2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET)

Smart Cattle Farm Infrastructure and Monitoring

Cattle Health Status using IOT
2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET) | 979-8-3503-2919-3/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSEIET58677.2023.10303358

K. Ezhilarasan Shilpa A N Sridhar N

Department of ECE, CMR University Department of ECE, CMR University Department of ECE, CMR University
Bengaluru Govt. Polytechnic, Channasandra, CMRIT
[email protected] Sambhram Institute of Technology Bengaluru
(VTU-RC) [email protected]
Bengaluru
[email protected]

Vijaya Lakshmi
Department of ECE, CMR University
BIT
Bengaluru
[email protected]

Abstract— Cattles are suffering numerous challenges in

today’s world, because humans do not care for them. They are II. LITERATURE SURVEY
fully reliant on technology, which is all around us, to spot the Chinmaya.S et al [1] presented a method using IOT based
presence of illness at the premature phase and prevent it from dairy cow health tracking for obtaining a relation between
spreading. This paper proposed a reliable, economic, energy
dairy cattle disorders. This technique is to diagnose the nature
efficient and livestock health monitoring system. The lightning
sensor, which will switch ON and OFF based on the weather.
of any ailments that a cow might have and connect it to
Through IR sensor determining the cattle count. This allows us various sensors that will accurately monitor the behavioral
to keep an eye on a gadget that can sense, record, and wirelessly changes. Deivanai Gurusamy et al [2] suggested a sound
communicate data for the cow’s precision and timekeeping. sensor and IOT, but they are restricted to untimely
Critical metrics such as cow’s health, includes body recognition of illness. It can be un-mitigated through
temperature, respiration, humidity, heartbeat, and rumination wearable sensors to decrease the noise range.
are continuously monitored using wireless sensors based on
Muhammad Osama et al [3] used both hardware and
emergency detection of cattle health monitoring system.
software technology that may increase the production of the
Keywords: IoT, cow health monitoring, pic-microcontroller, milk. This technology will not harm to the environment as
IR sensor, wireless sensor, light Sensor. well as cows. Shabani et al [4] offered an assessment of micro
service-based architecture, which acts as an interface
I. INTRODUCTION between IoT and applications to track cattle health.
Shailendra Mishra et al [5] have done livestock research
The cattle sector is crucial to the global economy [1]. In
using IoT and found that more work is needed to have smart
today’s largely increase in pollution and global warming
cattle monitoring systems. Ateev Agarwal et al [6] proposed
environment, the parameters such as temperature and
a Cattle health monitoring using WPAN. With reference to
humidity are changing rapidly depending upon the climate.
Thermal Humidity Index, the system is capable to analyze the
Wireless sensor networks are widely utilized for tracking
stress level of cattle. M. Snehal et al [7] proposed the Arduino
corporeal and biological activities of the surroundings. The
based system continuously monitors various animal actions
information collected by means of WSN is massive and
and IoT based wireless sensor, tracks and transmits to any
distributed through the network. The two methods are mainly
location. Mirani A.A et al [8] suggested IoT and WSN based
utilized for health monitoring is invasive and non-invasive.
techniques are used livestock monitoring. Now, these
The focus of the cattle health tracking system is to know the
techniques are in focus of agriculture automation industry.
body temperature, head movement and cardiac condition.
IoT based systems are effective in any smart systems [9].
With the help of cattle sweat, one can measure the parameters
Vijayashree B et al [10] suggested IoT based technique
such as external and mental condition to identify whether
monitors and detects emergency situations in the cattle’s
cattle are stressed or not. This paper detecting the estrus
farm. From the existing literature, can know that the
period, it may perform the operation that breeders must have
information will be large during monitoring and transmission
timely and accurate information to check whether cow is in
of cow’s health data; the statistics compilation method will
heat. This prediction can help to increase the yield of milk
necessitate suitable data storage. External, Local and Data
production. Diseases can be identified within 24 hours
Centric type of store are the three most used data storage and
through their visual sign’s and will be informed to the nearby
retrieval mechanisms in WSN. When the data must be stored
veterinary doctor, so that they will prevent the spread of
on an external storage device, external storage is employed.
diseases. The cattle’s presence, sleeping position and the
The nodes deliver information to the base station without any
standing position can be known using the different sensors. If
user-generated queries and without doing some kind of
any fire accident occurs in the cattle shed, the water will be
aggregation. As a result, there is more traffic, which causes
sprinkled in the affected areas immediately.
service delays.

979-8-3503-2919-3/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE

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 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET)

Unold et al [11] suggested the IoT based cow health 313- heating resistance. Here voltage response is directly
monitoring system effectively tracks dairy cattle behavior related with the smoke amount.
and identify certain physiological conditions, such as estrus
and health issues (such as mastitis). The proposed model uses
numerous sensors to make infrastructure smarter [12], [13],
[14], [15]. IOT & Sensors are vital in the smart health
analysis and monitoring [16].
III. PROPOSED MODULE
The proposed system can measure and monitor the body
temperature, sweating, rumination, heart rate of Cattle. The
three main components of the Cattle Health Monitoring
System are depicted in Fig. 1. They are Data Obtaining Unit,
the Data Managing Unit, and the Data Interacting Unit. These
components together provide an actual period of observing,
processing, and recording. The body temperature, respiration,
humidity, heart rate, and rumination sensors that are
connected to the pic microcontroller forms most of the data
gaining unit. The data are obtained by the data gaining unit
and made available to the data administration and interaction
unit. Multiple health factors can be measured easily and
automatically using the sensors. Fig. 1. Overview of proposed module

(i) LM-35 is a temperature sensor utilized to keep track of (v) The processing unit takes care of analyzing sensor
the cattle’s body temperature. Using an ESP-8266 and a readings in order to detect illnesses. Due to compactness and
microcontroller, the temperature is preprocessed and uploaded less energy requirements, the Arduino Nano is employed for
to the cloud. Two ADXL335 accelerometer sensors are processing. It has a 5V DC working voltage and a frequency
utilized in this wearable device to detect and indicate lameness of 16MHz. It features a devoted sequential side-line interface,
at some stage in pregnancy. One may be attached to the eight analogues to digital converters, fourteen GPIO pins, six
cattle’s jaw to determine the rumination period, while the of which can be utilized for pulse width modulation. Data is
other will be attached to the cattle’s neckline for determining sent among sensors and with cloud via the transmission
standing time, lying time and distance travelled, along with module. The ESP01-8266 Wi-Fi unit serves as the wearable
estrus period. It has +3.3V to +5.0V DC working voltage and gadget's connectivity module. It has a 3.3V DC working
a current consumption of 350A. It can operate at temperature voltage. The power unit provides power to entire apparatus.
ranging from -40 to +85 degree Celsius. It detects vibration in This wearable device’s power source is a 5V rechargeable
three separate directions: X, Y, and Z. battery.
(ii) The KG181 Microphone Sensor is used to identify
illness and emergencies in cattle by detecting the sound
intensity. It has a 5V DC working voltage and a current
consumption of greater than or equal to 15mA. For smart
lighting purposes, the LDR sensor is utilized to measure real-
time light intensity in a cow farm environment. 5V DC and
75mA are the operating voltage and current consumption,
respectively. It has a temperature range of -60 to +75 degrees
Celsius. At 30 degrees Celsius, it dissipates 250 milliwatts.
The response resistance may be relative with incident light in
an indirect manner.
(iii) Infrared sensor has utilized to add up number of
animals in a farm for the purpose of smart lighting and
ventilation. 3.3V to 5.5V DC and 10mA are the operational
voltage and current consumption, respectively. It can detect
objects from 2 to 80 centimeters away. Its output voltage is
directly related with the amount of barrier it detects. Its
sensitivity is increased depends on necessities by tweaking the
potentiometer. DHT11 Humidity Sensor is utilized to measure
actual humidity in a cattle farm setting in order to optimize
ventilation. 3.5V to 5V DC and 0.3mA are the operating
voltage range and current consumption, respectively. Its
working temperature ranges from 0 to +60 degrees Celsius. Its
voltage response is directly related to amount of humidity.
(iv)The MQ-02 smoke sensor is used to measure smoke
levels at a livestock farm. It has a 5V DC working voltage. It
uses less than or equivalent to 900mW to heat up. It has a

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 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET)

snake;
• Cattle may lose its calf while grazing

TABLE I. ASCEND OF CATTLE MAIN HEALTH TEMPERATURE VS SEVERITY OF

SICKNESS

Ascend Temperature Severity of sickness

1 Typical situation
2 Fairly regular
>3 Unwell
Linear array increment Hazard
The table I shows the relationship between ascend of cattle
main health temperature, also severity of sickness.

TABLE II. THE PARTICULAR OF MAIN HEALTH TEMPERATURE AND

PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR TO FIND OUT SICKNESS.

Main body Observations Sickness

Temperature (F)
105 – 106 Cough pneumonia
104 – 108 High lying period, reduced Rear leg
walking time
105 – 106 High standing Lungs blockage
period
104 – 106 High lying period laminitis
105 – 108 Walk gradually, stiffly less Joint ill and novel
distance walked ill

The association among cattle main body temperature,

lying period, standing period and distance travelled for
knowing specific illness is shown in table II
Fig. 2. Flow chart for cattle farming

Fig. 4. Framework of Smart Cattle Infrastructure

In Fig.4, the framework of smart cattle infrastructure is

Fig. 3. Flowchart for wearable device
shown. In this work, the emergency state of cattle is
Fig.2 and Fig.3, depicts the detailed flow of the Cattle determined based on the mooing sound. The heart rate is
determined using a heartbeat sensor included in the wearable
farming and wearable device respectively.
device. Through the Wi-Fi-module, all the acquired data is
Wearable Device Function transferred to the cloud. If any ailment is identified in the
The cattle's neck is tethered to the wearable gadget. Early cattle's body, information may be transmitted to veterinary
diagnosis of disease, early detection of anomalies, early physician, and cattle's location will be known and uploaded to
detection of emergency conditions, and early detection of the cloud via this wearable gadget. An accelerometer sensor
location are all functions of the wearable gadget. used here determined the cattle's laying position; the position
Accelerometer sensor, LM35 sensor, heart beat sensor, of the livestock is also determined using this sensor.
ESP8266 Wi-Fi-module, and microphone sensor are all
included in the wearable device. Cattle used to make a sound
called mooing to notify that there was an emergency.
• Cattle may become separated from the rest of the
herd;
• Cattle may observe something dreadful, such as a

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 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET)

Fig. 8.Cattle status

In Fig. 8, the status of cattle’s presence in the cattle farm
is indicated on LCD.
The real-time measurements of the cow’s primary health
such as temperature, standing time, lying time and distance
Fig. 5.Smart infrastructure of cattle farming walked are plotted in Fig. (9) – (14).

Fig. 5, shows the proposed cattle smart infrastructure in

cattle framing.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
The Thingspeak cloud, an open source IoT programme,
can be used to analyze the output. Thingspeak is a graphical
representation of the values gathered. Thingspeak provides
data visualization in real time.

Fig. 9. Cattle standing time

Fig. 6.Status of fan

Fig. 6, shows LCD displaying the status of fan, when

temperature is high

Fig. 7. Status of moisture level Fig. 10.Cattle sleeping time

In Fig. 7, the status of moisture level is indicated on LCD,

when the moisture level is high.

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 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET)

Fig. 14. Cattle body temperature

Fig. 11. Cattle sitting time
It has been observed from experimental results that
compared to the existing systems, the proposed system could
reduce the human effort by continuously monitoring the
cattle health parameter. With the help of this model a farmer
can locate their cattle’s precise location in a large farm with
less time. Here smart Cattle uses smart wearable device to
detect heat in the cattle and analyses the animal's behavior
before alerting the farmer to the best time for insemination.
These smart cattle’s identifies potential health risks early on
and tracks animal behavior as well as feed intake. In order to
achieve this, smart cattle tags measure the animal’s time
budget, which includes the amount of time it spends
respiration, resting and walking.
V. CONCLUSION
The developed system efficiently tracks the activities of
cattle and enables the early detection of certain physiological
conditions and health issues. Farmers will benefit from the
proposed system’s efficiency and the security aspects of
farm. The health parameters of the cattle are measured using
Fig. 12.Cattle heart beat rate sensors and the results are shown on LCD monitor. The
health indicators of the cattle are monitored by the wearable
gadget, which will take essential action in some crucial
situations. The information collected by the wearable gadget
is sent to the veterinary doctor. This technique saves the
farmer time and, resulting in healthier animals and higher
yields. The system’s high-status infrastructure can be
accessible at any time and from any location. The proposed
system is cheaper, sensible, environmental-pleasant, and a
safer means to keep down power. This work successfully
solves two problems: power management and incandescent
light disposal. Total automation in the livestock farm will
result in increased productivity. Future upgrades to the
system could include new algorithms that could identify signs
of various illnesses, such lameness.
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