DESTINATION C1 & C2

TỔNG HỢP
NGỮ PHÁP & TỪ VỰNG
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Teach from not from

Every now and then they'll have a beer together.
 the twig was full of green leaves last spring.
that problem is quite intricate, shall we ask for help

speculate on/in sth He made his money speculating on

the London gold and silver markets. suy xét, tích trữ, mua bán liễu lĩnh

The judge decided that allowing the video as evidence

would be prejudicial to the outcome of the trial.
She was completely baffled by
his strange behaviour.
 We cannot deduce very much from these evidence.

She sat back for a minute to

ponder her next move in the game.
does anyone has any query ?

it was just an acdemic argument

did you get any proof
Students only have 8 hours
of tutorials a week.
He had never made out
with a virgin before= have sex.

I practice solving physics problem

a my skill has brushed up.

=scam
i suss out some integral information while reading the report.

the karaoke song drown out my

voice in the recordings
so that you can be prepared or
take action
He wasn't going to tell me, but
I managed to worm it out of him.

sth secret
ascertion sth

Perhaps you could sound the

chairwoman out before the meeting,
to see which way she's going to vote?
 New evidence has emerged which casts doubt on the veracity of his testimony.

Could you cast an eye

over this report for me?
=quickly look at
 that idea just slipped my mind

-compare sth with others so that it could be fairly judged andaccurately

Make sure that the figures are

in perspective.= easy to compare
please take your sides.
She managed to keep her wits about her and escaped unharmed. Don't let fame/success go to your head.

the controller didn't have a leg

to stand on when denouncing
his doubt.

, slightly drunk

i am in the dark about his the exam

After the storm homeowners

came out to take stock of
the words was really
the damage's costs.
ring a bell, but i couldn't
My mother's been driving me around the bend.
remember it.
, bored

to examine a case carefully

hestitant
We should make judicious use
of the resources available to us.
 limiting freedom of expression, thought, behaviour, etc.:
illiberal policies

their conspiracy was so caustic, they blamed an innocent person to the capital punishment.
what i admire about her is her rhetoric in that competition, that was an impressive presentation.
 In line 20, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people".

He converted to (= started believing in) Catholicism when he got married.

the building was deteriorate by the storm

 Engineers spent many months
refining the software.
Who will reform our unfair
electoral( bau cu )system?

make sth pure (esp by removing unwanted material

he quickly shift ti another opinion

in a second of time

Certain people always want to maintain the status quo.

She sustained multiple injuries in the accident. = suffer or experience(damage or loss)

keep alive(people)

The economy looks set to sustain

its growth into next year.
 The room looks very different since
you've changed the furniture around.
the customs make the actor
into a monster.

to fasten or being fastened

I'd like to buy a run-down house and do it up.

I keyed the document in, but nothing appeared.

Thousands of people turned out to

welcome the team home.

She was crying so much I thought she'd bring up her breakfast.

i had a welcome break

from going to bed early

We decided to break with

tradition and have fish for
Thanksgiving dinner.
Turn the knob clockwise
/in a clockwise direction.

that product is on demand

Professor Reeves was the next to take the floor. = start speaking

knowledge and ability:

I don’t have the technical
know-how to repair a computer.

he came to hell after

receiving the disobey
punishment from me

intimidate=menace=
threaten : đe dọa
the pokemon swap
places with one another
the hotel has all mod cons that
i want.

it's impossible to change my tune

when i have already decided.
ahh, they reinvent the wheel by
turning down such a profitable deal.

=doesn't
whatever they say, I'll always stick to my guns.

well, i turned over a new leaf and start to go to bed early and get a glorious skin without any ances.

Solar power is the conversion of the sun's energy into heat and electricity.

Her conversion to Buddhism/Islam was a very gradual process.

newly, there has been more accident on this road
Do you deal with season-ticket renewals here? urban renewal: việc quy hoạch lại thành phố
the renewal date: ngày gia hạn ( sách )

The film tells anew the story

of his rise to fame and power.

to pass another vehicle that is going in

a revolting smell of rotting cabbage the same direction as you by drivin

She undertook not to publish the

names of the people involved.
 King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936.
Susannah's very handy (= good at doing things that need skilled use of the hands) about the house.
= able to do sth skillfully.
 Could I borrow a pen? I seem to have mislaid mine.
i use cryptic message to hide my secret conversation.
i joined a sponsored jumpathon to donate some money to theorphange
 For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed to be protected.
For a historical drama, the movie was filled with anachronisms.

Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare's?

three years had elapse since i graduated

from college and had a house later.

- The effect of that poison is instantaneous.

in the interim

An interim government was set up for the

period before the country's first free election.
your license lapsed 2 months ago.
- His lapse in judgement led him to fall behind in his studies. = mistake, sai sot

- That information must not be disclosed

without prior written consent. = agree(ment),
permission

the provisional government will

take over the
responsibilitiesnext month
He has just finished a stint of compulsory military service.
Don't stint yourself - take another slice of cake. =PROVIDE, take, use sth for small amount of sth

he 1983 vintage was one of the best.= a kind of wine produced for a specific period of time

working in the civil service is a nine to five job

finance is a public sector

Raw recruits (= completely new soldiers) were trained for six months and then sent to the war front.
T.Nguyen was sack because of staff cuts during the recession.

Her name keeps cropping up in conversation.

i kicked off with a new language

start to get angry or complain in a noisy way:

the company knocked out after a few
month of running without budget

We don't know
what lies
ahead.
although there's
opposition to it

He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.

a group, sb holding you, end a relationship

the solicitor is deftly using proof to explain away

for his accused person

ou're going to have to really knuckle down

to become full of action and excitement,
(to your work) if you want to pass your final exams.
sometimes including violence
:Chamonix's bars and clubs - lively any night
they helped us tided over the pandemic by giving - really kick off at weekends.
usthe monthly supporting fees.
 i'm slaving away everyday so as to become a ceo.
you should plod away at treating ances, it should takes about 6 months to 1 year

The government wants to toughen

(up) the existing drug laws/controls.

51% respondents are

in the middle-aged
age bracket.

The company pressed ahead with plans to build the skyscraper.

in the same way as always

he's been an office

holder for 50 years
these bad habits remain on and on.
 , a few days ago

Rather than planning, just do it! A stitch in time saves nine.

Be patient, you'll hear the result all in good time.
I saw her in town the other day.
She carefully reapplied her lipstick
 he came promptly on the dot of eleven.

to not continue with a system or plan:

, get rid of useless thing, quick argument

my brother is home on leave so he is whiling away at a hotel,

i often come up with countermeassure to my mother's questions.

we have 1 counteroffensive force this month so everyone should prepare for it now.
At school we were fed communist/right-wing propaganda.
He's on the right wing of the party= the political right .

Our suspicions were first aroused when we heard a muffled scream.

I was muffled up against the cold in a scarf and hat.= wear thick warm clothes to keep warm.
he often has a wage-restrain after lavishing money for a few days.

He's decided to stand down after 15 years as managing director.

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Ệ
TỔNG HỢP DESTINATION C12

I. 06 LÝ DO SỬ DỤNG BỊ ĐỘNG

1. When we don’t know who does/did EX: The car was stolen at
something approximately 1.30 am.
→ Khi chúng ta không biết ai thực hiện
hành động
2. When it’s obvious who does/did EX: Having been introduced in
something 1988, the Road Traffic Act regulates
→ Khi biết rõ ai thực hiện hành động (rút all vehicle use on UK roads.
gọn câu)
3. When it's not important who does/did EX: The XL500 was designed with
something young families in mind, so there’s
→ Khi không quan trọng ai đã thực hiện plenty of room in the boot.
hành động.
4. To emphasise new information (which EX: This type of submarine was
appears at the end of the sentence) developed during the Second World
→ Để nhấn mạnh thông tin mới, thông War by the Americans.
thường xuất hiện ở cuối câu.
5. To avoid starting clauses with long EX: We were surprised by the
expressions number of people trying to leave the
→ Để tránh bắt đầu mệnh đề quá dài city for the long weekend.

6. To produce a formal style EX: All passengers are required to

→ Để tạo ra một phong cách trịnh trọng present their ticket to the inspector.

II. IMPERSONAL PASSIVE / BỊ ĐỘNG KHÁCH QUAN

Công thức S + be + to V bare / to have V 3/ed

There + be + to Vbare / to have V3/ed
Động từ hay agree assume believe claim consider
sử dụng
estimate expect feel find guarantee
know mean presume regard report
say suppose think understand …

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Ví dụ - Tourism is expected to become a major part of the country’s

economy.
- There are reported to have been a record number of accidents
on the roads this year.
Công thức It + be + V3 + that + S + V
Động từ hay accept agree argue assume believe
sử dụng
calculate claim consider estimate expect
feel know presume report say
suggest suppose think understand …
Ví dụ It is thought that the new railway will provide employment
opportunities for local people.

III. DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG CHO ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ 2 TÂN NGỮ (TRỰC TIẾP & GIÁN TIẾP)
 Some verbs in active sentences can be followed by both a direct and an indirect
object (usually a person).
 Common verbs as following:
bring buy get give leave lend make
offer owe pass pay promise refuse send
show take teach tell write …

 There are two possible passive forms.

Cấu trúc 1 Sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp indirect object
EX: Jill was given the plane tickets (by Michael).
Cấu trúc 2 Sử dụng tân ngữ trực tiếp direct object
→ có thể lược bỏ giới từ trước direct object.
EX: The plane tickets were given to Jill (by Michael).
Với explain & suggest
→ có thể lược bỏ giới từ trước indirect object pronouns.
→ Không sử dụng với cấu trúc 1
CHÚ Ý  I was explained how to drive the train
 how to drive the train was explained me
✓ How to drive the train was explained to me.

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IV. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP TRÁNH SỬ DỤNG BỊ ĐỘNG/ AVOIDING THE PASSIVE
 The passive is not normally used with verbs in the present perfect continuous,
past perfect continuous, future continuous or future perfect continuous tenses.
 Various prepositional phrases are used to avoid the passive in these tenses,
including the following.
In progress  Preparations for the flight will be being made as the President
arrives at the airport.
✓ Preparations for the flight will be in progress as the President
arrives at the airport.
In training  At the end of this year, I will have been being trained as a pilot
for four years.
✓ At the end of this year, I will have been in training as a pilot for
four years.
On display  Vintage cars have been being displayed in the town centre all
this week.
✓ Vintage cars have been on display in the town centre all this
week.
Under  By the time they came to a decision, the problem had been being
consideration considered for some time.
✓ By the time they came to a decision, the problem had been under
consideration for some time.
Under  The new railway station has been being built for two years now.
construction ✓ The new railway station has been under construction for two
years now.

CHÚ Ý

 Some verbs are not usually used in the passive. They include intransitive verbs:
appear, arrive, die…
 Many verbs used statively are also not usually used in the passive. They
include consist, deserve, fit, have, lack, look, mind, realise, resemble, seem,
suit,…
 The verb “let” is not used in the passive when it means “allow”, although phrasal
verbs with let can be used in the passive.
EX: Alice was clearly guilty, but she was let off with an warning.
 Những động từ “hear”, “help”, “make” & “see” có thể theo sau Vbare (trong câu
chủ động) và To Vbare (trong câu bị động).
EX: We heard Jim say he was going to Albania. (active)
EX: Jim was heard to say he was going to Albania. (passive)

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V. BỊ ĐỘNG THỂ SAI KHIẾN

A. GET/HAVE STH DONE (BỊ ĐỘNG SAI KHIẾN, NHỜ VẢ)

1. Actions we arrange for other people to do for us

→ Hành động được người khác làm cho chúng ta
EX: Did you finally get your bike fixed?
2. Things we experience (usually negative and not intended)
→ Điều mà chúng ta trải nghiệm thông thường là phủ định và không có ý định
nhắm đến.
EX: I heard that Susie had her motorbike stolen.
WATCH OUT
 In general, “get” is more informal than “have”
 We can use other verbs instead of get/ have such as: need,
want and would like.
 Get sth done = finish doing sth
EX: We’ll set off as soon as I’ve got car fixed.

B. GET SB TO DO / HAVE SB DO

Actions we make somebody/something do for us

EX: Did you get Alex to drive you all the way to London?

C. GET / HAVE SB DOING

Actions we make somebody/something start doing.

EX: Don't worry. We'll soon have your car running like new.

WATCH OUT

 Most of the time, we do not show who does/did an action

(the ‘agent’) in a passive or causative sentence. When we
do want to refer to the agent, we use by.
EX: We should get the car looked at by a professional.
 When we want to refer to materials or instruments used in a
passive or causative sentence, we use with.
EX: The engine is started with a special electronic card instead
of a key.
 We use other prepositions after some past participles that
are used like adjectives.
EX: I am frightened of driving on motorways.

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we use wire coat hanger to hang clothes in line.

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VI. MỘT SỐ TỪ VỰNG UNIT 7/ INSTRUCTED BY OTTO TRUNG

Stt Từ/cụm từ Nghĩa Tiếng Việt tham khảo

1. issue (v) phát hành, được lưu hành
2. issue (n) sự phát hành, kết quả, vấn đề
3. cheer (n/v) sự vui vẻ/ làm vui vẻ
4. wire coat hanger (n phr) móc treo quần áo
5. parliament (n) nghị viện, nghị trường
6. sort out (phr v) sắp xếp, phân loại
7. steward/stewardess (n) người phục vụ nam/ nữ a woman flight attendant
8. soap opera (n phr) phim truyền hình dài tập
9. attic (n) gác mái
10. open-air (n phr) ngoài trời a crate of empty bottles
11. crates (n) thùng, sọt, giỏ
12. vicar (n) cha sở, cha sứ (tôn giáo)
13. civilian use (n phr) việc sử dụng của người dân
14. concrete slab (n phr) tấm bê tông
15. floating island (n phr) đảo nổi
16. fuel pump (n phr) máy bơm nhiên liệu
17. depressed (adj) chán nản, thất vọng
18. a ball of wool (n phr) cuộn len
19. juggle (v) tung hứng
20. measure (n) biện pháp
21. scramjet (n) động cơ phản lực tĩnh siêu âm
22. experimental type of engine (n phr) động cơ đang ở giai đoạn thực nghiệm
23. conventional jet engine (n phr) động cơ phản lực hiện thời
24. suck into (phr v) hút vào trong
25. ignite (v) đốt cháy, bắt lửa
26. thrust (n) sự đẩy, sức đè, sức ép
27. supersonic (adj) siêu âm, nhanh hơn tiếng động

THE END

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 We've just approached the bank for/about a loan.

deal with sth

"Get out of here," she said

through clenched teeth.
They clambered
over/up the rocks.

Silent and pale, she clutched

(onto) her mother's hand.
The child crawled across the
floor.

do sth awkwardly

He crawled to the group leader because he wanted a promotion.= lay long to get an advantage
He fumbled in his pockets for some change.
A feeling of despair descended (on us) as we realized that we were lost.
i dash quickly near the pathway to drink some coffee.
The new budget isn't smoke and mirrors; it's an honest attempt to reduce the deficit.= deception

the legion march in straight rows

He leaped out of his car and ran towards the house.

+in/to: provide help, protection

an important positive development

our car's tire skid when we fold wins= thắng gấp

 He interrupted mid-speech and it put me off my stride.= take sb attention away so that they could stop
doing or do it wrong

- The travel company had chartered three aircraft for their beloved ones.

= hiến chương

Jack often picks up

hitchhikers near the border.
i got a jet lag after 6
hours of flying.

- He steered the team to victory. =chèo lái

-The man steered the boat into the quay to unload their goods.
we arrived at the pier to grab some coffee before continuining the journey.

They've cordoned off the whole area because of a suspected bomb.= put sth around to stop people from entering
 Police quickly closed off the area. or They closed Bright Avenue off to vehicles.
Two more bombs have been discovered since the police sealed off the area.
The burglars had tied him up (to the bed)
All my money is tied up in property. = cause $ or possessions not to available to use

=isolated
We crept up behind her
and yelled "Boo!"
The company is
putting up wages to =astray behind
head off a strike.
,force sb, sth to change
direction

my mother moved on
to approach me

he moved over for

the car behind to
go ahead.

He slipped away
while we were all sleeping.
Time was slipping
away and she had
to make a decision soon.
= time passes quickly

Political power was really in their hands

and they let it slip away. = power or
possiblility disappears.

he drove his point home when discussing in the last meeting.

plough sth back in/plough sth back into sth (=spend $ have earned to improve that business
ex: Profits are being ploughed back into the company to allow expansion.

that vocab falls into a

different category.

Once I discovered that the woman was

his sister, everything fell into place.

Alex suddenly flys at

me after that
conversation.
=mimic, imitate

Why did you have to go and tell him? = express anger

 the gas station is as the crow flies
whenever you're
depressed, follow
your nose and to what
you love
I go for a walk and
lose my bearings
afterward

my village is off the

beaten track, hardly
anyone could find it.

our shipment is oncoming

the call us is incoming
Representatives for all the main candidates are trying to mobilize voter support.
She sat immobile, wondering what to do next.

prepare to fight, especially

in a war

cause changes and problems

Major markets were affected by political destabilization.

 behave in a good
and moral way (a)
upstanding citizen

be the very thing= be exactly what is needed

 my grandparents are using a stairlift now.
I'm starting a new lease of life by going to bed before 10 pm

the doctor desensitzed his parent before operating the

surgery

she's is holding the handlebar right now.

he's so blunt, and
always talk nonsense

my father conveys
his property to me
i just got some
inkling about that
question in the exam

when i run out of

idea, i start to quibble
to my mother

=curse
he suddenly rave at
me without doing
anything wrong

he scribbled some
odd words before
died.

bao bao is always

stutter in pivotal
situation
i blurted out some
odds words as i was
trying to say sth nice

well, i dried up so
i couldn't finish my
essay

we'll talk over this

in the next seminar

i never back down

if you didn't have
evidence.

the government
should crack down
on abuse actions i gobble down some food before going to school
on women. i go down on cool after that shower

you could wear me down with all that work

he brided me some
candies for not
telling about his
mistakes

my teacher stand
at the podium and
convey the lesson
it is a impertinence
to tell your salary
to anyone
you didn't see these
flaws, you are such
an inadvertent
person
 it's jinxed to shake
hand with lower ones

bottle water is my
lucky charm

you startled me, you

should have hid
here the whole time
another flooding
it's an act of god

Andrew's been
down on his luck
recently and couldn't
find a well=paid
job

why I have to say

that, there is no
rhyme or reason
it was fortuitous to meet
you in these place

to deal successfully with a difficulty

or problem
- They will have ample opportunity
to demonstrate their works.
- Rocks were heaped up on the side
of the road after the rai - She gazed at the immense
expanse of the ocean
 For weeks the media
has been building up the
national basketball team.

he bought off
me for not
telling his secret another company buy out your
firm so you had better got out.

our class fund

will be carried
over for the
next year.

=examine
After sizing up
the opposition,
Abe suggested
a strategy.

not too careful

without much care

you should have listened
to other advices not should
not be so big-headed

The scandal threatens

to deal a fatal blow to the
politician's once
promising career.

Solving math questions is out of my depth

the window has some specks on it. guess
it long time no scrub
 The vacant store had been
boarded up for several years.

How long is the government

likely to survive without the US
military force there to prop it up?

The law was watered down

after it failed to pass the
legistrature the first time
 He agonized for several days
before agreeing to move to a new city

I wouldn't cross him if I were you,

not if you value your life.

He is a man of dignity
and calm determination.
some girls giggle when seeing - The teacher told the students - If you dillydally about any longer,
the hilarous picture not to dawdle away their time. we shall miss our chance. =reluctan
=waste time
I know I shouldn't gloat, - The kids kept pestering
but it really serves him right. me to read to them. =lam phien

Many teachers were reluctant

to use computers in their
classrooms simply out of inertia.

Reversing round a corner is one

of the manoeuvres you are required
to perform in a driving test.
 Everyone rejoiced at the news
of his safe return
He resents having to explain
his work to other people.

She's utterly resolute in

her refusal to apologize.

truc smirked like a psychic patient in the

hospital

the explicit terror on everyone face after the disaster had blown away all houses and paddles.

The medication was administered

by someone in another room.
 I blacked out right
after the accident. = become
unconscious
This heat has made me come
out in an itchy red rash.

I'd only just cottoned on to

the fact that they were having
a relationship.

that dog lashed out at me

no it unbelieved reason

you shoudn't play up with her like that

the fast process has shrivelled him.

the police summoned up all his courage to fight for the fair