Department of Commerce and

Business Administration
University of Allahabad

B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III

Three Year Degree Course

w.e.f. July, 2019

2 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

The Department
Founded on September, 23rd 1887, the University of Allahabad, an internationally
acclaimed centre of excellence, is the fourth oldest University in the country after
Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai. Over the period, the teaching component got expanded
and presently the University has six identifiable facilities – Medicine, Engineering, Arts,
Science, Law and Commerce. Of these, Commerce faculty was setup in 1916 with the
establishment of Economics Department. The Department of Commerce was founded in
1924 and by 1965 the Department got its present identity as a combined setup for
Commerce and Business Administration with the inception of M. B. A. and D. B. A.
Programmes.

The Department of Commerce of the University of Allahabad has been one of the
pioneers in the field of Business Education in the Country. It was established in the year
1924 with the commencement of teaching for Undergraduate degree the Bachelor of
Commerce. The Postgraduate teaching for the master’s degree in Commerce was started
in the Department in the year 1940. The research programmes for Doctoral and Post‐
Doctoral degree were also launched in the same year. These developments were taking
place at a time when Commerce Education had not made much progress elsewhere. Very
few Universities had Commerce Departments and perhaps two: Mumbai and Kolkata, had
Post Graduate teaching in Commerce.

Another dimension to the Department was added in 1958, when started thinking
in terms of planning the future shape of Business Education and the Motilal Nehru
Institute of Research and Business Administration (MONIRBA) was formally established. It
was basically conceived as a research‐oriented unit but had the secondary objective of
furthering the cause of Management Education.

An Agro Economic Research centre was setup in keeping with the research
objective, in the Motilal Nehru Institute of Research and Business Administration by the
Union Minister of Food and Agriculture in the year 1963, under the Department renamed
as the Department of Commerce and Business Administration.

The Department was the first among Indian Universities to introduce Post
Graduate teaching in business administration in the year 1965. This was done after
careful planning and assessment of the need for trained personnel to man managerial
position in the expanding public and private sectors. The Postgraduate Diploma Courses
in Business and Industrial Administration duly approved by the All India Council of
Technical Education, Government of India, were initiated in the year 1967.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|3

The Department is operating from Commerce Building and Motilal Nehru Institute
of Research and Business Administration, Chatham Lines, Allahabad, having impressive
building and sprawling lawns, requisite number of classrooms, lecture theatres, halls, well
equipped laboratories and a fairly big library. The building also houses the Agro Economic
Research Centre, the Business Research Unit, the Case Collection Cell, the Placement Cell
and the offices.

Over the year, the Department has built up a reputation for good teaching and
research. Most of the members of the faculty have Doctoral Degrees and large number of
books, articles, research papers and other publications to their credit. The Department
has also contributed many eminent scholars. Professors, Administrators and Executives in
the field of Business Education and Industry. The Department has rich record of
organizing Faculty Development Programme, Executive Development Programme and
Extension Programme like Seminars and Conferences for the benefit of Business Scientists
and practicing executives of public and private sectors. The Department continues to be a
pioneer in the field of Business Research and Education and has the potential to
undertake many more activities in the field of Commerce and Management.

The Department is conducting graduate, postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral

programmes on a full time and regular basis. The graduate level programmes consist of
the B.Com. course while there are postgraduate level programmes currently being run by
Department. The currently run courses are as follows:

1. B. Com.: A full‐time three years programme leading to the award of Bachelor’s

Degree in Commerce.
2. M. Com.: A full‐time two years programme leading to the award of Master’s
Degree in Commerce.
3. M. B. A.: A full‐time four semesters programme leading to the award of Master’s
Degree in Business Administration.
4 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

Disciplinary Considerations

The students are required to maintain prescribed levels of discipline in terms of

attendance and proper conduct within and outside the Department. Every student is
required to carry his / her Identity Cards all the time, and make use of the Departmental
Cycle Stand after obtaining proper token for parking his / her vehicle. Parking of vehicle at
any place other than the prescribed cycle stand is strictly prohibited and stern action shall
be taken against defaulters. The students are required to exhibit proper conduct and
keep away from any activity that may invite disciplinary action. For Identity Card and
token for cycle stand, the students should get in touch with the University Proctor’s Office
with necessary action.

Co‐Curricular Activities

The Department places a lot of importance on supplementing the academic

curriculum with development activities. With this end in view Undergraduate Commerce
Association (UGCA) is there. All the students of B. Com. Part – I, Part – II, and Part – III are
the members of this association. Co‐curricular activities like debates, quiz and essay
competition etc. and cultural activities like dance competition, singing competition,
rangoli competition etc. are held in the annual social function titled “COMFEST’. Besides
the students can also join NCC.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|5

B. Com. Three Year Degree Syllabus

B. Com. Part ‐ I
Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – A
101 Accounting
102 Business Law
Group – B
103 Business Economics
104 Business Communication
Group – C
105 Money, Banking, and Foreign Exchange
106 Business Organisation and Management

B. Com. Part – II
Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – D
201 Cost Accounting
202 Business Statistics
Group – E
203 Auditing
204 Company Law
Group ‐ F
205 Financial Management
206 Business Environment
6 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part ‐ III

Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – G
301 Income Tax Law and Accounts
302 Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Group – H
303 Entrepreneurship and Small Business
304 International Trade and Tariffs
Optional Groups (any one of them)
Group – I Financial Services
305 ‐ A Insurance and Risk Management
305 ‐ B Banking Law and Practices
Group ‐ J Financial market Analysis
306 ‐ A Stock Market Operations
306 ‐ B Capital and Security Market
Group ‐ K Functional management
307 – A Human Resource Management
307 – B Marketing Management
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|7

Examination & Evaluation:

a. The examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Commerce shall be held in three parts
viz. at the end of Part ‐ I, Part – II, and Part ‐ III.

b. Candidates shall be eligible to appear at the Part ‐ II or Part ‐ III examinations only
after they have passed the Part ‐ I and Part ‐ II examinations, respectively.

c. In order to be declared successful at the Part ‐ I, Part ‐ II and Part ‐ III examinations, a
candidate shall have to obtain a minimum of 30% in individual paper and 36% in
aggregate.

d. Divisions shall be awarded at the end of the Part ‐ III examination on the total marks
obtained in Part ‐ I, Part – II, and Part ‐ III examinations. Candidates who obtain 60%
and more of the aggregate marks shall be placed in the First Division, candidates who
obtain 48% or more but less than 60% of the aggregate marks shall be placed in the
Second Division. Candidates who obtain 36% or more but less than 48% of the
aggregate marks shall be declared to have passed in Third Division.

e. An annual examination of 3 hour shall be held in each paper.

f. The question paper shall comprise of Two Section – A and B. Section –A shall have a
compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each
out of which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked in paper
numbers I, VII, VIII, and XIII. Section – B shall offer a choice of attempting any four of
six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four questions out of six shall be of numerical
/ practical problems in respect of Paper Nos. I, VII, VIII, and XIII. In other papers all
question shall be conceptual / theoretical in both the Sections A and B with choice
for attempting the questions remaining the same.
8 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐ I
Detailed Course Contents

Group‐‘A’
Paper‐101: Accounting
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out
of which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section‐ B shall offer
a choice of attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four
questions out of six shall be of numerical/practical problems.

1. Nature, Principles and Concept of Accounting:

(a) Nature of Accounts, Bases of Accounting, Users of Accounting Information.
(b) Principles of Accounting‐ Accounting Concepts and Conventions.
(c) Indian Accounting Standards‐ a brief study.
2. Government Accounting and Lease Accounting:
(a) Government Accounting: Meaning, Objectives, Principles, Structure of Funds,
Compilation of Accounts and Functions of Treasury.
(b) Lease Accounting: Meaning, Significance, Classification of Leases‐ Operating and
Finance, Accounting treatment.
3. Reserves and Funds:
Reserves for Ascertained, Anticipated and Contingent Liabilities, Reserve Funds,
Specific Funds (Dividend Equalization Fund, Insurance Fund), Sinking Funds, Secret
Reserves.
4. Royalty Accounts: Basic Terms‐ Royalty, Dead Rent, Short Working etc., Entries in the
books of Lessee and Lessor, Practical Problems
5. Accounts of Installment Retailing:
(a) Hire Purchase System: The System and its Operation, Analysis of Installment from
Accounting View Point, Entries in Hire Purchasers’ Books, Entries in Hire Vendors’
Books, The System Appropriate to the Sale of Large number of Articles of Small
Value. Practical Problems
(b) Installment Payment Method: System and its Operation, Entries in the Books of
the Buyer, Entries in the Books of the Seller, Comparison with Hire Purchase
System. Practical Problems
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|9

6. Accounts of Branch Organisation: Features of Suitable System of Branch Accounts,

Accounts Relating to Branches Authorized to Sell Goods Supplied at Cost Price by the
Head Office for Cash as well as on Credit, Accounts relating to Branches when Goods
Supplied by the Head Office at Marked Price, Accounts Relating to Independent
Branches, Accounts Relating to Foreign Branches. Practical Problems
7. Accounting of Insurance Claims: Stock Insurance, Loss of Profit Insurance. Practical
Problems
8. Amalgamation of Companies: Amalgamation in the Nature of Merger and
Amalgamation in the Nature of Purchase; Purchase Consideration; Pooling of Interest
Method and Purchase Method; Entries Relating to Realization Expenses. Accounting
Entries, Practical Problems
9. Accounting of Holding Companies: Holding Companies‐ Its Rational Legal Definition,
Advantages and Disadvantages; Consolidated Balance Sheet; Minority Interest, Cost of
Control, Pre‐acquisition and Post‐acquisition Profit. Practical Problems
10. Liquidation of Company: Order of Payment; Preferential Creditors; Contributories;
Liquidator’s Final Statement of Account. Practical Problems

Suggested Readings:
1. Jagdish Prakash: Advanced Accountancy; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi & English).
2. Ramendu Roy: Accounting Principles and Practice; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi & English).
3. Jain & Narang: Advanced Accountancy; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Maheshwari & Maheshwari: Advanced Accountancy; Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
5. R. K. Singh, Himanshu Srivastava & Vaibhav Singh: Advanced Accountancy, Shikha
Publishers, Allahabad (Hindi & English).
10 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B.Com. Part‐ I

PAPER‐ 102: Business Law

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Law of Contract:
The Indian Contract Act, 1872 Sections 1 to 31, 56, 64,65,68,70 to 75, 124, 126, 148 to
151, 170, 172, 182 to 189, 201 and 211 to 225.
2. Sale of Goods Act, 1930:
Contract of Sale‐ Essentials of a Contract of Sale, Sale and Agreement to Sell; sale and
gift, Sale and Barter, Sale and Bailment; Subject Matter of contract of sale, Types of
goods, Effect of destruction of subject matter; Price‐ Mode of fixing the price;
Conditions and Warranties, Implied Condition and warranties; Doctrine of Caveat
Emptor; Transfer of ownership and title, Performance of contract of sale; Unpaid
seller‐ Rights of unpaid seller; Suit for breach of contract; Sale by Auction.
3. The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008:
Salient Features, Difference between LLP and Partnership, LLP Agreement, Partners
and Designated Partners‐ Duties and Responsibilities, Incorporation and Registration,
Extent of liability of LLP and Partners, Dissolution.
4. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881:
Definition, Legal Presumptions, Types of Negotiable Instruments, Holder and Holder in
Due Course, Maturity of Negotiable Instruments, Endorsement, Crossing of Cheques.
5. Law of Insurance:
Insurance Contract, Characteristics of Insurance Contract/ Principles of Insurance;
Doctrine of Subrogation; Reinsurance; Double Insurance; Kinds of Insurance‐ Life
Insurance‐ Life Insurance Contract and its characteristics; Non Life Insurance/ General
Insurance‐ Marine Insurance Contract and its characteristics; Fire Insurance Contract
and its characteristics; Difference between Life Insurance and General Insurance.
6. U.P. Shops and Commercial Establishments Act, 1962:
Definition of Commercial Establishment; Registration of Shop and Commercial
Establishment; Hours of Business; Holidays and Leaves; Wage, Deductions and Notices
for Discharge; Employment of Children and Women; Enforcement and Penalties.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|11

Suggested Readings:
1. Garg, Saxena, Sharma & Chawla: Mercantile Law; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
2. Shukla & Sahai: Business Law, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra (Hindi)
3. V. M. Baijal: Commercial Law, PPB, Allahabad (Hindi & English)
4. Singh R. K. & Amit Singh: Vanijya Sanniyam; Astha Pub., Allahabad
5. Singh R. K. & P. S. Sarnwal: Commercial Law; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad
6. Himanshu Srivastava, Vikas Singh: Commercial Law, Shikha Publishers, Allahabad
12 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B.Com. Part‐ I

Group‐‘B’
Paper‐103: Business Economics
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Introduction:
(a) Concept, Nature, and Scope of Business Economics.
(b) Utility Analysis: Concept and Form of Utility; Laws of Diminishing Marginal Utility
and Equi Marginal Utility.
(c) Consumer’s Surplus ( Marshallian and Hicksian Approaches)
2. Demand Analysis:
(a) Concept and Classification of Demand; Determinants of Demand; Law of Demand.
(b) Elasticity of Demand: Concept of Elasticity of Price‐Demand; Income‐Demand, and
Cross‐ Demand; Degree and Measurement, Methods of Elasticity of Price‐
Demand; Relationship of Elasticity of Price‐Demand with Law of Diminishing
Marginal Utility.
(c) Demand Forecasting: Concept, Determinants, Objectives of Demand Forecasting;
Methods of Demand Forecasting for Established Products of a Firm. Importance of
Demand Forecasting.
3. Production Analysis: Concept of Production; Laws of Production/ Variable Proportion
and Return to Scale, Economies and Diseconomies of Scale.
4. Cost and Revenue Analysis:
(a) Cost Analysis: Concept and Classification of Cost; Cost‐Output Relationship;
Significance of Cost Analysis in Business Decision making.
(b) Revenue Analysis: Concept of Revenue; Classification of Revenue; Revenue
Output Relationships.
5. Pricing Analysis: Market Competition Forms; Pricing of Output under Perfect
Competition; Monopoly; Discriminating Monopoly and Imperfect Competition.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|13

6. Theories of Distribution:
(a) Ricardian and Modern Theories of Rent
(b) Keynesian Liquidity Preference and Modern Theories of Interest
(c) Marginal Productivity and Modern Theories of Wage

Suggested Readings:
1. P.N.Chopra: Business Economics, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
2. H.K.Singh& Meera Singh: Buisness Economics; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (Hindi)
3. D.D. Chaturvedi, S.L. Gupta & Anand Mittal: Managerial Economics, Brijwasi Book
Distributors, Delhi
4. K.K. Dewett: Modern Economic Theory; Shyam Lal Charitable Trust, New Delhi
5. Himanshu Srivastava & Prabhat Agrawal: Business Economics, Shikha Publishers,
Allahabad
14 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B.Com. Part‐ I

Paper‐104: Business Communication

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Elements of Communication: (a) Forms of Communication: Formal and Informal,
Interdepartmental, Verbal and Nonverbal; Active Listening and Critical Thinking (b)
Communication Channels (c) Communication Breakdown (d) Communicating Ethics
(e) Soft Skills‐ Personality Traits; Interpersonal Skills; Leadership
2. Communication in Business Environment: (a) Business Meetings, Notice, Agenda,
Minutes (b) Press Releases (c) Corporate Communication: Internal and External,
Group Discussion, Seminars, Presentations.
3. Report Writing: Types of Reports, Steps in Business Report Writing, Styles, Sample
Reports, Reporting of Proceedings of a Meeting.
4. Letter Writing: Types of letters, Parts of Business Letters, Format of Business Letters,
Full Block, Block, Semi Block, Simplified; Request Letters, Good News Letters,
Persuasive Letters, Sales Letters. How to make Business Letters’ Effective.
5. Memo Writing: Advantages, Disadvantages, Memo Format, How to write Effective
Memos‐ Pre Writing Stage, Writing Stage, New Writing Stage, Specimens.
6. Job Application and Resume Writing: (a). Types of Application Letters‐ Solicited and
Prospecting, Specimen of Job Application Letters, (b). Resume Writing‐ Physical
Appearance, Layout of the Resume, Specimens
7. Business Language and Presentation: Importance of Business Language; Oral
Presentation: Importance, Characteristics, Presentation Plan, Power Point
Presentation, Visual Aids.
8. Technology and Business Communication: Role and Significance of Technology in
Business Communication, E‐Mail, Text Messaging and Modern Techniques like Video
Conferencing and Social Networking: Process and Precautions.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|15

Suggested Readings:
1. Ajai Kumar Singhal, Varinder Kumar & Ekta Singhal: Business Communication &
Computer: Kalyani Publication, Ludhiana
2. Dinesh Kumar, B.P. Yadav & Sanjai Goswami: Business Communication and Computer;
Astha Publications, Allahabad
3. Ekta Verma & Shikha Agrawal: Business Communication, Shikha Publishers, Allahabad
16 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B.Com. Part‐ I

Group‐‘C’
Paper – 105: Money, Banking and Foreign Exchange

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Money: Definition, Functions, Significance and Classification; Role of Money in
Different Economies – Capitalist, Socialist and Mixed.
2. Demand for and Supply of Money:
Demand for Money: Concept Approaches: Classical, Keynesian, Portfolio Balance and
Wealth Adjustment.
Supply of Money: Concept, Approaches: Conventional, Chicago, Gurley – Shaw and
the RBI Approach
3. Value of Money:
a) Meaning and Determination – Quantity Theory of Money – Cash Transaction
Approach; Cash Balance Approach, Real Balance Approach and Income –
Expenditure Theory.
b) Measurement of Value of Money – Index Number, Effect of Changes in the Value
of Money – Inflation and Deflation
4. The Money Market:
(a) Definition; Composition; Characteristics; Significance and Defects.
(b) The Institutions of Money Market: Non‐Banking Financial Companies‐ Scope,
Extent and Regulations.
(c) Money Market Instruments: Calls Money Market, The Bill Market in India,
Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposits, Commercial Bills and Treasury Bills.
5. Monetary Policy: Meaning, Objectives, Suitable Monetary Policy for a Developing
Country like India, Instruments of Monetary Policy.
6. Banking: Definition, Functions, Significance and Types of Banks, Banking Operations,
Process and Limits of Credit Creation.
7. Central Banking: Functions of Central Banking, Objectives and Methods of Credit
Control (with special reference to RBI).
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|17

8. Digital Banking: Meaning, Benefits, Mobile Banking, e‐payments, RTGS, NEFT, ECS‐
Critical Evaluation.
9. Foreign Exchange: Meaning and problem of foreign exchange Determination of
Exchange Rate: Mint Parity Theory, Purchasing Power Parity Theory and Balance of
Payments Theory; Liberalized Exchange Rate Mechanism (LERM).
10. I. M. F.: Objectives, Organization and Working. The Problems of International
Liquidity. Special Drawing Rights.

Suggested Readings:
1. D. M. Mithani: Money Banking, International Trade & Public Finance; HPH, Mumbai
2. Hari Gopal Das: Money Banking and Foreign Exchange: Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
3. A.C. Pandey & Prabhat Agrawal: Money & Banking, Shikha Publisher, Allahabad
18 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B.Com. Part‐ I

Paper – 106: Business Organisation and Management

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction: Components and Objectives of Business, Manufacturing and Service
Sectors, Impact of Liberalization and Globalization, Start‐Up, Make In India and Skill
Development Movement.
2. Social Responsibility and Ethics
3. Emerging opportunities in Business: Franchising, Outsourcing and E‐Commerce:
Features, Issues, Problems and Scope.
4. Location of Business Units: Meaning, Importance and Factors Affecting Location,
Weber’s Deductive Theory, Sergeant Florence’s Inductive Theory.
5. Business Combination: Meaning, Causes, Types and Forms of Combinations,
Advantages and Evils of Combination, Combination in Indian Industries.
6. Nature and Scope of Management: Concept of Management, Management as a
Science and as an Art, Levels of Management, Role and Responsibility of
Management, Evolution of Management Thought‐ Classical, Neo‐Classical and
Modern.
7. Functions of Management:
(a) Planning: Nature, Types, Significance and Limitations, Management by Objective
(MBO).
(b) Decision Making: Types, Process, Rational Decision Making and its Limitations.
(c) Organising: Concept, Types, Divisions and Levels; Authority and Responsibility;
Delegation of Authority, Centralization and Decentralization of Authority.
(d) Directing: Principles and Techniques.
(e) Communication: Process, Levels, Types and Barriers.
(f) Controlling: Process and Methods.
(g) Coordination: Concept, Techniques and Barriers.
8. Major Theories of Management: Scientific Management (F. W. Taylor),
Administrative Management (Henri Fayol), Behavioural Theory (Elton Mayo).
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|19

Suggested Readings:
1. Jagdish Prakash: Business Organisation & Management; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad (Hindi
& English)
2. B. P. Singh & T. N. Chhabra: An Introduction to Business Organisation & Management;
Kitab Mahal, Allahabad
3. M. Motihar: Business Organisation and Management, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad (English & Hindi)
4. S. S. Shukla & Prabhat Agrawal: Business Organisation, Shikha Publishers, Allahabad
20 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐ II

Group ‘D’
Paper ‐201: Cost Accounting
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out
of which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section‐ B shall offer
a choice of attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four
questions out of six shall be of numerical/practical problems.
1. Nature, Principles, Objectives, Importance and Limitations of Cost Accounting;
Installation of an Ideal Costing System: Steps in installing a Costing System, Difficulties
in Installing a Costing System.
2. Material:
a. Purchase: Centralized purchasing, Decentralized Purchasing, Purchase Procedure.
b. Storage of Material: Stores department, classification and codification, Bin Card,
Two Bin System, Stores Ledger Card, Difference between Store ledger and Bin
Card, Treatment of Spoilage, Wastage and Scrap of Material.
c. Issue of Material: Requisition note, Material returned note, Material transfer
note, Methods of pricing of Material issued: Cost price methods, Average cost
price methods and Notional price method.
d. Control: Need, responsibility, Methods of Inventory Control: ABC Analysis and
EOQ concept, perpetual inventory system, periodic stock taking system.
3. Labour: Time Keeping and Time Booking, Methods of Time Keeping, Methods of
Time Booking, Job Card System, Types of Job Card, Methods of Remunerating
Labour, Various Incentive Plans, Group Bonus Scheme, Other Incentive Schemes,
Labour turnover, Measurement of Labour Turnover.
4. Overheads: Classification; Allocation, Apportionment and Re‐apportionment,
Principles of apportionment, Methods of Re‐apportionment, Absorption of
Overheads, Methods of Absorption of Overheads.
5. Single Unit or Output Costing: Cost‐sheet, Production Account. Practical Problems.
6. Calculation of Tender Price / Quotation Price. Practical Problems.
7. Contract Costing – Practical Problems.
8. Job and Batch Costing ‐ Practical Problems.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|21

9. Process Costing: Simple Process Cost Account, Transfer to Warehouse, Abnormal

wastage and abnormal efficiency, Normal wastage account, Joint products and By‐
products; Oil crushing, Refining and Finishing processes, Transfer price – Inter process.
Practical Problems.
10. Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts – Practical Problems.
11. Operating Costing (only transport and hotel) – Practical Problems.
12. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis (Material and Labour only) – Practical
Problems.
13. Budgetary Control, Performance Budgeting and Zero Base Budgeting.

Suggested Readings:
1. Ajai Kumar Singhal: Cost Accounting – A Multidimensional Approach, PPB, Alld.
2. S. P. Jain & K. L. Narang: Cost Accounting: Principles and Practice; Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana
3. Jagdish Prakash & Devesh Prakash: Cost Accounting; PPB, Allahabad
4. M. C. Shukla, T. S. Grewal & M. P. Gupta: Cost Accounting: Text and Problems; S.
Chand & Company, New Delhi
5. Singh, R. K. & Shiv Shanker Shukla: Lagat Lekhankan; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad (Hindi)
6. A.K.Garg: Cost Accounting: An Analytical Study, Swati Prakashan, Meerut, 250001
7. Singh, R. K. & S. S. Shukla: Cost Accounting: Shikha Publishers, Allahabad
22 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐ II
Paper‐202: Business Statistics
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out
of which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section‐ B shall offer
a choice of attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four
questions out of six shall be of numerical/practical problems.
1. Introduction: Meaning, Importance and Limitation; Collection, Classification,
Tabulation and Presentation of Data.
2. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic
Mean, Relation between averages.
3. Measures of Dispersion: Range Method, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation,
Coefficient of Variation, Quartile Deviation.
4. Measures of Skewness: Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness, Bowley’s Coefficient
of Skewness.
5. Correlation: Graphic and Scatter diagram method, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of
Correlation, Spearman’s rank Correlation Coefficient.
6. Analysis of Time Series: Moving average method, Least Square Method, Seasonal
Variations, Irregular Fluctuations.
7. Index Number: Un‐weighted Index number, Changing and Shifting of Base, Weighted
Index number, Cost of living Index Number, Fisher’s Ideal Index Number, Reversibility
Tests.
8. Interpolation: Parabolic Curve method, Newton’s method, Binomial expansion
method, Lagrange’s method.
9. Probability: Classical and Axiomatic definitions, Addition theorem, Multiplication
theorem (elementary problems only).
10. Statistical Organisation in India ‐ CSO and NSSO
Suggested Readings:
1. Ramendu Roy: Principles of Statistics; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi & English)
2. K. L. Gupta: Business Statistics; Navyug Shahitya Sadan, Agra
3. D. N. Elhance: Fundamentals of Statistics; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad
4. S. P. Gupta: Statistical Methods; S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi
5. R. K. Singh & D. K. Verma: Advan. Statistics (Uchchtar Sannkhikiya); PPB, Alld (Hindi)
6. Singh R. K. & S.S. Shukla ; Business Statistics, Shikha Publishers, Allahabad
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|23

B. Com. Part‐ II

Group ‘E’
Paper‐203: Auditing
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction: Meaning, Scope, Objective and Limitation of Auditing, Audit Process,
Classification of Audit – Interim, Final and Continuous Audit, Internal and External
Audit, Audit Standards and Audit Guidelines, Commencement and Conducting an
Audit, Audit Programme, Test Checking and Routine Checking, Difference between
Audit and Investigation.
2. Internal Check: Meaning, Objective, Implications, Distinction with Internal Control
and Internal Audit, Essentials of a Sound System of Internal Check, Internal Check
System with regard to specific areas – Purchase and Trade Creditors, Sales and Trade
Debtors, Stock and Work‐in‐Progress, Wages and Salaries, Reliance of Auditor on
Internal Check System.
3. Vouching of Transactions: Meaning, Objective, Significance and General Principles of
Vouching, Vouchers and Their Reliability, Vouching of Specialised Transactions,
Vouching of Trading Transaction, Vouching of Cash Transactions.
4. Verification and Valuation: Meaning, Objective and Principles of Verification and
Valuation, General Considerations for Valuation of Assets, Guidelines on Verification
of Assets issued by Institute of Chartered Accounts of India, Verification and Valuation
of various Assets and Liabilities.
5. Company Auditor: Appointment, Rotation, Qualifications, Disqualifications,
Remuneration, Removal, Rights, Duties, Powers and Liabilities of Company Auditor.
6. Auditor’s Report: Scope, Contents, Qualified, Modified and Unqualified Audit Report,
Consideration for making Qualifications in Audit Reports, Specimen of Audit Reports.
7. Audit of Banking and Insurance Companies: Features and special points relating to
Audit of Banking Company and Insurance Company.
8. Cost Audit and Management Audit: Meaning, Objectives, Significance and Process of
Cost Audit and Management Audit, Professional Misconduct in Cost Accountants Act,
Distinction between Management Audit and Cost Audit.
9. Tax Audit and Secretarial Audit: Meaning, Objectives, Process.
24 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

Suggested Readings:
1. Jagdish Prakash: Auditing – Principles, Practices & Problems; Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana (Hindi & English)
2. G. D. Verma, Pradeep Kumar, Baldev Sachdeva & Singh: Auditing – Theory and
Practice; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|25

B. Com. Part‐ II
Paper‐204 ‐ Company Law
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction: Characteristics; Lifting of Corporate Veil; Types of Companies including
One Person Company, Small Company and Dormant Company; Association Not for
Profit; Illegal Association; Formation of Company; Promoters, their Legal position.
2. Documents: Memorandum of Association, Article of Association; Doctrine of
Constructive Notice and Indoor Management, Prospectus‐ Shelf and Red Herring
Prospectus, Misstatement in Prospectus, Book building Issue.
3. Shares and Debentures: Issue, Allotment, Call and Forfeiture of Share; Buyback of
Share, Issue of Sweat Equity Share, ESOP, Bonus Issue, Right Issue and Redemption of
Debentures.
4. Management: Classification of Directors, Women Directors, Independent Directors,
Small Share Holder’s Directors; Disqualification, Director Identity Number (DIN);
Appointment Removal of Director; Key Managerial Personnel, Managerial
Remuneration, Company Secretary‐ Qualification, Appointment and Status.
5. Meeting: Meeting of Shareholder and Board; Types of Meeting, Convening and
Conduct of Meeting, Postal Ballot, e‐Voting, Quorum, Proxy, Minute.
6. Distribution of Profits: Profit and Ascertainment of Divisible Profits; Declaration and
Payment of Dividend; Unpaid Dividend Account; Investor Education and Protection
Fund
7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Applicability of CSR; Types of CSR Activities;
CSR Committee and Expenditure; Net Profit for CSR; Reporting Requirements.
8. Winding Up: Concept and Modes of Winding Up; National Company Law Tribunal
(NCLT); Special Courts.
9. E‐Governance, XBRL: Features of e‐Governance, Benefits of MCA 21, Digital Signature,
XBRL Filing, Benefits of XBRL.
Suggested Readings:
1. G.K. Kapoor: Corporate Laws & Secretarial Practices; Premier Book Company, New
Delhi
2. Avtar Singh: Company Law; Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
3. Garg, Chawla & Gupta: Company Law; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (Hindi & English)
4. Himanshu Srivastava, Mohit Bahal: Company Law; Shuchita Prakashan, Allahabad
26 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐ II

Group‐‘F’
Paper‐205: Financial Management

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Financial Management: Nature, scope and objectives and functions.
2. Financial decision making: Relevance and objectives‐ Wealth maximization vs. Profit
maximization, Basic dimensions of financial decisions‐ Risk and Return.
3. Financial Planning; Concept, Process, characteristics of Sound Financial Plans;
Factors Affecting Financial Plan.
4. Concepts in Financial Planning: Trading on Equity, Capital Gearing, Sources of
capital; Long term capital, Short term capital.
5. Financial Reporting as the basis of Financial Management: Structure of Financial
Statements: Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), Statement of Earnings
(Income Statement).
6. Statement of Cash Flows and Funds Flow: Concept, Process and Relevance.
7. Capitalisation: Theories of Capitalisation, Causes, Consequences and Remedies of
over & under capitalization.
8. Long term investment decisions: Capital Budgeting Process‐ Features, Significance,
Types of capital budgeting decisions, Accounting Profit vs. Cash Flows.
9. Techniques of Capital Budgeting: Payback Period Method, Accounting Rate of
Return, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index.
10. Cost of Capital: Concept, importance, components: Cost of Equity, Cost of Retained
Earnings, Cost of Debt and Cost of Preference Capital, Weighted Average Cost of
Capital (WACC).
11. Leverage Analysis: Concept of leverages, Operating and Financial leverages:
Importance; Combined leverage.
12. Dividends: Kinds & determinants; Cash and stock dividends. Dividend policy and
retained earnings, Walter Formula.
13. Concept of Working Capital: Operating cycle, Net and gross working capital, Factors
affecting working capital requirements.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|27

14. Components of Working Capital: Current assets financing, Need for adequate
working capital, Liquidity vs. profitability.

Suggested Readings:
1. Rustagi, R.P. Fundamentals of Financial Management, Taxmann, 13th Ed.
2. Khan, M.Y & Jain, P.K.: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Pandey, I. M.: Financial Management; Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Chandra, Prasana: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2008.
5. H.K Singh & Sankalp Srivastava: Business Finance; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi & English).
28 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐ II

Paper‐206 : Business Environment

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Business Environment: Concept, Components, Features, Scope of Business
Environment, Interaction between Business and Environment, Fundamental Rights
and Directive Principles of the State.
2. Economic System: Nature, Determinants of Economic system‐ Capitalistic, Socialistic,
Mixed.
3. Policies: New Industrial Policy, Foreign Trade Policy‐ Export Promotion and Import
Substitution, Fiscal Policy, Fiscal Deficit, Deficit Financing.
4. Regional Imbalance and Social Injustice: Nature, Objective, Scope, Causes and
Suggestions.
5. Consumer Protection: Rights, Need, Awareness, Salient Features of Consumer
Protection Act, 1986.
6. Competition: Meaning, Salient Features of Competition Act, 2002, CCI‐ Competition
Commission of India, CAT‐ Competition Appellate Tribunal.
7. Legal Environment: Regulatory Authorities and their functions, Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India (TRAI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA),
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).
8. International Environment of Business: Multinational Corporation, Foreign
Collaboration, Joint Venture, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Implication of WTO.
9. Environment Protection: Need for Sustainable Development, Components of
Environment, Salient Features of Environment Protection Act, 1986, National Green
Tribunal.
Suggested Readings:
1. Rosy Joshi & Sangam Kapoor: Business Environment; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. A. K. Malviya: Business Environment; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi).
4. Singh R. K. & Amit Singh: Vyavashayik Paryavaran; Astha Pub., Allahabad.
4. Singh R. K. & Sarita Maxwell: Business Environment, Shikha Publishers, Allahabad.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|29

B. Com. Part‐III

Group ‘G’
Paper ‐301: Income Tax Law and Accounts
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out
of which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section‐ B shall offer
a choice of attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four
questions out of six shall be of numerical/practical problems.
1. (a). Basic Concept: Assessee, Types of Assessees, Assessment Year, Previous, Year,
Gross Total Income, Total Income, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance. (b). Residential
Status and Tax Incidence. (c). Exempted Incomes under Section 10. (d). Agricultural
Incomes; Meaning, Types, Integration of Agriculture Income with Non‐agricultural
Incomes.
2. Computation of Income under different heads: (a) Salaries (b) Income from House
Property (c) Profit and gains of Business or Profession (d) Capital Gains (e) Income
from Other Sources. Practical Problems
3. (a). Deductions from Gross Total Income (b). Set off and Carry forward of Losses (c).
Assessment of Individual, HUF and Firm. Practical Problems
4. (a). Filing of Returns (b). Permanent Account Number (c). Rebates and Reliefs.
5. (a). Income of other Persons included in assessee’s Income (b). Advance Payment of
Tax (c). Powers of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Assessing Officer (d). Tax
Planning for an Individual, (e). Types of Assessment, (f). Tax Deduction at Source
(TDS).
NOTE: The course contents shall be modified by the Head of the Department as
applicable on 1st July of each Academic Year according to the prevailing tax laws.
Suggested Readings:
1. V. P. Gaur & D. B. Narang: Income Tax – Law & Practice; Kalyani Publishres, Ludhiana.
2. Ahuja, Girish & Ravi Gupta: Systematic Approach to Income Tax; Bharat Law House,
New Delhi.
3. H. C. Mehrotra: Income Tax Law; Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.
4. V. K. Singhania: Students’ Guide to Income Tax, Taxman Publications (P) Ltd. Delhi.
30 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐III

Paper‐302: Goods and Services Tax

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Basic Concepts: Taxable person, Assessee, Types of Assesses, Meaning of Goods and
Services, Difference between CGST, SGST, IGST, UTGST, Input Service, Input Tax,
Output, Output Tax, place of business, place of supply, reverse charge, exempted
goods, various rate of taxes, benefits of GST.
2. Registration: Procedure of registration, compulsory registration, Deemed registration,
cancellation and revocation of registration.
3. Composition Levy: Meaning, specified rates, persons not eligible for composition
scheme, person eligible to opt composition scheme with drawl of composition
scheme, payment of tax, returns, penalty and fines.
4. Input Tax Credit: Meaning, Eligibility and Conditions for taking input tax credit,
situation in which ITC not allowed, Reversal of ITC, availability of credit in special
circumstances.
5. Returns: Procedure of filling returns, periodicity of returns, various forms for filling of
returns, final return, notice to return defaulters, levy of late fee.
6. Assessment and Refund: Self‐Assessment, Provisional Assessment, Scrutiny of
Returns, Assessment of Unregistered Persons, Summary Assessment, Refund.

Note: The course contents shall be modified by the Head of the Department as applicable
on 1st July of each academic year according to the Prevailing Tax Laws.

Suggested Readings:
1. Himanshu Srivastava, Mohit Bahal: GST; Shuchita Prakashan , Allahabad
2. Ekta Verma, Prabhat Agarwal: Goods & Services Tax, Shikha Publications, Allahabad
3. Dr. Vinod K. Singhania: Students’ Guide To GST & Customs Law, Taxmann Publications
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|31

B. Com. Part‐III

Group‐‘H’
Paper‐303: Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Entrepreneurship: Concept; Functions; Elements; Quality of a Successful
Entrepreneur; Theories of Entrepreneurship; Role of Entrepreneur in Economic
Development.
2. Dimensions of Entrepreneurship: Intrapreneurship, Technopreneurship; Cultural
Entrepreneurship; International Entrepreneurship; Netpreneurship; Ecopreneurship
and Social Entrepreneurship.
3. Entrepreneurship Development: Environmental Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial
Development, Entrepreneur Development Programmes and their Critical Evaluation;
Government Policies and their Effects, Role of Government and Other Institutions.
4. Entrepreneurial Sustainability: Public and Private System of Stimulation, Support and
Sustainability of Entrepreneurship. Requirement Availability and Access to Finance
Marketing Assistant, Technology and Industrial Accommodation.
5. Business Plan Preparation: Sources of Business Ideas and Tests of Feasibility.
Significance of Writing the Business Plan/ Project Proposal, Contents of Business Plan/
Project Proposal. Designing Business Processes, Location, Layout, Operations,
Planning and Control; Preparation of Project Report.
6. Creativity: Nature, Constituents, Types; Techniques of Creative Thinking‐ Focus
Groups, Brainstorming, Attitude Analysis, Synectics; Innovation‐ Types and Phases.
Knowledge Management and its role in Innovation.
7. Rural Entrepreneurship: Definition, Meaning, Need, Approaches, Opportunities and
Challenges; Rural Entrepreneurship and Rural Development; Growth of Rural
Entrepreneurship in India.
8. Start‐ Up: Mobilising Resources for Start‐Up, Accommodation and Utilities,
Preliminary Contracts with the vendors, suppliers, bankers, principal customers;
Contract Management; Basic Start‐Up problem, Ease of Doing Business, Make in India.
9. Sustaining Employee Interest: Main Provisions of Minimum Wage Act, 1948 and
Employee Provident Fund Act, 1952.
32 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

Suggested Readings:
1. Vasant Desai: Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management, HPH
2. S.B. Srivastava: A Practical Guide To Industrial Entrepreneurs, S. Chand & Sons
3. S.S.Khanka: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, S. Chand & Sons
4. K Ramchandran, Entrepreneurial Development, McGraw Hill Education
5. Singh, Nagendra P. Emerging Trends in Entrepreneurial Development, New Delhi;
ASEED
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|33

B. Com. Part‐III

Paper‐304: International Trade and Tariffs

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. International Trade: nature, Scope, Objectives, International Vs Domestic Trade,
Strategies of International Trade.
2. Institutional Environment: Nature, Scope, Objective and functioning of GATT, WTO,
UNCTAD, World Bank, IMF.
3. Theories of International Trade: Classical Theory, Ricardian Theory, Haberler’s
Theory, Hecksher‐Ohlin Theory.
4. Anti‐Dumping Duties: Meaning, Principles, Agreement, Determination of Normal
Value and Export Price, Institutional Agreement and Procedure in India.
5. Subsidies and Countervailing Duties: Meaning, Dumping Vs Subsidy, WTO Provisions,
Agreements Categories of Subsidies, Countervailing Measures.
6. Exchange Control: Meaning, Characteristics, Objectives, Techniques, Exchange
Control in India.
7. Foreign Exchange market: Features, Participants, Operations, Spot and Forward
Market.
8. Devaluation and Depreciation of Currencies: Meaning, Objective, Scope, Reasons and
Effects, Devaluation Vs Depreciation of Currencies.
9. Foreign Trade Promotion Measures: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and 100% Export
Oriented Units (EOUs); Measures for Promoting Foreign Investments into and from
India.
10. Import and Custom Duties: Tariff and Non‐Tariff measures; Nature, Objects, Types of
Custom Duty, Role of Customs in International Trade.
Suggested Readings:
1. Bhalla, V.K. Srivaramn: International Business, S.Chand Publishing, New Delhi
2. Subbarao, P: International Business, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi
3. Charles, W.L. Hill, and Jain, Arun Kumar: International Business, New Delhi: Tata
McGraw Hill
4. Justin, Paul: International Business: Text and Cases. Prentice Hall of India, Ltd
34 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐III
OPTIONAL GROUPS (any ONE of them)
Group‐‘I’: Financial Services
Paper‐305‐A: Insurance and Risk Management
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Principles of Insurance: Principle of Cooperation, Insurable Interest, Utmost Good
Faith, Indemnity, Subrogation, Causa‐Proxima, Over and Under Insurance,
Contribution, Pro‐Rata Clause, Paid‐Up Value, Re‐Insurance.
2. Life Insurance: Procedure for effecting Life Insurance , Kinds of Life Insurance Policies,
Whole Life, Endowment and Term Policies, Group Insurance, Policy Conditions,
Nomination and Assignment, Claims Settlement.
3. Life Insurance Premium: Factors affecting premium of Life Insurance Policies,
Methods of Premium Computation, Importance of Mortality Tables in Premium
Computation.
4. Valuation, Surplus and Bonus: Objects of Valuation, Sources of Surplus, Bonus.
5. Fire Insurance: Fire Insurance Contract Principles, Types of Fire Insurance Policies, Fire
Policy Conditions, Claims Settlement.
6. Marine Insurance: Marine Insurance Contract, Express and Implied Warranties under
Marine Insurance, Types of Marine Policies, Policy Conditions/ Clauses, Claims
Settlement.
7. Risk Management: Objectives and Scope of Risk Management, Classification of Risks,
Risk Management Process: Risk Analysis, Risk Control, Risk Financing, Risk Manager’s
Role and Responsibilities.
8. Risk Management Strategies: Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Retention, Risk
Combination, Risk Transfer, Risk Sharing, Risk Hedging, Insurance as a Risk
Management Tool.
Suggested Readings:
1. M.Motihar: ‘Principles and Practice of Insurance’; Sharda Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad
2. M.N. Mishra: ‘Insurance Principles and Practice’; S.Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi
3. M. Arif Khan: ‘Theory and Practice of Insurance’, Educational Book House, Aligarh
4. Michael Crouchy, Dan Galai, Robet Mark: ‘The Essentials of Risk Management’;
McGraw Hill Professional , New York.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|35

B. Com. Part‐III
Paper‐305‐B: Banking Law and Practices
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Bank‐Customer Relationship: Definition of Customer, Bank Customer Relationship
and its special features, Termination of the relationship, Bank Pass Book.
2. Customer Accounts: Opening of Account, Operation of Account, Special Customers of
a Bank‐Minor, Married Women, Lunatic, Drunkard, Joint Accounts, Partnership Firms,
Joint Stock Company and Trustees.
3. Employments of Bank Funds: Cash Reserve and other Non‐Earning Assets, Earning
Assets: Money at Call and Short Notice, Investment, Loans and Advances, Discounting
of Bill.
4. Modes of Securing Advances: Personal Security, Guarantee and indemnity and
Collateral Securities: Lien, Pledge, Mortgage and Hypothecation.
5. Securities of Advances: General Principles for secured advances, Types of Collateral
Securities – Stock Exchange Securities, Goods, Documents of Title of Goods, Life
Insurance Policies, Immovable Property, Fixed Deposit Receipt, Book Debts.
6. Banking Regulation Act: Bank License – Issue, Suspension and Revocation, Inspection
of Bank Offices, Branch Expansion, Bank Books, Records and Returns, Bank Accounts
and Audit.
7. Payments Bank: Types, Working, RBI Guidelines and Regulations.
8. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016: Salient Features, Need and Resolution
Process.
9. Norms of Bank Financing: Brief study of the recommendations of Tandon Committee,
K. Kannan Committee, Chore Committee.
10. Liberalised Exchange Rate Mechanism (LERM): Detailed study. Tarapore Committee
Report of 2000 and Report II of 2006 on Capital Account Convertibility
11. Special Banking Problems in India: Core Banking; Non‐Performing Assets (NPA),
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA), Amalgamation and Merger of Banks, Bank Frauds.
Suggested Readings:
1. S. N. Maheshwari: Banking Law and Practice; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
2. G. K. Varshney: Law & Practice of Banking; Sahitya Bhawan Publications, Agra
3. Gordon & Natarajan: Banking Theory, Law and Practice; HPH, Delhi
4. B. M. L. Nigam: Law and Practice of Banking, Vikas Publication, New Delhi
36 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐III

Group‐‘J’: Financial Market Analysis

Paper‐ 306‐A: Stock Market Operations

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Stock Exchanges: Meaning, Functions, Significance, Development of Stock Market in
India and Overseas Stock Exchanges.
2. Stock Exchanges in India: BSE and NSE and MCX; Functions, Recent Development in
Stock Exchanges.
3. Secondary Market Players: Role and Functions of Brokers, Sub‐ Brokers, FIIs and DIIs,
Depository Participants and Custodians.
4. Depositories – Need, Functions, operations and services (NDSL, CDSL).
5. Stock Market Trading Mechanism: Buying and selling of stocks: using brokerage and
analysts’ recommendations; Stop loss, Open order, limit order, and market order.
6. Screen Based Tradings – BOLT, NEAT, long and short position, Short Selling, Demat
trading, Stock Market Clearing House – Functions and Importance.
7. Stock Market Indices: BSE Sensitive Index (SENSEX), NSE Nifty, Calculation of stock
market indices, free float.
8. Share Price Movements: BSE Sensitive Index (SENSEX), NSE Nifty, Calculation of stock
market indices, Factors Influencing Share Price Fluctuations, Stock market frauds.
9. Stock Market Risks: Risk‐Return Trade‐Off; Systematic vs. Non‐Systematic Risks;
Components of Risks‐Market Risk, Foreign Exchange Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity
Risk, Purchasing Power Risk, Currency Fluctuation risk.
10. Futures and Options (Call and Put): Meaning, Rationale, types and pay‐offs.
Terminology: Spot Price and Exercise price, Margin money, Mark to Market, In the
Money, Out of money contracts, hedging, Swap contracts.
11. Investor Protection and Legal Framework in India: Role of SEBI and stock exchanges
in investor protection; Investor grievances and investors’ redressal system, insider
trading, investors’ awareness.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|37

Suggested Readings:
1. Preeti Singh: Investment Management Security Analysis & Portfolio Management,
HPH, New Delhi.
2. V. A. Avadhani: Investment and Securities Market in India; HPH, New Delhi.
3. Bhole, L. M. Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi.
4. H. R. Machirajn: Indian Financial System; Vikas Publications.
38 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐III

Paper‐306‐B: Capital and Security Market

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Indian Financial System – Introduction, Indian Financial system with understanding of
different markets‐ Money Market vs. Capital Market.
2. Capital Market: Meaning and features, Role in capital formation, Link between
Primary Market and Secondary Market.
3. Capital Market Intermediaries: Merchant Bankers, Underwriters, sub‐underwriters
Portfolio Managers, Brokers, Sub‐brokers, Registrar and transfer agents.
4. Primary Market/ New Issue Market ‐ Methods of Issuing New Securities (Primary
market), IPO, FPO, Offer for Sale, Private Placement, Rights Issue, Bonus Issue.
5. Book Building Method: Role of Lead manager/Merchant bankers in issue,
Red ‐ Herring Prospectus, ASBA, Green Shoe option ‐ Sweat equity, ESOPs, Listing of
securities.
6. Debt market Instruments : Government Securities: bonds‐ Zero Coupon Bonds, Deep
Discount Bonds, Convertible bonds, Commodity bonds, Floating rates bonds.
7. Masala Bonds‐ Origin, Benefits and features
8. Credit Rating Agencies‐Role and Importance.
9. Funds from International Markets: ADRs and GDRs, FCCBs and Euro Issues.
10. Role of Mutual Funds in Capital Market – Concept and need, AMCs, Net Asset Value,
Types of Mutual funds: Open ended, closed ended, equity, debt, hybrid, money
market, Different investment options‐ SIP, SWP,STP.
11. Venture Capital and Alternate Investment Funds (AIFs): Meaning, Growth, Role and
Functions.
12. Regulation and guidelines: The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, SEBI,
objectives. Functions, Guidelines for new issue market, Steps taken to improve capital
market, Merger of SEBI with FMC.
Suggested Readings:
1. V. A. Avadhani: Investment and Securities Market in India; HPH, New Delhi
2. Bhole, L. M. Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi.
3. H. R. Machirajn: Indian Financial System; Vikas Publications.
4. Gordon and Narrajan, Financial Markets and Services, Himalaya Publishing House,
New Delhi.
 B. Com. Part – I, Part – II and Part – III (Three Year Degree Course)|39

B. Com. Part‐III

Group‐‘K’: Functional Management

Paper‐307‐A: Human Resource Management
Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction: Evolution of Human Resource Management (HRM); Concept, Objectives
and Functions of HRM; HRM in the Indian Scenario.
2. Human Resource Planning: Concept; Process and Need.
3. Job Analysis: Concept and Process.
4. Recruitment and Selection: Concept and Process.
5. Human Resource Development: Concept, HRD Matrix.
6. Training and Development: Concept, Need and Methods.
7. Organisational Development: Concept, Need and Process.
8. Sustaining Employee Interest: Human Relations: Concept and Need; Wage and Salary
Administration‐ Needs, Principles, Components, Methods of Wage Payment.
9. Performance Appraisal: Need and Methods, Potential Appraisal vs. Performance
Appraisal.
10. Management of Industrial Relations: Concept, Causes for Poor Industrial Relations;
Management of Indiscipline; Industrial Disputes: Concept, Causes and Prevention of
Industrial Disputes.
11. Leadership & Motivation: Concept, Qualities of an Effective Leader, Leadership styles,
Factors of Motivation, Theories of Motivation: McGregor’s, Maslow and Herzberg’s.
12. Human Resource Audit and Research.
Suggested Readings:
1. Ajai Kumar Singhal: Human Resource Management; Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
(English & Hindi)
2. A. K. Malviya: Human Resource Management; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi)
3. T. N. Chabbra: Human Resource Management – Concept and Issues; Dhanpat Rai &
Co., Delhi
4. V.S.P. Rao: Human Resource Management‐text and cases, Excel Books
5. Singh R. K. & Singh Amit: Manav Sansadhan Prabandh; Astha Pub., Allahabad
40 | Department of Commerce and Business Administration

B. Com. Part‐III

Paper: 307‐B: Marketing Management

Pattern of Examination:
The question paper shall comprise of two sections‐ A and B. Section‐A shall have
a compulsory question carrying 20 marks. Section‐ B shall offer a choice of attempting
any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction: Marketing – Concept, Functions and Importance. Marketing
Management – Concept, Objectives, Functions and Significance.
2. Product Planning & Development: Definition, Classification of Product, Stages of
Product Life Cycle (PLC) and Factors affecting PLC. Product Planning – Genesis and
Importance of Product Planning in Marketing. Product Development: Meaning,
Principle of Product Development, Stages of New Product Development and Factors
affecting development of New Products.
3. Pricing: Meaning, Objectives, Price Policies and Strategies and Methods of fixing
prices.
4. Channels of Distribution: Meaning, Functions, Distribution Systems and Factors
affecting choice of channels of distribution. Wholesaler and Retailer ‐ Concept,
Functions and Services. New Retailing System
5. Promotional Tools: Promotion Mix: Personal Selling, Sales Promotion.
6. Advertising: Meaning, Objectives, Media of Advertising; Factors affecting Media
Selection, Publicity.
7. Marketing Research: Meaning, Objectives, Types, Techniques, Advantages and
Limitations.
8. Rural Marketing: Concept, Significance and Difficulties in Rural Marketing.

Suggested Readings:
1. A. K. Malviya: Marketing Management; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi)
2. C. B. Memoria, Pradeep Jain & Priti Mitra: Marketing Management; Kitab Mahal,
3. Beller & Berkman: Readings in Marketing Management; HPH, Bombay
4. D. Amar Chand, B. Varadharajan: An Introduction to Marketing; Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Singh R.K. & Amit Singh, Vipran Prabandh; Astha Pub., Allahabad.