A Dictionary of Oil & Gas Industry Terms, 2nd

Edition Peter Roberts install download

https://ebookmeta.com/product/a-dictionary-of-oil-gas-industry-
terms-2nd-edition-peter-roberts/

Download more ebook from https://ebookmeta.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebookmeta.com
to discover even more!

Prevention of Actuator Emissions in the Oil and Gas

Industry 1st Edition Karan Sotoodeh

https://ebookmeta.com/product/prevention-of-actuator-emissions-
in-the-oil-and-gas-industry-1st-edition-karan-sotoodeh/

Safety Engineering in the Oil and Gas Industry 1st

Edition Karan Sotoodeh

https://ebookmeta.com/product/safety-engineering-in-the-oil-and-
gas-industry-1st-edition-karan-sotoodeh/

Functional Materials for the Oil and Gas Industry 1st

Edition Deepak Dwivedi

https://ebookmeta.com/product/functional-materials-for-the-oil-
and-gas-industry-1st-edition-deepak-dwivedi/

China Harley Farnsworth Macnair (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/china-harley-farnsworth-macnair-
editor/
Counselor Education in the 21st Century Issues and
Experiences 1st Edition Jane E Atieno Okech Deborah J
Rubel

https://ebookmeta.com/product/counselor-education-in-the-21st-
century-issues-and-experiences-1st-edition-jane-e-atieno-okech-
deborah-j-rubel/

The Role of Technology in Conference Interpreter

Training New Trends in Translation Studies María
Dolores Rodríguez Melchor (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-role-of-technology-in-
conference-interpreter-training-new-trends-in-translation-
studies-maria-dolores-rodriguez-melchor-editor/

How to Write Effective Business English: Your Guide to

Excellent Professional Communication, 4th Edition Fiona
Talbot

https://ebookmeta.com/product/how-to-write-effective-business-
english-your-guide-to-excellent-professional-communication-4th-
edition-fiona-talbot/

Disciplinary Literacy in Action How to Create and

Sustain a School Wide Culture of Deep Reading Writing
and Thinking 1st Edition Releah Cossett Lent

https://ebookmeta.com/product/disciplinary-literacy-in-action-
how-to-create-and-sustain-a-school-wide-culture-of-deep-reading-
writing-and-thinking-1st-edition-releah-cossett-lent/

Corporate Environmental Accountability in International

Law 2nd Edition Elisa Morgera

https://ebookmeta.com/product/corporate-environmental-
accountability-in-international-law-2nd-edition-elisa-morgera/
International Disability Rights Advocacy
Interdisciplinary Disability Studies 1st Edition
Daniel Pateisky

https://ebookmeta.com/product/international-disability-rights-
advocacy-interdisciplinary-disability-studies-1st-edition-daniel-
pateisky/
A DICTIONARY OF OIL & GAS INDUSTRY TERMS
 A DICTIONARY
OF
OIL & GAS
INDUSTRY TERMS
SECOND EDITION

PETER ROBERTS
 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by
publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK
and in certain other countries
© Peter Roberts 2023
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First Edition published in 2019
Second Edition published in 2023
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in
writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under
terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning
reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,
Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same
condition on any acquirer
Public sector information reproduced under Open Government Licence v3.0
(http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/open-government-
licence.htm)
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Control Number is on file at the Library of Congress
ISBN 978–0–19–287346–0
eISBN 978–0–19–287348–4
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192873460.001.0001
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website
referenced in this work.
 CONTENTS

Introduction to the First Edition

Introduction to the Second Edition

Part A Abbreviations and Acronyms

Part B Terms and Phrases

Part C Appendices
 INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION

This dictionary is a guide to the abbreviations, acronyms, terms, and

phrases which are most commonly encountered in the legal,
regulatory, technical, commercial, and financial aspects of the
international oil and gas industry today. It consists of the following
parts:

Part A: abbreviations and acronyms

Part B: terms and phrases
Part C: appendices
Appendix 1: petroleum units and conversions
Appendix 2: technical elements:
2A—petroleum formation;
2B—exploration drilling;
2C—drilling a wellbore;
2D—petroleum production; and
2E—refining
Appendix 3: promote levels
Appendix 4: geological time periods
Appendix 5: well symbols
Appendix 6: API gravity
Appendix 7: SPE PRMS

An inescapable exposure applies to the author of a dictionary. It is

the accusation of a reader that the dictionary misses or
misrepresents something and so is incomplete or inaccurate.1 In
anticipated defence of such a charge the following points can be
made:
Technical terms: the oil and gas industry is highly technical and
the key technical terms, which are most commonly encountered in
practice, are referenced in this dictionary. But this dictionary is not
intended to recite absolutely every technical term, however obscure,
used in every element of the industry today. To do so would simply
swamp the dictionary. There are several excellent online technical
directories which can be used to find an outlying term not covered in
this dictionary.

Multiple usages: many of the terms which are defined in this

dictionary can be represented in different ways. Synonyms are
referenced, but would that the lexicon of the oil and gas industry is
completely settled; many of these synonyms are not universally
agreed and many are used ambiguously. Also, some defined terms
have several (often unrelated) meanings. A consistent and
ubiquitous usage of commonly agreed terms is not a feature of the
industry.

Depth of reference: this dictionary is intended to offer a concise

explanation of key oil and gas industry terms. It is a starting point
for the acquisition of knowledge, from which further research can be
conducted if required. It is not intended to be an encyclopaedia
which contains lengthy narratives on each topic but a partial
exception to this principle comes in Appendix 2, where a lengthier
explanation of certain matters is intended to save a reader from
patching together a number of related definitions in the search for
an answer.
The intended purpose of this dictionary is to be concise,
comprehensive, and useful. Some readers will surely have opinions
about unreferenced terms which they think should be included;
others about terms which they think should be defined differently (or
even not at all). The publishers welcome the communication of these
opinions, not least because the intention is that this dictionary will
be the subject of revision and further issue as the industry continues
to evolve.
 Thanks are due to the Energy Institute for its review of the
technical terms in this dictionary. Thanks are also due to Katie
Hooper and Zoe Tustin of the Oxford University Press for their help
in making this project a reality and to my super secretary Jackie
Harper for the heavy lifting on the manuscript.
The information contained in this dictionary is provided for general
information purposes only. Whilst the author, the OUP, and the
Energy Institute have each applied reasonable care in developing
this dictionary, no representations or warranties, express or implied,
are made by any of the author, the OUP, or the Energy Institute
concerning the applicability, suitability, accuracy, or completeness of
the information contained herein. Each of the author, the OUP, and
the Energy Institute accept no responsibility whatsoever for the use
of this information and shall have no liability in any way for any
liability, loss, cost, or damage incurred as a result of the receipt or
use of the information contained herein.
Finally, I would respectfully disagree with Dr Johnson’s assertion
that ‘to make dictionaries is dull work’. It has been anything but that.
Peter Roberts
Guildford, Surrey
October 2018

1 A sentiment best expressed by the great lexicographer Dr Samuel Johnson in

the preface to his Dictionary of the English Language in 1775: ‘It is the fate of
those who toil at the lower employments of life … to be exposed to censure,
without hope of praise; to be disgraced by miscarriage, or punished for neglect. …
Among these unhappy mortals is the writer of dictionaries … Every other author
may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach.’
 INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION

The structure of the first edition of this dictionary is repeated in this

second edition, and the ambitions expressed and the caveats made
in the introduction to the first edition apply equally here too.
The second edition applies a significant number of new definitions
(largely drawn from the worlds of clean energy, energy transition,
and energy financing), takes account of various review comments
and suggestions received, and makes a number of cross-referencing
improvements.
As with the first edition, I welcome more feedback (which can be
sent to me at [email protected]), and I also wish to
express my thanks to Fay Gibbons of the Oxford University Press.
Peter Roberts
Guildford, Surrey
February 2023
 PART A
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
1C see one C
1P see proved reserves
2C see two C
2D see two D
2P see probable reserves
3C see three C
3D see three D
3P see possible reserves
4D see four D

A&D see acquisition and divestment

A&E see amend and extend
A&R see amendment and restatement
A&W see abandoned and whipstocked
AAPG see American Association of Petroleum Geologists
AAPL see American Association of Professional Landmen
AAV see ambient air vaporiser
ABC see anti-bribery and corruption
ABS see American Bureau of Shipping
ACCC Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
ACQ see annual contract quantity
AD see anaerobic digestion; authorised distributor
ADI all dates inclusive
ADP see annual delivery programme
ADR see alternative dispute resolution
AECO see Alberta Energy Company
AF see Arctic floater
AFC see approved for construction
AFD see approved for design
AFE see authorisation for expenditure
AFR see air–fuel ratio
AFRA see average freight rate assessment
AG see associated gas
AGI see above-ground installation
AGO see automotive gas oil
AGR see above-ground review; acid gas removal
AGW see agricultural grade water; all going well
AHC see active heave compensation; ad hoc charter
AHD see along-hole depth; along-hole distance
AHV see anchor handling vessel
AI see artificial island
AIEN Association of International Energy Negotiators; see
AIPN
AIPN see Association of International Petroleum Negotiators
AIS see automatic identification system
ALARP see as low as reasonably practicable
ALP see articulated loading platform
ALS see accidental limit state
AMA see asset management agreement
AMI see area of mutual interest
AMIA see area of mutual interest agreement
AMM see abandoned mine methane
AMPLA see Australian Mining Petroleum Law Association
AMR see automated meter reading
ANGA see American Natural Gas Association
ANSCO see Alaskan North Slope crude oil
ANSI see American National Standards Institute
AO see asset optimisation; associated oil
AOA see add on afterwards
AOL see arrival on location
AOP annual operating plan
AP see accounting procedure
API see American Petroleum Institute
APO see after payout
APPEA see Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration
Association
APRV see annular pressure relief valve
ARA see Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp
ARCA see advanced reservation of capacity agreement
ARO see abandonment and reclamation obligation
ASOG see activity-specific operating guidelines
ASP see average system pressure
ASTM see American Society for Testing and Materials
ASV see accommodation support vessel
ASWP see any safe world port
ATDNSHINC any time day or night Sundays and holidays included
ATG see aviation turbine gasoline
ATK see aviation turbine kerosene
Atm see atmosphere
ATSBE see all time saved both ends
AUV see autonomous underwater vehicle
AVO see amplitude variation with offset
AVR see ad valorem royalty
AVTAG see aviation turbine gasoline
AVTUR see aviation turbine kerosene
AWP&B annual work programme and budget; see work
programme and budget

B see barrel; billion

B2B see business-to-business
B2C see business-to-consumer
BA breathing apparatus
BAF see bunker adjustment factor
BAFO best and final offer
BAT see best available technology/technique
BATNA see best alternative to a negotiated agreement
BATNEEC see best available technology not entailing excessive
cost
BAU see business as usual
BBC see bareboat charter
Bbl see barrel
BBQ see Bonny, Brass River, and Qua Iboe
BBSM see behaviour-based safety management
BCGA see basin-centred gas accumulation
BCO see beneficial cargo owner
BCP see business continuity plan
BD barrels per day
BDI both dates inclusive
BE best endeavours
BECCS see bioenergy carbon capture and storage
BEP see best environmental practice
BER beyond economic repair
BEWL best estimate without liability
BFG see boiler fuel gas
BFOE see Brent Forties Oseberg Ekofisk
BHA see bottomhole assembly
BHL see bottomhole location
BI business interruption
BIAPO see back-in after pay-out
BII see business interruption insurance
BIMCO see Baltic International Maritime Council
BIS see bought-in services
BIT see bilateral investment treaty
BL see battery limit
BLEVE see boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion
BLPD see barrels of liquid per day
BNOC see British National Oil Corporation
BOD see basis of design; biochemical oxygen demand
BOE see barrel of oil equivalent
BOEPD BOE per day
BOG boil-off gas
BOGCS see boil-off gas combustion system
BOGRS see boil-off gas recovery system
BOO see build own operate
BOOT see build own operate transfer
BOP see blowout preventer
BOPE see blowout preventer equipment
BOR see boil-off rate
BPO see before payout
BPS see basis point
BPSD see barrels per stream day
BRC see bid round circular
BRDP see bid round data package
BRINDEX see Association of British Independent Oil Exploration
Companies
BROA see British Rig Owners’ Association
BROB bunkers remaining on board
BRT see below rotary table
BRV see bulk rock volume
BS see bottom sediment; British Standards
BS&W see basic sediment and water; bottom settlings and
water
BSI see British Standards Institution
BSODU see bottom-supported offshore drilling unit
BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene
BTL see biomass to liquid
Btu see British thermal unit
BTX see benzene, toluene, xylene
BW see barrels of water
BWEAS see ballast water exchange at sea
BWP see benchmark weighted price
BWPD BW per day
BWPH BW per hour

C1 methane (referencing one carbon atom)

C2 ethane (referencing two carbon atoms)
C3 propane (referencing three carbon atoms)
C4 butane (referencing four carbon atoms)
C5 pentane (referencing five carbon atoms)
C6 hexane (referencing six carbon atoms)
C&C see circulating and conditioning; contract and
collaboration
C&F see cost and freight
C&M see care and maintenance
C&P see cased and perforated
C&S see cased and suspended
CA see confidentiality agreement
CAF see currency adjustment factor
CAGR see compound annual growth rate
CALM see catenary anchor leg mooring
CAM see capacity allocation mechanism
CAP see competence assurance programme; condition
assessment programme
CAPEX see capital expenditure
CAPL see Canadian Association of Petroleum Landmen
CAR see construction all risks
CBD see cross-block development
CBM see coal bed methane; condition-based monitoring;
conventional buoy mooring
CBOB see conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending
CBR see crude by rail
CBW see clay-bound water
CCC see care, custody, control; command, control,
communication
CCGT see combined cycle gas turbine
CCIP see contractor-controlled insurance programme
CCR central control room; see Conradson carbon residue
CCS see carbon capture and storage; cargo containment
system
CCSU see carbon capture and storage unit
CCUS carbon capture, utilisation, storage
CDA see community development agreement
CDD see community driven development
CDU see conical drilling unit; crude dehydration unit; crude
distillation unit
CEGH see Central European Gas Hub
CEIMS see crisis, emergency, incident management system
CEMP see construction environmental management plan
CEMS see continuous emissions monitoring system
CEP see certified emissions profile
CFAR see cash flow at risk
CFD see contract for differences
CFG cubic feet of gas
CFPP see cold filter plugging point
CGL see commercial general liability
CGR see condensate–gas ratio
CGT capital gains tax
CHOPS see cold heavy oil production with sand
CHOPT see charterer’s option
CHOTO see commissioning, handover, and takeover
CHP see combined heat and power
CI see carbon intensity
CIA see conflict impact assessment
CIC commercial in confidence
CIDS see concrete island drilling system
CIF see cost insurance freight
CIM see confidential information memorandum
CISG see Convention on the International Sale of Goods
CJV see contractual joint venture
CLL see concentrated live load
CLNG see compact LNG
CM see conditioning monitoring
CM/OA see carbon mitigation/offset agreement
CMA see construction management agreement
CMM see coal mine methane
CMS see condition monitoring system
CMT see crisis management team
CN see cetane number; confirmation notice
CNG see compressed natural gas
CNS Central North Sea; see United Kingdom continental shelf
CO2e see carbon dioxide equivalent
CO see change order
COA see contract of affreightment
COB see clean on board; close of business
COC see carbon offset credit
COCO see company-owned company-operated
COD see commencement of deliveries; commercial operations
date
COFO see company-owned franchisee-operated
COFR see Certificate of Financial Responsibility
COLA see crude oil lifting agreement
Colreg see collision regulation
Con-A see Condition A
Con-B see Condition B
Con-C see Condition C
Con-O see other condition materials
COO see certificate of origin
COP see cessation of production
COPAS see Council of Petroleum Accountants Societies
CoQ certificate of quality; certificate of quantity
CORAN see core analysis report
COS see chance of success; cost of service
COSPA see crude oil sale and purchase agreement
COSS see company-owned service station
COTA see coal trading agreement; crude oil transportation
agreement
COU see conditions of use
COW see crude oil washing
CP see cathodic protection
CPOC see Conoco Phillips optimised cascade
CPP see central processing platform; clean petroleum
products
CPR see competent person’s report
CPT see cone penetration test
CQQO certificate of quantity, quality and origin
C-risk see completion risk
CRA see corrosion resistant alloy
CRINE see cost reduction in the new era
CRISTAL see contract regarding an interim supplement to tanker
liability
CS see continental shelf
CSA see credit support agreement; common stream
agreement
CSEM see controlled source electro-magnetic
CSG see coal seam gas
CSI see commercially sensitive information
CSO see complete shut-off
CSP see collector and separation platform
CSR see corporate and social responsibility
CSS see cyclic steam stimulation
CSU see commissioning and start-up
CSV see construction support vessel
CT see coiled tubing
CTA see commodity trading advisor
CTIA see construction and tie-in agreement
CTMS see custody transfer measurement system
CWD see commercial well declaration

D&A see dry and abandoned; drug and alcohol

D&C see drilling and completion
D:E see debt to equity
DAMFORDET see damages for detention
DAO see deasphalted oil
DAP see delivered at place
DAPS see days all purposes
DAS see day ahead scheduling; data acquisition system
DAT see delivered at terminal
DBBV see double block and bleed valve
DBC see depletion-based contract
DBO see double banking operation
DBT see double bottom tank
DCC see deep catalytic cracking
DCP damage control plan
DCQ see daily contract quantity
DCS Danish continental shelf
DCT see double containment tank
DDA see depreciation, depletion, and amortisation
DDC see daily drilling costs
DDDC see dedicated design day capacity
DDPPI see dollar-denominated petroleum production interest
DDR see daily drilling report
DEA see drag embedment anchor
DERV see diesel-engined road vehicle
DES see delivered ex-ship
DFDE see dual-fuel diesel electric
DFI see development finance institution
DFIT see diagnostic fracture injection test
DFQ see downward flexibility quantity
DFS see depleted field storage
DG see decision gate
DH see drilling history
DHC see dry hole costs
DHI see direct hydrocarbon indicator
DHO see domestic heating oil
DHSV see downhole safety valve
DIF see diversified investment fund
DIK see dollar inch kilometre
DIP see developed in production
DLB see ductility level blast
DLC see documentary letter of credit
DLS see dog-leg severity
DMA see dynamic mooring analysis
DME see dimethyl ether
DML see deliverables master list
DMO see domestic market obligation
DMR see dual mixed refrigerant
DNP see developed not producing
DNV see development not viable
DOC see daily operating costs
DOD see drill-on date
DODO see dealer-owned dealer-operated
DOF see digital oilfield
DOH see development on hold
DOP see deliver or pay
DOSS see dealer-owned service station
DP see development pending; dynamic positioning
DPP see dirty petroleum products
DPSA see development and production sharing agreement
DPT see downhole pressure and temperature
DPR see daily production rate
DPW see deep pool well
DR see developed reserves
DRA see drag-reducing agent
DRO see discovered resources opportunities
DRP see drill ready prospect
DRR see dismantling, removal, and restoration
DSA see decommissioning security agreement
DSCR see debt service coverage ratio
DSRA see debt service reserve account
DSS see days since spud
DST see drill stem testing
DSU see debt service undertaking
DSV see downhole safety valve
DSVC see deep sea vessel capacity
DSWL see design still water level
Dth see dekatherm
DTW see dealer tank wagon
DW see deep water
DWP deep water port
DWT see deadweight tonnage
DYNPOS see dynamic positioning
E&A see exploration and appraisal
E&C engineering and construction; ethics and compliance
E&E ecology and environment; electrical and electronics
E&P see exploration and production
E&S environmental and social
EBB see electronic bulletin board
EBITDA see earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and
amortisation
EBITDAX see EBITDA exploration expenses
ECA see emission control area; export credit agency
ECD see equivalent circulating density
ECS see elemental capture spectroscopy; Energy Charter
Secretariat
ECT see Energy Charter Treaty
ED see external diameter
EDC see equivalent distillation capacity
EDI see electronic data interchange
EDS see emergency disconnect sequence
EEA see exclusive exploitation authorization
EED energy exploration and development
EEMUA see Engineering Equipment and Material Users
Association
EEZ see exclusive economic zone
EFET see European Federation of Energy Traders
EFM see electronic flow measurement
EHS extremely hazardous substance
EI see Energy Institute
EIA see earn-in agreement/earn-out agreement; Energy
Information Administration; environmental impact
assessment
EIS East Irish Sea; see United Kingdom continental shelf
EITI see Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
EJV see equity joint venture
EMF see extensible modelling framework
EMT see environmental management team
ENTSOG see European Network of Transmission System
Operators for Gas
EOA see earn-in agreement/earn-out agreement
EOD see end of day
EOFL see end of field life
EOP see enhanced oil production
EOR see enhanced oil recovery; exporter of record
EOS see east of Suez
EOSP see end of sea passage
EOWR see end of well report
EPCI see engineering procurement construction installation
EPF see early production facility
EPIRB see emergency position-indicating radio beacon
EPM see ethane propane mix
EPR see explosion protection review
EPS electric power sector
EPSA see exploration and production sharing agreement
EPT see electromagnetic propagation tool; extended
production test
ERC see emergency release coupling
ERD see extended reach drilling
ERP see economically recoverable petroleum
ERR see economically recoverable reserves; effective royalty
rate
ERRV see emergency response rescue vessel
ERT see emergency response training
ESD see emergency shut-down
ESG see environmental, social, and governance
ESIA see environmental and social impact assessment
ESP see electric submersible pump
ESS see expandable sand screen
ESSA see emergency systems sustainability analysis
ETA see estimated time of arrival; event tree analysis
ETBE see ethyl tertiary butyl ether
ETD see estimated time of departure
ETRM see energy trading risk management
ETS see emissions trading scheme
EUR see estimated ultimate recovery
EV see expected value
EVA see extreme value analysis
EVL see erosional velocity limit
EWT see extended well test
ExplrPSA see exploration PSA
ExpltPSA see exploitation PSA

F&G see fire and gas

FAC see first aid case
FAF see fuel adjustment factor
FAME see fatty acid methyl ester
FAOP see full away on passage
FARO flowed at rate of
FAT see factory acceptance test
FCC see fluid catalytic cracking
FCT see full containment tank
FDP see field development plan
FDPSO see floating drilling production storage and offtake
FE see formation evaluation
FEA see fire and explosion analysis
FEED see front-end engineering design
FEP see flexible energy purchasing
FEPC see FEED EPC
FEWD see formation evaluation while drilling
FFM see full-field model
FFO see funded from operations
FFP fit for purpose
FFS fit for service
FGD see flue gas desulphurisation
FGS see field gathering station
FGSS see fuel gas supply system
FIA see farm-in agreement/farm-out agreement
FID see final investment decision
FIDIC see Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils
FIFO see first-in first-out
FILO see first-in last-out
FIP see free in pipe
FIT see formation integrity test
FL&U see fuel lost and unaccounted for
FLCR see field life coverage ratio
FLE see full lifecycle emissions
FLNG see floating LNG
FLNGV see floating LNG vessel
FLS see fatigue limit state
FM flare measurement; flow meter; see force majeure
FME see force majeure excepted
FMEA see failure mode and effects analysis
FMP see first marketable product
FMPER see force majeure pre-emption right
FMRQ see force majeure restoration quantity
FMV see fair market value
FOA see farm-in agreement/farm-out agreement
FOB see free on board
FOC fibre optic cable
FOD see fuel oil domestique
FONSI see finding of no significant impact
FPF see floating production facility
FPSO see floating production, storage, and offtake
FPW flowback and produced water
FQG see feed quality gas
FRC see fast rescue craft
FS see fail-safe
FSO see floating storage offshore
FSRU see floating storage and regasification unit
FSS see firm storage service
FSU see floating storage unit
ft3 see cubic foot
FTE see full-time employee
FTGG see full tensor gravity gradiometry
FTP see first tranche petroleum
FVF see formation volume factor
FW fresh water
FWKO see free water knock-out

G&A see general & administrative overhead

G&G see geological and geophysical
G&OCM see gas and oil-cut mud
G&P see gathering and processing
G&POFP see good and prudent oilfield practice
G&T see gathering and transportation
GAAP see generally accepted accounting principles
GAR see gas analysis recorder
GBA see gas balancing agreement
GBS see gravity-based structure
GCL see glycol carriage line
GCM see gas-cut mud
GCMS see gas chromatography mass spectrometry
GCU see gas containment unit
GDP see gas disposal project
GDPP see general development and production plan
GDT see gas down-to
GDU see gas dehydration unit
GECF see Gas Exporting Countries Forum
GEF see gas expansion factor
GERM see gas export regulation manifold
GFBE good faith best estimate
GFE good faith estimate
GGG see grid-grade gas
GHG see greenhouse gas
GIIGNL see Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz
Natural Liquefié
GIIP see gas initially in place
GIS see geographic information system
GISB see Gas Industry Standards Board
GJ see gigajoule
GLC see government-linked company
GMDSS see global maritime distress safety system
GNL see gaz natural liquefié
GN/WM see gross negligence/wilful misconduct
GOC see gas-oil contact; government-owned company
GOM Gulf of Mexico
GOR see gas-oil ratio; gross overriding royalty
GOSP see gas/oil separation plant
GOST see Gosudarstvennyy standart
GOV see gross observed volume
GP see general purpose
GPA see Gas Processors Association
GPM see gallons per minute
GPP see gas processing plant; guilty party pays
GPW see gross product worth
GRT see gross registered tonnage
GRV see gross rock volume
GSA see gas sales agreement
GSE see government-sponsored enterprise
GSPA see gas sale and purchase agreement
GSV see gross standard volume
GT gas turbine
GTA see gas transportation agreement
GTCs see general terms and conditions
GTD see general technical description
GTL see gas-to-liquids
GTP gas treatment platform; see gas-to-power
GTS see geologic time scale
GWC see gas-water contact
GWP see global warming potential

HAT see highest astronomical tide

HAZID hazard identification
Hazmat hazardous material
HAZOP see hazard and operability
HBL see hydrostatically balanced load
HBP see held-by production
HC see human capital
HCHP see high consequence high potential
HCLP see high consequence low potential
HCWC see hydrocarbon water contact
HD5 consumer-grade propane
HD10 propane which is graded below HD5
HFO see heavy fuel oil
HFS see hydraulic fracture stimulation
HGA see host government agreement
HHV see higher heating value
HIP see hydrate inhibitor pipeline
HiPo high potential
HIPPS see high integrity pressure protection system
HLO see helicopter landing officer
HLS see Heavy Louisiana Sweet
HLV heavy lift vessel
HOCM see heavy oil-cut mud
HP high-pressure
HP/HT see high-pressure/high-temperature
HPU see hydraulic power unit
HSD see high-speed diesel
HSE see health, safety, and environment
HSES health, safety, environment, and security
HSFO see high-sulphur fuel oil
HSI see high-stability instrumentation
HSP see hydraulic submersible pump
HSV see hyperbaric support vessel
HT high temperature
HUTIC see hook-up, tie-in, and commissioning
HVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioning
HVR see Hague-Visby Rules; see hydrocarbon value
realization
HX see heat exchanger

I&A inspection and acceptance

I&CN see industrial and cultural noise
I&R inspection and rejection
IA see implementation agreement
IACS see International Association of Classification Societies
IADC see International Association of Drilling Contractors
IBA see impact and benefits agreement
IBP see initial boiling point; Irish Balancing Point
ICC see International Chamber of Commerce
ICE see Intercontinental Exchange
ICOP see infrastructure code of practice
ICS Irish continental shelf; see International Commission on
Stratigraphy
ICSID see International Centre for Settlement of Investment
Disputes
ICSS see integrated control and safety system
ICV see inflow control valve
ID see internal diameter
IDD see internal due diligence
IDHL immediately dangerous to health and life
IEA see International Energy Agency
IEM see integrated energy market
IFO see intermediate fuel oil
IGA see inter-government agreement
IGC see IGC Code; internal gas consumption
IGCC see integrated gasification combined cycle
IGF see IGF Code
IGS see inert gas system
IGU see International Gas Union
IHUC see installation, hook-up, and commissioning
ILS see industry-led solution
ILX/ILEx see infrastructure-led exploration
IM see information memorandum
IMHH see industry mutual hold harmless
IMO see International Maritime Organisation
ImpG Imperial gallon
IMR see inspection, maintenance, and repair
INL see International Navigating Limits
INOC see international national oil company
IO see integrated operations
IOC see international oil company
IOGP see International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
IOR see importer of record; improved oil recovery
IPIECA see International Petroleum Industry Environmental
Conservation Association
IPMT see integrated project management team
IPP see independent power project
IPR see initial production rate; intellectual property rights
IRR see internal rate of return
IS Irish Sea
ISBL see inside battery limit
ISD see inherently safer design
ISDA see International Swaps and Derivatives Association
ISM see international safety management certificate
ISO see independent system operator; International
Organization for Standardization
ISP 98 see International Standby Practices 98
ISPS see International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
ISS see interruptible storage service
ITM see in-the-money
ITO see independent transmission operator
ITOPF see International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation
ITT see invitation to tender
IWL see Institute Warranty Limits
IWS see in-water survey

J&A see junked and abandoned

J&S see joint and several
J&WO see jettison and washed overboard
JCC see Japan Customs-cleared Crude
JDZ see joint development zone
JET A see aviation turbine kerosene
JET B see aviation turbine gasoline
JFD see justified for development
JIB see joint interest billings
JIP see joint industry project
JKM see Japan Korea Marker
JOA see joint operating agreement
JODI see joint oil data initiative
JSBA see joint study and bidding agreement
JTLTS see Joule Thompson low temperature separator
J-UB see jack-up barge
JVCo see joint venture company

K4K see knock-for-knock

KB see kelly bushing
KBD thousands of barrels per day
KBOE one thousand BOE
KD see knocked down
Kh see permeability height
KJ see kilojoule
KPI see key performance indicator

L&O see lease and operate

LACT see lease automatic custody transfer
LAER see lowest achievable emissions rate
LASROB see liquids and solids remaining on board
LAT see lowest astronomical tide
LBG see liquefied biogas
LC see letter of credit; local content
LCA see lifecycle assessment
LCHP see low consequence high potential
LCIPS see lowest carbon intensity project solution
LCLP see low consequence low potential
LCS lowest cost solution
LCZ see lost circulation zone
LDs see liquidated damages
LDC see local distribution company
LDD see loss damage delay
LDZ see local distribution zone
LEG see liquefied ethylene gas
LEL see lower explosive limit
LHV see lower heating value
LIFO see last-in first-out
LILO see last-in last-out
LIP see lifting in place
LKG lowest known gas
LKO lowest known oil
LLC see late life compression
LLCR see loan life coverage ratio
LLI see long-lead item
LLS see Light Louisiana Sweet
LMRP see lower marine riser package
LMS see legal minimum stock
LNA see learning needs assessment
LNG see liquefied natural gas
LNGC see LNG carrier
LOA see length overall
LOC see local oil company
LOGIC see Leading Oil and Gas Industry Competitiveness
LOPA see layer of protection analysis
LOPI see loss of production income insurance
LOS see line of sight
LOT see loaded on top
LOTO see lock-out tag-out
LOTOTO see lock-out tag-out try-out
LP liquid propane; low-pressure; see linear programme
LPFO see low pour fuel oil
LPG see liquefied petroleum gas
LQ see living quarters
LQE see letter of quiet enjoyment
LR1 see large range 1
LR2 see large range 2
LRG see liquefied refinery gas
LRS see long-range storage
LRV see liquefied natural gas regasification vessel
LSA see low specific activity
LSC see longshore current
LSFO see low sulphur fuel oil
LSMF see low sulphur marine fuel
LSTK see lump sum turnkey
LSWR see low sulphur waxy residue fuel oil
LT see long ton; low temperature
LTBP see London Tanker Brokers’ Panel
LTC see long term contract
LTFQ see long term fixed quantity
LTI see long term interruptible; lost time injury
LTM see last twelve months
LTMEBITDA see last twelve months EBITDA
LTMEBITDAX see last twelve months EBITDA exploration expenses
LTO see light tight oil
LTSA see long term sales agreement; long term services
agreement
LTT see lock-out tag-out try-out
LTX see low temperature separator
LUSC see liquefied natural gas unit shipping cost
LWD see logging while drilling

M one thousand
M&S see marketing and sales
M&T see measurement and testing
M-100 see mazut
m3 see cubic metre
Ma millions of years
MAASP see maximum allowable annulus surface pressure
MAC see material adverse change; mobile Arctic caisson
MAE see material adverse event
MAF see materials unaccounted for
MAH major accident hazard
MAOP see maximum allowable operating pressure
MARPOL see International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships
MASP see maximum allowable surface pressure
M-bal see material balance equation
MBBL one thousand barrels
MBL see mid-body length; minimum breaking load
MCal see megacalorie
MCHE see main cryogenic heat exchanger
MCR see maximum continuous rating
MCV see modular containment vessel
MD see measured depth; measured distance
MDEA see methyl diethanolamine
MDL see methane drainage licence
MDO see marine diesel oil
MDS see middle distillate synthesis
MDT see modular dynamic testing
MEFC see maximum economic finding cost
MEG see mono-ethylene glycol
MER see maximising economic recovery; maximum efficient
rate/most efficient recovery; merchant–equity ratio
MFDT see modular formation dynamics tester
MFN see most-favoured nation
MFO see marine fuel oil
MFP see minimum facility platform
MGO see marine gas oil
MGPS see marine growth prevention system
MHH see mutual hold harmless
MHHW see mean higher high water
MHWN see mean high water neaps
MHWS see mean high water springs
MICP see mercury injection capillary pressure
MILOS see middle distillates lower olefins selective
Mini-man see minimised manning
MIR moving in rig
MIT see mechanical integrity test; multilateral investment
treaty
MIYP see minimum internal yield pressure
MLA see marine loading arm
MLLW see mean lower low water
MLWN see mean low water neaps
MLWS see mean low water springs
MM one million
MMBBL one million barrels
MMLS see moveable modular liquefaction system
MMybp see millions of years before present
MOB see man overboard boat
MOC see management of change
MODU see mobile offshore drilling unit
MOF see material offloading facility
MOIC see multiple on invested capital
MON see motor octane number
MOOIP see moveable oil originally in place
MOPO see manual of permitted operations
MOPU see mobile offshore production unit
MOR see means of rescue
MPa see megapascal
MPD see managed pressure drilling; multiple product
dispenser
MPFM see multiphase flow meter
MPOP see maximum pipeline operating pressure
MPPF see multi-pad production facility
MR see medium range
MRL see mid-reach lateral
MRS see medium-range storage
MRV see measurement, reporting, verification
MSA see master sales agreement; master services agreement
MSDS see material safety data sheet
MSF see multi-stage fracking
MSL see mean sea-level; minimum stock to load
MSPA see master sale and purchase agreement
MT see metric tonne
MTBE see methyl tertiary butyl ether
MTC see mass-transport complex
MTD see mooring tension damper
MTM see mark-to-market
MTO see materials take off
MTPA metric tons per annum
MTTF see mean time to failure
MUI see maintenance of uniform interest
MVOP multi-vessel operation
MWC see minimum work commitment
MWD see measurement while drilling
MWE see minimum work expenditure
MWO see minimum work obligation

NAESB see North American Energy Standards Board

NAG see non-associated gas
NBP see National Balancing Point
NBP see short term flat agreement
1997/2015
NCI see Nelson complexity index
NCG see NetConnect Germany
NCS Norwegian continental shelf
NDA see non-disclosure agreement
NDT see non-destructive testing
NFI see no further investment
NFW see new field wildcat
NGLs see natural gas liquids
NGO see non-governmental organisation
NGV see natural gas vehicle
NLPM see normal litre per minute
NMI see near miss incident
NMOC see non-methane organic compounds
NMR see nuclear magnetic resonance
NNS Northern North Sea; see United Kingdom continental
shelf
NOC see national oil company
NOMI see non-operated minority interest
NOR see notice of readiness
NORA see notice of readiness accepted
NORM see naturally occurring radioactive material
NORR see notice of readiness rejected
NORSOK see Norwegian offshore operational standards
NORT see notice of readiness tendered
NOV see non-operated venture
NOX see nitrogen oxides
NPAI see not permanently attended installation
NPD see Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
NPF see non-producing facility
NPG see non-petroleum gases
NPI see net profit interest
NPRI see non-participating royalty interest
NPT see non-productive time
NPU see non-petroleum use
NPV see net present value
NPW see net product worth; new pool wildcat; non-producing
wellbore
NRA see national regulatory authority
NRT see net registered tonnage
NRU see nitrogen rejection unit
NSV see net standard volume
NTGR see net–gross ratio
NTM see next twelve months
NTPA see negotiated third party access
NTRs see non-technical risks
NTS see National Transmission System; non-technical
summary
NUI see normally uninhabited (unattended) installation
NYMEX see New York Mercantile Exchange

O&M see operating (operation) and maintenance

O&MA see operating (operation) and maintenance agreement
OBA see operational balancing agreement
OBC see ocean bottom current
OBE see open book estimate; operating basis earthquake
OBL see oil-backed loan
OBM see obsolescing bargain model; oil-based mud
OBN see ocean bottom node
OBO see operated-by-other
OBQ see on-board quantity
OCGT see open cycle gas turbine
OCIMF see Oil Companies International Marine Forum
OCIP see owner-controlled insurance programme
OCM see oil-cut mud; operating committee meeting
OCO see one-cancels-other
OCS see outer continental shelf
ODT see oil down-to
OE operating efficiency/operational efficiency; see oil
equivalent
OEE see operator’s extra expense
OEG see oil-equivalent gas
OEL see Oil Exploration Licence
OEM see original equipment manufacturer
OFID see OPEC fund for international development
OFO see operational flow order
OFS see oil field services
OGM see on ground maximum
OGSE see oil and gas services and equipment
OGUK see Oil and Gas UK Limited
OH see open hole
OHADA see Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du
Droit des Affaires
OHGP see open hole gravel pack
OIIP see oil initially in place
OIM see offshore installation manager
OLR see onshore licensing round
OML see Oil Mining Licence
OMS see operations management system
OOC office/occupancy costs
OOL see oil offloading line
OOS see oil offloading system
OpCom see operating committee
OPE see oil price escalation
OPEC see Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEC+ see Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries +
OPEX see operating expenditure
OPF see open flow potential
OPL see Oil Prospecting Licence
OPM see other peoples’ money
OPOL see offshore pollution liability agreement
ORA see operational risk assessment
ORRI see overriding royalty interest
ORV see open rack vaporiser
OS&D see over short and damage
OSBL see outside battery limit
OSC see oilfield service company
OSCP oil spill contingency plan
OSP see official sales price
OSPAR see Oslo and Paris Conventions
OSR see offshore service rig
OSV see offshore support vessel; offshore supply vessel
OTM see out-of-the-money
OTR see on the rig
OTT see over the tide
OTTP see offshore title transfer point
OU see ownership unbundling
OVSP see offset vertical seismic profile
OWC see oil–water contact

P10 see possible reserves

P50 see probable reserves
P90 see proved reserves
P&A see plug and abandon
P&I see protection and indemnity club
P&ID see piping and instrumentation diagram
P&MS see plug and make safe
P&P see porosity and permeability
P&S see produced and saved
Pa see Pascal
PACV see pressure activated circulating valve
PALS see park and loan service
PAM see passive acoustic monitoring
PAR see pre-assembled rack
PAU see pre-assembled unit
P/B see propane/butane ratio
PBE see play-based exploration
PBL see parallel body length
PBM see political bargaining model
PBS see pilot boarding station
PBSI see pilot boarding station inbound
PBSO see pilot boarding station outbound
Pc see chance of commerciality
PC see part cargo
PCG see parent company guarantee
PCOP see permanent cessation of production
PCP see progressive cavity pump
Pd see chance of development
PDH see propane dehydrogenation
PDNP see proved developed not producing
PDP see proved developed producing
PE petroleum engineer; see permanent establishment
PEC see production enhancement contract
PEDL see petroleum exploration development licence
PEG see Point d’Échange de Gaz
PEL see permissible exposure limit
PEMS see predictive emissions monitoring system
PER see process energy requirement
PERC see powered emergency release coupling
PFD see planned for development
PFF see pipes, flanges, and fittings
PFP see passive fire protection
Pg see chance of geologic discovery
PGA see planning gain agreement
PHA see production handling agreement
PI see productivity index
PIANC see Permanent International Association of Navigation
Congresses
PIB see product information bulletin
PIC payment in cash
PIF see petroleum investment fund
PIK payment in kind; see payment in-kind interest
PIP see produced into pipeline
PIR see potential impact radius
PIT see pressure integrity test
PKD see partly knocked down
PLA see port liability agreement
PLCR see project life coverage ratio
PLEM see pipeline end manifold
PLET see pipeline end termination
PLSV see pipelay support vessel
PLT see production logging tool
PLV see pipelay vessel
PMC project management consultant
PMS see premium motor spirit
PMT see project management team
PND see proved not developed
PNG see pipeline natural gas
PO see purchase order
POA see power of attorney
POB see personnel on board
POC see proof of concept
POD see plan of development
POL see petrol, oil, lubricants
POP see percentage of proceeds contract; periodic operating
plan; pipeline operating principles
POS see probability of success
POSA see processing and operating services agreement
POSMOOR see position mooring
POT see proven offshore technology
PPA see power purchase agreement
PPD see pour-point depressant
PPE see personal protective equipment
PPI see percentage participating interest
PPM parts per million; see planned preventative
maintenance; predictive preventative maintenance
PPMV parts per million (measured by) volume
PPMW parts per million (measured by) weight
PQG see pipeline quality gas
PR see proved reservoir
PRA see price reporting agency
PRG see partial risk guarantee
PRI see political risk insurance
PRICO see poly refrigerant integral cycle operation
PSA see pressure swing adsorption; product sales agreement
PSC see production sharing contract
PSD see planned shut-down
PSDM see pre-stack depth migration
Psi see pound per square inch
PSL see pipeline safety limit
PSM see profit-sharing mechanism
PSO see public service obligation
PSONR see permanent sovereignty over natural resources
PSR see pipeline system rules
PSS see pseudo steady state
PSSR see pre-start-up safety review
PSTM see pre-stack time migration
PSUA see pre-start-up audit
PSV see platform supply vessel; Punto di Scambio Virtuale
PTA see pressure transient analysis
PTL see produce the limit
PTO see permit to operate
PTW see permit to work
PTZ see pan tilt zoom
PU see petroleum use
PUA see pre-unit agreement
PUD see proved undeveloped
PV 10 see present value 10
PV see pore volume
PVV see pressure vacuum valve
PVT see pressure, volume, temperature
PW see potable water; produced water; producing wellbore
PWD see pressure while drilling
PWO see produced water overboard

Q88 see Questionnaire 88

Q&Q quality and quantity
QAP see quality activity plan
QA/QC see quality assurance/quality control
QC/DC quick connection/disconnection coupling
Q-Flex see Qatar Flex
Q-Max see Qatar Max
QRA see quantitative risk assessment
QRMH see quick release mooring hooks
QTF see quadratic transfer function
QU see quarters and utilities

R&D research and development

R&LE refurbishment and life extension
R&M see refining and marketing; repair and maintenance
R&R see repeatability and reproducibility
RACC see refinery acquisition cost of crude
RAD see radioactive densitometer
RAM see reliability, availability, maintenance
RAO see response amplitude operator
RBC see regulation below cost
RBI see risk-based inspection
RBL see reserves-based lending
RBOB see reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending
RC reinforced concrete
RCA see root cause analysis; routine core analysis
RCM see restricted catenary mooring
RCP see reduced circulating pressure
RCS see regulation cost of service
RD&D research, design, and development
RE reasonable endeavours; reservoir engineer
REBCO see Russian export blend crude oil
RES see renewable energy source
RF see recovery factor
RFG see reformulated gasoline
RFO see ready for operation; residual fuel oil
RFT see repeat formation testing
RMMLF see Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation
RMP see reservoir management plan
RNG see renewable natural gas
RO see retail outlet
ROB see retention on board
ROFO see right of first offer
ROFR see right of first refusal
RON see research octane number
ROP see rate of penetration
ROR see rate of return
ROT see retention of title
ROTR see resources other than reserves
ROV see remote operated vehicle
ROZ see residual oil zone
RP see return period
RPG see remote power generation
RPM see resale price maintenance
RPO see reasonable and prudent operator
RPT see rapid phase transition
RQ see reservoir quality
RRF see risk reduction factor
RRR see reserves replacement ratio
RSC see rotary sidewall core
RSD see routine shut-down
RSG see responsibly sourced gas
RSWC rock samples with cuttings
R/T see royalty/tax
RTD see reserve tail date
RTP see ready to produce
RTPA see regulated third-party access
RU see reservoir
RVP see Reid vapour pressure

S&M see statute and mandate

S&OR safety and operational risk
S&W sediment and water; see basic sediment and water
SAGD see steam-assisted gravity drainage
SALM see single anchor loading/leg mooring
SAPG see stranded area power generation
SAS see surveyed after shipment
SBC see supply based contract
SBGD see sea-bed gas diverter
SBLC see standby letter of credit
SBM see single buoy mooring; synthetic-based mud
SBS see surveyed before shipment
SBU see standard bundled unit
SC see sidewall core
SCA see structural consequences analysis
SCADA see supervisory control and data acquisition
SCAL see special core analysis
SCAP see supply chain action plan
SCE see safety critical element
scf standard cubic foot; see cubic foot
SCGT see single cycle gas turbine
SCM see supply chain management
SCO see stabilised crude oil
SCT see single containment tank
Scuf standard cubic foot; see cubic foot
SCV see submerged combustion vaporiser
SDA see solvent deasphalting
SDR see shared data repository
SDV see shut-down valve
SEC US Securities and Exchange Commission
SFO see storage facility owner
SFU see storage facility user
SHE see safety, health, and environment
SHEQ safety, health, environment, quality
SHEX see Sundays and holidays excluded
SHINC see Sundays and holidays included
SHOPT see shipowner’s option
SIA see smoke ingress analysis
SIBHP see shut in bottomhole pressure
SICP see shut in casing pressure
SIDSP see shut in drill stem pressure
SIF see safety instrumented function
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
They fell upon the paper like wolves upon a lamb, and an instant later
Mademoiselle, grasping the order, hurried up the rue Saint Antoine to open
the city's gates.

Not far from the Hôtel de Ville a cavalier in a blood-stained doublet, blinded
by blood from a wound in his forehead, passed her, led like a child between
two soldiers; both of the soldiers were weeping: it was La Rochefoucauld.
Mademoiselle called his name, but he did not answer. At the entrance to the
rue Saint Antoine another wounded man appeared, bareheaded, with blood-
stained raiment; a man walking beside him held him on his horse.
Mademoiselle asked him: "Shalt thou die of thy wounds?" he tried to move his
head as he passed on. He was "little Guiteau," Mademoiselle's friend who had
carried the "olive branch" to Condé's prison. But they were coming so fast
that it was hard to count them—another—then another! Mademoiselle said: "I
found them in the rue Saint Antoine at every step! and they were wounded
everywhere ... head ... arms ... legs! ... they were on horse—on foot—on biers
—on ladders—on litters! Some of them were dead."
An aristocratic procession! The quality of France, sacrificed in the supreme
attempt against man's symbol of God's omnipotence: the Royalty of the King!
By the favour of the leader of the tradesmen the gates of Paris had opened to
let pass the high nobility. Paris enjoyed the spectacle. The ramparts swarmed
with sightseers; and Louis XIV., guarded by Mazarin, looked down upon them
all from the heights of Charonne.

The soldiers of the Fronde had had enough! Crying, "Let the chiefs march!"
they broke ranks. So it came to pass that all who fought that day were nobles.
The faubourg saw battalions formed of princes and seigniors, and the infantry
who manned the barricades bore the mighty names of ancient France. Condé
was their leader and, culpable though he had been, that day he purged his
crimes against the country by giving France one of the visions of heroism
which exalt the soul.

Condé was everywhere! "A demon!" said the soldiers of the King;
"superhuman" his own men called him. Like the preux chevaliers of the
legends, he plunged into the fray, went down and rose with cuirass dented
and red with blood, to plunge and to come forth again.
The friends dearest to his heart fell at his feet, and still he bore his part. He
fought with all-mastering courage; he inspired his men; and the stolid
bourgeois and the common people upon the ramparts, moved to great pity,
cried out with indignation that it was a shame to France to leave such a man
to perish. That combat was like a dream to the survivors. Condé's orders were
so sharp and clear that they rang like the notes of a trumpet; his action was
miraculous, and in after years, when his officers talked of Roland or of
Rodrigue, they asserted, to the astonishment of their hearers, that they had
known both those redoubtable warriors and fought in their company on many
a hard won, or a hard lost, field. To their minds there was neither Rodrigue
nor Roland; they knew but one hero, and he was "Condé."

That day in the Faubourg Saint Antoine, at the gates of Paris, bathed with the
blood and the sweat of the combat, when he had all but swooned in his
cuirass, he rushed from the field, stripped, and rolled in the grass as a horse
rolls; then slipped into his war harness and took his place at the head of his
army, as fresh as he had been before the battle.
But neither his courage nor his strength could have saved him, and he, and all
his men, would have perished by the city ditch if Mademoiselle had not forced
Paris to open the gates.
Some one living in the rue Saint Antoine offered Mademoiselle shelter, and
she retired an instant from the field. Soon after she entered her refuge Condé
visited her and she thus recorded her impressions of the day:

As soon as I entered the house M. le Prince came in to see me. He was in

piteous case. His face was covered with dust two inches deep; his hair
was tangled, and although he had not been wounded, his collar and shirt
were full of blood. His cuirass was dented; he held his bare sword in his
hand; he had lost the scabbard. He gave his sword to my equerry and
said to me: "You see before you a despairing man! I have lost all my
friends!" ... Then he fell weeping upon a chair and begged me to forgive
him for showing his sorrow,—and to think that people say that Condé
cannot love! I have always known that he can love, and that when he
loves he is fond and gentle.
 PRINCE DE CONDÉ
Mademoiselle spoke to Condé of the battle. They agreed upon a plan for
ending it, and Condé returned to the field to lead the retreat. Mademoiselle
went to the window to watch the men take out the baggage and make ready
for the march. She could see the guns. The people of the faubourgs carried
drink to the men in the ranks and tried to help the wounded; and she who
had been taught to ignore the emotions and the actions of inferiors wept
when she saw the famished people of the lower orders depriving themselves
to comfort the men who had laid waste the suburbs; Condé and his troops
were well known to them all.
Disgust for the prevailing disorder had turned the thoughts of the bourgeois
toward Mazarin, whose earlier rule had given the nation a taste of peace.
Mademoiselle, who knew nothing of the bourgeois, was aghast at their
indifference to the sufferings of the wounded. The men of peace looked with
curiosity upon the battle; some laughed aloud; others stood upon the
ramparts and fired upon the retreating Frondeurs. Mademoiselle left her
window but once; then she ran through the rue Saint Antoine to the Bastille,
and, climbing to the summit of the tower, looked through the glass. The battle
was raging; she saw the order given to cut off Condé, and, commanding the
gunners to train their guns on the King's army, she returned to her post,
veiled by smoke and choked by powder, to enjoy her glory; and it was glory
enough. Twice in the same day she had saved M. le Prince. As one man the
retreating army of the Fronde turned to salute her, and all cried: "You have
delivered us!" Condé was so grateful that his voice failed him.

That evening at the Luxembourg, and the evening following, at the Tuileries,
after a night robbed of sleep by thoughts of the dead and the wounded of her
army, Mademoiselle heard praise which called her back to the demands of life.
Her father did not address her, and his manner repelled her advances. Toward
evening, when he supposed that all danger had passed, he went to
congratulate Condé. His bearing was gay and pleasant and his face was
roguish and smiling. In the evening his expression changed, and
Mademoiselle noted the change and explained it to his credit; she said: "I
attributed that change to his repentance. He was thinking that he had let me
do what he ought to have done." We know that Gaston was not given to
repentance; all that he regretted was that he had permitted his daughter to
take an important place among the active agents of the Fronde; he was
envious and spiteful; but neither envy nor spite could have been called his
ruling failing; his prevailing emotion was fear.
The 4th July the bourgeois of Paris met in the Hôtel de Ville to decide upon
future action. The city was without a government. The princes, Monsieur, and
Condé attended the meeting; they supposed that the Assembly would appoint
them Directors of Public Affairs. The supposition was natural enough.
However, the Assembly ignored them and discussed plans for a reconciliation
with the Regency, and they, the princes, retired from the meeting furiously
angry. When they went out the Grève was full of people; in the crowd were
officers of the army, soldiers, and priests.[161]
 DUC D'ORLÉANS
Several historians have said that the princes, or their following, incited the
people to punish the bourgeois for the slight offered by them to their natural
directors. No one knew how it began. As Monsieur and Condé left the Grève
and crossed the river, shots were fired behind them. They went their way
without looking back. Mademoiselle was awaiting them at the Luxembourg.
Her account of the night's work follows:

As it was very warm, Monsieur entered his room to change his shirt. The
rest of the company were talking quietly when a bourgeois came in all
out of breath; he could hardly speak, he had come so fast and in such
fear. He said to us: "The Hôtel de Ville is burning and they are firing
guns; they are killing each other." Condé went to call Monsieur, and
Monsieur, forgetting the disorder in which he was, came into the room in
his shirt, before all the ladies. Monsieur said to Condé: "Cousin, do you
go over to the Hôtel de Ville." But Condé refused to go, and when he
 would not go to quiet the disturbance people had reason to say that he
had planned the whole affair and paid the assassins.

That was what was unanimously declared. It was the most barbarous action
known since the beginning of the Monarchy.[162] Outraged in his pride and in
his will because the bourgeois had dared to offer him resistance, the splendid
hero of the Faubourg Saint Antoine, at the fatal moment, fell to the level of
Septembrist; and as Monsieur must have known all about it, and as he did
nothing to prevent it, he was Condé's accomplice.

As de Beaufort was on excellent terms with the mob, the princes sent him to
the Hôtel de Ville; he set out upon his mission and Mademoiselle, who had
followed close upon his heels, loitered and listened to the comments of the
people. When she returned and told her father what she had heard Gaston
was terrified; he ordered her to go back to the Hôtel de Ville and reconnoitre.
It was long past midnight, and the streets were deserted. The Hôtel de Ville
was a ruin; the doors and windows were gone, and the flames were still
licking the charred beams; the interior had been pillaged. "I picked my way,"
said Mademoiselle, "among the planks; they were still flaming. I had never
seen such a desolate place; we looked everywhere, but we could see no one."
They were about to leave the ruins when the provost of the merchants
emerged from his hiding-place (probably in the cellar) with the men who had
been with him.
Mademoiselle found them a safe lodging and went back to her palace. Day
had dawned; people were gathering in the Place de Grève; some were trying
to identify the dead. Among the dead were priests, members of Parliament,
and between thirty and forty bourgeois. Many had been wounded.
The people blessed Mademoiselle, but she turned sorrowfully away. She
thought that nothing could atone for such a murder. She said of the event:

People spoke of that affair in different ways; but however they spoke,
they all agreed in blaming his Royal Highness and M. le Prince. I never
mentioned it to either of them, and I am very glad not to know anything
about it, because if they did wrong I should be sorry to know it; and that
action displeased me so that I could not bear to think that any one so
closely connected with me could not only tolerate the thought of such a
thing, but do it. That blow was the blow with the club; it felled the party.
Immediately after the fire, when the city was panic-stricken, M. le Prince's
future promised success; he had every reason to hope. Many of the political
leaders had left Paris, and taking advantage of that fact, and of the general
fear, Condé marshalled the débris of the Parliament, and they nominated a
cabinet. Gaston was the nominal head; Condé was generalissimo. The Hôtel
de Ville had been repaired, the cabinet was installed there, and Broussel was
provost of merchants, but the knock-down "blow with the club" had made his
power illusory. Generally the public conscience was callous enough where
murders were concerned, but it rebelled against the murder of 4th July. The
common saying in Paris was that the affair was a cowardly trap, deliberately
set. Public opinion was firm, and the Condé party fell. Before the massacre
the country had been tired of civil war. After the massacre it abhorred it. The
people saw the Fronde in its true light. With the exception of a few members
of Parliament,—patriots and would-be humanitarians,—who had thought of
France? The two junior branches, or the nobility? They had called the
Spaniards to an alliance against Frenchmen, and, to further their selfish
interests, they had led their own brothers into a pitfall.
Who had cared for the sufferings of the people? The Fronde had been a
deception practised upon the country; a systematic scheme fostered by men
and women for personal benefit. To the labourer hunted from his home to die
in the woods, to the bourgeois whose business had been tied up four years,
what mattered it that the wife of La Rochefoucauld was seated before the
Queen? Was it pleasure to the people dying of famine to know that M. de
Longueville was drawing a salary as Governor of Pont de l'Arche? A fine
consolation, truly! it clothed and fed the children, it brought back the dead, to
maintain a camp of tinselled merry-makers, "among whom nothing could be
seen but collations of gallantry to women."
Those were not new reflections, but they had acquired a force which acted
directly upon the currents established by Mazarin; and just at the moment
when the people awoke to their meaning, the Queen's clairvoyant counsellor
removed the last scruple from the public conscience by voluntarily returning to
his exile (19th August).
Then came the general break-up. Every man of any importance in Paris raised
his voice; deputies were sent to ask the King to recall Mazarin. Retz, whose
manners had accommodated themselves to his hat, was among the first to
demand the recall, and his demand was echoed by his clergy. Monsieur (and
that was a true sign) judged that the time had come to part company with his
associates; he engaged in private negotiations with the Court. The soldiers
vanished; Condé, feeling that his cause was lost, essayed to make peace, and
failed, as he always failed, because no one could accept such terms as he
offered. As his situation was critical, his friends shunned him. Mademoiselle
still clung to him, and she was loved and honoured; but, as it was known that
she lacked judgment, her fondness for him did not prove anything in his
favour.
Mademoiselle was convinced of her own ability; she knew that she was a
great general. She formed insensate projects. One of her plans was to raise,
to equip, and to maintain an army at her own expense: "The Army of
Mademoiselle." Such an army would naturally conquer difficulties. Some
foreign Power would surrender a strong city,—or even two strong cities; and
then the King of France would recognise his true interests, and capitulate to
the tall cousin who had twice saved Condé and taken Orleans single-handed,
—and at last, after all her trials, having done her whole duty, she would drain
the last drops of her bitter draught, and find the closed crown lying at the
bottom of her cup,—unless—. There was a very powerful alternative.
Mademoiselle's mind vacillated between the King of France and the great
French hero: M. le Prince de Condé. An alliance with Condé was among the
possibilities. The physical condition of Condé's wife permitted a hope,—twice
within a period of two weeks she had been at death's door. On the last
occasion Paris had been informed of her condition in the evening.

I was at Renard's Garden [wrote Mademoiselle]. M. le Prince was with

me. We strolled twice through the alleys without speaking one word. I
thought that probably he was thinking that every one was watching him,
—and I believed that I was thinking of just what he was thinking,—so we
were both very much embarrassed.

That night the courtiers paid court to Mademoiselle,—they spoke freely of the
re-marriage of M. le Prince,—in short, they did everything but congratulate
her in plain words.
Though Mademoiselle knew that her fairy tales were false, she half believed in
them. In her heart she felt that her heroinate—if I may use the term—was
drawing to a close, and she desired to enjoy all that remained to her to the
full. In her ardour she made a spectacle of herself. She appeared with her
troops before Paris, playing with her army as a child plays with leaden
soldiers. She loved to listen to the drums and trumpets, and to look upon the
brilliant uniforms. One night M. le Prince invited her to dine at his
headquarters, and she arrived, followed by her staff. She never forgot that
evening. "The dirtiest man in the world" had had his hair and his beard
trimmed, and put on white linen in her honour,—"which made great talk."
Condé and his staff drank to her health kneeling, while the trumpets blared
and the cannon thundered. She reviewed the army and pressed forward as far
as the line of the royal pickets. Of that occasion she said: "I spoke to the royal
troops some time, then I urged my horse forward, for I had great longing to
enter the camp of the enemy. M. le Prince dashed on ahead of me, seized my
horse's bridle, and turned me back."
That evening she published the orders of the day, did anything and everything
devolving upon any and all of the officers on duty, and proved by look and by
word that she was a true soldier. When it was all over she rode back to Paris
in the moonlight, followed by her staff and escorted by Condé and his general
officers. The evening ended with a gay supper at the Tuileries.
That visit went to her head, and a few days later she besought her father to
hang the chiefs of the Reaction. "Monsieur lacked vigour." That was the
construction which Mademoiselle put upon his refusal to hang her enemies,
and it was well for her that he did, for the hour of the accounting was at
hand. The 13th October she was intoxicated for the last time with the sound
of clanking arms and the glitter of uniforms. M. le Prince with all his army
visited her to say "farewell." The Prince was to lead his army to the East; no
one knew to what fortune. She wrote mournfully:

It was so beautiful to see the great alley of the Tuileries full of people all
finely dressed! M. le Prince wore a very handsome habit of the colour of
iron, of gold, of silver, and of black over grey, and a blue scarf, which he
wore as the Germans wear theirs,—under a close-coat, which was not
buttoned. I felt great regret to see them go, and I avow that I wept when
I bade them adieu ... it was so lonely ... it was so strange ... not to see
them any more ... it hurt me so! And all the rumours gave as reason for
thinking that the King was coming and that we all should be turned out.

The princes left Paris on Sunday. The following Saturday, in the morning,
when Mademoiselle was in the hands of her hair-dresser, she received a letter
from the King notifying her that, as he should arrive in Paris to remain
permanently, and as he had no palace but the Tuileries in which to lodge his
brother, he should require her to vacate the Tuileries before noon on the day
following. Mademoiselle was literally turned out of the house, and on notice
so short that anything like orderly retreat was impossible. Borne down by the
weight of her chagrin, she sought shelter where best she could. We are told
that she "hid her face at the house of one of her friends," and it is probable
that to say that she hid her face but feebly expresses the bitterness of the
grief with which she turned from the only home that she had ever known, in
which she had lived with her princely retinue, and which she had thought to
leave only to enter the King's palace as Queen of France. She was brave; she
talked proudly of her power to overthrow royalty, and to carry revolution to
the gates of the Palais Royal, and until the people saw their young King her
boasts were not vain; but her better nature triumphed, and in the end her
wrath was drowned in tears. The day after she received notice to vacate the
palace she was informed that her father had been exiled. She went to the
Luxembourg to condole with him. On the way she saw the King. She passed
him unseen by him. He had grown tall; he saluted the people gracefully and
with the air of a king; he was a bright, handsome boy. The people applauded
him with frenzy.
Mademoiselle found her father bristling with fury; his staring eyes transfixed
her. At sight of her he cried angrily that he had no account to render to her;
then, to quote Mademoiselle's words, "Each told the other his truths."
Monsieur reminded her that she had "put herself forward with unseemly
boldness," and that she had compromised the name of d'Orléans by her
anxiety to "play the heroine." She answered as she thought it just and in
accordance with the rights of her quality to answer. She demonstrated to her
father that there were "characters" upon earth who refused to give written
orders because they feared to be confronted by their signatures when
personal safety required a denial of the truth. She explained the principle of
physical timidity and incidentally rehearsed all the grievances of her life.
Gaston answered her. The quarrel ended, Mademoiselle piteously begged her
father to let her live under his protection. She recorded his answer word for
word, with all the incidents of the interview:

He answered me: "I have no vacant lodging." I said that there was no
one in that house who was not indebted to me, and that I thought that
no one had a better right to live there than I had. He answered me tartly:
"All who live under my roof are necessary to me, and they will not be
dislodged." I said to him: "As your Royal Highness will not let me live with
you, I shall go to the Hôtel Condé, which is vacant; no one is living there
at present." He answered: "That I will not permit!" I asked: "Where,
then, do you wish me to go, sir?" He answered: "Where you please!" and
he turned away.

The day after that interview, at a word from the King, all the Frondeurs left
Paris. The highways were crowded with great lords in penance and with
heroines "retired." Poor broken idols! the people of Paris were still chanting
their glory! Monsieur departed, bag and baggage, at break of day,
Avec une extreme vitesse.

* * * * *

Mademoiselle son ainée

Disparut la même journée.[163]

The daughter of the victim of degeneracy had developed her father's

weakness. Although Mademoiselle was in safety, she trembled. She who had
challenged death in the last combat of the Fronde, laughing merrily as she
trained the guns on the King of France, thrilled with terror when letter
followed letter warning her to leave Paris, and giving her the names of people
destined for the Bastille. All the letters, were anonymous, and all were in
different and unknown hands.
She did not wait to ask who wrote the letters; she did not listen to her faithful
Préfontaine, who assured her that there was no danger and begged her to be
calm.
La Grande Mademoiselle, appalled, beside herself, unmindful of her glory and
her dignity, crying out wild orders to the people who blocked her way, fled
from Paris in a hired coach driven by a common coachman. She did not
breathe freely until the scene of her triumphs lay far behind her, and even
then, the appearance of a cavalier, however peaceable, caused her new
terror; she prayed, she trembled; a more piteous retreat was never made!
But the adventures of the route distracted her thoughts. She was masked,
travelling as "Mme. Dupré," a woman of an inferior order. She dined with her
fellow-travellers in public rooms, talked freely with common people, and faced
life on an equality with the canaille. For a royal personage such experience
had savour. One day in the kitchen of an inn a monk talked to her long and
earnestly of the events of the day and of Mademoiselle, the niece of Louis
XIII., and her high feats. "Yes!" said the priest, "she is a brave girl; a brave
girl indeed! She is a girl who could carry a spear as easily as she could wear a
mask!"
Mademoiselle's journey ended at the château of a friend, who welcomed her
and concealed her with romantic satisfaction; being as sentimental as the
shepherdesses of Astrée, it pleased the chatelaine to fancy that her guest was
in peril of death and that a price was set upon her head. She surrounded
Mademoiselle with impenetrable mystery. A few tried friends fetched and
carried the heroine's correspondence with Condé. Condé implored her to join
the legion on the frontier; he wrote to her: "I offer you my places and my
army. M. de Lorraine offers you his quarters and his army, and
Fuensaldagne[164] offers you the same."
Mademoiselle was wise enough to refuse their offers; but she was homeless;
she knew that she must make some decisive move; she could not remain in
hiding, like the princess of a romance. Monsieur was at Blois, but he was fully
determined that she should not live with him.
When Préfontaine begged him not to refuse his daughter a father's protection,
he answered furiously: "I will not receive her! If she comes here I will drive
her back!"
Mademoiselle determined to face her destiny. She was alone; they who loved
her had no right to protect her. She had a château at Saint Fargeau, and she
looked upon it as a refuge.
Again the heroine took the road, and she had hardly set foot upon the
highway when the King's messenger halted her and delivered a letter from his
royal master.
Louis XIV. guaranteed her "all surety and freedom in any place in which she
might elect to live." Mademoiselle, who had trembled with fear when the
King's messenger appeared, read her letter with vexation; she had revelled in
the thought that the Court was languishing in ignorance of her whereabouts.
She had gone fast and far and accomplished twenty leagues without a halt,
when such a fit of terror seized her that she hid her head. Had she been in
Paris, the courtiers would have called her seizure "one of the attacks of
Monsieur." It was an ungovernable panic; despite the King's warrant she
thought that the royal army was at her heels, and that the walls of a dungeon
confronted her. Her attendants could not calm her. The heroine was dead and
a despairing, half-distracted woman entered the Château of Saint Fargeau.
She said of her arrival:
"The bridge was broken and the coach could not cross it, so I was forced to
go on foot. It was two o'clock in the morning. I entered an old house—my
home—without doors or windows; and in the court the weeds were knee-
high.... Fear, horror, and grief seized me, and I wept."
Let her weep. It was no more than she deserved to do as penalty for all the
evil that she had brought about by the Fronde. Four years of a flagitious war,
begun as the effort of conscientious patriots, under pressure of the general
interest, then turned to a perambulating exhibition of selfish vanities and a
hunt for écus which wrecked the peace and the prosperity of France!
In one single diocese (Laon) more than twenty curés were forced to desert
their villages because they had neither parishioners nor means of living.
Throughout the kingdom men had been made servile by physical and moral
suffering and by the need of rest; borne down by the imperious demands of
worn-out nature, they loathed action. The heroes of Corneille (of the ideal
"superhuman" type of the heroes of Nietzsche) had had their day and the
hour of the natural man—human, not superhuman—had come.
Five years later, when Mademoiselle returned to Paris, she found a new world,
with manners in sharp contrast with her own. It was her fate to yield to the
influence of the new ideal, when, forgetting that a certain degree of quality
"lifts the soul above tenderness," she yielded up her soul to Lauzun in
romantic love. Some day, not far distant, we shall meet her in her new
sphere.
 INDEX

Absinthe and Folly, 339, 340

Absolute monarchy, the, 229, 230

Absolution, 277
Académie l' Française (see Conrart and Corneille)

"Academy," the, 38, 39, 41

Adamas (the druid), 104

Administration, 248

Adolphus, Gustavus, 33, 34

Adonis, 129

Æstheticism, 107

Alaric, 141

Alcidon, 172

Alençon, d', 6

Alidor, 171

Alizon, 332
Alphise, 137
Amazons, 31, 408

Amelotte, Père, 278

Aminta, Tasso's, 168

Ancestors, 4

Andilly, d', Arnauld, 31, 35, 37

Andrieux, d', the Chevalier, 117

Angelieo, Fra, 205

Angennes, d', Julie (Mme. Moutausier), 42

Angoulême, d', Duc, 339

Angoumois, the hermit of, 144

Anjou, 116

Anne of Austria, her appearance, 14;

Louis XIII. accuses her of love for Monsieur, 19;
her retort, 20;
her visits to Renard's Garden, her retinue, 25-27;
her disgrace, and her appeal to La Rochefoucauld, 35;
her kindness to Mademoiselle, 59;
her detestation of de Richelieu and de Richelieu's revenge, 83;
her hopes and rehabilitation, 86, 87;
her lack of jealousy, 86;
her promise to Mademoiselle, 89;
the attentions of the Duc de Bellegarde, 96, 97;
her patronage of the drama, 183, 184;
her second promise to Mademoiselle, 196;
her widowhood, 235;
return to Paris, 238;
appointment to the Regency, 239;
her pretensions and promises to Mademoiselle, 255;
quarrel with Mademoiselle, 266;
her anger, 270;
her visits to convents (extract), 273;
condemnation of Barillon, 333;
her poverty and her indifference to public opinion, 333;
the people's demand for Broussel and her refusal and forced consent,
346;
her flight, 349;
her folly, 353-355;
return to Paris, 356;
 second flight, 357, 358, 360;
reception at Saint Germain, 372;
return to Paris, indignant rejection of Jarzé, 373-376;
at Libourne, 381-384;
the evil day, 388-390;
her letters from Mazarin, 395-397;
Lyonne, 396, 397;
renewal of her relations with Mazarin (overtures to Lyonne, see
Mazarin's letters), 396, 397

Aragon (Don Sancho)—a play—180, 181

Ariosto, 144

Aristotle, 39

Arnauld, Mothe, de la (Claude), 36

Arquien, d', Marie, 94

Artagnan, d', 40
Arthénice ("the Fair"), 123, 127, 128, 139, 147, 149, 153, 323

Assisi, d' (or Assise d'), François ("Père François"), 205 (see Catholic
Renaissance)

Astrée, 92, 99-101, 103-106, 108-111, 147, 157, 160, 161, 166, 167, 294,
364, 366, 433

Aubignac, d' (the Abbé), 164

Auchy, d', Vicomtesse, 55, 114

Auvergne, 229

Avenel, d', Vicomte, 38 (note), 120, 368

Avesnes, 67

Avranches, 95 (see Huet)

B
Bagnolet, 193

Baladins, 28

Balagny, 117, 118

Baltic Sea, the, 33

Balzac, 124, 142, 144, 165

Baradas, young, 207

Barillon, 332, 333, 336, 351

Barine, Arvède, 134

Baro, Sieur, 93, 157

Barricades, 340-342

Barthélemy, E., 137, 144, 325

Basserie, I. P., Mlle., 201

Bassompierre, 38, 232

Bastille, the, 232, 256, 421

Battle, the last, 415-421

Bazin, 200

Bearnais, the, III. (see Henry IV.)

Beaufort, de, Duc, 248, 328, 339, 366, 367, 405, 424

Beaupré, de, 118

Bélésis, 24, 25

Belle-au-Bois-dormant, 57, 58
Bellegarde, de, Duc, 96, 97, 107, 128

Belles Lettres, 125, 126

Berthod, Père (see Mémoires)
Bérulle, de, Pierre, 275, 280, 289, 290, 292, 295

Béziers, 71, 72

Bibliothèque Nationale, 83

Bird House, 23

Blasphemy and Vice, 282

Blois, 7, 74, 76, 156, 188, 191, 434

Blood, Princes of the, 221, 248, 321

Blue Room, the, 121, 122, 126, 127, 130, 133, 137, 142, 144, 145, 323

Boileau, 126

Bois-de-Boulogne, 25

Bois-le-Vicomte, 335

Books and writings, 38

Book of Edification, 115

Bordeaux, "the heroine of," wife of Condé, 379;

siege of, 380;
Monsieur arrives as mediator, 382

Bordeaux, the Archbishop of, 116

Bossuet, 279, 281, 285, 295, 305

Bossut, de, Mme., 197, 305

Bouillon, de, army of, 192;

Godefroy de Bouillon, 155;
Mme., 365

Bourbon, de, Marie (Wife and Madame (1) of Gaston), Duchesse

d'Orléans, 3, 12, 60, 187
(see Marie, Duchesse de Montpensier, cousin of Madame (1),
and object of the first of the Bourbonic aspirations of de Soissons);
(see de Soissons and Campion, 187)

Bourbon, de, Mlle. (Mme. de Longueville), 143, 149-151

Bourbon, de, House of, 312; Hôtel de, 312

Bourdaloue, 279

Bourdoise, 278, 289

Bourg la Reine, 408

Bourgeois, the wives of the, 18;

sons of, 37;
meet to appoint a government, 422;
(mention of the bourgeois), 333, 334, 336, 355, 375, 416, 421, 422-
424, 426

Bourgeoisie, 281, 282, 340, 371, 374, 375, 412

Bourges, 39

Bourgogne, Hôtel de (see Theatres)

Bourse, the, 338

Bouvard (the leech), 15

Brégis, de, Comte, 114

Brégy, de, Mme., 50

Brienne, de, Mme., 316;

(mention of de Brienne, Jr.), 316

Brissac, Hôtel de, 77

"Broussel, Monsieur," Provost of Merchants, 336, 340, 346, 347, 349, 351,
425

Brühl, 395

Brunetière, F., 93, 95, 181, 289

Brussels, 35, 200

Buckingham, 216
Burgundy, 116

Bussy-Rabutin, 133, 317

 C

Cabals, the, 85, 324

Campion, 187, 188, 192

Canaille, the, visit their goddess, 268;

arm with clubs, 331, 334, 346, 347, 359, 397, 408, 410, 411, 416, 433

Cardinal-Infant, the, 196, 199, 200

Carignan, de, Mme., 138

Carlos, 180, 181

Carmelite, Mademoiselle's desire to be a, 299

Carrousel, the, 22
Cas de Conscience (les), 39
Case, de la, Marquis, 114

Cassandane, Princess, 79

Castelnaudary, 71

Catholic League, 212

Catholic Renaissance, 283, 299

Cavalier, French, 102

Celadon, 94, 99, 100, 104, 169

Célidée, 171

Centennial (Racine's), 291

Chaillot, 24, 25

Chalais, 5, 8, 73, 190, 266, 301

Champagne, 192

Champagne, de, Philip, 205

Champs-Élysées, 23, 25

Chancellor, the, 243

Chantel, de, Mlle., 54

Chantelauze, 295

Chantilly, 81, 82, 155, 364

Chapelain, 54, 129, 130, 131, 144

Charente, la, 142

Chargés, grandes (Court chancellors, chevaliers d'honneur, etc.), 27

Charity (Order of the Sisters of), 294

Charles I., King of England, 193

Charles II., 397

Charles V., 13

Charles VIII., 306

Charonne, 418

Chartres, 7;
Bishop of, 214, 215

Chateaumorand, de, Diane, 94

Châtellerault, 21

Chatillon-sur-Seine, 277

Chatillon, de, Mme. la Duchesse, 305, 379, 413

Chaussée d'Antin (rue de la), 25

Chenonceaux, 109

Chérubin (Cherubino), 261

Chevaliers of the Order, 62, 166
Chevreuse, de, Mme. la Duchesse, her hotel, 22, 181, 300-304, 328, 379,
413

Chief of Council (see Mazarin)

Chief General of the Armies of France (see Enghien, d', Louis, duc)

Chimène, 174-176

Choisy, 7-9

Choisy, de, Mme., 393

Chronicles (contemporary), 7, 305, 374

Church, the, 63, 158, 197-199, 275-277, 286, 288, 289, 291, 292, 296,
369

Cid, the (see Corneille)

Cinna, 177, 181;
effect upon Condé, 377

Cinq-Mars, Henry, Marquis d'Effiat, 200-202, 206-210, 218, 220, 221,

223-226;
his mother, 201

"Circle, the" (see Salon Rambouillet)

Claque, the, 215

Claude, cousin and bride of the Cardinal-Bishop, 197

Clarinte, 53

Cléonville, de, Sieur, 70

Clitandre, 170, 171

Clorinde, 155
Clovis, Desmarets's dramatic poem, 213
Cluny, Bernard of, 293

Cluny, Musée, 123

Colbert, 78, 133

"Collation of Benefices," 295

Colietet, the seeker for domestic comfort, 141

Cologne, 221

Combalet, de, Mlle. (Mme. d'Aguillon), 64

Comedy, the dramatic play, and theatre, 44, 158

Communardes, the, 332

Compiègne, 67

Concorde, Place de la, 23, 413

Concorde, Pont de la, 23

Condé, the great, 34, 39, 57, 126, 297, 306-309, 317, 335, 358, 363, 373,
375-379, 387, 388, 390-393, 398, 406-409, 412-416, 418-425, 427-429,
434

Condé (Père), 115, 335

Condé, de, Mme. la Princesse (mother of the great), 149, 150

Condé, de, Mme. la Princesse (wife of the great), the heroine of

Bordeaux, 309, 310, 379, 393, 398
Condé, Hôtel de, 311, 364, 432

Condé, de, House of, 311, 324, 325

Conférence Library (see Vicomtesse d'Auchy), 56

Conférence, quai de la, 390 (Mazarin's departure)

Conrart, Valentin, 136-138, 144, 423;
Madame, wife of, 138
Conseil de Conscience, 295, 297
Contes de Perrault, les, 57, 58
Conti, de, Prince (his treatise), 60, 61
Corbie, the siege of, 190

Cordons Bleus, 63 (Order of the Saint Esprit)

Coriolanus, 344

Corisande, the fair, 277

Corneille, Preface, iv., v.; 1, 56, 105, 106, 135, 139, 141, 145, 153, 161,
167, 168, 170-184, 194, 195, 213, 215, 344, 436
Corporal, "the Little," 401

Corps, army (escorting the royal mourners), 235

Cossack, natural investiture of, 113;
gestures of, 122;
oaths of, 303
Costar, Pierre, 124, 167

Coulanges, de (the Abbé), 54, 55

Council, the, 231, 240, 243;
Chief of, 239, 244
Councils of Finance, 37

Cours la Reine, 24, 25, 337, 358, 359, 413

Court of Catherine de Médicis (Mlle. de Senterre), 97

Court of France, the requirements of, 27;

spirit of, 126
Court of Germany, the, 263

Court of le Grand Envie, 94

Court of Henry IV., 97

Court of Miracles, the, 23

Court of the Valois, the, 97
Court of Vienna, the, 263
Courtenvaut, 155

"Croquemitaine," 60, 90, 213, 216

Cross, the true, 281

Crusaders, the, 4, 153

Cures, Curés, abbeys, and abbots (see Catholic Renaissance)

Cyrus le Grand, 42, 47

Damophile, 47-49, 55

Dauphin, 40, 89, 90, 159

Dauphine (place), 165

Débats (Journal des), 65

Declaration against Monsieur, 229

Declaration for the appointment of an Executive Council, and for a

nominal Regent, 233
Dedalus, 23, 107
Des Jardins, de, Mlle., 56

Desmarets, 213
Dialogues des Morts, 320
Diana, 150
Dictionnaire des Précieuses, 79, 113
Dijon, 337
Diodée, Mlle., 56

Divers pieces, etc., 66, 68, 70, 71