Mysore University School of Engineering

8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Higher Education Training Workbook

for 8th Semester Engineering Students
(Applicable for PGCET and GATE Exams)

Name of the Student:

Register Number:

Branch:

Semester:

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Mysore University School of Engineering

Higher Education Training Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. ______________________________________________

bearing Register Number ___________________, Branch: ___________________________

__________________, has satisfactorily trained theoretically in taking up Entrance Exams for

Higher Education prescribed by the School of Engineering for 8th Semester B.E Program of

the academic year 20____ -20____

_________________________________
Signature of the Candidate

Marks obtained in words:__________________________________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________
Signature of Faculty Head of the Department

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
Course Content

Observation
Module No Experiment Date
(20 Marks)

Module 01 Computer Awareness

Module 02 Analytical Ability and Logical Reasoning

Module 03 Quantitative Analysis

Module 04 English Language

Module 05 General Awareness

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Module 01: Computer Awareness

The Computer Awareness section for the BE program in Karnataka PGCET encompasses the following key
topics:
1. Computer Basics
2. Data Representation
3. Binary Arithmetic
4. Operating Systems
Theory:
1.1 COMPUTER BASICS: Computer Architecture (How Computers Work)
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and produces output based on instructions.
Main Units of a Computer:
• Input Unit – Devices like keyboard and mouse used to enter data.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Brain of the computer.
o Control Unit (CU) – Directs operations inside the CPU.
o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – Performs calculations and logical operations.
• Memory Unit – Stores data (temporary and permanent).
• Output Unit – Devices like monitors, printers that display results.
How to Answer:
You may be asked to identify the function of the ALU or CU. Remember:
"ALU → Arithmetic & Logic",
"CU → Control all operations"

Memory Types
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory (volatile).
• ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent memory storing startup instructions.
• Cache Memory: Very fast memory between RAM and CPU.
• Secondary Storage: Hard disk, SSD, USB – for long-term data storage.
Exam Tip: Questions usually test differences between RAM and ROM or which memory is volatile.

Types of Software
• System Software: Controls hardware and system operations (e.g. OS like Windows/Linux).
• Application Software: Programs used by users (e.g. MS Word, Browsers).
• Utility Software: Maintenance tools (e.g. antivirus, file manager).
How to Answer: Match software to its function. Example:
MS Word = Application,
Antivirus = Utility,
Windows = System Software

Internet & Web Awareness

• Internet: Network of global computers.
• Browser: Software to access websites (Chrome, Firefox).
• Search Engine: Google, Bing – finds web pages.
• URL: Address of a webpage.
Watch Out: Don't confuse a browser (tool) with a search engine (service).

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

Number Systems
• Decimal (Base 10): Digits 0–9.
• Binary (Base 2): Digits 0 and 1. Used internally by computers.
• Octal (Base 8) and Hexadecimal (Base 16): Compact representation of binary.
Formula:
To convert binary to decimal:
(1011)₂ = 1×2³ + 0×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 8 + 2 + 1 = 11

ASCII and Unicode

• ASCII: 7-bit code to represent characters (e.g. A = 65).
• Unicode: Supports many languages, uses up to 16-bits.
How to Answer: ASCII = English letters only, Unicode = global language support.

Data Size Units

• 1 Byte = 8 bits
• 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
• 1 MB = 1024 KB, and so on…
Common Mistake: Don’t say 1000 bytes = 1 KB; it's 1024!

1.3 BINARY ARITHMETIC

Binary Addition
A B Sum Carry
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
Example: 1011 + 0101 = 10000
Tip: Like decimal addition, but only with 0s and 1s.

Two’s Complement
Used for representing negative binary numbers.
Steps to find -X in 2’s complement:
1. Write binary of X.
2. Invert the digits (1→0, 0→1).
3. Add 1 to the result.
Example: Binary of 5 = 0101 → Invert = 1010 → Add 1 = 1011 → -5 in binary
How to Answer: Carefully perform steps; common MCQ format.

Floating-Point Numbers
Real numbers in computers are stored in:
± mantissa × base^exponent

Normalized Format ensures that the first digit before the decimal is non-zero.
Example: 0.0011 × 2^4 → normalized as 1.1 × 2^1
Important: Focus on format, not actual floating-point coding (PGCET rarely goes too deep).

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

1.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS)

What is an Operating System?
An OS is software that manages hardware and software resources.
Functions:
• Process Management
• Memory Management
• File System Management
• Device Management
• User Interface
How to Answer: Pick options related to control and management, NOT content creation.

Types of Operating Systems

• Single-user (DOS)
• Multi-user (Unix/Linux)
• Real-Time OS (RTOS) – For systems needing immediate processing
• Embedded OS – Found in devices like washing machines, mobile phones
Expected Question: “Which OS is used in real-time systems?” → Answer: RTOS

Popular Operating Systems

• Windows – GUI-based, widely used
• Linux – Open-source, command-based
• macOS – Apple’s OS, GUI-based
MCQ Focus: Name, GUI/CLI, use-case.

Summary of How to Prepare:

Topic Focus Area Common Question Type
Computer Basics Parts, Memory Match the component to function
Data Representation Binary, ASCII Convert binary/decimal, ASCII values
Binary Arithmetic Add/Subtract, 2's complement Binary addition, Find -X
Operating Systems Functions, Types Match OS type to use-case

Example Exercises with Answers & Hints

1. Exercise 1: Convert the binary number 101101 to its decimal equivalent.
Answer: 1×2⁵ + 0×2⁴ + 1×2³ + 1×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 45
Hint: Multiply each bit by 2 raised to the power of its position, starting from 0 on the right.

2. Exercise 2: What is the two's complement of the binary number 1101?

Answer: Invert the bits to get 0010, then add 1 to get 0011.
Hint: Invert all bits and add 1 to the result.

3. Exercise 3: Identify the type of operating system that supports multiple users simultaneously.
Answer: Multi-user Operating System.
Hint: Look for systems designed to handle multiple users at the same time.

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

4. Exercise 4: Which of the following is an input device?

a) Monitor
b) Keyboard
c) Printer
d) Speaker
Answer: b) Keyboard
Hint: Input devices allow data to be entered into the computer.

5. Exercise 5: Convert the hexadecimal number 1A3 to binary.

Answer: 1A3 in hexadecimal is 0001 1010 0011 in binary.
Hint: Convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-bit binary equivalent.

6. Exercise 6: What is the primary function of the CPU?

Answer: To execute instructions and manage operations within the computer.
Hint: The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer.

7. Exercise 7: Which of the following is a type of system software?

a) Word Processor
b) Web Browser
c) Operating System
d) Spreadsheet
Answer: c) Operating System
Hint: System software manages hardware and software resources.

8. Exercise 8: What does ASCII stand for?

Answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Hint: It is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

9. Exercise 9: Which of the following is an example of an output device?

a) Scanner
b) Microphone
c) Monitor
d) Keyboard
Answer: c) Monitor
Hint: Output devices display or produce the result of processing.

10. Exercise 10: Convert the decimal number 45 to binary.

Answer: 45 in decimal is 101101 in binary.
Hint: Divide the number by 2 and record the remainders.
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is a primary function of an operating system?

a) Word processing
b) Managing hardware resources
c) Browsing the internet
d) Running applications

2. What does the binary number 1010 represent in decimal?

a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 15

3. Which of the following is an example of an input device?

a) Printer
b) Monitor
c) Keyboard
d) Speaker

4. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number 1111?

a) A
b) E
c) F
d) D

5. Which of the following is an example of an output device?

a) Scanner
b) Microphone
c) Monitor
d) Keyboard

6. What does ASCII stand for?

a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
b) American Standard Code for Internet Interchange
c) Automated Standard Code for Information Interchange
d) None of the above

7. Which of the following is a type of system software?

a) Word Processor
b) Web Browser
c) Operating System
d) Spreadsheet

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

8. Which of the following is an input device?

a) Printer
b) Monitor
c) Keyboard
d) Speaker

9. What is the primary function of the CPU?

a) To execute instructions
b) To store data
c) To display output
d) To manage memory

10. Which of the following is a primary function of an operating system?

a) Word processing
b) Managing hardware resources
c) Browsing the internet
d) Running applications

11. What does the binary number 1010 represent in decimal?

a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 15

12. Which of the following is an example of an input device?

a) Printer
b) Monitor
c) Keyboard
d) Speaker

13. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number 1111?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

14. Which of the following is a type of system software?

a) Word Processor
b) Web Browser
c) Operating System
d) Spreadsheet

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

15. What does the binary number 1101 represent in decimal?

a) 10
b) 12
c) 13
d) 14

16. Which of the following is an example of an output device?

a) Scanner
b) Microphone
c) Monitor
d) Keyboard

17. What does ASCII stand for?

a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
b) American Standard Code for Internet Interchange
c) Automated Standard Code for Information Interchange
d) None of the above

18. Which of the following is a type of system software?

a) Word Processor
b) Web Browser
c) Operating System
d) Spreadsheet

19. Which of the following is an input device?

a) Printer
b) Monitor
c) Keyboard
d) Speaker

20. What is the primary function of the CPU?

a) To execute instructions
b) To store data
c) To display output
d) To manage memory

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Key Answers

b) Managing hardware resources

a) 10
c) Keyboard
c) F
c) Monitor
a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
c) Operating System
c) Keyboard
a) To execute instructions
b) Managing hardware resources
a) 10
c) Keyboard
a) A
c) Operating System
c) 13
c) Monitor
a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
c) Operating System
c) Keyboard
a) To execute instructions

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Module 02: Analytical Ability and Logical Reasoning

Theory & Strategies
2.1 Overview of the Section
The Analytical Ability and Logical Reasoning section assesses a candidate's capacity to analyze information,
identify patterns, and solve problems logically. This section typically includes:
• Logical Reasoning: Puzzles, syllogisms, analogies, and logical sequences.
• Quantitative Reasoning: Number series, arithmetic reasoning, and data interpretation.
• Visuospatial Reasoning: Pattern recognition and spatial visualization.

2.2 Key Topics and Concepts

1. Syllogisms:
o Definition: Logical arguments consisting of two premises and a conclusion.
o Approach: Use Venn diagrams to determine the validity of conclusions.
2. Number Series:
o Definition: A sequence of numbers following a specific pattern.
o Approach: Identify the pattern (e.g., arithmetic, geometric, squares) to find the missing
number.
3. Blood Relations:
o Definition: Questions based on familial relationships.
o Approach: Create family trees or use symbols to map relationships.
4. Direction Sense:
o Definition: Problems involving directions and distances.
o Approach: Use diagrams to track movements and determine final positions.
5. Coding-Decoding:
o Definition: Questions where words or numbers are coded in a particular pattern.
o Approach: Identify the coding pattern to decode or encode words/numbers.
6. Seating Arrangements:
o Definition: Arranging individuals based on given conditions.
o Approach: Use tables or diagrams to visualize positions and apply constraints.

2.3 Strategies for Success

• Understand the Question: Read carefully to grasp what's being asked.
• Identify Patterns: Look for recurring themes or sequences.
• Eliminate Options: Use the process of elimination to narrow down choices.
• Time Management: Allocate time wisely; don't spend too long on one question.
• Practice Regularly: Consistent practice enhances speed and accuracy.
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Exercises with Solutions

1. Question: All roses are flowers. Some flowers fade quickly. Therefore, some roses fade quickly.
o Solution: This is a syllogism. While all roses are flowers, and some flowers fade quickly, it
doesn't necessarily mean that some roses fade quickly.
o Answer: Conclusion does not follow.

2. Question: Find the next number in the series: 2, 4, 8, 16,?

o Solution: Each number is multiplied by 2.
o Answer: 32.

3. Question: Pointing to a man, a woman said, "His mother is the only daughter of my mother." How is
the woman related to the man?
o Solution: The woman's mother has only one daughter, which is the woman herself. So, the
man is her son.
o Answer: Mother.

4. Question: A person walks 5 km north, then turns right and walks 3 km. Then he turns right and
walks 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
o Solution: After the movements, he is facing south.
o Answer: South.

5. Question: If in a code language, 'APPLE' is written as 'ELPPA', how is 'ORANGE' written?

o Solution: The word is reversed.
o Answer: EGNARO.

6. Question: In a row of students, John is 10th from the left and 15th from the right. How many
students are there in the row?
o Solution: Total students = (10 + 15) - 1 = 24.
o Answer: 24.

7. Question: Find the odd one out: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

o Solution: All are prime numbers except 9.
o Answer: 9.

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

8. Question: If 'CAT' is coded as 3120, how is 'DOG' coded? (Assuming A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26)
o Solution: D=4, O=15, G=7; Sum = 4+15+7=26.
o Answer: 2615

9. Question: A cube has all its faces painted. It is then cut into 64 smaller cubes of equal size. How
many cubes have only one face painted?
o Solution: Cubes with one face painted are those at the center of each face: 6 faces × 4 cubes.
o Answer: 24.

10. Question: If 'BEAR' is coded as 'EBRA', how is 'LION' coded?

o Solution: Swap the first and last letters: 'NIO L' → 'NOIL'.
o Answer: NOIL.

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Question: If 'FLOWER' is coded as 'EULQFS', how is 'GARDEN' coded?

a) FZQEDM
b) FZQEDN
c) FZQFEM
d) FZQFEN

2. Question: Find the next term in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, ?

a) 30
b) 28
c) 26
d) 24

3. Question: In a certain code, 'MANGO' is written as 'NZOHB'. How is 'APPLE' written in that code?
a) BQPMF
b) BQPMD
c) BQQMF
d) BQQMD

4. Question: Pointing to a photograph, a man said, "I have no brothers and sisters, but that man's father
is my father's son." Who is the person in the photograph?
a) His son
b) His father
c) His uncle
d) Himself

5. Question: If 'A' is coded as 1, 'B' as 2, ..., 'Z' as 26, what is the code for 'DOG'?
a) 47
b) 26
c) 41
d) 35

6. Question: Find the odd one out: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 9

7. Question: A man is facing north. He turns 90° clockwise, then 180° counterclockwise. Which
direction is he facing now?
a) North
b) South
c) West
d) East

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

8. Question: If the code for TABLE is UBCMF, what is the code for CHAIR?
a) DIBJS
b) DBIJS
c) DIBIR
d) DICJR

9. Question: How many 3's are there in the following series which are immediately followed by 5? 3 5
2355356325
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

10. Question: Choose the correct option to complete the series: 1, 4, 9, 16, __
a) 25
b) 20
c) 22
d) 30

11. Question: In a certain code, TREE is written as USFF. How is LEAF written?
a) MFAG
b) MFBE
c) MFBG
d) MGAG

12. Question: If in a code language, MANGO is written as 131145, how is GRAPE written?
a) 717116
b) 718116
c) 717126
d) 718126

13. Question: What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the series: ACE, BDF, ? , DJH
a) CFI
b) CEG
c) CFG
d) CEH

14. Question: Introducing a boy, a girl says, "He is the son of the daughter of the father of my uncle."
How is the boy related to the girl?
a) Cousin
b) Nephew
c) Brother
d) Uncle

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

15. Question: Choose the word which is different from the rest.
a) Square
b) Triangle
c) Rectangle
d) Circle

16. Question: Which number will replace the question mark? 2, 6, 12, 20, ?, 42
a) 30
b) 28
c) 26
d) 24

17. Question: Find the missing term: 5, 11, 23, 47, ?

a) 95
b) 97
c) 93
d) 91

18. Question: Which letter comes next in the series? A, C, F, J, O, ?

a) U
b) V
c) W
d) X

19. Question: Choose the odd one out: Aunt, Uncle, Niece, Cousin, Friend
a) Aunt
b) Uncle
c) Cousin
d) Friend

20. Question: Find the next term in the series: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ?

a) 11
b) 12
c) 13
d) 14

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Answers to MCQs
1. a
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. a
9. c
10. a
11. c
12. b
13. d
14. a
15. d
16. a
17. b
18. a
19. d
20. c

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Module 03: Quantitative Analysis

Theory & Strategies
3.1 Overview of the Section
The Quantitative Analysis section assesses a candidate's numerical ability and problem-solving skills. It
typically includes questions from:
• Arithmetic: Percentages, Profit & Loss, Time & Work, Time, Speed & Distance, Simple &
Compound Interest.
• Data Interpretation: Graphs, Charts, Tables.
• Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation.
• Algebra: Equations, Inequalities.
• Geometry & Mensuration: Areas, Volumes, Perimeters.

3.2 Key Topics and Concepts

1. Percentages:
o Definition: A percentage represents a fraction of 100.
o Formula: (Part/Whole) × 100.
o Application: Used in calculating discounts, profit & loss, interest rates.
2. Profit & Loss:
o Profit: Selling Price (SP) > Cost Price (CP).
o Loss: CP > SP.
o Formulas:
Profit = SP - CP.
▪
▪ Loss = CP - SP.
▪ Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100.
▪ Loss% = (Loss/CP) × 100.
3. Time & Work:
o Concept: If a person can do a piece of work in 'n' days, then the person's 1 day's work = 1/n.
o Combined Work: If A can do a work in 'x' days and B in 'y' days, together they can complete
the work in (𝑥. 𝑦)/(𝑥 + 𝑦) days.
4. Time, Speed & Distance:
o Formula: Speed = Distance/Time.
o Conversions: 1 km/hr = 5/18 m/s.
5. Simple & Compound Interest:
o Simple Interest (SI): 𝑆𝐼 = (𝑃 × 𝑅 × 𝑇)/100.
o Compound Interest (CI): 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑃 × [(1 + 𝑅/100) 𝑇 − 1].
o Where P = Principal, R = Rate of interest, T = Time in years.
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

6. Data Interpretation:
o Types: Bar graphs, Pie charts, Line graphs, Tables.
o Skills: Ability to interpret and analyze data to answer questions.
7. Statistics:
o Mean: Average of numbers.
o Median: Middle value when numbers are arranged in order.
o Mode: Number that appears most frequently.
o Standard Deviation: Measure of the amount of variation in a set of values.
8. Algebra:
o Equations: Solving linear and quadratic equations.
o Inequalities: Understanding and solving inequalities.
9. Geometry & Mensuration:
o Areas: Calculation of area for various shapes.
o Volumes: Calculation of volume for solids like cubes, cylinders, spheres.
o Perimeters: Calculation of perimeters for various shapes.
3.3 Strategies for Success
• Understand the Basics: Ensure a strong grasp of fundamental concepts.
• Practice Regularly: Solve various types of problems to build confidence.
• Time Management: Allocate specific time slots for each topic during preparation.
• Mock Tests: Regularly take mock tests to assess your preparation level.
• Analyze Mistakes: Review errors to avoid repeating them in the actual exam.

Exercises with Solutions

1. Question: A shopkeeper sells an article at a loss of 10%. If the selling price is ₹540, what was the
cost price?
o Solution:
Let the cost price be CP.
▪
▪ Loss = 10% of CP = 0.10 × CP.
▪ Selling Price (SP) = CP - Loss = CP - 0.10 × CP = 0.90 × CP.
▪ Given SP = ₹540.
▪ So, 0.90 × CP = 540 ⇒ CP = 540 / 0.90 = ₹600.
o Answer: ₹600.
2. Question: If a person covers a distance of 150 km in 3 hours, what is his speed in km/hr?
o Solution:
▪ Speed = Distance / Time = 150 km / 3 hr = 50 km/hr.
o Answer: 50 km/hr.

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

3. Question: Calculate the simple interest on ₹2000 at 5% per annum for 3 years.
o Solution:
▪ SI = (P × R × T) / 100 = (2000 × 5 × 3) / 100 = ₹300.
o Answer: ₹300.
4. Question: If the average of five numbers is 20, what is their total sum?
o Solution:
▪ Average = Sum / Number of items ⇒ Sum = Average × Number of items = 20 × 5 =
100.
o Answer: 100.
5. Question: A train travels at 60 km/hr. How much time will it take to cover 180 km?
o Solution:
▪ Time = Distance / Speed = 180 km / 60 km/hr = 3 hours.
o Answer: 3 hours.
6. Question: Find the median of the data set: 5, 8, 12, 14, 18.
o Solution:
▪ The data is already in ascending order.
▪ Median is the middle value = 12.
o Answer: 12.
7. Question: Solve for x: 2x + 5 = 17.
o Solution:
▪ 2x = 17 - 5 = 12 ⇒ x = 12 / 2 = 6.
o Answer: 6.
8. Question: What is the area of a rectangle with length 10 cm and breadth 5 cm?
o Solution:
▪ Area = Length × Breadth = 10 cm × 5 cm = 50 cm².
o Answer: 50 cm².
9. Question: If the mode of a data set is 7, what does it signify?
o Solution:
▪ Mode is the number that appears most frequently. So, 7 appears most frequently in the
data set.
o Answer: 7 appears most frequently.
10. Question: A cylinder has a radius of 3 cm and height of 5 cm. Find its volume. (Use π = 3.14)
o Solution:
▪ Volume = π × r² × h = 3.14 × 3² × 5 = 3.14 × 9 × 5 = 3.14 × 45 = 141.3 cm³.
o Answer: 141.3 cm³.
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Multiple Choice Questions (20 Questions)

1. If 20% of a number is 50, what is the number?

a) 200
b) 250
c) 300
d) 350

2. What is the average of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20?

a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16

3. A man spends 80% of his income. If his income is ₹25,000, what is his expenditure?
a) ₹20,000
b) ₹22,000
c) ₹23,000
d) ₹24,000

4. If the radius of a circle is doubled, the area becomes:

a) Twice
b) Thrice
c) Four times
d) Eight times

5. A sum becomes ₹2,420 at 10% per annum simple interest in 2 years. What is the principal?
a) ₹2,000
b) ₹2,100
c) ₹2,200
d) ₹2,300

6. If A completes a task in 6 days and B in 8 days, how long will they take together?
a) 3.4 days
b) 3.2 days
c) 4.5 days
d) 4.8 days

7. A car covers 90 km in 1.5 hours. What is its speed in km/h?

a) 50
b) 55
c) 60
d) 65

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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8. If the mean of five numbers is 15, what is their total sum?

a) 65
b) 70
c) 75
d) 80

9. What is the perimeter of a square with side 7 cm?

a) 28 cm
b) 30 cm
c) 32 cm
d) 36 cm

10. What is the volume of a cube with edge 4 cm?

a) 16 cm³
b) 32 cm³
c) 64 cm³
d) 128 cm³

11. A train running at 72 km/h covers a distance in 3 hours. What is the distance?
a) 216 km
b) 220 km
c) 210 km
d) 230 km

12. What is the compound interest on ₹5,000 for 2 years at 10% per annum?
a) ₹1,000
b) ₹1,050
c) ₹1,100
d) ₹1,200

13. Solve: x² - 4x - 5 = 0
a) x = -1, 5
b) x = 1, -5
c) x = -5, -1
d) x = 5, -1

14. Find the area of a triangle with base 10 cm and height 6 cm

a) 30 cm²
b) 60 cm²
c) 40 cm²
d) 50 cm²

15. What is the mode of the data: 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6?

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 2

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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16. The cost price is ₹500. If a profit of 20% is earned, what is the selling price?
a) ₹600
b) ₹580
c) ₹620
d) ₹540

17. A bus takes 5 hours to cover a distance at 48 km/h. What is the distance?
a) 240 km
b) 250 km
c) 260 km
d) 270 km

18. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 40 cm and length is 12 cm, what is its breadth?
a) 8 cm
b) 6 cm
c) 10 cm
d) 12 cm

19. What is 15% of ₹1,200?

a) ₹160
b) ₹170
c) ₹180
d) ₹190

20. The average of first five even numbers is:

a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Answers to MCQs
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. b
7. c
8. c
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. b
13. d
14. a
15. b
16. a
17. a
18. b
19. c
20. b

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Module 04: Proficiency in English Language

The English Language section of the Karnataka PGCET assesses candidates on various aspects of English
proficiency, including vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension. This section typically comprises 25
multiple-choice questions, each carrying one mark, with no negative marking.

4.0 Theory and Strategies

1. Vocabulary
• Synonyms & Antonyms: Understand the context in which words are used to identify words with
similar or opposite meanings.
• One-word Substitution: Familiarize yourself with common phrases and their single-word
equivalents.
• Idioms and Phrases: Study commonly used idiomatic expressions and their meanings.
2. Grammar
• Sentence Correction: Focus on subject-verb agreement, correct usage of tenses, and proper sentence
structure.
• Pairs Expressing Relationships: Practice identifying correct word pairs that express logical
relationships.
3. Reading Comprehension
• Strategies: Skim passages to get the gist before reading questions. Pay attention to keywords in
questions and locate them in the passage.
4. Literature
• Famous Books in English Literature: Be aware of notable works and their authors, as questions
may pertain to literary knowledge.

4.1 Practice Exercises with Hints & Answers

Exercise 1: Synonyms
Question: Choose the word that is most similar in meaning to "Abundant".
a) Scarce
b) Plentiful
c) Meager
d) Insufficient
Hint: "Abundant" refers to something existing in large quantities.
Answer: b) Plentiful

Exercise 2: Antonyms
Question: Choose the word that is most opposite in meaning to "Hostile".
a) Friendly
b) Aggressive
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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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c) Unkind
d) Bitter
Hint: "Hostile" means unfriendly or antagonistic.
Answer: a) Friendly

Exercise 3: One-word Substitution

Question: A person who writes dictionaries.
a) Novelist
b) Lexicographer
c) Editor
d) Publisher
Hint: Think about the profession related to compiling words and their meanings.
Answer: b) Lexicographer

Exercise 4: Idioms and Phrases

Question: Choose the correct meaning of the idiom "Break the ice".
a) To shatter something
b) To start a conversation in a social setting
c) To cool down a situation
d) To end a relationship
Hint: Consider the context of initiating interaction.
Answer: b) To start a conversation in a social setting

Exercise 5: Sentence Correction

Question: Identify the grammatically correct sentence.
a) She don't like apples.
b) She doesn't likes apples.
c) She doesn't like apples.
d) She don't likes apples.
Hint: Pay attention to subject-verb agreement.
Answer: c) She doesn't like apples.

Exercise 6: Pairs Expressing Relationships

Question: Choose the correct pair that expresses a relationship similar to "Doctor : Hospital".
a) Teacher : School
b) Chef : Kitchen
c) Lawyer : Court
d) All of the above
Hint: Consider the workplace associated with each profession.
Answer: d) All of the above

Exercise 7: Reading Comprehension

Passage: "The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This phenomenon occurs due to the rotation of the
Earth on its axis."
Question: According to the passage, why does the sun appear to rise and set?
a) Because of the Earth's revolution around the sun
b) Due to the Earth's rotation on its axis
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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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c) Because the sun moves around the Earth
d) Due to the Earth's tilt
Hint: Focus on the reason provided in the passage.
Answer: b) Due to the Earth's rotation on its axis

Exercise 8: Famous Books in English Literature

Question: Who is the author of "Pride and Prejudice"?
a) Charlotte Brontë
b) Jane Austen
c) Emily Dickinson
d) Mary Shelley
Hint: Consider authors known for early 19th-century English novels.
Answer: b) Jane Austen

Exercise 9: Synonyms
Question: Choose the word that is most similar in meaning to "Eloquent".
a) Inarticulate
b) Fluent
c) Silent
d) Mute
Hint: "Eloquent" describes someone who speaks persuasively.
Answer: b) Fluent

Exercise 10: Antonyms

Question: Choose the word that is most opposite in meaning to "Generous".
a) Kind
b) Stingy
c) Benevolent
d) Charitable
Hint: "Generous" implies a willingness to give; think of its opposite.
Answer: b) Stingy

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Multiple Choice Questions (20 Questions)

1. Choose the correct synonym for "Rapid".
a) Slow
b) Quick
c) Lethargic
d) Delayed

2. Choose the antonym for "Transparent".

a) Clear
b) Opaque
c) Lucid
d) Translucent

3. One-word substitution: A person who travels into space.

a) Astronomer
b) Pilot
c) Astronaut
d) Cosmologist

4. Idiom: "Hit the sack" means:

a) To go to sleep
b) To start a fight
c) To pack belongings
d) To hit someone

5. Question: Correct the sentence: "He go to school every day."

a) He going to school every day.
b) He goes to school every day.
c) He gone to school every day.
d) He going to school every day.

6. Question: Pair expressing relationship: "Painter : Brush"

a) Writer : Pen
b) Chef : Knife
c) Driver : Car
d) Singer : Microphone

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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7. Reading comprehension: What is the main idea of a passage discussing the benefits of regular
exercise?
a) Exercise is time-consuming.
b) Regular exercise improves health.
c) Only athletes need to exercise.
d) Exercise gives body pain

8. What is the correct antonym of the word “Artificial”?

a) False
b) Natural
c) Untrue
d) Unreal

9. One word substitution: A person who believes in fate.

a) Optimist
b) Fatalist
c) Realist
d) Atheist

10. Choose the correct synonym for “Obsolete”.

a) Modern
b) New
c) Outdated
d) Recent

11. Spot the grammatical error: "Each of the boys have done their homework."
a) Each of the boys
b) Have
c) Done their
d) No error

12. Fill in the blank: “He is ___ university professor.”

a) an
b) a
c) the
d) none of these

13. Choose the correct passive form: "She is writing a letter."

a) A letter is written by her.
b) A letter was being written by her.
c) A letter is being written by her.
d) A letter has been written by her.

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14. Choose the correct preposition: "He was accused ___ theft."
a) of
b) on
c) for
d) with

15. Fill in the blank: "The news ___ very disturbing."

a) are
b) were
c) is
d) have been

16. Find the synonym of “Enormous”.

a) Tiny
b) Huge
c) Weak
d) Average

17. Identify the meaning of the idiom: “To turn a blind eye”.
a) To ignore something
b) To look through binoculars
c) To close one eye
d) To forget something

18. Complete the sentence: “Scarcely had she reached the station ___ the train departed.”
a) when
b) than
c) before
d) after

19. Spot the error: "He is good in English."

a) He
b) is
c) good at
d) English

20. Choose the correct article: “___ honest man deserves respect.”
a) A
b) An
c) The
d) No article

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006

Answers to MCQs
1. b
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. b
9. b
10. c
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. a
15. c
16. b
17. a
18. a
19. c
20. b

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Module 05: General Awareness

Theory & Preparation Strategy
General Awareness (GA) evaluates your knowledge of current events, history, polity, geography, economy,
science, and cultural aspects—especially concerning India and Karnataka.
5.1 Key Areas to Focus
1. Current Affairs (National & International):
o Important summits, appointments, awards, sports, government schemes, etc.
o Focus on the last 6–12 months of news.
2. Indian History & Culture:
o Major events of ancient, medieval, and modern history.
o Important movements, freedom fighters, dynasties.
o Art, music, literature, and heritage.
3. Indian Polity:
o Constitution basics: Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Duties.
o Structure of government: Executive, Legislature, Judiciary.
o Key amendments and roles of President, Prime Minister, etc.
4. Indian Economy:
o Budget, GDP, monetary and fiscal policies.
o Banking terms, RBI functions, economic reforms.
5. Science & Technology:
o Everyday science, space missions (ISRO, NASA), vaccines, tech trends.
o Basic physics, chemistry, biology awareness.
6. Geography:
o Physical features of India, rivers, mountains, climate.
o States and capitals, important cities, natural resources.
7. Karnataka Specific Knowledge:
o State history, culture, festivals, important personalities.
o Geography, economy, and recent developments in Karnataka.

5.2 Tips on How to Answer GA Questions

• Read the Question Carefully: Many GA questions are fact-based. Pay attention to keywords like
“recent”, “first”, “highest”, etc.
• Eliminate Options: If unsure, eliminate obviously wrong choices.
• Stay Updated: Read newspapers (The Hindu, TOI), use monthly current affairs magazines or
YouTube summary videos.
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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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• Use Mnemonics: Helpful for remembering important dates, acts, and amendments.
• Revise Static GK Weekly: Use flashcards and mock quizzes to remember capitals, books, etc.

5.3 Preparation Tips

• Daily News Reading: Read newspapers like The Hindu or The Indian Express for current affairs.
• Monthly Magazines: Refer to magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan for compiled current events.
• Online Quizzes: Regularly attempt online quizzes to test your knowledge.
• Flashcards: Create flashcards for important dates, events, and personalities.
• Revision: Regularly revise static GK topics like history, polity, and geography.

Exercises with Hints & Answers

Exercise 1: Current Affairs
Question: Who is the current Chief Minister of Karnataka?
a) Basavaraj Bommai
b) Siddaramaiah
c) H. D. Kumaraswamy
d) B. S. Yediyurappa
Answer: b) Siddaramaiah

Exercise 2: Indian History

Question: The Battle of Plassey was fought in which year?
a) 1757
b) 1764
c) 1857
d) 1858
Hint: It marked the beginning of British rule in India.
Answer: a) 1757

Exercise 3: Indian Polity

Question: Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Right to Equality?
a) Article 14
b) Article 19
c) Article 21
d) Article 32
Hint: It's the first article under Fundamental Rights.
Answer: a) Article 14
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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Exercise 4: Indian Economy

Question: What does GDP stand for?
a) Gross Domestic Product
b) General Domestic Product
c) Gross Development Product
d) General Development Product
Hint: It measures the economic performance of a country.
Answer: a) Gross Domestic Product

Exercise 5: Science & Technology

Question: Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
a) Mars
b) Jupiter
c) Saturn
d) Venus
Hint: It has a reddish appearance due to iron oxide.
Answer: a) Mars

Exercise 6: Geography
Question: Which is the longest river in India?
a) Ganga
b) Yamuna
c) Brahmaputra
d) Godavari
Hint: It flows from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal.
Answer: a) Ganga

Exercise 7: Karnataka Specific

Question: Which city is known as the "Silicon Valley of India"?
a) Mysuru
b) Bengaluru
c) Mangaluru
d) Hubli
Hint: It's the capital city of Karnataka.
Answer: b) Bengaluru
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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Exercise 8: Awards
Question: Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 from India?
a) Malala Yousafzai
b) Kailash Satyarthi
c) Mother Teresa
d) Amartya Sen
Hint: He is known for his work against child labor.
Answer: b) Kailash Satyarthi

Exercise 9: Sports
Question: Which country hosted the 2024 Summer Olympics?
a) Japan
b) France
c) USA
d) Brazil
Hint: The event took place in Paris.
Answer: b) France

Exercise 10: Science & Technology

Question: What is the chemical symbol for Gold?
a) Au
b) Ag
c) Gd
d) Go
Hint: It's derived from the Latin word 'Aurum'.
Answer: a) Au

Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio Medical and Robotic Engineering Department, SOE-UoM.
 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which is the largest state in India by area?
a) Madhya Pradesh
b) Maharashtra
c) Rajasthan
d) Uttar Pradesh

2. Who is known as the 'Missile Man of India'?

a) Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
b) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
c) Dr. Homi Bhabha
d) Dr. C.V. Raman

3. Which Indian state has the highest literacy rate?

a) Kerala
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Maharashtra
d) Karnataka

4. The term 'Green Revolution' is associated with?

a) Industrial growth
b) Agricultural production
c) Information technology
d) Environmental movement

5. Who wrote the Indian National Anthem?

a) Rabindranath Tagore
b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
c) Subhas Chandra Bose
d) Sarojini Naidu

6. What is the currency of Japan?

a) Yuan
b) Yen
c) Won
d) Dollar

7. Question: Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day?

a) June 1
b) June 3
c) June 5
d) June 7

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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8. Which Indian space mission was launched to study the Moon?

a) Mangalyaan
b) Chandrayaan
c) Aditya-L1
d) Gaganyaan

9. In which year did India gain independence?

a) 1945
b) 1946
c) 1947
d) 1950

10. Who is the current President of India? (as of 2024)

a) Pranab Mukherjee
b) Droupadi Murmu
c) Ram Nath Kovind
d) Meira Kumar

11. Which state is the largest producer of coffee in India?

a) Tamil Nadu
b) Kerala
c) Karnataka
d) Assam

12. Which gas is most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere?

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

13. The headquarters of ISRO is located in:

a) Hyderabad
b) Bengaluru
c) Chennai
d) Mumbai

14. Which is the national aquatic animal of India?

a) Dolphin
b) Crocodile
c) Whale
d) Octopus

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15. What is the capital of Canada?

a) Toronto
b) Ottawa
c) Vancouver
d) Montreal

16. Which Indian state shares its border with the maximum number of other states?
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Bihar
d) Rajasthan

17. Who was the first woman Prime Minister of India?

a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Pratibha Patil
d) Sonia Gandhi

18. Which city is known as the “City of Joy”?

a) Delhi
b) Kolkata
c) Mumbai
d) Chennai

19. The term ‘Black Soil’ is associated with the cultivation of:
a) Rice
b) Cotton
c) Tea
d) Wheat

20. Question: The headquarters of UNESCO is located in:

a) London
b) Geneva
c) New York
d) Paris

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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Answer Key to MCQs

Question Answer
1 c
2 b
3 a
4 b
5 a
6 b
7 c
8 b
9 c
10 b
11 c
12 c
13 b
14 a
15 b
16 a
17 a
18 b
19 b
20 d

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 Mysore University School of Engineering
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All the Best for your Entrance Exams

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