is directly proportional to the temperature.
An increase in temperature increases the speed in which the gas molecules move.
Average kinetic energy
135.All gases at a given temperature have the same average ___________________
kinetic energy
136.___________ gas molecules move faster than ______________ molecules. Lighter,
heavier
137.Boyle’s data showed that when air was squeezed to half its original volume, it
________________. Doubled it’s pressure
138.___________law states that so long as temperature is kept constant, the volume (V) of
a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure (P) Boyle’s law

139.Considering helium balloon, Boyle’s law means that if you took the balloon deep under
the ocean, it would shrivel because the ______________ and the helium would
significantly decrease in volume. Pressure is very high

141.Charles's law states that; the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional
to the temperature, given pressure is kept constant
142.If we took the Snoopy balloon to the North Pole, the balloon would shrink as the
helium cooled and _____________ in volume. However, if we took the balloon to a
hot tropical island and the helium’s temperature increased, the helium would
_______________ in volume, expanding the balloon. Decreases; increases

144.___________________ states that at a constant pressure and temperature, a gas's

volume is directly proportional to the number of molecules. Avogadro’s law

145.Diffusion of a gas is the process where particles of one gas are spread throughout
another gas by ___________________ Molecular motion
146._______________ a Scottish chemist, discovered that lightweight gases diffuse at a
much faster rate than heavy gases. Thomas Graham
147._____________ of diffusion shows the relationship between diffusion and molar mass
rate of diffusion∝1/molar mass Graham’s law
148.Consider hydrogen and oxygen. The molar mass of hydrogen is about 1.0 grams/mol
and the molar mass of oxygen is about 16 grams/mol. Using: diffusion∝1/molar mass
determine the rate of diffusion of hydrogen to oxygen_________ 1:¼
149.___________ is the process where gas molecules escape from an evacuated container
though a small hole. Effusion
150.If gas A and gas B both diffuse in the same amount of time, but gas A contains 2 moles
and gas B contains 1 mole, then the rate of effusion for gas A is____________ as much
as B. Twice

152._________________ is equation describes the relationships between all of

the variables examined in the gas laws: pressure (P), volume (V), amount (n, in
moles), and absolute temperature (T, in Kelvins). Ideal gas equation
153._______________ is an equation of state Ideal gas equation
154.The following are the possible unit of gas constant (R) except a. J K-1 mol-1 b. cal K-
1
mol-1 c. L Torr K-1 mol-1 d. Pa m3 K-1 mol-1 e. kg/ms-1

155.The ideal gas law assumes that an ideal gas’s molecules have no volume, and
experience ___________________ no intermolecular attraction or repulsion

157.For an air bag to work, it has to be inflated full of nitrogen incredibly fast—within 40
milliseconds of the collision. For a 60-liter cylindrical air bag to work properly, the
nitrogen gas has to reach a pressure of 2.37 atm. At 25°C, how many moles of nitrogen
gas are needed to pressurize the air bag? (0.0821 L-atm/mol-K)._______________
pv=nRT (5.81 moles)
158.How much kinetic energy in joules is possessed by a mole of helium atoms all moving
at 30.0 m/s?
159.[kgm2/s2 = J, helium mm 4.0026 g/mol] __________________ ½mv² (1.8J)
160.You are throwing a birthday party and decide to fill the room with helium balloons.
You also want to have a few larger balloons to put at the door. The smaller balloons
 are filled occupy 0.240 m3 when the pressure inside them is 0.038 atm and the
temperature of the room is 70° F. What pressure should you fill the larger balloons to
so that they occupy 0.400 m3? _________________ P1V1=P2V2 (0.0228atm)
161.______________ deals with the interconversion of various kinds of energy ( i.e study
of processes in which energy is transferred as heat and as work) and changes in
physical properties that are involved. Thermodynamics

162.first law of thermodynamics which states that ___________ can neither be created nor
destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another Energy

163.______________ is a transfer of energy due to a difference in temperature Heat

164.____________________is a transfer of energy that is not due to a temperature
difference Work
165.At molecular level, Heat: is a transfer of energy that achieves _______________ in
the surroundings chaotic or random motion
166.Heat and work are both measured in ___________ units, so they must both represent
energy. Energy
167.________________ a phenomenon where a hot object convey energy to anybody in
sight of it via electromagnetic. Radiation

168._______________ arises when an object moves a distance Δx against an opposing

force f: w=f Δx Mechanical work

169.The ______________ determines how much work a system does when it expands
through a given volume. The greater the opposing pressure, the greater the work the
system does. External pressure
170.Expansion against zero external pressure when there is no external pressure is called
____________ irreversible process
171.__________work is done when a body having a charge q moves through a potential
difference ΔV. Electrical work
172.Work can be completely converted into heat by ___________________ Friction
173.A process where an energy is released in form of heat by the system into the
surroundings is ________________ Exothermic process

174.______________ is a part of the universe where we have a special interest System

175.Open system allows the free exchange of _________ and ________ through the
boundary between system and surrounding. Matter and energy

176.Cell can be defined as the functional unit of life, it is thermodynamically regarded as

what type of system? ________________ Open system

177._______________is a real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its
surroundings. Boundary

178.What kind of thermodynamic system the picture above depicts____________?

Adiathermal system
179.Thermos flask is a type of systems that is said to be ___________ thereby shielding
the content (waer) of the flask from interacting with its surroundings in order to keep
it warm or isolated
180.The ____________of a thermodynamic system is given by H = U + PV Enthalpy
181.The sign of q for an exothermic process is __________as well as its enthalpy change
negative
 1.
182.The figure of graph above is representing a process of converting a reactant to product.
What kind of process is depicted by the figure above _______________ Exothermic
process
183.______________ is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed
system undergoing such a process remains constant ISOCHORIC process
184._____________, which is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles
that form the system. Internal energy
185.Physical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being
either ____________ or ___________ Intensive and Extensive
186.An ___________is a bulk property, meaning that it is a local physical property of a
system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system.
Intensive property
187.All the these are a good examples of intensive properties except a. friction b.
temperature, T; c. refractive d. index, n; e. density, ρ;
188.Why is density regarded as an intensive property?______________________ it is
regarded as an intensive property because when you divide an EXTENSIVE
PROPERTY WITH AN EXTENSIVE PROPERTY, you get an intensive property
189.____________ is a quantity that depends on the history of a system and is independent
on the route by which the system arrives at its present location or state e.g. Heat and
work Static function
190.________________ is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of a system
or a unit mass of substance by one degree rise. Heat capacity
191._______________can be determined by measuring how fast the concentration of a
reactant decreases, or by how product is formed per unit time. Reaction rate
192.Faraday’s second law of electrolysis states ________________________________. If
the same amount of electricity is passed through different electrolytes, the masses
of ions deposited at the electrodes are directly proportional to their chemical
equivalents

193.Calculate the current that must be passed into a solution of aluminium salt for 1.5hours
in order to deposit 1.5g of aluminium (Al=27, 1F= 96500 C) 2.98A

194. _________are chemical substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical
reaction in the biological system without being consumed in the process. Catalyst

195. The electron is found in the …………….of the atom. Outer shell
196. A catalyst is defined as………………………………. A chemical substances that
increases the reaction rate of a chemical reaction in the biological system
without being consumed in the process
197. An exothermic reaction could be defined as……… a type of reaction in which
heat is released by the system to the surrounding
198. Determine the empirical formula for chrysotile asbestos. Chrysotile has the
following percent composition: 28.03% Mg, 21.60% Si, 1.16% H, and 49.21% O.

199. Determine the molecular formula of question 198. If molar mass for chrysotile is
520.8 g/mol.
200. Is the atom an indivisible particle? …………………… No