B1 OPEN WORLD BOOK UNIT 4

Irregular Verbs page 223

VERB PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH
KNEEL KNELT KNELT ARRODILLARSE
KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER / CONOCER
LAY LAID LAID PONER / COLOCAR
LEAD LED LED DIRIGIR / LIDEREAR
LEARN LEARNT / LEARNED LEARNT / LEARNED APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT MARCHARSE / DEJAR / DEJAR ALGO
“OLVIDADO” SABIENDO DONDE ESTÁ.
LEND LENT LENT PRESTAR
LET LET LET DEJAR DE PERMISO
LIE LAY LAIN ACOSTARSE / TUMBARSE
LIGHT LIT LIT ILUMINAR / ENCENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE HACER (DE CREAR)
PAST SIMPLE: AN ACTION THAT STARTED AND FINISHED IN THE PAST. Page 206 PAST SIMPLE (Verb TO BE)

PRONOUN (+) (-) (?)

I was in Texas. wasn’t in Texas. Was I in Texas?
You were in Texas. weren’t in Texas. Were you in Texas?
He was in Texas. wasn’t in Texas. Was he in Texas?
She was in Texas. wasn’t in Texas. Was she in Texas?
It was in Texas. wasn’t in Texas. Was it in Texas?
We were in Texas. weren’t in Texas. Were we in Texas?
You were in Texas. weren’t in Texas. Were you in Texas?
They were in Texas. weren’t in Texas. Were they in Texas?
Page 202 PAST SIMPLE (Verbs) & Power Point

PRONOUN (+) (-) (?)

I grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did I grow up in Texas?
You grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did you grow up in Texas?
He grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did he grow up in Texas?
She grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did she grow up in Texas?
It grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did it grow up in Texas?
We grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did we grow up in Texas?
You grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did you grow up in Texas?
They grew up in Texas. didn’t grow up in Texas. Did they grow up in Texas?
Spelling –ED (REGULAR VERBS) Page 54 Grammar on the move www.cambridge.org/OW_Pre_Vid12

Most verbs Add – ed Watch = watched

Verbs end in “e” add –d Like = liked
One syllable Double last consonant, stop = stopped
Consonant, vowel, consonant add -ed
One syllable Add - ed Rain = rained
Vowel, vowel, consonant Wait = waited
Two syllables Add –ed Open = opened
Emphasis on the first syllable Upload = uploaded
Two syllables Double last consonant, Prefer = preferred
Emphasis on the second syllable add -ed
vowel + Ends in “y” Add – ed Play = played
consonant + Ends in “y” Change “y” to “i”, Add -ed Study = studied
End in “ie” Add - d Die = died
End in vowel + “l” (British English) Add another “l”, add -ed Travel = travelled
 PAST CONTINUOUS: WAS / WERE + ING p. 207

PRONOUN (+) (-) (?)

I was cooking dinner. wasn’t cooking dinner. Was I cooking dinner?
You were cooking dinner. weren’t cooking dinner . Were you cooking dinner ?
He was cooking dinner. wasn’t cooking dinner. Was he cooking dinner?
She was cooking dinner. wasn’t cooking dinner. Was she cooking dinner?
It was cooking dinner. wasn’t cooking dinner. Was it cooking dinner?
We were cooking dinner. weren’t cooking dinner . Were we cooking dinner ?
You were cooking dinner. weren’t cooking dinner . Were you cooking dinner ?
They were cooking dinner. weren’t cooking dinner . Were they cooking dinner ?
We can use the Past Simple and Past Continuous in a sentence. In a “timeline” the Past Continuous
would start first or would be in progress when the action in Past Simple happened.
For example: The phone rang while I was cooking dinner. / While I was cooking dinner, the phone rang.
A PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
In other words, I was cooking dinner first and it was an action which was in progress and the phone
interrupted me from cooking.
PAST PERFECT: For ALL THE PRONOUNS: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd verb column). P. 208
(the past of the past simple) (PLUSCUAMPERFECTO: HABIA COMIDO, HABIA ESTADO, HABÍA TERMINADO)
Page 56 Grammar on the move www.cambridge.org/OW_Pre_Vid13

PRONOUN (+) (-) (?)

I, you , he, she, it, had finished my homework. hadn’t finished my homework . Had I, you, he, she, it, we, they finished
we ,they my, your, his, her, our, their homework ?
We can use the Past Simple and Past Perfect in a sentence. In a “timeline” the Past Perfect would
happen and finish before the action in Past Simple happened.
For example:
Before I went to school, I had finished my homework. / I had finished my homework before I went to school.
A PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
I went to school after I had finished my homework. / After I had finished my homework, I went to school.
In other words, first I finished my homework and then I went to school.
---I had never visited Italy before, so I was really excited.

Despite the rain, I didn’t take an umbrella.

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF / ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH = ( a pesar)
I didn’t take an umbrella despite the rain.
Despite / In spite of +
possessive + noun, article + noun or –ing verb.., In spite of studying, she didn’t pass the exam.
She didn’t pass the exam in spite of studying

Although it was raining, I didn’t take an umbrella.

Although / Even though +
subject + verb….,
I didn’t take an umbrella although it was raining.

Even though she had studied for the exam, she failed.
She failed the exam even though she had studied.
 Page 63 Real world www.cambridge.org/OW_Pre_Vid14

VOCABULARY 3

Skyscrapers rascacielos Library biblioteca Suitable Adecuado/a

Reliable Confiable Playground Patio para jugar The Price is worth Vale pagar el precio
paying for
unreliable No confiable A lively place Un lugar lleno de vida The heart of the El corazón de la
city ciudad
Despite A pesar facilities instalaciones Prices Precios
Stream Rio pequeño Canals Canales de agua Prizes Premios
(competencia)
During durante Bridge puente Award Premio (galardón)

However, Sin embargo Busy ocupado reward recompensa

valley valles It began Comenzó a Uncle tío

trading comercializar
waterfalls cascadas Stalls Puestos de la calle Stay Permanecer /
quedarse
moose alce Seats asientos Walk through a Caminar a través de
field un campo
Alone Solo/a Packed with Lleno de gente Before antes
people
calf Cría de algunos Get around Ir / desplazarse After después
animales,
músculo de
pantorrilla
Realise Darse cuenta Loads of Un montón de Theme park Parque de atracciones

Subway / Metro por debajo de disappointing decepcionante

underground la ciudad
Neighborhoods barrios Amazing genial
/neighbourhoods
skyline Horizonte / Believe creer
metro por arriba
Arrive in a city / Llegar a una ciudad/ So long ago Hace tanto tiempo
country país
Arrive at a place Llegar a un lugar Pleased Complacido/a

Plane landed Avión aterrizó Jobs empleos

Plane took off Avión despegó Architects Arquitectos/as

frightened Asustado/a Cool fresco

awake Despierto/a Guests Húespedes /

invitados
Suddenly De repente Chance oportunidad

fox zorro Towers torres

Then, later Después, más tarde Advantage ventaja

While mientras Disadvantage desventaja